Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tomographie par émissions de positon (TEP)'
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Le, Maitre Amandine. "Optimisation de l'utilisation de l'imagerie TEP pour la planification de traitement en radiothérapie." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0029.
Full textThere has been an increasing interest for the use Positron Emission Tomography (PET) combined with Computed Tomography for radiotherapy treatment planning. It improves target volume delineation by reducing inter and intra-observer variability and allows visualizing biological heterogeneities. Plethoras of segmentation algorithm have been proposed but there is a lack of consensus regarding which one to use. Monte Carlo simulations are interesting to validate these algorithms since they allow creating datasets with known ground-truth and for which all acquisition parameters are controlled.We proposed several methodologies for improving the realism of simulations. Several datasets incorporating patient specific variability in terms of anatomy and activity distributions, realistic tumor shape and activity modeling and integrating the respiratory motions were created.These data were used in a first study concerning target volume definition. Several algorithms were compared for radiotherapy treatment planning. The accuracy of segmentation was related to the quality of ground-truth volume coverage. We also studied the impact of respiratory motion on segmentation accuracy.We investigated the use of an advanced segmentation method able to define high uptake sub-volumes, for heterogeneous dose prescriptions. Several scenarios of prescriptions were compares in terms of Tumor Control Probability (TCP) computed on PET images. Variability of this TCP due to acquisition parameters was quantified. The impact of contrast and size of sub-volume was studied. Finally we studied the usefulness of the addition of compartments to such heterogeneous prescriptions
Thureau, Sébastien. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionelle par Tomographie par émissions de positons (TEP) en radiothérapie pulmonaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR128/document.
Full textRésumé en anglais non disponible
Farradèche, Morgane. "Chambre d'ionisation liquide détecteur de photons γ pour l'imagerie TEP." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS115/document.
Full textCaLIPSO is a photon detector concept designed for dedicated brain Positron Emission Tomography. It is a medical imaging technique based on the coincidence detection of two 511-keV photons. For the first time, the liquid trimethylbismuth is used as sensitive medium. Each 511-keV photon releases a primary electron that triggers a Cherenkov radiation and ionizes the medium. CaLIPSO operates as a time projection chamber and detects both Cherenkov light and charge signal. As the total number of released charges is proportional to the energy deposited by the initial photon, we were able to measure the charge production yield (or free ion yield) of the trimehylbismuth. To this end, we developed a purification bench associated with a low-noise measurement system for the current induced by a γ-ray source of photons with a precision < 5 fA for an electric field up to 7 kV/cm. The tetramethylsilane was used as a benchmark liquid to validate the measurement. We obtained a free ion yield of trimethylbismuth 6 times lower than the typical values for similar dielectric liquids. Quantum chemistry computations on heavy atoms shown that this behavior is due to the geometry of the trimethylbismuth molecule. The bismuth atom acts as an electron trapping center which induces an additional recombination mechanism of the electrons near their parent cations. Finally, in order to verify this hypothesis and to quantify the mobility of charges in liquids, we developed an individual charge pulses measurement system which has been successfully validated with tetramethylsilane
Giboureau, Nicolas. "Diagnostic précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer : développement de médicaments radiopharmaceutiques fluorés pour l'exploration scintigraphique en tomographie d'émission de positon (TEP)." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3323.
Full textVAChT and nAChRs are related cholinergic markers involved in the early stages of AD. Imaging both these targets using PET would be of benefit to obtain an early diagnosis of AD. In the case of VAChT, we developed benzovesamicol analogues : (2R, 3R)-5-FPOBV (10), (2S, 3S)-5-FPOBV (11) and (2R, 3R)-5-FEOBV (15). These compounds were radiolabelled with 18F then in ex vivo and in vivo evaluation (in rat and baboon), a low and homogeneous brain uptake was found. Futhermore, high accumulation of radioactivity in bone, indicating defluorination of [18F]10 and [18F]11 was observed. From these results, [18 F]10, [18F]11, [18F]15 appear not to be suitable for in vivo imaging of the VAChT. Concerning nAChRs, [18F]21 was radiolabelled with 18F then in vivo evaluation was performed in baboon. [18F]21 shows selectivity for the receptors in the thalamus and an unexpected uptake in the striatum which could be due to other nAChRs or other receptors
David, Simon. "Analyse d'images pour les études de la réponse thérapeutique en Tomographie par Émission de Positon." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2059.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is a tool for therapy response assessment. It is also used for the definition of a biological tumour volume with one or more PET scans measuring different tumour. Three fusion methods have been developed to combine follow-up or multi-tracer PET scans. Based on the Bayesian classification principle, the first approach noted ASEM can be used for the fusion of either follow-up or multi-tracer scans. The second method consists in merging multi-tracer scans through the Dempster-Shafer theory (DS) in order to define a global tumour volume. The third approach is based on the change detection principle using the Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSm), applied to follow-up scans. The methods were applied to simulated and clinical datasets in follow-up and multi-tracer context. Their performances were compared to the use of fixed and adaptive thresholding and the Fuzzy-Cmean algorithm. On simulated datasets, the fixed and adaptive thresholds and the FCM algorithm led to higher errors than the ASEM approach. The change detection method was associated with satisfactory performance on simulated follow-up data. For the clinical follow-up data, the fixed threshold and the FCM segmentation failed to provide coherent measurements. The adaptive threshold demonstrated low robustness, leading to very high variability in the measurements. The ASEM method wais the one for which the variations of the measurement are the most coherent with the therapeutic response. These results were further confirmed by the results obtained on multi-tracer clinical cases. The threshold methods and the FCM segmentation were less robust versus noise arid tumour contrast. On the other hand, the analysis associated with the ASEM fusion emphasized the robustness of this approach
Moussallem, Mazen. "Optimisation de la délimitation automatique des tumeurs pulmonaires à partir de l'imagerie TEP/TDM pour les planifications dosimétriques des traitements par radiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864905.
Full textColard, Elyse. "Méthode d'obtention d'images TEP paramétriques de la cinétique de fixation du FDG basée sur une approche mathématique intégrant un modèle d'erreur de mesures." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR110/document.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) with 2-[18]-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is a functional imaging technique especially used in oncology to quantify glucose metabolism of tumour lesions. In clinical routine, quantitative analysis of these images is carried out using the standardized uptake value (SUV). More sophisticated quantification approaches have been proposed in the literature, but they requiremultiple blood samples and/or at least a 50 minutes PET acquisition. As a result, they are difficult to implement in clinical routine. Our work focused on the development of a non-invasive approach, named ParaPET, based on the initial work of [Barbolosi et al. 2016], allowing the determination of 3D maps of dynamic biomarkers and only requiring a PET scan of a limited duration. Our approach includes several improvements, including the development of a new model for the estimation of the FDG activity concentration and the associated measurement error, based on amultiple PET reconstruction protocol using temporal data resampling, the determination of the blood FDG activity concentration using PET aorta images, and the characterisation of tumour lesions at a voxel level. Our approach was evaluated on a database of 31 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by chemo-radiation therapy, that we previously constructed. Our analysis focused on thedetermination of the biomarker Ki , the net influx of FDG in the lesion. Our results show no significant difference in the Ki estimate between our approach and the reference method, the Patlak graphical analysis [Patlak et al. 1983]. We also have shown the existence of a strong correlation between Ki and SUV images (R2 ¸ 0,87).However, these images are not identical, and may provide additional information, for example for necrotic regions. Finally, we studied the relative variation of Ki (¢(K¤ i )) and SUVmax (¢(SUVmax )) between pre- et per-therapeutic PET scans. We have found a poor correlation between ¢(K¤i ) et ¢(SUVmax ) (R2 = 0,60) over the entire range of variation, but a higher correlation from ¢(SUVmax ) values ¸ 40 %. The meaning and the medical interest associated with small variations of SUV and Ki should be further investigated. To conclude, our ParaPET approach allows a simplified determination of kinetic parameters of FDG uptake, which will enhance the tumour characteristics that may be of interest for radiomics
Bodet-Milin, Caroline. "Optimisation clinique du pré-ciblage utilisant l'anticorps anti-ACE humanisé trivalent TF2 et le haptène bivalent IMP288 dans 2 modèles de tumeurs exprimant l'ACE, pour une application thérapeutique en radioimmunothérapie et pour une application en imagerie par émission de positon appelée immuno-TEP." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=cf1de8a2-37e0-4099-b039-ac77549668ea.
Full textOur team contributed to the optimization and validation of pretargeting using bispecific antibodies and radiolabeled haptens in various preclinical and clinical models of CEA-expressing tumors. The new generation of anti-CEA bispecific antibody (bsMAb) TF2 and IMP288 bivalent hapten are available and accessible for transfer to clinical applications but require optimization step to determine the optimal pre-targeting scheme including the molar doses of TF2 and IMP288, the TF2/IMP288 ratio and the pretargeting delay. The main objective of this work was to optimize the clinical use of the TF2/IMP288 system in 2 models of CEA-expressing tumors using pharmacokinetic and imaging data obtained in a RIT study and in an imaging PET study (immunoPET). The preliminary results obtained from the prospective multicentric pretargeted-RIT phase I/II optimization study using TF2 and 177Lu-IMP288 in patients with CEA-expressing relapsing lung tumours allowed us to determine the optimal bsMAb dose and pre-targeting delay for therapeutic application and to confirm the accuracy of 111In-labeled images to predict 177Lu-IMP288 distribution and to estimate absorbed doses to major organs and tumours. The preliminary results obtained from the phase I/II immunoPET trial using TF2 and 68Ga-IMP288 in 5 cohorts of 3 patients with progressive MTC allowed us to demonstrate the feasibility of this new imaging approach and to define the optimal pre-targeting scheme for immuno-PET applications
Peyron, Roland. "Étude des douleurs neurologiques par lésion du système nerveux central en tomographie d'émission de positons (TEP) et évaluation des composantes attentionnelles de la douleur chez le sujet sain lors d'une stimulation nocive." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T103.
Full textHumbert, Olivier. "Imagerie TEP au 18F-FDG du cancer du sein : étude du comportement métabolique des différents phénotypes tumoraux et prédiction de la réponse tumorale à la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS024/document.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18Fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is the reference imaging examination for in-vivo quantification of the glucidic metabolism of tumour cells. It allows for the monitoring of tumour metabolic changes during chemotherapy. Breast cancer comprises several distinct genomic entities with different biological characteristics and clinical behaviours, leading to different tailored treatments. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to evaluate the relationship between the different biological entities of breast cancer and the tumour metabolic behaviour during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We have also retrieved, among the various metabolic parameters on PET images, the most reliable ones to predict, as early as after the first neoadjuvant cycle, the final tumour histologic response and patient’s outcome. We have also evaluated early changes in tumour blood flow, using a tumour first-pass model derived from an dynamic 18F-FDG-PET acquisition.The first article presented in this thesis has underlined the strong correlation between breast cancer subtypes, and the tumour metabolic behaviour during chemotherapy. The following three articles have demonstrated that tumour metabolic changes after the first neoadjuvant cycle can predict the final histologic complete response at the end of the treatment, both in triple-negative and HER2 positive tumours. Concerning the luminal/HER2 subtype, the early metabolic response mainly predicts patient’s outcome.These results should lead, in the near future, to PET-guided neoadjuvant strategies, in order to adapt the neoadjuvant treatment in poor-responding women. Such a strategy should lead to enhanced personalized medicine
Nguyen, Pham Truong. "Imagerie corrélative : autoradiographie - tomographie par émission de positons : application à l’imagerie cérébrale dans le lupus." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE027.
Full textNuclear imaging is essential in the clinical and pre-clinical field for studying the biodistribution of the drug and observing the evolution of the pathology. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan is today a gold standard functional imaging with picomolar sensitivity. It offers a resolution of the order of a millimetre. As part of this thesis, autoradiography, with Mimosa-28 semiconductor sensors, provides a sub-millimetre resolution while keeping a good sensitivity in order to visualize the cerebral distribution of the radiotracer in the mouse. Before the autoradiography acquisition, this sensor is characterized with isotopes usually used in preclinical systems in the PET system : 18F, 64Cu and 89Zr. Measurements of efficiency and spatial resolution are made to compare with other current systems such as emulsion films, phosphorescence, scintillation and gaseous detectors. PET scans enable both to explore biodistribution at the animal scale before to visualize the distribution with autoradiography at the tissue scale. We then explore the possibility of improving the quality of images through GEANT4 Application for Tomography Emission (GATE) Monte-Carlo simulation and reconstruction using a Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method (MLEM) algorithm. The autoradiographic images gain in contrast and the scattering effect of the charged particles into the medium is attenuated
Ramos, Emilie. "Démonstrateur optique CaLIPSO pour l’imagerie TEP clinique et préclinique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112409/document.
Full textPET detectors are usually based on scintillation crystals or semiconductor materials. The CaLIPSO project aims to build a PET detector working on the double detection of Cerenkov light and pair productions in a novel detection material called TriMethylBismuth. This would allow at the same time an enhanced time resolution (thanks to the Cerenkov signal) and a excellent spatial resolution (thanks to the ionization signal). Liquid TMBi (at room temperature), thanks to its good photo fraction (47%), allows a good detection efficiency, principally by photoelectric effect. In this context, this work aims to design and optimize an optical detector as a proof of concept for the Cerenkov detection of 511 keV gamma photons, and to measure the time resolution and detection efficiency of such a detector. The optical signal based on Cerenkov effect in TMBi has been observed on a first demonstrator, but its performances were clearly inappropriate. So we used a Monte Carlo simulation (Geant4) of the detector in order to model the relevant phenomena and to optimize de detection. It appeared that light collection efficiency in the detector was the most important parameter to optimize so as to improve time resolution and detection efficiency. Before that, we measured TMBi optical properties (refractive index, light absorption and diffusion), in order to model accurately the Cerenkov light propagation in the detector. The tool used for the time resolution measurement is a YAP: Ce scintillator coupled to a PMT. We also needed to optimize this tool in order to allow a more accurate measurement of the detector time resolution. At the end of this work, a second version of the optical demonstrator was built. We measured a detection efficiency of 32%, and a time resolution of 660 ps FWHM. The measured efficiency proved that our detector is fully efficient to detect the photoelectric conversions of the 511 keV photons (27% of the incident photons). Several technological optimizations are proposed to further improve the time resolution, in order to be able to measure the gamma photons’ time-of-flight in the future
Petibon, Yoann. "Développement de méthodes quantitatives en imagerie simultanée TEP-IRM." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066187.
Full textThe physiologic motion of organs during the data acquisition and the finite system’s Point Spread Function (PSF) both limit the image quality of Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Recently, whole-body (WB) simultaneous PET-Magnetic Resonance (MR) scanners have become available. This modality offers an elegant solution to the motion problem since MR-based motion information can be used to correct the PET images for motion. Nevertheless, to fully benefit from the new capabilities offered by PET-MR, it is essential to also compensate the images for PSF-related degradations. The goal of this thesis was to develop methods allowing to improve PET image quality using PET-MR. In that perspective, we have developed MRI acquisition/processing techniques to measure organs’ motion. We have modeled the spatially-varying PSF using point source measurements. We have then incorporated MR-based motion information (of both emission and attenuation maps) and PSF modeling into fully-3D iterative PET reconstruction, yielding images virtually free of motion artifacts while reducing PSF-related effects. These methods were evaluated for two key applications of WB PET-MR, oncology and cardiology, using phantom, animal and patient studies, demonstrating improved image quality and assessment of tumors and myocardial defects. In addition, we have developed methods allowing to improve PET imaging of small coronary atherosclerotic plaques, a promising pre-clinical application of PET-MR, which were evaluated using a realistic PET-MR simulation study. Overall, the results obtained demonstrate that the developed methodology can substantially improve PET image quality as compared to standard methods
Lemoine, Laëtitia. "Apports de la TEP dans l’imagerie moléculaire des récepteurs sérotoninergiques 5-HT1A et 5-HT7." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10039/document.
Full textThe serotonergic system, implicated in several diseases of central nervous system, can be explored in vivo by PET imaging (positron emission tomography). The research and the preclinical validation of radiotracers that specifically target serotonin are crucial. In this work, we focused on two serotonin receptors for which we have developed molecular tools for functional imaging: (i) the 5-HT1A and (ii) the 5-HT7. (i) 5-HT1A receptors are among the serotonin receptors the best described at present. However, if PET radiotracers are already available, they are antagonists and bind either to 5-HT1A receptors, G protein-coupled and functional, and to 5-HT1A receptors decoupled and non-functional. We therefore proposed an original strategy to develop a 5-HT1A agonist labeled with fluorine to access imagery of functional receptors. Two molecules, the F15599 and F13714, initially developed for their antidepressant properties by an industrial partner, were radiolabeled with fluorine-18 and were evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in rats and cats. Our results show that the [18F] F13714 may view in a new way the 5-HT1A G protein-coupled (ii) The second focus of this thesis for the 5-HT7, recently discovered and proposed as a therapeutic target antidepressant. Unlike the 5-HT1A, 5-HT7 receptors do not yet have PET radiotracer. Our approach was to select, from the pharmacophore of the receptor, four structures of 5-HT7 antagonists, synthesized by a lab partner in chemistry: the 2FP3, the 4FP3, the 2FPMP and 4FPMP. Our radiopharmacology in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo led us to retain a radiotracer, the [18F] 2FP3. At the conclusion of this thesis CIFRE, we can propose two originals PET radiotracers , opening new perspectives for molecular imaging of neurotransmission of 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors and which we plan further development as clinical radiopharmaceuticals
Fall, Mame Diarra. "Modélisation stochastique de processus pharmaco-cinétiques, application à la reconstruction tomographique par émission de positrons (TEP) spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112035.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop new statistical methods for spatial (3D) and space-time (3D+t) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) reconstruction. The objective is to propose efficient reconstruction methods in a context of low injected doses while maintaining the quality of the interpretation. We tackle the reconstruction problem as a spatial or a space-time inverse problem for point observations in a \Bayesian nonparametric framework. The Bayesian modeling allows to regularize the ill-posed inverse problem via the introduction of a prior information. Furthermore, by characterizing the unknowns with their posterior distributions, the Bayesian context allows to handle the uncertainty associated to the reconstruction process. Being nonparametric offers a framework for robustness and flexibility to perform the modeling. In the proposed methodology, we view the image to reconstruct as a probability density in(for reconstruction in k dimensions) and seek the solution in the space of whole probability densities in . However, due to the size of the data, posterior estimators are intractable and approximation techniques are needed for posterior inference. Most of these techniques are based on Markov Chain Monte-Carlo methods (MCMC). In the Bayesian nonparametric approach, a major difficulty raises in randomly sampling infinite dimensional objects in a computer. We have developed a new sampling method which combines both good mixing properties and the possibility to be implemented on a parallel computer in order to deal with large data sets. Thanks to the taken approach, we obtain 3D spatial reconstructions without any ad hoc space voxellization and 4D space-time reconstructions without any discretization, neither in space nor in time. Furthermore, one can quantify the error associated to the statistical estimation using the credibility intervals
Bennacef, Idriss. "Synthèse, radiosynthèse et évaluation biologique de quinoléine carboxamides analogues du Talnetant (SB 223412) pour l'étude par imagerie TEP ou TEMP du récepteur NK-3." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2075.
Full textUrien, Hélène. "Détection et segmentation de lésions dans des images cérébrales TEP-IRM." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0004/document.
Full textThe recent development of hybrid imaging combining Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an opportunity to exploit images of a same structure obtained simultaneously and providing complementary information. This also represents a real challenge due to the difference of nature and voxel size of the images. This new technology offers attractive prospects in oncology, and more precisely in neuro-oncology thanks to the contrast between the soft tissues provided by the MRI images. In this context, and as part of the PIM (Physics in Medicine) project of Paris-Saclay University, the goal of this thesis was to develop a multimodal segmentation pipeline adapted to PET and MRI images, including a tumor detection method in PET and MRI, and a segmentation method of the tumor in MRI. This process must be generic to be applied to multiple brain pathologies, of different nature, and for different clinical application. The first part of the thesis focuses on tumor detection using a hierarchical approach. More precisely, the detection method uses a new spatial context criterion applied on a max-tree representation of the MRI and PET images to select potential lesions. The second part presents a MRI tumor segmentation method using a variational approach. This method minimizes a globally convex energy function guided by PET information. Finally, the third part proposes an extension of the detection and segmentation methods developed previously to MRI multimodal segmentation, and also to longitudinal follow-up. The detection and segmentation methods were tested on images from several data bases, each of them standing for a specific brain pathology and PET radiotracer. The dataset used for PET-MRI detection and segmentation is composed of PET and MRI images of gliomas and meningiomas acquired from different systems, and images of brain lesions acquired on the hybrid PET-MRI system of Frédéric Joliot Hospital at Orsay. The detection method was also adapted to multimodal MRI imaging to detect multiple sclerosis lesions and follow-up studies. The results show that the proposed method, characterized by a generic approach using flexible parameters, can be adapted to multiple clinical applications. For example, the quality of the segmentation of images from the hybrid PET-MR system was assessed using the Dice coefficient, the Hausdorff distance (HD) and the average distance (AD) to a manual segmentation of the tumor validated by a medical expert. Experimental results on these datasets show that lesions visible on both PET and MR images are detected, and that the segmentation delineates precisely the tumor contours (Dice, HD and MD values of 0.85 ± 0.09, 7.28 ± 5.42 mm and 0.72 ± 0.36mm respectively)
Tixier, Florent. "Caractérisation de l'hétérogénéité tumorale sur des images issues de la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP)." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991783.
Full textTremblay, Hugo. "La tomographie par émission de positons à l'étude de la réponse hémodynamique temporelle induite par activation cérébrale (TEP-RHETIAC)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64469.pdf.
Full textVala, Christine. "Synthèse de groupements prosthétiques glucidiques : vers de nouveaux traceurs peptidiques pour l'imagerie par tomographie par émission de positons (TEP)." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10031/document.
Full textThe use of peptides or proteins labeled with fluorine-18, as agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a rapidly growing field. Thus, the objective of our work was to create and to synthesize new glycosyl prosthetic groups, which are analogs of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). The particularity of these compounds is their azide moiety which enables a simple and efficient ligation with alkynylated amino acids via a Huisgen type reaction or “click Chemistry”. The first goal was to study the ideal position for the introduction of the azide moiety on the sugar, either at the C-1 or C-6 position. In order to evaluate the incorporation of fluorine-18, two different strategies were developed to obtain two generations of labeled precursors and cold references. The second objective was to synthesize alkynylated phenylalanine, cysteine and gluthation derivatives to test the “click Chemistry” ligation method with the best prosthetic group
Brard, Emmanuel. "La tomographie à émission de positrons à géométrie axiale : de l’imagerie de la souris au cerveau humain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAE003/document.
Full textPositrons emission tomography is a nuclear imaging technics using nuclear decays. It is used both in clinical and preclinical studies. The later requires the use of small animals such as the mouse. The objective is to obtain the best signal with the best spatial resolution. Yet, a weight ratio between humans and mice indicates the need of a sub-millimeter resolution. A conventional scanner is based on detection modules surrounding the object to image and arranged perpendicularly. This implies a strong relationship between efficiency and spatial resolution. This work focuses on the axial geometry in which detection modules are arranged parallel to the object. This limits the relationship between the figures of merit, leading to both high spatial resolution and efficiency. The simulations of prototypes showed great perspectives in term of sub-millimeter resolution with efficiencies of 15 or 40% according to the scanner’s axial extension. These results indicate great perspectives for both clinical and preclinical imaging
Sureau, Florent. "Exploitation de corrélations spatiales et temporelles en tomographie par émission de positrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348272.
Full textVallot, Delphine. "Reconstruction adaptative optimisée pour la quantification en tomographie de positons couplée à un tomodensitomètre." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30188.
Full textThis study was initiated to evaluate an iterative reconstruction algorithm in positron emission tomography based on a regularization method to obtain convergence. Our aim was to assess its performance, in comparison with other currently available algorithms and to study the impact of the only parameter available to users for eventual optimization, both using anthropomorphic phantoms and clinical data. We confirm that this algorithm shows several advantages compared to the traditional OSEM-MLEM concerning noise, contrast and detectability. By using anthropomorphic phantoms and with access to more reconstruction parameters, the performance could be further improved to decrease the artefacts and the overestimation of certain metrics. Work in progress
Christine, Thifanie. "Synthèses et propriétés de nouvelles structures à base de BODIPY pour l’imagerie bimodale TEP/IO et la génération d’oxygène singulet." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0239.
Full textMedical imaging is a very important tool for the diagnosis of numerous diseases. The positron emission tomography (PET scan) is one of the most employed technique for its high sensibility, but the very short lifetime of the radionuclide used implies a very fast synthesis of the radioactive tracer.1,2 Optical imaging (OI) avoids the use of radioactive elements, but its limited sensibility in deep tissues can hamper its in vivo application. In order to obtain more modular probes depending on the need of the biologist (in vitro or in vivo studies), the development of new bimodal tracers is becoming an important research axis. In this context, new bimodal BODIPY-based molecules (fluorescent) that could be labelled by 11C (PET) have been synthesized. The different structures were conjugated to oestradiol to target the tumour cells of breast cancer. In vivo studies are being carried out to evaluate the biodistribution of the [13C]-labelled molecules. In parallel, their modification in photosensitizers for the production of singlet oxygen has also been considered for potential applications in the field of photodynamic therapy. On the other hand, several BODIPY-based photosensitizers have been synthesized and evaluated in a photooxygenation reaction, and their application to other types of reaction are in progress
Irace, Zacharie. "Modélisation statistique et segmentation d'images TEP : application à l'hétérogénéité et au suivi de tumeurs." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12201/1/irace.pdf.
Full textBen, Bouallegue Fayçal. "Contributions en reconstruction TEP 3D par inversion directe." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20078.
Full textWe present two innovative contributions in 3D positron emission tomography (PET) direct reconstruction. First, we develop an extended three-dimensional exact rebinning formula in the Fourier space that leads to an iterative reprojection algorithm (iterative FOREPROJ), which enables the estimation of unmeasured oblique projection data on the basis of the whole set of measured data. In first approximation, this analytical formula also leads to an extended Fourier rebinning equation that is the basis for an approximate reprojection algorithm (extended FORE). These algorithms are evaluated on numerically simulated 3D PET data for the solution of the truncation problem. By taking advantage of all the 3D data statistics, the iterative FOREPROJ reprojection provides a quick and reliable alternative to the classical FOREPROJ and geometric re-projection methods. It significantly improves the quality of the external reconstructed slices without loss of spatial resolution. Then we investigate how the choice of fixed planes for the representation of the projection data of a cylindrical PET scanner simplifies the frequency interpolation required by the 3D Fourier slice theorem (3D-FST). A new gridding algorithm based on a two-plane geometry and requiring only 1D interpolations in the Fourier domain is compared with the direct implementation of the 3D-FST. We show that the use of two orthogonal planes leads to signal to noise ratios similar to those achieved with the 3D-FST algorithm from projection data acquired with up to two times more count rates, while the resolution remains similar
Stute, Simon. "Modélisation avancée en simulations Monte Carlo de tomographie par émission de positons pour l'amélioration de la reconstruction et de la quantification." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112264.
Full textPositron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that plays a major role in cancer diagnosis and cancer patient monitoring. However, PET images suffer from a modest spatial resolution and high noise. As a result, there is no consensus on how the metabolically active tumour volume and the tumour uptake should be characterized. Ln the meantime, research groups keep producing new methods for tumour characterization based on PET images, which need to be assessed in realistic conditions. A Monte Carlo simulation based method has been developed to produce PET images of cancer patients that are indistinguishable from clinical images, and for which all parameters are known. Fourteen quantification methods were compared in realistic conditions using a group of patient data simulated using this method. Ln addition, the proposed method was extended to simulate serial PET scans in the context of patient monitoring, including modelling of tumour changes and variability over time of non-tumour physiological uptake. Ln a second part of the work, Monte Carlo simulations were used to study the detection probability inside the crystals of the tomograph. A model of the crystal response was derived and included in the system matrix involved in tomographic reconstruction. The resulting reconstruction method was compared with other sophisticated methods proposed in the literature. Using simulated data, we demonstrated that the proposed method improved the noise/resolution trade-off over equivalent approaches. We illustrated the robustness of the method using clinical data. The proposed method might lead to an improved accuracy in tumour characterization from PET images
Tong, Xiao. "Recalage d'image de la tomographie optique diffuse de fluorescence (fDOT) et la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) et le développement de tomographie optique en multi-angle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795178.
Full textRmeily-Haddad, Mireille. "Analyse temporelle de la fixation cérébrale du 18F-FDG en TEP : cartographies et application clinique potentielle." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIED009.
Full textJouvie, Camille. "Estimation de la fonction d'entrée en tomographie par émission de positons dynamique : application au fluorodesoxyglucose." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966453.
Full textLerond, Jérôme. "Système sérotoninergique 5-HT1A et schizophrénie : étude par tomographie par émission de positons au p-[18F]MPPF chez des patients schizophrènes traités par antipsychotiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10152/document.
Full textBackgrounds: Multiple post-mortem and pharmacological studies suggest a key role of the serotonergic 1A (5-HT1A) system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Materials and methods: The aim of our work was to assess the 5-HT1A receptors availability In patients suffering from schizophrenia treated with different antipsychotic drugs, compared to controls, using a new ligand antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors, the [18F]MPPF. The 5-HT1A binding potential of 19 schizophrenic patients (treated with either aripiprazole (a 5-HT1A partial agonist) or Second Generation Antipsychotic (olanzapine or risperidone) was compared with that of 19 age-matched healthy controls. This is the first report of a [18F]MPPF PET study in treated patients with schizophrenia. Results: A significant reduction of [18F]MPPF BPND was found in treated patients with schizophrenia compared to age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. These modifications were mainly localized in the frontal and orbitofrontal cortex and may reflect either the pathophysiology of schizophrenia or medication effects. In comparison to matched healthy subjects, the reduction of 5-HT1A receptor availability was more extensive in schizophrenic patients with aripiprazole treatment than in schizophrenic patients with SGA treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that aripiprazole has a major impact on [18F]MPPF BPND, likely due to its partial agonist activity at 5-HT1A receptors. In order to distinguish the relative contributions of the disease itself versus medication effects, future [18F]MPPF studies should be performed in APD-naïve patients with schizophrenia
Pustelnik, Nelly. "Méthodes proximales pour la résolution de problèmes inverses : application à la tomographie par émission de positrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559126.
Full textBouchareb, Yassine. "Apport des méthodes de traitement de l'image pour la quantification de la perfusion myocardique à l'eau marquée en Tomographie par Emission de Positons (TEP)." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD15.
Full textVandenbussche, Vincent. "Étude et développement d'un imageur TEP ambulatoire pour le suivi thérapeutique individualisé en cancérologie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112249/document.
Full textMedical imaging first began at the end of the XIXth century with the discover of X-rays by Röntgen. Then, numerous imaging modalities have been developed and are used now for a wide range of cases. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has a high sensitivity, is functional and quantitative, thus being of high interest in cancer monitoring. Nevertheless, PET is not as much spread in hospitals as magnetic resonance imaging and scanner. In this context, this work aims to prove the faisability of PET dedicated for cancer monitoring. Thanks to instrumental developments such as light sharing in scintillating crystals, use of Silicon Photomultipliers, and an original geometry, cost is expected to be reduced while having same performances as commercial devices. An extensive study of light sharing within scintillating barrels has been made, through many parameters (crystal length, coating, data analysis...). An intrinsic spatial resolution of 4 mm has been measured over a 75 mm long crystal of LYSO, coated with teflon. From such a configuration, a first image has been reconstructed using two modules in coincidence. A spatial resolution of 5 mm has been measured in the image. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations has been made with experimental data as input, in order to measure the performances of the final PET device. Thanks to NEMA standard protocol, performances has been measured and compared to other systems. A spatial resolution of 4 mm has been reached, for a sensitivity of 2.5 cps/kBq. Quantification problem has been assessed, providing results similar to existing devices
Gillet, Raphaël. "Synthèse et caractérisation de bispidines, chélatants du 64Cu, en vue d’applications pour la tomographie à émission de positrons." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF058/document.
Full textThis PhD work aimed at developing new bispidine-based copper(II) chelating agents for applications in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). On one hand, 64Cu is a metallic radioisotope which possesses interesting properties for PET imaging and on the other hand, bispidines have a pre-organized and rigid structure. This property makes them good chelating agents for numerous transition metals, particularly copper(II). This work presents the development of a new bispidine-based ligand having a phosphonate pendant arm as well as the development of bispidines allowing the synthesis of new chelating agents for copper(II). The physico-chemical properties of the phosphonated bispidine were thoroughly studied by different techniques, showing that it would be adequat for PET applications. Radiolabeling experiments were also done in the presence of 64Cu for various bispidines and show the high potential of bispidine ligands for the complexation of 64Cu. Finally, several functionalization strategies were studied in order to get bifunctional chelates based on the phosphonated bispidines. This study proved the possibility to develop two bifunctional bispidines based on the phosphonated one and also it allowed us to develop two bifunctional bispidines as synthon for the synthesis of new families of bifunctional bispidines
Joly, Baptiste. "Optimisation de la résolution temporelle en tomographie par émission de positons dédiée au contrôle de dose en hadronthérapie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22018.
Full textAbgral, Ronan. "Tomographie par émission de positons au 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose et carcinome épidermoïde des voies aérodigestives supérieures réfractaire au traitement." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952418.
Full textTiss, Amal. "Joint Reconstruction of Longitudinal Positron Emission Tomography Studies for Tau Protein Imaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS387.pdf.
Full textThe accumulation of the paired helical filament tau protein leads to the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Positron Emission Tomography tracer, [18F]-AV-1451, permits the observation of PHF tau in vivo. To determine the rate of tau deposition in the brain, the conventional approach involves scanning the subject two times (2-3 years apart) and reconstructing the images separately. Region-specific rates of accumulation are derived from the difference image which suffers from an increased intensity variation making this approach inadequate for clinical trial looking at the effect of a candidate drug on tau because the increased variation leads to a higher sample size required. We propose a joint longitudinal image reconstruction where the tau deposition difference image is reconstructed directly from measurements leading to a lower intensity variation. This approach introduces a linear temporal dependency and accounts for spatial alignment, and the different injected doses. We validate the reconstruction method by simulating higher tau accumulation in real data at different intensity levels. We additionally reconstruct the data from 123 subjects: 109 healthy subjects, 10 suffering from mild cognitive impairment, and 4 diagnosed with AD. The joint reconstruction shows better contrast in the difference image obtained by the numerical simulations and a drastically reduced variance in the change of the Standard Uptake Value Ratio among subjects. The decreased variance of our method leads to a smaller sample size for a potential clinical trial evaluating the effect of a candidate drug against AD
Frindel, Mathieu. "Optimisation de l'imagerie phénotypique-TEP au cuivre-64 avec des azamacrocycles picolinate." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=809e2ba0-4b94-4eee-891b-a0cd3802cbff.
Full textImmuno-PET is a medical imaging modality combining specific targeting of tumor biomarker and positron emission tomography technique. Its interest lies in improving the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in some cancers – for which the morphological and/or metabolic imaging techniques are insufficiently contributive – and in its ability to select eligible patients for targeted therapies. This imaging modality is allowed thanks to a radiopharmaceutical, which is composed of an immunospecific vector labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide. In this work, we chose an antibody vector and copper-64 whose biological and physical properties are particularly advantageous for this kind of application. Macrocyclic bifunctional ligands are generally used for the complexation and conjugation of the copper-64 to the vector. Nevertheless, they form complexes that can be dissociated in vivo, particularly under the influence of physiological competitors. The main objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of the in vivo stability of copper-64 radiolabeling. Monoclonal antibodies were radiolabeled with copper-64 by means of innovative ligands (derivatives from cyclen and cyclam N-functionalized with one or two picolinate moieties). A study conducted in a mouse model allowed to demonstrate the concept of the use and interest of this new family of ligands in the context of immuno-PET. The results are promising and future developments of these ligands are expected to decrease non-specific accumulation of radioactivity in the organs for future preclinical or clinical imaging studies
Lemoine, Laëtitia. "Apports de la TEP dans l'imagerie moléculaire des récepteurs sérotoninergiques 5-HT1A et 5-HT7." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863811.
Full textGauthé, Mathieu. "Optimisation médico-économique des stratégies d'utilisation des examens TEP/TDM en imagerie oncologique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7040.
Full textPositron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (PET/CT) devices are essential pathways in oncology. Many studies have reported the performances of the various radiopharmaceutical drugs (RPD) used for PET/CT imaging in many cancers. The rise of PET/CT remains slowed down in France for economic reasons. However, the difference between the cost of a PET/CT examination, compared to that of another modern imaging routinely used in the same indication, is not so obvious once considered the impact on decision making and the costs avoided by the revision of erroneous or incomplete diagnoses. Nonetheless, if all PET/CT examinations are currently reimbursed in the same way regardless of the RPD used, thus making their cost identical from the health insurance perspective, their production costs for the hospital vary and should be considered according to the frequency of the indication of the examination.We compared several imaging strategies for prostate cancer imaging by analyzing the data acquired during the French prospective multicenter FLUPROSTIC study, which included two RPD for PET imaging: 18F-flurocholine (FCH) and 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF), FCH being twice more costly for the hospital than NaF.The analysis of the impact of each imaging strategy on decision making, based on dedicated questionnaires completed by the referring clinicians, demonstrated that FCH PET/CT was the imaging modality that had the highest impact, especially for patients presenting with first biochemical recurrence.The cost-utility analysis, carried out from the health insurance perspective for patients with first biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer over a "lifetime" time horizon, was based on a model5combining a decision tree integrating the diagnostic performances of imaging and a Markov model simulating the natural history of prostate cancer. This analysis demonstrated that FCH PET/CT, the most accurate imaging modality from a diagnostic point of view, had a 100% probability of being the most cost-effective strategy for willingness to pay thresholds of 3,000€ or 9,000€ per quality-adjusted life year gained if the imaging reading was made by local specialists or experts respectively. From the hospital perspective, the 20% drop in the cost of FCH between 2018 and 2019 had made profitable the production of FCH PET/CT examinations for prostate cancer imaging.PET/CT increases diagnostic accuracy and has an impact on decision making in many cancers. It helps to reduce unnecessary treatments and their potential side effects, to improve the quality of life of patients and to reduce the treatment costs for the health care system. The medico-economic evaluation of RPDs used for PET/CT imaging in oncology, in addition to that of their diagnostic performances, seems essential in order to optimize their use. In France, this evaluation should be made from both perspectives of the health insurance and the hospital. Indeed, the PET/CT production costs can largely vary for the hospital according to the RPD costs and constitute a barrier to its use, even in a frequent indication for which diagnostic performances and impact on decision making are high
Costes, Nicolas. "Neurotransmission sérotoninergique 5-HT1A : approche méthodologique de la mesure in vivo par le [18F]MPPF en tomographie par émission de positons." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180894.
Full textLes travaux contenus dans cette thèse comprennent : i/ une expérience de modélisation compartimentale des échanges in vivo entre le ligand et son récepteur soutenue par une étude chez un échantillon réduit d'hommes sains dans un protocole TEP multi-injection de [18F]MPPF, ii/ la recherche et la validation d'un protocole de modélisation simplifiée grâce à la connaissance du modèle complexe élaboré dans l'expérimentation multi-injection, iii/ la réalisation d'une base de données normative du marquage des récepteur 5HT1A par le [18F]MPPF dans le cas sain, chez les hommes et les femmes au cours de la vie adulte, IV/ la réalisation d'un étude TEP test-retest pour la connaissance de la reproductibilité de la mesure au [18F]MPPF, V/ la constitution d'une base de données simulées par la méthode de Monte-Carlo pour le développement et la validation des outils de correction et d'exploitation de la mesure quantitative de la fixation du traceur.
La base simulée est utilisée pour la mise au point de méthodes de correction (effet de volume partiel) ou de détection (libération de sérotonine endogène).
L'application des travaux expérimentaux est exposée dans le contexte d'une utilisation de cette mesure quantitative à l'usage de la recherche clinique.
Ce travail constitue une phase importante dans le développement d'un traceur : il se situe à l'interface entre les expérimentations biologiques sur l'animal et l'utilisation du traceur TEP dans un examen chez l'Homme.
Nalis, Julia. "Synchronisation respiratoire en tomographie par émission de positions couplée à un tomodensitomètre : étude des paramètres d'acquisition et comparaison de deux systèmes de synchronisation." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/674/.
Full textIt is now widely admitted that Positron Emission Tomography has a major interest in oncology for disease follow-up and particularly if treatment efficacy evaluation is needed. Thus, signal quantification has to be as accurate as possible. However, PET detected signal is subject to different bias, one of which is a blur effect due to respiratory movements. Respiratory gated acquisitions are called "4D imaging" and this technique is the topic of this work. In a first time, an experimental assembly was developed to study parameters impacting 4D PET data acquisition. The first result was the validation of list mode acquisition mode. Secondly, application field of 4D imaging was determined: our conclusion is that gated acquisitions are required when structure of interest displacement is superior to its larger radius. In a second part, two rival respiratory synchronization devices were compared: the SpiroDynr'X and the RPM(r) system. We demonstrated that 4D PET images obtained using SpiroDynr'X lead to a similar or better quantification accuracy and volume determination than data gated with the RPM(r) device. Finally, we defined a 4D PET routine acquisition protocol which will be used for a clinical trial
Roman, Jimenez Geoffrey. "Analyse des images de tomographie par émission de positons pour la prédiction de récidive du cancer du col de l'utérus." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S037/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the issue of predicting the recurrence within the context of cervical cancer radiotherapy. The objective was to analyze positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) to extract quantitative parameters that could show statistical correlation with tumor recurrence. Six study were performed to address 18F-FDG PET imaging issues such as the presence of bladder uptake artifacts, tumor segmentation impact, as well as the analysis of tumor evolution along the treatment. Statistical analyses were performed among parameters reflecting intensity, shape and texture of the tumor metabolism before, and during treatment. Results show that the pre-treatment metabolic tumor volume and the per-treatment total lesion glycolysis are the most promising parameters for cervical cancer recurrence prediction. In addition, combinations of these parameters with shape descriptors and texture features, using machine-learning methods or regression models, are able to increase the prediction capability
Garali, Imène. "Aide au diagnostic de la maladie d’Alzheimer par des techniques de sélection d’attributs pertinents dans des images cérébrales fonctionnelles obtenues par tomographie par émission de positons au 18FDG." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4364/document.
Full textOur research focuses on presenting a novel computer-aided diagnosis technique for brain Positrons Emission Tomography (PET) images. It processes and analyzes quantitatively these images, in order to better characterize and extract meaningful information for medical diagnosis. Our contribution is to present a new method of classifying brain 18 FDG PET images. Brain images are first segmented into 116 Regions Of Interest (ROI) using an atlas. After computing some statistical features (mean, standarddeviation, skewness, kurtosis and entropy) on these regions’ histogram, we defined a Separation Power Factor (SPF) associated to each region. This factor quantifies the ability of each region to separate neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease from Healthy Control (HC) brain images. A novel region-based approach is developed to classify brain 18FDG-PET images. The motivation of this work is to identify the best regional features for separating HC from AD patients, in order to reduce the number of features required to achieve an acceptable classification result while reducing computational time required for the classification task
Cornilleau, Thomas. "Développement de nouvelles molécules plateformes pour le marquage par du monoxyde de carbone : applications en imagerie par Tomographie d'Emission de Positions (TEP) et imagerie bimodale TEP/optique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0146/document.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is a powerful molecular-imaging technique for physiological andbiological investigations in various areas. Due to the increasing need of this technique for in vivoapplications, there is always a demand for the development of new tracers and radiolabelingstrategies. In this context an original method was developed to introduce the 11C-radioisotope for thelabeling of bioconjugated compounds. The extremely mild conditions of this intramolecular Pdcatalyzedalcoxycarbonylation allowed to label these structures in the last step of the synthesis.Diversification of the available precursors was investigated by a novel biaryl cross coupling using goldcatalisis under photoredox conditions. Finally, preliminary studies for the functionalization of BODIPYcores were realized to obtain innovative bimodal probes
Lemonnier, Irawati. "Stratégies diagnostiques et qualité de vie en oncologie bronchopulmonaire - Programme d'évaluation de la TEP dans l'inter-région Grand-Est." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10001/document.
Full textBackground: The Positron Emission Tomography was installed in 2003 in the North-eastern region of France. Previous studies showed its diagnostic performance and its benefices in avoiding: surgical exploratory interventions proved to be unnecessary a posteriori (for example, thoracotomy or laparotomy with painful consequences), and certain complementary imaging tests or unnecessary functional explorations. Objectives : 1) to evaluate changes in diagnostic strategies of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) induced by the implantation of PET in the Northeastern region of France ; 2) to mesure the impact of these changes on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with SPN and NSCLC; and 3) to study the prognostic role of the HRQoL on the survival of patients with NSCLC.Methodes: An observational, prospective, multi-center design was applied. Two cohorts « Before (2001 - 2002) - After (2004 - 2005) » the PET implantation in the regions were settled up. Data collected included: patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the diagnostic tests and then treatments that were carried out during 6 months after the end of the diagnostic process. Two HRQoL questionnaires (the generic questionnaire SF-36 and the cancer specific one QLQ-C30) were distributed at 3 and 6 months after the end of the diagnostic process.Results:1) The number of diagnostic tests of patients with SPN decreased significantly from a mean of 4 in the before-PET to 3 tests in the after-PET period. Meanwhile, there was not any difference of the frequency of invasive tests considered unnecessary aposteriori for patients with benign SPN (47% before-PET versus 49% after-PET period). One year after its installation, the PET was used in 11 % of diagnostic strategies. In 7.7% of cases it was used after the bronchoscopy. 2) A comparison of the QoL with that of the French general population revealed that patients with SPN, whatever the diagnosis, benign or malignant, had worse mean scores (-8 to -32 points, p<0.001) compared to the general population with similar age and sex. A difference of 24, 30 and 32 points were observed in the "physical functioning", "emotional role" and "physical role" (p<0.001). The scores of patients with benign nodule were higher than those of malignant, especially on "social functioning", "physical role", and "emotional role" (+10, +14 and +18 points respectively, p=0.02 to 0.04). 3) Good scores on "physical functioning" of SF-36 (HR=0.78; CI=0.68 - 0.90; p<0.001) as well as "role functioning" of QLQ-C30 (HR=0.53; CI=0.59 - 0.89; p=0.003) were related to a better survival. Higher symptoms of constipation (HR=1.18; CI=1.005-1.38; p=0.04) in QLQ-C30 were associated to a worse one. While being a woman was associated to a better survival (HR=0.55 ; CI=0,33 - 0,94 ; p=0,04), the stage III and IV of the NSCLC was related to a lower one (HR=1,72 ; CI=1,16 ? 2,57 ; p=0,007) .Conclusion: The diagnostic strategies of SPN changed after PET was available for medical practice. This study showed the negative impact of SPN to patients' HRQoL. It indicates the domains in which health practitioners could interfere in order to improve the management of these diseases, because this study confirmed previous studies in pulmonary oncology, that patients' QoL is related to the survival
Giffard, Cyrille. "Physiopathologie de l'ischémie cérébrale focale prolongée chez le babouin anesthésié, étudiée au moyen de la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) et de radiotraceur de la perfusion, du métabolisme et des récepteurs neuronaux." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2064.
Full textCiappuccini, Renaud. "Apport de l'imagerie fonctionnelle par TEMP/TDM et TEP/TDM dans la prise en charge des cancers différenciés de la thyroïde Incremental Value of a Dedicated Head and Neck Acquisition during 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Full text links full-text provider logo Actions Favorites Share Page navigation Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Figures Similar articles Cited by References Related information LinkOut - more resources EJNMMI Res . 2018 Dec 3;8(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13550-018-0461-x. Optimization of a dedicated protocol using a small-voxel PSF reconstruction for head-and-neck 18 FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer 78 Lymph node involvement in head-and-neck and thyroid cancers with digital PET/CT: the impact of ultra-high definition voxels and point-spread function Tumor burden of persistent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: correlation with postoperative risk-stratification and impact on outcome 133 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT is a highly sensitive but poorly specific tool for identifying malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: The Chocolate study PSMA expression in neovasculature of persistent/recurrent differentiated thyroid cancerin the neck: relationship with radioiodine uptake, 18Fluorodeoxyglucose avidity and outcome." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC424.
Full textRadioiodine (131I) and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) are two radiopharmaceuticals used for scintigraphic imaging in differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). Tumour uptake of each tracer depends on tumour differentiation and aggressiveness. Our goal was to further assess various technical aspects in DTC imaging workup, such as SPECT/CT and PET/CT, point-spread function (PSF), voxel size, digital PET, and to explore further other PET tracers. The aim of the first part was to assess the performance of 18FDG PET/CT for the detection of neck lymph node involvement. A dedicated PET/CT acquisition improved tumour detection compared to the whole-body acquisition. PSF reconstruction allowed detection of smaller cancer deposits and the optimal acquisition duration time was assessed. Using digital PET acquisitions, ultra-thin voxels reconstructions were performed. The impact of ultra-thin voxels and PSF on quantitative values was evaluated. The second part focused on 131I-SPECT/CT and 18FDG-PET/CT imaging, in an attempt to assess tumour burden of persistent disease. Tumor burden was correlated with the postoperative risk and affected the response to therapy. In the third part, another PET tracer, i.e. 18-Fluorocholine (FCH), and a marker of neovasculature, i.e. prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), were studied. FCH PET/CT offered high negative predictive value to reliably exclude cancer in PET-negative nodules with indeterminate cytology and might prevent unnecessary surgeries. Also, PSMA expression assessed with immunohistochemistry was associated with poor prognosis factors. Further studies are needed to confirm new insights of FCH PET and 68Ga-PSMA PET in DTC
Merlin, Thibaut. "Reconstruction 4D intégrant la modélisation pharmacocinétique du radiotraceur en imagerie fonctionnelle combinée TEP/TDM." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22111/document.
Full textPositron emission tomography (PET) is now considered as the gold standard and the main tool for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of oncology patients, especially due to its quantitative aspects. With the advent of multimodal imaging in combined PET and X-ray CT systems, many methodological developments have been proposed in both pre-processing and data acquisition, image reconstruction, as well as post-processing in order to improve the quantification in PET imaging. Another important aspect of PET imaging is its high temporal resolution and ability to perform dynamic acquisitions, benefiting from the high sensitivity achieved with current systems. PET imaging allows measuring and visualizing changes in the biological distribution of radiopharmaceuticals within the organ of interest over time. This time tracking provides valuable information to physicians on underlying metabolic and physiological processes, which can be extracted using pharmacokinetic modeling. The objective of this project is, by taking advantage of dynamic data in PET/CT imaging, to develop a reconstruction method combining in a single process all the correction methodology required to accurately quantify PET data and, at the same time, include a pharmacokinetic model within the reconstruction in order to create parametric images for applications in oncology. In a first step, a partial volume effect correction methodology integrating, within the reconstruction process, the Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm associated with a wavelet-based denoising method has been introduced. A second study focused on the development of a 4D reconstruction methodology performing temporal regularization of the dataset through a set of temporal basis functions, associated with a respiratory motion correction method based on an elastic deformation model. Finally, in a third step, the Patlak kinetic model has been integrated in a dynamic image reconstruction algorithm and associated with the respiratory motion correction methodology in order to allow the direct reconstruction of parametric images from dynamic thoracic datasets affected by the respiratory motion. The elastic transformation parameters derived for the motion correction have been estimated from respiratory-gated PET images according to the amplitude of the patient respiratory cycle. Monte-carlo simulations of two phantoms, a 4D geometrical phantom, and the anthropomorphic NCAT phantom integrating realistic time activity curves for the different tissues, have been performed in order to compare the performances of the proposed 4D parametric reconstruction algorithm with a standard 3D kinetic analysis approach. The proposed algorithm has then been assessed on clinical datasets of several patients with non small cell lung carcinoma. Finally, following the prior validation of the partial volume effect correction algorithm on one hand, and the 4D reconstruction incorporating the temporal regularization on the other hand, on simulated and clinical datasets, these two methodologies have been associated within the 4D reconstruction algorithm in order to optimize the estimation of image derived input functions. The results of this work show that the proposed direct parametric approach allows to maintain a similar noise level in the tumor regions when the statistic decreases, contrary to the 3D estimation approach for which the observed noise level increases. This result suggests interesting perspectives for the reduction of frame duration reduction of 4D reconstruction, allowing a reduction of the total 4D acquisition duration. In addition, the use of input function estimated with the developed temporal regularization methods led to the improvement of the Patlak parameters estimation. Finally, the elastic respiratory motion correction led to a diminution of the estimation bias of both Patlak parameters, in particular for small lesions located in regions affected by the respiratory motion