Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tomographie volumique à faisceau conique'
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Evain, Timothée. "Nouvelles méthodes de segmentation en imagerie tomographique volumique à faisceau conique dentaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0066.
Full textCone-Beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the new standard imaging method for dental practitioners. The image processing field of CBCT data is still underdeveloped due to the novelty of the method and its specificities compared to traditional CT. With Carestream Dental as industrial partner, the first part of this work is a new semi-automatic segmentation protocol for teeth, based on shape and intensity constraints, through a graph-cut optimization of an energy formulation. Results show a good quality of segmentation with an average Dice coefficient of 0.958. A fully functional implementation of the algorithm has led to a software available for dentists, taking into account the clinical context leading to temporal and technical difficulties. A preliminary extension to multi-objects segmentation showed the necessity to get more stringent shape constraints as well as a better optimization algorithm to get acceptable computation times. The second part of this thesis, more prospective, is about the creation of a structural model of the maxillo-facial space, to formalize the a priori knowledge on organs and theirs spatial relations. This model is a conceptual graph where structures and relationships are seen as concepts. In particular, the spatial relations “Along” and “Aligned”, modeled in a fuzzy set framework, have been extended to 3D objects
Evain, Timothée. "Nouvelles méthodes de segmentation en imagerie tomographique volumique à faisceau conique dentaire." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0066/document.
Full textCone-Beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the new standard imaging method for dental practitioners. The image processing field of CBCT data is still underdeveloped due to the novelty of the method and its specificities compared to traditional CT. With Carestream Dental as industrial partner, the first part of this work is a new semi-automatic segmentation protocol for teeth, based on shape and intensity constraints, through a graph-cut optimization of an energy formulation. Results show a good quality of segmentation with an average Dice coefficient of 0.958. A fully functional implementation of the algorithm has led to a software available for dentists, taking into account the clinical context leading to temporal and technical difficulties. A preliminary extension to multi-objects segmentation showed the necessity to get more stringent shape constraints as well as a better optimization algorithm to get acceptable computation times. The second part of this thesis, more prospective, is about the creation of a structural model of the maxillo-facial space, to formalize the a priori knowledge on organs and theirs spatial relations. This model is a conceptual graph where structures and relationships are seen as concepts. In particular, the spatial relations “Along” and “Aligned”, modeled in a fuzzy set framework, have been extended to 3D objects
Mascolo-Fortin, Julia. "Implantation d'un algorithme de reconstruction itératif 4D en tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27473.
Full textCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is currently used to visualize patients directly in the treatment room. However, the respiratory movement is still hardly taken into account and new developments could improve the precision of treatment. To this end, obtaining a film imaging movements in the region of interest would be beneficial. This master’s thesis presents the development of a reconstruction algorithm for 4D CBCT which seeks to respond to particular clinical needs, namely sufficient image quality, clinical implementation simplicity and high computational speed. The developed 4D algorithm is based on the ordered subsets convex iterative algorithm combined with the total variation minimization regularization technique. This method was chosen for its fast execution time, enabled by the use of subsets and the parallelization on GPU, and for its capability to reduce streaking artifacts, common on 4D imaging, enabled by the total variation regularization. The method developed to reconstruct a 4D image from standard CBCT scans employed the Amsterdam Shroud algorithm to deduce respiratory movement of a CBCT projections’ set. Its validation was performed on a numerical phantom and on clinical datasets. Results demonstrate the potential of the algorithm, since an image with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution was reconstructed in less than 5 minutes. Such computational times can be compared favorably with other available methods and could allow for online applications.
Matenine, Dmitri. "Conception et évaluation d'un nouvel algorithme de reconstruction itérative en tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique implanté sur matériel graphique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28171.
Full textThis thesis relates to the field of medical physics, in particular, three-dimensional (3D) imaging and 3D dosimetry for radiotherapy. The global purpose of the work was to design and evaluate a new fast iterative reconstruction algorithm for cone beam computed tomography (CT), an imaging technique used to create 3D maps of subject densities based on measurements of partial attenuation of a radiation beam. This algorithm was implemented for graphics processing units (GPU), a highly parallel computing platform, resulting in original optimization strategies. First, a new iterative regularized statistical method, dubbed OSC-TV, was designed and implemented for the GPU. It was evaluated on synthetic and clinical X ray cone beam CT data. The proposed algorithm yielded improved image quality in comparison with similar methods for low-dose acquisitions, as well as reconstruction times compatible with the clinical workflow. The main impact of this work is the capacity to reduce ionizing radiation dose to the patient by a factor of two to four, when compared to standard imaging protocols. Second, this algorithm was evaluated on experimental data from a cone beam optical tomography device, yielding one of the first studies of this kind. The spatial resolution of the resulting 3D images was improved, while the noise was reduced. The spectral properties of the light source were shown to be a key factor to take into consideration to ensure accurate density quantification. The main impact of the study was the demonstration of the superiority of iterative reconstruction for data affected by aberrations proper to cone beam optical tomography, resulting in a potential to improve 3D radiochromic gel dosimetry in radiotherapy. Third, different methods to handle an exact thin-ray system matrix were evaluated for the cone beam CT geometry. Using a GPU implementation, a fully pre-computed and stored system matrix yielded the fastest reconstructions, while being less flexible in terms of possible CT geometries, due to limited GPU memory capacity. On-the-fly ray-tracing was shown to be most flexible, while still yielding reasonable reconstruction times. Overall, the three studies resulted in the design and evaluation of the proposed reconstruction method for two tomographic modalities, as well as a comparison of the system matrix handling methods.
Aubry, Jean-François. "Calcul de dose avec images de tomographie à faisceau mégavoltage conique pour le développement de la radiothérapie guidée par la dose." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26092/26092.pdf.
Full textMaret-Comtesse, Delphine. "Morphométrie haute résolution des germes dentaires : évaluation du Cone Beam CT en tant qu'outil de mesure." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1075/.
Full textOdontology can be of great help in determining the age of an individual. With the growth and development of three-dimensional imaging, it has become possible to include measurements such as volumetric data, which give a better grasp of the continuous process of tooth mineralization. The aim of this work is to evaluate the new technique, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) by comparing it with the reference method, micro computed tomography (micro-CT). The analysis sample comprised 120 permanent teeth. The tooth volumes obtained by CBCT and micro-CT acquisitions were similar (no statistically significant difference, Passing-Bablok method). The Bland and Altman method did not show any differences graphically, in spite of the tooth volumes being slightly underestimated by CBCT compared with micro-CT. A comparison of the three-dimensional reconstruction differences did not show areas of systematic errors. This microstructural approach to teeth through CBCT acquisitions opens up perspectives in two principal fields: forensic medicine, for methods of estimating the age of a subject, and clinical medicine, for the study of tooth morphology
Vallaeys, Karen. "Exploitation des données endodontiques en tomographie volumique : de la microtomographie in vitro à la scanographie in vivo." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0144/document.
Full textCone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) is a highly relevant three-dimensional imaging technology for use in dentistry. Our work aims to show its interests and specific applications in endodontics. After having redefined the possible deleterious per and post-operative consequences of endodontic treatments and explained the principles of CBCT, we first explore the effects of in vitro canal preparation, using high resolution microtomography and then, in a second time, the problematic and the interests of the creation of reliable and precise three-dimensional reconstructions. This last part deals with the notions of CBCT image processing before explaining the approach adopted to develop a three-dimensional classification of endodontic periapical lesions in digital and physical form
Fillion, Olivier. "L'utilisation du recalage déformable d'images CT sur CBCT dans le but de générer des contours du jour et d'améliorer le cumul de dose avec image du jour." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27335.
Full textSaucier, Marie Annie. "Développement d'un outil de simulation par Monte Carlo du rayonnement diffusé en tomodensitométrie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31391.
Full textThe goal of this project is to develop an application to correct the scattered radiation in a cone beam computed tomography scan (CBCT). A Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the scattered radiation which is a numerical replication of a CBCT acquisition. This project has been divided into two sections : the validation of the physics for this specific application and the development of the application. The validation consisted in reproducing the results obtained with Geant4 in GPUMCD. Geant4 is the reference platform and GPUMCD is the platform studied. Both are Monte Carlo simulators of the passage of particles through matter.The elements studied are the cross sections, the materials, the Rayleigh scattering algorithm and the Compton scattering algorithm. Although some errors are still present, a great improvement of the results between GPUMCD and Geant4 was obtained. The difference between the two simulations was greater than 100 % for complex geometries and dropped below 10% after corrections of the physics. In addition, it was possible to identify some other problems such as a theoretical difference in the Compton scattering algorithms. Regarding the second part of the project, although the correction could not be implemented in a reconstruction, all elements are present to estimate the scattered radiation for an actual CBCT reconstruction. The parameters and strategies studied in order to optimize the computation time while maintaining the accuracy of the results are : ray tracing, Gaussian smoothing of scattered radiation, reduction of the number of pixels on the detector, interpolation of between the simulated projections, symmetry and reduction of number of voxels in the patient. In addition, considering a correction of high quality is 2 % error and less per implemented strategy, a simulation time of less than 2 minutes is obtained. For a low quality simulation (5% error and less per parameter), a simulation time of less than 15 seconds per simulation was obtained. Those are clinically acceptable simulation times.
Zhu, François. "Évaluation d’outils de post traitement en angiographie 3D pour les traitements endovasculaires en neuroradiologie interventionnelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0061.
Full textProgress in interventional neuroradiology is continually advancing due to advancements in endovascular materials and angiography facilities enabling 3D angiography. Despite its effectiveness in analyzing central nervous system vascular pathologies, the therapeutic potential of 3D angiography remains largely untapped. Tailored post-treatment tools are necessary to address the unique anatomical and clinical aspects of each case in endovascular interventions. This study assesses innovative post-treatment tools for 3D angiography in interventional neuroradiology, comparing them with conventional methods across various neurovascular pathologies. Additionally, our angiography facilities allow for Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), which could emerge as a standalone diagnostic modality for early detection of neurovascular pathologies, potentially replacing MRI or CT, especially in acute ischemic stroke management.Conventional angiographic imaging often struggles to adequately visualize endovascular devices due to their size and composition. Dual acquisition post-treatment tools offer enhanced device visibility and better detection of potential complications. Furthermore, advancements in 3D navigation enhance precision and safety during endovascular procedures, reducing X-ray exposure time and the need for repetitive contrast agent injections. Lastly, a multimodal approach integrating 3D angiography, the gold standard in vascular assessment, with MRI, the primary modality for parenchymal evaluation, promises a deeper understanding of the interplay between cerebral vascular pathologies and their impact on surrounding tissues, particularly the vascular wall and cerebral parenchyma
Boydev, Christine. "Segmentation automatique des images de tomographie conique pour la radiothérapie de la prostate." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0030/document.
Full textThe use of CBCT imaging for image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and beyond that, image-guided adaptive radiation therapy (IGART), in the context of prostate cancer is challenging due to the poor contrast and high noise in pelvic CBCT images. The principal aim of the thesis is to provide methodological contributions for automatic intra-patient image registration between the planning CT scan and the treatment CBCT scan. The first part of our contributions concerns the development of a CBCT-based prostate setup correction strategy using CT-to-CBCT rigid registration (RR). We established a comparison between different RR algorithms: (a) global RR, (b) bony RR, and (c) bony RR refined by a local RR using the prostate CTV in the CT scan expanded with 1- to-20-mm varying margins. A comprehensive statistical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative results was carried out using the whole dataset composed of 115 daily CBCT scans and 10 planning CT scans from 10 prostate cancer patients. We also defined a novel practical method to automatically estimate rectal distension occurred in the vicinity of the prostate between the CT and the CBCT scans. Using our measure of rectal distension, we evaluated the impact of rectal distension on the quality of local RR and we provided a way to predict registration failure. On this basis, we derived recommendations for clinical practice for the use of automatic RR for prostate localization on CBCT scans. The second part of the thesis provides a methodological development of a new joint segmentation and deformable registration framework. To deal with the poor contrast-to-noise ratio in CBCT images likely to misguide registration, we conceived a new metric (or enery) which included two terms: a global similarity term (the normalized cross correlation (NCC) was used, but any other one could be used instead) and a segmentation term based on a localized adaptation of the piecewise-constant region-based model of Chan-Vese using an evolving contour in the CBCT image. Our principal aim was to improve the accuracy of the registration compared with an ordinary NCC metric. Our registration algorithm is fully automatic and takes as inputs (1) the planning CT image, (2) the daily CBCT image and (3) the binary image associated with the CT image and corresponding to the organ of interest we want to segment in the CBCT image in the course of the registration process
Michetti, Jérôme. "Segmentation endodontique sur des images scanner 3D : méthodes et validation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30186.
Full textIn dental offices, endodontic or root canal treatments are daily performed (over 6 million treatments per year in France). A good knowledge of the root canal anatomy (inside of the tooth or pulp) is an indispensable prerequisite for ensuring the success of root canal treatment. To understand and overpass common morphological variations which are potential source of failures during the treatment, two-dimensional (2D) intra buccal radiography can help dental surgeons. However, distortion, anatomical compression and neighboring anatomical structures superposition reduce image quality and do not allow an accurate qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the root canal anatomy. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) available in dental offices might be an alternative by providing 3D reconstructions of dento-maxillofacial structures. But the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of dental CBCT devices in identifying root canal anatomy is necessary to justify their indication in endodontic treatment. Indeed, root canal segmentation on (CBCT) images is difficult because of the noise level, resolution limitations, and to the difficulty to validate results. To help dental surgeons in root canal treatment, this thesis aims at providing image processing methods in order to develop segmentation and visualization methods of the inside of the teeth. To begin with, we have introduced the root canal morphology, the different rules of the root canal treatment and described technical specifications of CBCT devices. We also investigated existing techniques and methods to explore quantitatively root canal anatomy on high resolution microcomputed tomography (µCT) images. Afterwards, we proposed a method to evaluate CBCT endodontic segmentation results by comparing with equivalent µCT data. To validate this method and to test endodontic segmentation on CBCT images, we developed a local adaptive thresholding and evaluated results on extracted teeth. To ensure validation on image quality similar to in vivo condition (quality reduced by anatomical structures in and out of the field of view), we designed and validated a periodontal phantom which are made around extracted teeth and allowing to preserve comparison with the ground truth providing by the µCT. At the end of the thesis, we evocated our perspectives based on deep learning and our first results to compensate image quality reduction in order to test endodontic segmentation in clinical condition
Isambert, Aurélie. "Contrôle de qualité et optimisation de l'acquisition des données en imagerie multimodale pour la radiothérapie externe." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T006.
Full textSavanier, Marion. "Iterative fixed point methods for image reconstruction in C-arm Cone Beam CT." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST130.
Full textX-ray tomographic imaging, known as CT scanning, is available in clinical diagnostic routines thanks to the scanner. CT scanners allow precise differentiation of human tissues. However, these performances are obtained by technical choices incompatible with interventional use where the imaging system must not prevent access to the patient. Interventional X-ray C-arms have thus been equipped with an alternative tomographic technology: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). CBCT offers high spatial resolution for vessel imaging but remains limited for low contrast visualization, especially in the presence of injected contrast media and metallic therapeutic objects always under-sampled during the acquisition. Simplified acquisitions that are more dose-saving and faster, obtained by reducing the angular amplitude covered by the measurements or the number of measurements, are desirable but exacerbate under-sampling issues.The problem of reconstructing an anatomical region from projections can be efficiently solved by minimizing a cost function that compensates for under-sampling through a priori information about the region to be reconstructed. The minimization can be performed by an iterative algorithm built on a fixed point scheme. Four essential components in iterative methods are (i) the choice of the data fidelity, (ii) the regularization, and (iii) the discretization of the linear operators involved in these two terms (e.g., the projector and its adjoint, the backprojector), and (iv), the choice of the iterative algorithm. In practice, these methods are not used in a framework ensuring their convergence. In this thesis, we propose methodological contributions leading to iterative reconstruction methods that are theoretically convergent and applicable to acquisitions for interventional radiology.To achieve this objective, we extend the convergence conditions of a set of proximal algorithms when the projector adjoint is replaced by another operator, such as the voxel-driven backprojector often used in analytical reconstruction.One of the motivations for this change is the lack of management of sampling variations by the classical projector based on linear interpolation. The convergence of the algorithms is proved under conditions based on the cocoercivity of some linear operators.We then show that the modeling of sampling variations in an interpolation scheme allows for the derivation of an accurate discretization of the projector and the backprojector. Starting from an existing resampling algorithm for image enlargement, we design new projectors and backprojectors adapted to the cone-beam geometry with a flat detector, with different accuracy and speed trade-offs.Next, we propose an iterative method for reconstructing percutaneous needles from acquisitions with limited angular amplitude. We adopt a volume decomposition strategy associated with different directional regularization terms for each component and thus reconstruct an anatomical background on which the needles are superimposed.Finally, we propose a new regularized formulation for reconstructing an anatomical region from low angular density acquisitions. The combination of a robust data fidelity term with a total variation regularization limits artifacts from intense objects present in the projections but out of the reconstruction grid. To reach an accurate and fast reconstruction, we exploit recent advances in deep learning to propose an iterative unfolded algorithm allowing supervised learning of the problem parameters in a limited number of iterations. We show that a better reconstruction is obtained by learning the adjoint of the linear operators in the regularization term
Barateau, Anaïs. "Calcul de dose à partir d'images CBCT et IRM en radiothérapie externe." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B064.
Full textStandard external beam radiotherapy is based on a planning computed tomography (CT) scan. This CT provides electron densities required for dose calculation. 3D imaging such as cone beam CT (CBCT), MV-CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are acquired just before irradiation for target volume registration. These images could be used to quantify dosimetric impact of anatomical variations occurring during the treatment course. The objective of the thesis was to develop, evaluate and compare CBCT-based and MRI-based dose calculation methods, in a dose-guided adaptive radiotherapy perspective. For head-and-neck CBCT-based dose calculation, a deep learning method was compared to three other methods from literature. For prostate MRI-based dose calculation, nine methods including an atlas-based, a patch-based and deep learning methods with different architectures were compared. Moreover, dosimetric benefits of adaptive radiotherapy strategies (offline for head-and-neck and plan treatment library for cervix) were evaluated. To generate pseudo-CT from CBCT or MRI, deep learning methods are promising, since they are fast and accurate. These methods can be used for a dose monitoring during treatment course in an adaptive radiotherapy process
Peinke, Isabel. "Étude à micro-échelle du test de pénétration du cône dans la neige." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30159.
Full textPrecise knowledge of the snowpack stratigraphy is crucial for different applications such as avalanche forecasting, predicting the water runoff, or estimating the Earth energy budget. The cone penetration test, which consists of recording the force required to make a cone penetrate the material of interest, is widely used to measure in situ snow profiles. The ramsonde developed in the 1930's was continuously improved into highly-resolved digital snow penetrometers. In particular, the SnowMicroPenetrometer measures the snow penetration resistance at constant speed with a vertical resolution of four microns. The force fluctuations measured at such a resolution contain information about the snow microstructure, which is essential to complete the knowledge of the mean hardness of each snow layer. Nevertheless, the link between the measured hardness profile and the snow microstructure is not yet fully understood. Indeed, existing inversion models neglect obvious interactions between the cone tip and the snow, such as the formation of a compaction zone, and have only been evaluated through empirical relations to macroscopic properties. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the interaction between the cone and the snow at a microscopic scale using X-ray tomography in order to better invert the hardness profiles into microstructural properties. In this work, we analyze cone penetration tests of a few centimeters and thus the measured profiles contain a non negligible transient part due to the progressive formation of a compaction zone. In order to explicitly account for this process in the inversion model, we successfully developed a non-homogeneous Poisson shot noise model which considers a depth dependency of the rupture occurrence rate. We used this model to characterize snow sintering with cone penetration tests under controlled cold-lab conditions. According to the model, the vertical heterogeneity of hardness profiles was due to variations of the rupture occurrence rate, while the time evolution of the macroscopic force was controlled by bond strengthening. This partition is consistent with the expected sintering processes and provides an indirect validation of the proposed model. The second part of the thesis consists of cold-lab experiments combining cone penetration tests and X-ray tomography. High resolution three dimensional images of the snow sample before and after the cone test were measured. On these images, a novel tracking algorithm was applied to determine granular displacements induced by the test. We precisely quantified the size of the compaction zone and its relation to the snow characteristics. Furthermore, we showed that the observed vertical displacements challenge the use of standard cavity expansion models as inversion models. Finally, we linked the microstructural properties obtained from tomography, such as the bond size or the number of failed bonds, to properties derived from hardness profiles. We showed that the properties estimated from cone penetration tests are proxies of the snow microstructure, but remain too conceptual to expect a straightforward relation. In the future, these studies should make it possible to derive in an objective way the stratigraphy of the snowpack from a simple and fast field measurement
Lemammer, Imane. "Calibration en ligne d'un C-arm mobile à l'aide de capteurs inertiels pour des applications en CBCT." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT039.
Full textCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is more accurate than conventional radiography with less radiation exposure doses. Hence, it is a very useful complementary tool for diagnosis and surgery planning. Despite the increasing popularity of CBCT, it is mainly restricted to major surgery as it requires the use of expensive and bulky angiography systems which are specially designed to allow 3D tomography. One idea to generalize the use of CBCT to minor surgery - in orthopedics and traumatology for example - would be to introduce it on the most widely used tool for X-ray imaging: the mobile C-arm.Volume reconstruction algorithms require a very precise knowledge of the imaging geometry. Unfortunately, due to mechanical instabilities which lead to non-reproducible motions from run to run mobile C-arms are incompatible with existing tomography algorithms. Therefore, a precise C-arm on-line calibration is essential in order to achieve an accurate volume reconstruction. Existing calibration techniques do not meet these specifications. They are either not precise enough, invasive or involve a major change in the process of performing surgical acts. Therefore, we present a new on-line calibration method for mobile C-arms in order to achieve CBCT. It is based on tracking the detector and the X-ray source of the C-arm and aims to be precise and non-invasive.In order to address this issue, we will discuss two items: The first is the construction of a calibration algorithm: the idea is to estimate the position and the orientation of the detector and the X-ray source of the C-arm using inertial measurements, appropriate kinematic models, and a fitting estimator (Kalman filter and smoother). The second item is the propagation of pose estimation errors to 2D projections and to 3D reconstructions. Thus, we can evaluate the impact of the estimation errors on the reconstruction quality.This thesis also describes two experimental setups which allowed us to test and validate the proposed calibration algorithm. The first tracking experiments were carried out on a rotated-arm. It is a simple motorized mock-up to simulate either the detector or the X-ray source of a mobile C-arm. The rotated-arm exhibits a good position and orientation repeatability. The second platform is a full-size modified mobile C-arm. It includes motorized orbital and axial rotations, mechanical end stops and sensors of different characteristics and accuracies. This second platform allows us to estimate the geometric calibration accuracy on realistic trajectories.During a continuous rotation of the experimental C-arm, we achieve a tracking error of 2 mm for positions and of 0.1° for orientation. These values are comparable with existing invasive calibration algorithms accuracies. The image quality of reconstructed CBCT using the proposed calibration algorithm was evaluated on the 2D projections within the detector plane and also on the 3D reconstruction images of various phantoms. The achieved orientation accuracy is sufficient for CBCT. The position accuracy seems not. However, it may be useful to present the resulting 3D reconstruction images to medical evaluation by a specialist to confirm these conclusions. It also appears that the parameters of C-arm's projective geometry which have the greatest impact on the 2D projections are the in-plane translations of the X-ray source and of the detector. Therefore, they are the most critical parameters to be efficiently tracked in order to avoid artifacts in the 3D volume reconstruction. Compared to in-plane translations, the out-plane translations and the orientation of the detector have little influence on the 2D projections
Diakité, Daouda. "High-level synthesis (HLS) on FPGA for inverse problems : application to tomography and radioastronomy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG080.
Full textThe increasing need for computing power imposed by the complexity of processing algorithms and the size of problems requires using hardware accelerators to meet time and energy constraints. FPGA architectures are known to be among the most power-efficient platforms, especially for embedded systems using hardware description languages. The appearance of the new high-level synthesis tools has been a major factor in the consideration of FPGAs for complex applications, as is the case with the manycores processors. The high-level synthesis tools generate a hardware description design from high-level languages such as C, C++, or OpenCL. The recent FPGAs are equipped with several floating-point computing units capable of meeting the precision requirements of a wide range of applications. However, exploiting the full potential of these architectures has always been a major concern. This thesis aims to explore methodologies for accelerating inverse problem algorithms on FPGA architectures through new high-level synthesis tools applied to tomographic reconstruction and radioastronomy. Indeed, many algorithms for these applications are memory-bound. A custom architecture derived from an algorithm-architecture co-design methodology has been proposed to overcome the memory bottleneck. We applied this methodology to the 3D back-projection operator in the context of iterative reconstruction. The 3D back-projector architecture takes advantage of a custom memory access strategy to reach a full computational throughput. Then we consider the parallelization of the complete optimization algorithm on FPGA. We also discuss the position of FPGAs in radio astronomy, particularly for the SKA pipeline imaging system
Chapdelaine, Camille. "Bayesian iterative reconstruction methods for 3D X-ray Computed Tomography." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS092/document.
Full textIn industry, 3D X-ray Computed Tomography aims at virtually imaging a volume in order to inspect its interior. The virtual volume is obtained thanks to a reconstruction algorithm based on projections of X-rays sent through the industrial part to inspect. In order to compensate uncertainties in the projections such as scattering or beam-hardening, which are cause of many artifacts in conventional filtered backprojection methods, iterative reconstruction methods bring further information by enforcing a prior model on the volume to reconstruct, and actually enhance the reconstruction quality. In this context, this thesis proposes new iterative reconstruction methods for the inspection of aeronautical parts made by SAFRAN group. In order to alleviate the computational cost due to repeated projection and backprojection operations which model the acquisition process, iterative reconstruction methods can take benefit from the use of high-parallel computing on Graphical Processor Unit (GPU). In this thesis, the implementation on GPU of several pairs of projector and backprojector is detailed. In particular, a new GPU implementation of the matched Separable Footprint pair is proposed. Since many of SAFRAN's industrial parts are piecewise-constant volumes, a Gauss-Markov-Potts prior model is introduced, from which a joint reconstruction and segmentation algorithm is derived. This algorithm is based on a Bayesian approach which enables to explain the role of each parameter. The actual polychromacy of X-rays, which is responsible for scattering and beam-hardening, is taken into account by proposing an error-splitting forward model. Combined with Gauss-Markov-Potts prior on the volume, this new forward model is experimentally shown to bring more accuracy and robustness. At last, the estimation of the uncertainties on the reconstruction is investigated by variational Bayesian approach. In order to have a reasonable computation time, it is highlighted that the use of a matched pair of projector and backprojector is necessary
Beguet, Florian. "Modélisation et description par graphes pour des formes géométriques complexes : application aux structures de l'oreille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0563.
Full textThis thesis work is divided into two parts and deals with the reconstruction and description of complex geometric shapes. The first part presents the development of a multi-structure reconstruction approach of volumetric data from deformable models. This approach is applied on volumes obtained by cone beam tomography for the reconstruction of structures of the inner ear and the ossicular chain. The user first positions a set of control points in the volume for each structure of the ear. The meshes are then iteratively reshaped in two steps: a segmentation step, which allows to find the limits of the structure in the volume; and a regularization step, which allows to maintain the general shape of the structure. Finally, the quality of the reconstructions, the reproducibility and the influence of the parameters are estimated and compared to the literature. The second part presents the development of a 3D shape analysis and comparison approach. It is based on the construction of a Reeb shape index graph that allows to characterize in a compact way both the geometry and the topology of the object. This graph is partitioned into several subgraphs to obtain a local description of the surface regions. The subgraphs of two similar surfaces are matched according to their similarity to perform the comparison. This approach is applied to the detection of malformation on the semicircular canals between a group of asymptomatic patients and a group of patients with scoliosis
Octave, Nadia. "La radiothérapie adaptative et guidée par imagerie avec la technologie Cone-Beam CT : mise en oeuvre en vue du traitement de la prostate." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30207/document.
Full textImaging is now fully integrated in the radiation therapy process. With on-board CBCT systems, tomography imaging allows not only patient positioning but also treatment planning adaptation with patient anatomy modifications, throughout the entire treatment. This is called adaptive radiation therapy, and is the main subject of this PhD thesis. During this work, we measured the repositioning accuracy of the system used. We also developed a treatment strategy using daily CBCT images and a personalized plan database to adapt treatment plan to patient anatomy. We found a way to select the daily treatment plan that shows superiority over operator selection. Then we also quantified the additional dose delivered while using this technique and the impact with regards to the risks added to patients. As a conclusion, with CBCT imaging, radiation therapy has entered an era where one can see what need to be treated, can treat what has been seen and can control what has been treated
Nguyen, Thi Thuy Nga. "Étude tridimensionnelle de l'os hyoïde et de ses relations avec les voies aériennes supérieures (VAS) : influences des paramètres biologiques et de la typologie faciale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0332/document.
Full textIn this study, variations of size, shape and position of the hyoid bone are analyzed with different biological parameters (age, sex, population) from Cone Beam CT and reconstitued radiographs of living people. The study sample includes 94 children and 83 adults from two populations French and Vietnamese. The results bring the first evidence of a differential growth of the hyoid bone between girls and boys in terms of magnitude and timing of bone changes. In adults, the fusion of the greater cornua with the hyoid body is involved in the dimensional changes of the bone but no significant influencing factor (like sex or population) for this biological process can be confirmed. Variations of dimension and shape of the hyoid bone between populations are identified. Within the study, a new morphological classification of the hyoid bone based on metric data is proposed. This classification distinguishes 6 categories of shape and constitutes a tool for studies of archaeological series. Significant correlations between dimensions and position of the hyoid bone and upper airways is observed, thus confirming their close mutual relationships, both anatomical and functional. All these parameters, analyzed in different facial types, show, however, a complex interaction that requires more research to refine the results
Nazarova, Cherriere Marfa. "Wettability study through x-ray micro-ct pore space imaging in eor applied to lsb recovery process." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3030/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study rock wettability change effects caused by Low Salinity brine injection as tertiary recovery method. To identify the underlying mechanism or mechanisms of additional oil recovery X-Ray imaging technology was applied. We have also imaged the end-Point saturations of filled by brine and water core samples. Once the primary drainage is realized we carried out two phases imbibitions: with high salinity brine (waterflooding) and with low salinity brine (tertiary recovery mode). The wettability analysis at pore scale permitted to put in evidence the thermal and saline effects playing a decisive role in rock wettability. We have showed wettability changes are not caused by only electrical double layer expansion, however wettability changes was shown. These changes are explained by wettability transition of second order and observed not only for oil droplet on brine, but also for oil deposited on glass substrate. Finally, the pore space wettability needs to be evidenced at sub-Micrometric scale that is new for the petroleum domain
Liu, Yang. "‘Tri-3D’ electron microscopy tomography by FIB, SEM and TEM : Application to polymer nanocomposites." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0076/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the characterization and quantification of the 3D distribution of different types of fillers (nanoparticles, nanotubes, etc.) in polymer matrices. We have essentially used tomography techniques in electron microscopy. Multiple approaches to electron tomography were performed: FIB-SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope) tomography, SEM tomography and TEM (transmission electron microscope) tomography. Polymer nanocomposites are basically synthesized in order to improve the physical properties (mechanical, electric, etc.) of the pure polymer constituting the matrix, by a controlled addition of fillers at the nanoscale. The characterization of such materials and the establishment of accurate correlations between the microstructure and the modified properties require a three-dimensional approach. According to the nanometric size of the fillers, electron microscopy techniques are needed. Two systems of polymer nanocomposites have been studied by multiple electron tomography approaches: P(BuA-stat-S)/MWNTs (statistical copolymer poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and P(BuA-stat-MMA)/SiO2 (statistical copolymer poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) reinforced by silica nanoparticles). By combining various techniques, the characterization and the quantification of nanofillers were possible. In particular, statistics about size, distribution and volume fraction of the fillers were measured. This study has then provided 3D information, which contributes to a better understanding of properties of the nanocomposites. Attention has been paid to analyze carefully original data, and artifacts and causes of errors or inaccuracy were considered in the 3D treatments. We also attempted to compare benefits and drawbacks of all techniques employed in this study, and perspectives for future improvements have been proposed
Chen, Long. "Méthodes itératives de reconstruction tomographique pour la réduction des artefacts métalliques et de la dose en imagerie dentaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112015/document.
Full textThis thesis contains two main themes: development of new iterative approaches for metal artifact reduction (MAR) and dose reduction in dental CT (Computed Tomography). The metal artifacts are mainly due to the beam-hardening, scatter and photon starvation in case of metal in contrast background like metallic dental implants in teeth. The first issue concerns about data correction on account of these effects. The second one involves the radiation dose reduction delivered to a patient by decreasing the number of projections. At first, the polychromatic spectra of X-ray beam and scatter can be modeled by a non-linear direct modeling in the statistical methods for the purpose of the metal artifacts reduction. However, the reconstruction by statistical methods is too much time consuming. Consequently, we proposed an iterative algorithm with a linear direct modeling based on data correction (beam-hardening and scatter). We introduced a new beam-hardening correction without knowledge of the spectra of X-ray source and the linear attenuation coefficients of the materials and a new scatter estimation method based on the measurements as well. Later, we continued to study the iterative approaches of dose reduction since the over-exposition or unnecessary exposition of irradiation during a CT scan has been increasing the patient's risk of radio-induced cancer. In practice, it may be useful that one can reconstruct an object larger than the field of view of scanner. We proposed an iterative algorithm on super-short-scans on multiple scans in this case, which contain a minimal set of the projections for an optimal dose. Furthermore, we introduced a new scanning mode of variant angular sampling to reduce the number of projections on a single scan. This was adapted to the properties and predefined interesting regions of the scanned object. It needed fewer projections than the standard scanning mode of uniform angular sampling to reconstruct the objet. All of our approaches for MAR and dose reduction have been evaluated on real data. Thanks to our MAR methods, the quality of reconstructed images was improved noticeably. Besides, it did not introduce some new artifacts compared to the MAR method of state of art NMAR [Meyer et al 2010]. We could reduce obviously the number of projections with the proposed new scanning mode and schema of super-short-scans on multiple scans in particular case
Quintin, Olivier. "Évaluation des effets dento-alvéolaires et squelettiques de l'expansion palatine rapide assistée chirurgicalement à l'aide de tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8060.
Full textGauthier, Chantal. "Effets parodontaux d'une expansion palatine rapide assistée chirurgicalement (EPRAC) : évaluation clinique et évaluation radiologique à l'aide de la tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8065.
Full textDrapeau, Audrey. "Évaluation des effets de l’expansion palatine rapide assistée chirurgicalement (EPRAC) sur les voies aériennes supérieures à l’aide de la tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4395.
Full textIntroduction: Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) is a treatment of choice for patients who have reached skeletal maturity and present a maxillary transverse deficiency. It is often mentioned that SARPE has the benefit to improve respiratory function, however, only a few research projects have investigated the effects of SARPE on the upper airways. The objective of this clinical prospective comparative study was to evaluate the three-dimensional effects of SARPE on the nasal cavity, the nasopharynx and the oropharynx using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 14 subjects (5 males, 9 females) whose mean age was 23.0 ± 1.9 years (range: 16 y. 4 mo. to 39 y. 7 mo.). All patients were treated using a bonded Hyrax expander and the mean expansion was 9.82 mm (7.5-12.0 mm). A one-year retention period was undertaken before the beginning of any other orthodontic treatment. A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation was performed at T0 (initial), T1 (6 months post-expansion) and T2 (1 year post-expansion), and then the nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal volumes and the oropharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area were measured on the three-dimensional volumes that were obtained. Results: Radiological results have demonstrated a significant increase of the nasal and nasopharyngeal volumes and also an increase of the oropharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area at 6 months post-expansion. At one year post-SARPE, for these three parameters, a part of the gain was lost but did not return to the initial values. No significant effect on oropharyngeal volume was found. No significant correlation between expansion screw activation and radiological parameters were noted. Intra-class correlation analysis showed excellent intra-examiner reliability. Conclusions: SARPE causes significant changes of the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal volumes. SARPE does not modify the oropharyngeal volume, but induces significant changes of the oropharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area. The observed effects do not have a correlation with the amount of expansion screw activation.
"Calcul de dose avec images de tomographie à faisceau mégavoltage conique pour le développement de la radiothérapie guidée par la dose." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26092/26092.pdf.
Full textChassé, Véronique. "Analyse de la morphologie buccofaciale et des voies aériennes supérieures chez des porteurs de prothèses complètes souffrant des troubles du sommeil." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20727.
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