Academic literature on the topic 'Tong dai'

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Journal articles on the topic "Tong dai"

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Hien, Do Thi, and Do Thi Thanh Ha. "ideology of “taking people as the root” of the ly dynasty in Vietnam." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (January 9, 2022): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns4.2093.

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Ideology is always an issue that plays an important role in the life of a society, and that ideology also greatly influences the process of ruling the country of dynasties in the history. Unlike previous dynasties, which lasted only a few decades, the Ly dynasty represents a flourishing period of feudalism lasting more than 200 years. A major event was that King Ly Thanh Tong changed the country name from Dai Co Viet to Dai Viet in 1054, ushering in a brilliant era in Vietnamese history. The ideology of “taking people as the root” of Vietnamese feudal dynasties highlights the unyielding and indomitable fighting spirit for the right to enjoy independence and freedom in the old land of Giao Chi and Cuu Chan, which later was Dai Viet and is now Vietnam. It also reflects the desire for people to live in peace and harmony. This articles focuses on studying the ideology of “taking people as the root” through the reign of kings of the Ly dynasty in Vietnam. From there, the article points out the achievements and limitations in the process of taking care of people, as well as historical lessons for the development of the country today.
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Nguyen Thi Thu, Huong. "Ho Si Duong – Lord’s grand counsellor – and prominent merits to Dai Viet in 17th century." Journal of Science Social Science 66, no. 1 (February 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2021-0013.

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In the Le - Trinh period, particularly under the reign of Emperor Le Hy Tong and Lord Trinh Tac, Ho Si Duong was a well-known historical figure. Assuming the position of Tham tụng (参 從), which had equal power to a prime minister (宰相), Ho Si Duong has left eminent marks in a range of fields, comprising military, politics, diplomacy, social-culture, especially in the aspect of “institutional reform”. He is considered a talented mandarin in the political history of Dai Viet (大越) in the seventeenth century. Based on diverse sources, including history written by the imperial court, official regulations, the information inscribed on the stela (translated version), folk material, the article will shed light on Ho Si Duong’s critical marks and influential contributions to his homeland – Nghe An province in particular as well as to the Dai Viet’s history in general.
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Xue, Shigui, Yan Xue, Danbo Dou, Huan Wu, Ping Zhang, Yang Gao, Yini Tang, Zehua Xia, Sen Yang, and Sizhen Gu. "Kui Jie Tong Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota and NLRP3/Caspase-1 Classical Pyroptosis Signaling Pathway." Disease Markers 2022 (July 4, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2782112.

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most refractory digestive diseases in the world. Kui jie tong (KJT) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine used clinically to treat UC. This study observed the regulatory effects of KJT on NIMA-related kinase 7- (NEK7-) activated nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 classical pyroptosis pathway and intestinal flora in UC model rats. KJT components were analyzed using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). A UC Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model was established using sodium dextran sulfate (DSS). Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CG), UC model group (UG), KJT group (KG), and sulfasalazine (SASP) group (SG). After seven days of intervention, each group’s body weight, disease activity index (DAI) scores, and colon length were recorded. Intestinal mucosal injury to each group was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, we investigated the expression levels of NEK7, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD in intestinal mucosa, as well as serum interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-18, and IL-33 proinflammatory factors. Intestinal microflora was analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing. KJT controlled weight loss; decreased DAI scores; restored colon length; improved pathological injury in the colon; inhibited NEK7, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N expression; and decreased IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 contents in UG rats’ serum and colon tissue (P <0.001 or P <0.05). KJT also increased Ruminococcaceae, unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, and unclassified_g_Ruminococcus_1 levels and decreased Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichales, Erysipelotrichaceae, Turicibacter, and uncultured_bacterium_g_Turicibacter levels. KJT alleviated UC immune-inflammatory responses to NLRP3/caspase-1 by inhibiting the NEK-7-activated classic pyroptosis pathway and improving intestinal microflora.
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You, Wenli, Zitong Xu, Aiting Di, Penglin Liu, Chengjian Pang, Jianheng Wang, Xiaoyu Li, et al. "Mechanism by Which Tong Xie Yao Fang Heals the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats with Ulcerative Colitis through the Hippo Pathway." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5533914.

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Objective. Tong Xie Yao Fang (TXYF) is a classic and effective prescription in traditional Chinese medicine which is used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). Our study investigated the effect of TXYF on Hippo pathway activation in UC-induced intestinal mucosa injury and explored the possible mechanism. Method. After ulcerative colitis was successfully induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), 48 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group, model group, TXYF group, and sulfasalazine group and treated with the corresponding drugs for 28 days. The parameters including body weight, colon length, spleen index, and disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological characteristics were assessed. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and IL-6 level in the colon mucosa were determined with the corresponding commercial kits. The expressions of the Hippo pathway components YAP1, TAZ, P-YAP, and LATS1 were detected in the colon mucosa of each group on different stages by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the growth and apoptosis of the colon epithelium. Result. TXYF significantly improved the weight loss, colonic shortening, DAI, spleen enlargement, and histopathological score of the rats with TNBS-induced UC. TXYF also reduced the MPO activity and expression of IL-6 in the colon mucosa. Furthermore, treatment with TXYF significantly increased YAP1 expression in the early stage (3–7 days) and significantly decreased YAP1 expression in the late stage (14–28 days). In the early stage, TXYF inhibited Hippo pathway activity, which promoted proliferation and regeneration of the intestinal mucosa. In the late stage, the Hippo pathway was activated, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and promoting intestinal mucosal differentiation. Conclusion. TXYF alleviated the inflammatory response and promoted mucosal healing in rats with UC, which was probably achieved through the Hippo pathway. These results indicated that TXYF was a potential therapy for treating UC.
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Yung, Faye Dorcas. "Leung, For-Hing. Da Shi Dai li de Xiao Za Zhi: “Xin Er Tong” Ban Yue Kan (1941-1949) Yan Jiu." Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature 53, no. 1 (2015): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bkb.2015.0019.

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Xiao, Rui. "Yi Zhong Qiu Tong: Zhong Guo Dang Dai Yi Xue Shu Yu De Dong Tai Xing Cheng [Seeking Understanding from Differences: The Dynamic Formation of Chinese Contemporary Translation Terminology]." Australian Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 2 (May 21, 2017): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2017.1311293.

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Ferlus, Michel. "Les Systèmes De Tons Dans Les Langues Viet-Muong." Diachronica 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.15.1.02fer.

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SUMMARY The Viet-Muong languages present a wide variety of systems having four to six tones, and reflecting two earlier systems: a six-tone system and a four-tone system in which final -h is preserved. Vietnamese, Muòng and Cuoi are representative of a pure six-tone system in the traditional definition. Sách/ Ruc and Thavung have a four-tone system in which vowel breathiness is preserved in the low tone series. When in such a system breathiness is lost too fast, as in Maleng, the result is a kind of eroded two-tone system. In some languages like Pong and some Vietnamese dialects, final -h was lost without giving contrastive tones, the result being a kind of heterodox four-tone system. The situation of tone systems in Viet-Muong languages is of the highest importance for the theory of tonogenesis. RÉSUMÉ Les langues viet-muong offrent un large éventail de systèmes tonals, de quatre à six tons, provenant tous de deux systèmes antérieurs de base: l'un à six tons et l'autre à quatre tons où le -h final est préservé. Le vietnamien, le muròng et le cuôi sont représentatifs d'un pur système à six tons dans leur définition la plus classique. Le sách/ruc et le thavung ont un système à quatre tons avec des voyelles soufflées sous les tons de la série basse. La chute trop rapide du caractère soufflé, comme en maleng, donne une sorte de système érrodé à deux tons. En pong et dans certains dialectes vietnamiens le -h final est tombé sans entraîner la création de tons supplémentaires, le résultat étant la formation de systèmes tonals hétérodoxes à quatre tons. La variété des systèmes tonals en viet-muong représente un apport important à une théorie de la tonogénèse. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Viet-Muong-Sprachen stellen eine groBe Varietät von Systemen zwi-schen vier und sechs Tonen dar; sie reflektieren zwei frühere Systeme, und zwar ein Sechstonsystem und ein Viertonsystem, in welchen ein finales -h erhalten geblieben ist. Vietnamesisch, Muòng and Cuoi sind repräsentativ fur ein reines Sechstonsystem der herkommlichen Art. Sách/Ruc und Thavung hingegen haben ein Viertonsystem, in welchem eine rauhe Vokalbehauchung in der niederen Tonreihe erhalten geblieben ist. Wenn in einem solchen System die rauhe Behauchung zu schnell verlorengeht, wie im Maleng, ist das Ergebnis eine Art heruntergekommenes Zweitonsystem. In solchen Sprachen wie Pong und einigen vietnamesischen Dialekten war das End-h verlorenge-gangen, ohne jedoch kontrastierende Tone zu erhalten: das Ergebnis war eine Art heterodoxes Viertonsystem. The Situation der Tonsysteme in den Viet-Muong-Sprachen ist von groBter Wichtigkeit fur die Theorie der Tongenese.
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Anselmi, L., L. Toti, C. Bove, and R. A. Travagli. "Vagally mediated effects of brain stem dopamine on gastric tone and phasic contractions of the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 313, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): G434—G441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00180.2017.

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Dopamine (DA)-containing fibers and neurons are embedded within the brain stem dorsal vagal complex (DVC); we have shown previously that DA modulates the membrane properties of neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) via DA1 and DA2 receptors. The vagally dependent modulation of gastric tone and phasic contractions, i.e., motility, by DA, however, has not been characterized. With the use of microinjections of DA in the DVC while recording gastric tone and motility, the aims of the present study were 1) assess the gastric effects of brain stem DA application, 2) identify the DA receptor subtype, and, 3) identify the postganglionic pathway(s) activated. Dopamine microinjection in the DVC decreased gastric tone and motility in both corpus and antrum in 29 of 34 rats, and the effects were abolished by ipsilateral vagotomy and fourth ventricular treatment with the selective DA2 receptor antagonist L741,626 but not by application of the selective DA1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390. Systemic administration of the cholinergic antagonist atropine attenuated the inhibition of corpus and antrum tone in response to DA microinjection in the DVC. Conversely, systemic administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester did not alter the DA-induced decrease in gastric tone and motility. Our data provide evidence of a dopaminergic modulation of a brain stem vagal neurocircuit that controls gastric tone and motility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dopamine administration in the brain stem decreases gastric tone and phasic contractions. The gastric effects of dopamine are mediated via dopamine 2 receptors on neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The inhibitory effects of dopamine are mediated via inhibition of the postganglionic cholinergic pathway.
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Bove, Cecilia, Laura Anselmi, and R. Alberto Travagli. "Altered gastric tone and motility response to brain-stem dopamine in a rat model of parkinsonism." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 317, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): G1—G7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00076.2019.

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The majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience gastrointestinal dysfunction. Recently, we described a nigro-vagal pathway that uses dopaminergic (DA) inputs to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and A2 area neurons to modulate gastric motility and tone. This pathway is disrupted in a rodent model of PD. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that brain-stem DA modulation of gastric tone and motility is altered in a rodent model of PD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received three weekly intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (10 mg/kg) or saline (control). In naive conditions, microinjection of DA into the DMV induced a gastroinhibitory response in 100% of animals. In 19 of 28 PQ-treated animals, however, microinjection of DA into the DVC induced a biphasic response, with an initial increase in gastric tone and motility followed by a profound gastroinhibition. The excitatory response to DA microinjection was attenuated by a combination of DA type 1 (DA1)- and DA2-like receptor antagonists. Conversely, the inhibitory response was reduced by the DA2-like receptor antagonist only. Pretreatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine did not modulate the response to DA, thus excluding involvement of the A2 area. At the end of the experiments, induction of the Parkinson phenotype was confirmed by the presence of α-synuclein immunoreactivity in the DMV and substantia nigra pars compacta. These data suggest a maladaptive neural plasticity in brain-stem vagal circuits regulating gastric motility in PQ-treated rats that may be responsible for the gastric dysfunction observed in PD models. NEW & NOTEWORTHY After paraquat treatment and induction of Parkinson’s disease, brain-stem dopamine (DA) application induces a biphasic gastric response in the majority of rats, with an initial increase in tone and motility followed by gastroinhibition. The initial increase in gastric tone and motility is mediated via a combined activation of DA type 1 (DA1)- and DA2-like receptors. The inhibitory effects of DA are mediated by DA2-like receptors and are not affected by blockade of adrenergic inputs mediated by α2-adrenoceptors.
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SAGART, Laurent. "A model of the origin of Kra-Dai tones." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 48, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04801004.

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Abstract This paper finds origins for the three Kra-Dai tones in the segmental endings of Proto-Southern Austronesian, the parent language of Kra-Dai and Malayo-Polynesian. The Kra-Dai A category originates in sonorant endings (vowels, semi-vowels, nasals, liquids) and in Proto-Austronesian *-H2, reconstructed by Tsuchida (1976); the B category in *-R and in *-X, a hitherto not reconstructed ending reflected as -h in Amis and in the Bisayan language Aklanon; the C category, in Proto-Austronesian *-H1, reconstructed by Tsuchida. The tonal outcomes of *-s and *-S are described. Kra-Dai sonorant endings in tone C are argued to come from hypothetical Austronesian prototypes in which a sonorant ending was followed by *-s, a suffix of unknown function. Although the present model does not require Kra-Dai to be a daughter of Proto-Austronesian, the building blocks for Kra-Dai tones are shown to be in place during the Formosan phase of Austronesian phonological history.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tong dai"

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Li, Mumiao. "From the traditional to the modern the case of Ch'ien Mu's(1895-1990)historiography = Cong chuan tong dao xian dai : Qian Mu shi xue yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43896108.

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Li, Ke. "Shi du cha ju yu xi tong you hua Zhongguo xian dai hua jin cheng zhong de qu yu jing ji /." Beijing : Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2000.

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Dawacairen. "Dang dai Xizang de huo fo : xin tu ren tong, zheng zhi jiao se yu she hui ying xiang = Living Buddhas in contemporary Tibet : believers' identifications, political roles and social influence /." click here to view the abstract and table of contents click here to view the fulltext, 2004. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisab.pl?pdf=b18515599a.pdf.

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Kwok, Suk-yee. "An analysis of the Sui Dynasty's downfall with special reference to internal conflicts in the government during Sui Yangdi's reign Cong Sui Yangdi shi qi tong zhi ji tuan nei bu fen lie kan Sui dai zhi su wang /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31949940.

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Tse, Hue-ying. "The inheritance of modern Cantonese opera from traditional Chinese opera an examination of the different types of role in Tang Di-sheng's (1917-1959) scripts = Dang dai yue ju dui chuan tong xi qu zhi cheng chuan : cong Tang Disheng (1917-1959) ju ben kan xing dang yi shu de yi yi /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085878.

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Baldassarra, Damiana <1974&gt. "Dai "Messenioi Andres" alla "Polis Ton Messenion": il percorso storico dei Messeni tra continuità e innovazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/681.

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Russell, Matthew Neal. "A CONDUCTOR’S GUIDE TO DAN LOCKLAIR’S SINCE DAWN: A Tone Poem for Narrator, Chorus and Orchestra (1995)." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376910890.

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Klüssendorf, Ricarda. ""The great work begins" : Tony Kushner's theater for change in America /." Trier : Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783884769782.

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Ku, Yongli. "Chinese Investments and Conflict Resolution—A Case Study of Tasang (Mong Ton/Mai Dong) Dam, Myanmar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56574.

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The aim of this research is to bridge the correlation of peace and foreign investments through the lens of North et al.’s (2013) Limited Access Orders (LAOs). The research seeks to engage in the discussion of LAOs by providing a perspective from analyzing Chinese investments under the context of New Silk Road policy with the case of Tasang Dam. Current discussion of LAOs does not involve how foreign investments affect institutional transition in LAOs. Therefore this research is a humble attempt to engage in the existing literature from a different perspective.         Tasang Dam is designed to be built in southern Shan State, Myanmar, an area that has encountered continuous armed conflicts. The conflicts between the local armed group SSA-S/RCSS and the Tatmadaw continue even after a ceasefire agreement was signed in 2011. Chinese investors acting under the context of New Silk Road project have tried to involve in creating stability in the area to reduce costs.         According to the LAOs logic, if the access to rents is open to armed organizations, there will be motivations for rival parties to avoid violence. In order to redistribute the resources, there should be an institutional transition. In Tasang Dam’s case, the rents created by Chinese investments are not available to SSA-S/RCSS, but with the Chinese investments as the democratization of Myanmar goes on, there are opportunities to alter the story of repeated violence.
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Naulu, Sosaia Hakaumotu. "Incidental Effects of Church Activity on Development, Landscapes and Culture: An Example from Tonga." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1990. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTNZ,2353.

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Books on the topic "Tong dai"

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Zhi tong dai ren. Xianggang: Ming bao yue kan chu ban she, 2009.

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Da tong dai ren. Beijing: Zuo jia chu ban she, 2012.

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Su, Wen Xing. Hong tong shi dai. Hong Kong: Pollop, 1998.

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Tong zhang shi dai. Beijing: Jing ji ri bao chu ban she, 2011.

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Haruki, Murakami. Dai shu tong xin. Hong Kong: Bo Yi, 1995.

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Guojun, Zhang, ed. Liao dai tong fo. Shenyang Shi: Liaoning hua bao chu ban she, 2002.

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Wen wu chu ban she., ed. Li dai tong jing. Beijing: Wen wu chu ban she, 1992.

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Guoliang, Xie, Liu Kailong, and Yang Zhunqiu, eds. Zhongguo li dai shen tong. Beijing: Zhongguo ren shi chu ban she, 1991.

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Gu dai qing tong qi. Beijing: Wen wu chu ban she, 1995.

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Zha, Liangdian, (ji suan ji) and Zhou Shaobai, eds. Tong xin xin shi dai. Bei jing: Zhong guo qing nian chu ban she, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tong dai"

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Fung, Yiu-ming. "Sameness (Tong 同) and Difference (Yi 異)." In Dao Companion to Chinese Philosophy of Logic, 213–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29033-7_13.

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Dennis, Michael. "Hammer and Tong: The Struggle for Steel." In The Memorial Day Massacre and the Movement for Industrial Democracy, 51–66. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114722_4.

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Xu, Yan, and Jin Yang. "A Comparative Study of the Tone Systems of Maguan Dialect, Dai Language and Thai Language." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 378–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02116-0_44.

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Groschupp, Steffen. "Erkundungsaufstellungen – in Präsenz." In Systemaufstellungen in Wissenschaft und Praxis, 216–56. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38857-7_12.

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Vivarelli, Vivetta. "Vineta del Danubio. La letteratura tedesca in Tempo curvo a Krems." In Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna, 109–18. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-338-3.13.

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The five stories in Magris’s Tempo curvo a Krems contain indirect references to the German and Mitteleuropean literatures that nourished their author. They are not merely echoes or resonances: allusions such as to the legend of Vineta, the city beneath the sea, or to Heine’s poem about the troubadour Rudèl and Melisanda, as well as to Faustian themes and the longing for transformation («die and become») are closely linked to the central theme of a circular and recurring time. The lightly ironic tone is nonetheless a bulwark against the spleen, the «Sehnsucht» or the recollection and regret of the past; a past that resurfaces and continues to echo like the tolling of a submerged bell.
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Srivastava, Vaibhava, Pradeep Srivastava, Hari B. Srivastava, and Yogesh Ray. "Tectonic Consideration for Location of the Kishau Dam Site on Tons River in Lesser Himalaya, India." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 1, 495–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09300-0_93.

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Richter-Hansen, Tullio. "Heavy Breathing." In Ein- und Ausströmungen, 147–64. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839460184-011.

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Tullio Richter-Hansen widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, inwiefern sportfilmisches Atmen spezifische Sphären zwischen Semiotik und Materialität, zwischen Körperlichkeit, Affekten und Politik sowie zwischen Bild und Ton erfahrbar macht. Um das relationale Wissensfeld von Atmung, Sport und Film theoretisch näher erfassen zu können, wird der Begriff der Korpo-Medialität vorgeschlagen. Die szenische Analyse der Filme PERSONAL BEST (USA 1982) und FAIR PLAY (CZ/SO/D 2014) führt zur These, dass filmisch inszenierte schwere Sportatmung im Zuge des pharmapornografischen Regimes als dynamisches Scharnier fungiert, das überwiegend problematische Verflechtungen von Sportlichkeit, Sexualisierung und Körperpolitik mit sich bringt.
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Meissner, Janneke. "»Eine ganz ungeheure Grabschrift«." In Therapie der Dinge?, 173–92. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839464762-009.

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Janneke Meissner beschäftigt sich in »Eine ungeheure Grabschrift« mit den Übersetzungsprozessen, die die Psychoanalytiker Maria Torok und Nicolas Abraham in ihrer Bearbeitung von Freuds bekanntem Fall des Wolfmans offenlegten. Die Worte, nach deren ursprünglicher Bedeutung Abraham/Torok suchten, fanden sie in einer Krypta verschlossen vor. Eine solche Krypta deckt auch Paul Wührs O-Ton-Hörspiel "Preislied" auf. Für das Hörspiel zog Wühr 1970 durch die Straßen Münchens, um dort ein Stimmungsbild zur aktuellen Lage einzuholen. In der anschließenden Bearbeitung des Sprachmaterials, in dessen Zerschneidung und Collagierung, fand Wühr ein vom Redefluss verschleiertes Sprechen, das von der Derealisierung der Erfahrungen des Nationalsozialismus zeugt.
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Bruns, Antje, and Toni Adscheid. "Stadtplanung als koloniale Praxis und alltägliche Praktiken der urbanen Transformation." In Geographien der Kolonialität, 411–32. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839456224-018.

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Antje Bruns und Toni Adscheid widmen sich in diesem Beitrag den stillen und flüchtigen Praktiken, welche Auswege aus den räumlichen Festlegungen und rassifizierten Praktiken der Stadtplanung eröffnen. Durch einen Fokus auf Accra und London, zeichnen die Autor*innen die Verwobenheit dieser zwei Metropolen des Britischen Empire in die Geschichten und Geographien des Kolonialismus nach. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass in beiden Kontexten, die historisch gewachsene institutionelle und rassifizierte Logik der Stadtplanung das Dasein Schwarzer Menschen beschränkt. Diese Logik wird jedoch durch alltägliche Praktiken Schwarzer Menschen untergraben, welche den Kern der Metropolen verändern und hierdurch auf die Notwendigkeit einer antirassistischen Raumproduktion verweisen.
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Micena, Raul Pereira, Paulo Sérgio Duque de Brito, Celso Eduardo Tuna, and José Luz Silveira. "Electricity and Hydrogen Generation from Food and Vegetable Wastes – Technical and Economic Analysis." In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering, 198–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_29.

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AbstractThe city of Guaratinguetá, Brazil, produces 104 tons of MSW daily, 45.3% of which is its organic fraction, and the rest is divided between recyclable material and waste without use. This study proposes the calculation of the biogas production potential from the anaerobic digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW). This fraction is mainly composed of food residues, such as fruits and vegetables, as well as paper and cardboard, among others, being a compound able to be processed in a biodigester. A production potential of 3,1 Nm3 of biogas per day, or 3,6 kg/day, was calculated. An electricity generation potential of 6.3 MWh/day was calculated. Considering the use of all this electrical potential in a water electrolysis process, a production potential of 107 kg/day of electrolytic hydrogen was calculated. An economic analysis of electricity generation is carried out, resulting in a cost of electricity between 34.7 and 41.2 USD/MWh, depending on the interest rate applied. The payback of the investment in electricity generation was calculated between 3 and 4 years, considering the local electricity tariff of 74 USD/MWh.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tong dai"

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Rosita, Nita, and Tahmat Tahmat. "PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN PADA PRODUK TONG TJI TEMATIK DI SUPERMARKET BORMA DAGO DAN BORMA CIKUTRA." In Seminar Sosial Politik, Bisnis, Akuntansi dan Teknik (SoBAT) ke-3. LPPM USB YPKP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32897/sobat3.2021.6.

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Penjualan produk sangatlah penting bagi perusahaan, karena penjualan produk mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. Minat beli produk baru dari brand ternama belum tentu akan menaikkan minat beli konsumen dengan cepat, karena minat beli tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai hal. Produk Tong Tji Tematik merupakan produk teh instan dari perusahaan teh ternama, namun minat beli konsumen pada produk Tong Tji Tematik belum mempengaruhi penjualannya secara signifikan. Maka dari itu perusahaan perlu mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi minat beli konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh brand image dan kualitas produk terhadap minat beli konsumen pada produk Tong Tji Tematik di supermarket Borma Dago dan Borma Cikutra. Penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah konsumen Tong Tji Tematik di supermarket Borma Dago dan Borma Cikutra. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 98 orang dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode proporsional sampling. Teknik analisa data menggunakan analisa regresi linier berganda, Uji F dan Uji T. Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif brand image dan kualitas produk terhadap minat beli konsumen pada produk Tong Tji Tematik di supermarket Borma Dago dan Borma Cikutra. Secara parsial brand image tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli. Sedangkan kualitas produk sangat berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap minat beli.
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Hatton, Janice, and Peter Bulionis. "A Case Study of the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System at the Algonquin Power Energy-From-Waste Facility." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1903.

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The Algonquin Power Energy-From-Waste (APEFW) facility is located in the suburban Toronto, Ontario city of Brampton. It receives approximately 140,000 metric tonnes (154,000 tons) of MSW per year from the Region of Peel (Region) and approximately 10,000 metric tonnes (11,000 tons) per year of international airport waste from the area’s two international airports. The APEFW facility commenced initial operations in 1992 and included four, 91 tonne (100 ton) per day Consumat two stage incinerators with heat recovery boilers and a dual-train air pollution control (APC) system consisting of evaporative cooling towers, venturi reactors and fabric filter baghouses. The APEFW facility expanded its capacity in 2001 with the addition of a fifth 91 tonne (100 ton) per day modular incinerator and heat recovery boiler. One of the stipulations in the permitting process was that the entire expanded facility meet more stringent emission standards that included a significantly lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission rate. After a review of several available NOx control technologies, the APEFW facility chose to install a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system. While SCR systems are fairly common on EFW facilities in Europe, the APEFW facility is the only EFW facility in North America that currently operates with an SCR system and as such has gained valuable insight into the application and performance of this technology that is very relevant to the North American EFW industry. This paper discusses the operation and maintenance of the SCR system, compares pre- and post-SCR NOx emissions and presents capital and operating costs for the SCR including the cost per tonne of waste processed and the cost per tonne of NOx removed.
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Iranli, A., and M. Pedram. "DTM: dynamic tone mapping for backlight scaling." In 2005 42nd Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac.2005.193884.

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Yang, Wenjing, and Cathryn Yang. "Reduction in Dali Nisu tone change-in-progress." In TAL2018, Sixth International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/tal.2018-10.

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Infitria, Pajri Anwar, Jiyanto, and Muhajirin. "Komposisi botani dan produksi biomasa hijauan di Kecamatan Gunung Toar, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Riau." In The 2nd National Conference of Applied Animal Science (CAAS) 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/animpro.2021.12.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis hijauan yang tumbuh di Kecamatan Gunung Toar, Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Penelitian diawali dengan survey (observasi lapang dan penentuan lokasi) kemudian pengambilan sampel hijauan pada 5 Desa yaitu desa Kampung Baru, Pisang Berebus, Petapahan, Pulau Mungkur, Gunung. Masing-masing Desa diambil 5 lokasi, setiap lokasi diambil 5 titik. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi jenis hijauan dan perhitungan produksi hijauan. Alat yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel hijauan terdiri dari kuadran 0,5 x 0,5 m2, gunting rumput, sabit, kantong plastik ukuran 10 dan ukuran 2 kg, karung, tali plastik, dan alat tulis. Perhitungan hijauan dengan persentase total hijauan, perhitungan produksi hijauan dilakukan dengan rata rata tiap desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 10 jenis hijauan, yang terdiri atas rumput, legum dan gulma. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah hijauan yang paling dominan tumbuh di Kecamatan Gunung Toar adalah dari jenis rumput/gramineae 42,53%, Rumput Bede (Brachiaria decumbens) 13,94% dan leguminosae 21,45%. Produksi biomas hijauan tertinggi di Desa Patabahan 73,44 ton/ha/th.
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d’Ailly, Jan, and Sung Chun Kim. "Gasification of MSW in South Korea." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2350.

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Over the past 15 years, South Korea has been actively pursuing a sustainable waste management strategy, which includes the thermal treatment of non-recyclable waste. Over 18,000 tons/day of waste are thermally treated in South Korea in over 40 plants. Since municipalities are not allowed to export waste outside of their respective jurisdictions, plants range in size from 25 ton/day to over 500 tons/day. There are currently 7 plants on 6 sites using gasification technology in South Korea, with the first plant in operation since 2001. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the downdraft gasification technology works, integration of the technology into a complete energy from waste facility, operating history, availability, emission levels and lessons learned. Synopsis of the technology: Curbside Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is rough shredded and fed into the primary chamber through an air lock. The gasification occurs in the low temperature negative pressurized primary chamber where the MSW goes through drying, pyrolysis and gasification stages. The resulting syn-gas is filtered through the char bed into a secondary chamber where combustion takes place, producing a hot inert flue gas. A Heat Recovery Steam Generator (boiler) is used to recover the thermal energy from the flue gas. The char at the bottom of the primary chamber is oxidized, creating the heat for the gasification process. The air pollution control system is located after the Boiler and consists of carbon and lime injection followed by a bag filter. Operating history, availability and emission levels are presented.
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Sugiharto, Agung, Dwi Rahmawati, and FNU Prayitno. "Produksi dan Mutu Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Ratun dengan Aplikasi Bakteri Synechococcus sp. pada Berbagai Salinitas Media." In Seminar, Expo dan Diskusi (SEEDs) Perbenihan Nasional 2017. Jember: AGROPROSS, National Conference Proceedings of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2017.53.

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Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih di lahan salin yaitu melalui penggunaan metode ratun dengan penambahan bakteri sintetik Synechoccocus sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi dan mutu benih padi ratun yang tercekam salinitas dengan penambahan bakteri sintetik Synechoccocus sp. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - Desember 2015 di Desa Suco, Kecamatan Mumbul Sari Jember dan Laboratorium Teknologi Benih Politeknik Negeri Jember. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAK) dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah cekaman Salinitas (S) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf, S1 = tanpa cekaman (kontrol), S2 = cekaman salinitas 1000 ppm, S3 = cekaman salinitas 2000 ppm, S4 = cekaman salinitas 3000 ppm, S5 = cekaman salinitas 4000 ppm. Faktor kedua inokulasi bakteri sintetik Synechoccocus sp. (B), yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, B1 = tanpa inokulasi bakteri (kontrol), B2 = Inokulasi sintetik Synechoccocus sp. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan salinitas 1000 ppm (S2) menghasilkan jumlah anakan ratun produktif tertinggi yaitu 19,33 anakan. Cl- mempunyai fungsi utama dalam reaksi fotosintesis sehingga cekaman salintas pada perlakuan 1000 ppm (S2) dapat ditoleran oleh tanaman padi varietas Ciherang pada fase vegetatif. Pemberian Bakteri (B) Synechococcus sp. mampu menghasilkan tunas ratun tertinggi pada fase vegetatif yaitu 40,10 cm. Interaksi dari dua perlakuan menunjukan hasil yang nyata pada parameter jumlah gabah bernas yaitu cekaman salinitas 4000 ppm dengan inokulasi bakteri (B2S5) menghasilkan gabah bernas yang paling tinggi sebesar 99,06 butir. Inokulasi tanaman dengan Synechococcus sp. mampu meningkatkan kandungan nitrogen dan kandungan klorofil dalam jaringan tanaman. Interaksi antara cekaman salinitas 1000 ppm dengan inokulasi bakteri (B2S2) menghasilkan produksi per Ha yang paling tinggi yaitu 1,389 ton dan potensi produksi per Ha tertinggi yaitu 1.66 ton/ha.
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Filomena Spatti Sandalo, Maria, and Michelle Cristine Semente Valle. "Tons na língua Pirahã." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-37677.

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Indriani, Risma, and Eliyatiningsih. "Aplikasi Bokashi Serasah Edamame dengan Bioaktivator Trichoderma Sp. Sebagai Substitusi Pupuk N Pada Budidaya Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.211.

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Usahatani jagung manis memiliki prospek yang baik untuk dikembangkan karena tanaman ini merupakan sumber pangan olahan yang digemari masyarakat. Budidaya jagung manis selama ini terkendala pada aspek teknis dan salah satu yang perlu diperhatikan adalah aspek pemupukan. Jagung manis merupakan tanaman yang membutuhkan unsur hara besar untuk pertumbuhan dan produksinya. Pemenuhan unsur hara banyak dilakukan dengan pemupukan anorganik. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik tanpa diimbangi dengan penggunaan pupuk organik dapat memberikan dampak negatif pada kesuburan tanah yang pada akhirnya akan menurunkan produktivitas tanaman. Bokashi merupakan hasil fermentasi bahan organik dengan bantuan mikroorganisme yang dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah sebagai upaya peningkatan produksi jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Serasah edamame adalah salah satu bahan organik yang bermanfaat sebagai bahan pembuatan bokashi karena memiliki bintil akar yang dapat menambat nitrogen, sehingga diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Penggunaan jamur Trichoderma sp. sebagai biodekomposer merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat dipakai untuk mempercepat proses pembuatan bokashi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan bokashi serasah edamame dengan bioaktivator Trichoderma sp. sebagai substitusi pupuk urea serta pengaruhnya terhadap budidaya jagung manis. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non-faktorial dengan 3 taraf perlakuan yaitu, pupuk kandang sapi dosis 20 ton/Ha + 100% urea, bokashi dosis 30 ton/Ha + 75% urea, dan bokashi dosis 40 ton/Ha + 50% urea. Hasil uji F menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang nyata diantara 3 perlakuan. Penggunaan bokashi dosis 40 ton/Ha memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol dan tingkat kemanisan, serta mampu mengurangi penggunaan pupuk urea sampai setengah dari dosis anjuran. Hasil analisa usaha tani budidaya jagung manis layak diusahakan karena nilai R/C ratio > 1,00.
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AuthorsBudiono, FNU. "Kajian Budidaya Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pola “OpSiTongTif”." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2020. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2020.38.

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Kajian ini mencoba untuk mengimplementasikan konsep optimalisasi nutrisi, polinasi, disain tanam, dan harmonisasi pasar. Kaji widya ini membahas tentang manajemen pengelolaan nutrisi, optimalisasi tongkol dan polinasi, pengelolaan disain tanam dan terwujudnya pasar yang sehat dan harmonis. Data dikumpulkan dari data primer (hasil penelitian pendahuluan riset ke-1 hingga riset ke- 6) dan data sekunder . Data primer diperoleh dari hasil penelitian 1 (sinkronisasi waktu polinasi pada penanaman jagung beda waktu.) hingga penelitian ke-6 (optimalisasi mutu dan stabilisasi produksi). Data sekunder didukung dari data hasil jurnal, prosedding, makalah ilmiah dan teks buku tentang budidaya jagung, nutrisi, ZPT, Polinasi dan karakteristis tanaman Kelas Greamineae. Data pada kajian ke-7 menggunakan metode deskriptif siklus pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman jagung pada beberapa waktu tanam yang berbeda umur 1, 2 hingga 3 minggu. Waktu penelitian pada tanggal 10 November 2018 hingga 10 April 2019 di Lahan Praktek Balai Besar Pelatihan Pertanian Binuang, Kelurahan Binuang Kecamatan Binuang Kabupaten Tapin, Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penerapan teknologi budidaya tanaman jagung sesuai teknologi rekomendasi spesifik lokalita dengan modifikasi waktu tanam/disain tanam, perlakuan ZPT alami, dan pemupukan Suplemen Tanaman. Hasil dari kajian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan nutrisi, pengaturan waktu tanam dan polinasi, sehingga terjadi sinkronisasi polinasi tanaman ke-1 dengan tanaman ke-2 mampu mewujudkan tanaman jagung bertongkol lebih dari 2, dengan sistem panen 3 kali yaitu panen baby corn, jagung muda dan jagung pipil/pakan. Produksi baby corn 325-450 Kg/Ha; 15.000-20.000 tongkol jagung muda/Ha ; dan hasil pipilan jagung kering 9,65 ton/Ha, Sistem buddiaya jagung pola OpSiTongTif mampu memberikan keuntungan usaha bagi petani sebesar Rp.26.750.000/Ha/musim dengan tingkat B/C ratio sebesar 1.68. Sistem ini juga mampu mengontrol harga jagung karena petani tidak produksi jagung pipil saja tapi menghasilkan baby corn dan jagung muda dengan distribusi produksi sepanjang tahun.
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Reports on the topic "Tong dai"

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Kenneth Sprouse and David Matthews. Linear Extrusion 400 Tons/Day Dry Solids Pump. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001421.

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Júnior Bueno, César, Valdir Kenji Tanabe, Lourenço Nyssen, and Ricardo Harakava. Antracnose da atemoia: sintomatologia e manejo. Instituto Biológico, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31368/1983-134xdt0352023.

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A atemoia é um híbrido resultante do cruzamento da pinha (Annona squamosa L.) com a cherimoia (Annona cherimola Mill). A cultura tem um rendimento médio de 15 ton/ha de frutos comerciais e desperta interesse dos produtores das regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste do país, por reunir boas qualidades organolépticas, alto valor comercial e possibilidade de escoamento da produção nos mercados nacional e internacional (LEMOS, 2014; MORAES, 2016; SANTOS et al., 2018).
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Noy, Ilan, Miloud Lacheheb, and Madhavi Pundit. The Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Fishing Activities in the Philippines. Asian Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230291-2.

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This study looks at fishing activity in the Philippines’ Exclusive Economic Zone in 2012, as well as how it responded to tropical cyclones. The study identifies the main fishing grounds and examines the impact of tropical cyclone speed on vessel position using satellite images and tropical cyclones data. Data suggest that tropical cyclones have a negative impact on fishing activity, with fewer active boats during and after the storm. The most affected locations include the Sibuyan Sea, Visayan Sea, and Panay Gulf. These tropical cyclones were estimated to reduce commercial fishing production by 7,800 tons per day, affecting more than 188,000 families in Western Visayas.
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Ananev, Vladimir Nikolaevich. THE EFFECT OF FIVE-DAY COLD ADAPTATION ON THE TONE OF THE ARTERIES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL REGION AND THE SMALL INTESTINE IN WINTER SPORTS ATHLETES. DOI CODE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2023.140.

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Tabbert, Cory, John Vest, and Marin Kress. Waterway engineering applications of Automatic Identification System data along the Mississippi River and at lock structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48264.

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The USACE, St. Louis District, is responsible for maintaining navigation channels along with multiple lock and dam structures on the Mississippi River, a vital inland waterway that carries millions of tons of commodities every year. Understanding commercial vessel traffic patterns is fundamental to informing decisions about construction projects and to efforts to improve communication to mariners. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data provides time-stamped and geo-referenced vessel position reports for most commercial vessels operating in the District’s area of interest. This paper describes how AIS data has been successfully used by St. Louis District waterway managers to (1) prevent conflicts with the navigation industry by revealing active fleeting areas that were under consideration for the construction of river training structures; and (2) identify changes in vessel approaches to a lock structure under different river flow conditions, providing operational information that could be used in future navigation alerts to mariners. This paper concludes with a list of suggested best practices for waterways managers who want to start, or expand, their use of AIS data.
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Vuksanović, Vuk, and Srđan Hercigonja. Između emocija i realizma: Dva lica turske spoljne politike na Balkanu. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/dvvy2324.

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U poređenju sa komentarima o delovanju Rusije i Kine, prodornijem odnosu Turske prema Balkanu se ne poklanja dovoljno pažnje. Kako bi se ova praznina popunila, istraživački tim Beogradskog centra za bezbednosnu politiku (BCBP) sproveo je istraživanje zasnovano na analizi sekundarnog izvornog materijala ali, što je još važnije, i na razgovorima koji su sa šesnaest istraživača i pripadnika akademiske zajednice obavljeni u Istanbulu i Ankari. Iako konsultovani izvori imaju različite biografije i političke simpatije, istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su im određene teme svima zajedničke. Turska spoljna politika na Balkanu, naime, ima dva aspekta. Prvi je zasnovan na emocijama, i tu je spoljna politika države definisana njenim posebnim vezama sa tom oblašću, odnosno zajedničkom istorijom, društvenim vezama, faktorima identiteta i nasleđem Otomanskog carstva. S obzirom na društveno-kulturne veze i činjenicu da je Bosna i Hercegovina država u kojoj je to nasleđe najprisutnije, ona se u kontekstu posebnih veza sa Turskom pominje najčešće. Drugi pristup je ukorenjen u tradicionalnom spoljnopolitičkom realizmu koji proizlazi iz objektivne i proračunate procene regionalnog odnosa snaga i sopstvenih interesa. U okviru tog pristupa, Turska iz bezbednosnih i strateških razloga nastoji da deluje pragmatično i ostvaruje svoje namere na Balkanu, a da se pritom ne uplete u krize koje bi mogle da joj ometaju uticaj u regionu. Ovaj pristup Tursku vodi ka aktivnim odnosima sa Srbijom, koja je u strateškom smislu značajna zemlja u regionu, jer je Ankara duboko uverena da, ukoliko želi da bude delotvorna na Balkanu, mora da ima partnerski odnos sa Beogradom. Pri tome, mora da uspostavi ravnotežu između emocija i realizma. Mora pažljivo da neguje odnose sa zajednicama sa kojima ima kulturne i verske veze, kao što su Bošnjačke i Albanske, ali i da istovremeno pazi da od sebe ne odgurne države poput Srbije, čije joj je partnerstvo neophodno ukoliko želi da postigne uspeh na Balkanu. Turska spoljna politika u regionu prošla je kroz dve faze. U prvoj joj je politika prema Balkanu bila previše fokusirana na istoriju i faktore identiteta. Ta praksa je posebno došla do izražaja u fazi koju kritičari vole da nazivaju „neoosmanizmom“, a koja se najčešće povezuje sa Ahmetom Davutogluom, nekadašnjim ministrom inostranih poslova Turske (2009-2014) i kasnije premijerom (2014–2016). Treba naglasiti da je Redžep Tajip Ergodan i tada bio na vlasti, ali je za politiku prema Balkanu bio zadužen prvenstveno Davutoglu. Međutim, upravo zbog retorike kojom se akcenat stavljao na emocije, istoriju i kulturu, spoljna politika Ankare u regionu je tokom tog perioda doživljavala neuspehe jer su lokalni hrišćanski narodi Tursku doživljavali kao ekspanzionističku silu koja se poziva na ranije imperijalno nasleđe, i kao pristrasnog posrednika koji favorizuje muslimanske zajednice kakva je npr. bošnjačka. Realistički impulsi turske spoljne politike su na površinu izbili u drugoj fazi. Ona je započela odlaskom Ahmeta Davutoglua, kada je predsednik Redžep Tajip Erdogan preuzeo čvršću kontrolu nad spoljnom politikom zemlje, pa i prema Balkanu. Ankara od tada stavlja veći naglasak na realizam i pragmatizam, za razliku od ranijeg insistiranja na strastvenoj, istorijskoj retorici. Ovu transformaciju simbolizuju bliže veze sa Srbijom koje balkanskoj politici Ankare daju veću slobodu. Pre nego što se pojavila vest o Erdoganovoj pobedi, tokom predsedničkih i parlamentarnih izbora koji su u Turskoj održani u maju 2023. godine vodila se žestoka debata o budućem smeru spoljne politike zemlje. Dok su neki tvrdili da ona mora da ostane nepromenjena bez obzira na ishod izbora , drugi su verovali u potencijalne promene u sveukupnom odnosu zemlje sa akterima kao što su EU, SAD i Rusija . Međutim, ni pre ni nakon izbora nije bilo naznaka da će se spoljna politika Turske prema Balkanu bitno promeniti. Naprotiv, može da se očekuje da će upornost međunarodnih i domaćih faktora koji su u igri dovesti do dosledne balkanske politike Turske, te da će tamošnje spoljnopolitičke elite, kada se angažuju na Balkanu, i dalje biti prinuđene da balansiraju između emocija i realizma.
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7

Balbim, Renato. Nota Técnica n. 37 (Dirur) : O MCMV voltou: dos tons de cinza do CVA ao policromatismo das pautas identitárias, quais revisões e possibilidades a MP nº 1.162 e suas 253 emendas anunciam? Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.38116/dirur37.

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Grau, Javier, Horacio Terraza, Germán Sturzenegger, Alfredo Rihm, and Diana Milena Rodríguez Velosa. Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006297.

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This document is a collection of available data on solid waste management in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The following bullet points contain a brief description of the most relevant data: The regional average per capita generation of Domestic Solid Waste (DSW) and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is 0.6 kg/cap/day and 0.9 kg/cap/day, respectively. DSW represents, on average, 67% of the MSW generated in the region. The MSW regional average collection rate is 89.9% (as a percentage of the population). Compared with a worldwide average of 73.6%, LAC has a high level of coverage, reflecting the priority the region gives to this service. LAC's coverage is higher than that of Africa (46%), South Asia (65%), and the Middle East and Northern Africa (approximately 85%). Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela have MSW collection rates close to 100% (universal coverage). About 53% of LAC's population receives 2to-5-days a week waste collection service, 45% daily service and 2% once-a-week service. Separate MSW collection, commonly known as selective collection is still uncommon in the region. However, there are cases like that of Brazil, where 62% of municipalities implement selective MSW collection programs. Average unitary collection costs have been estimated at US$34 per collected ton, with high cost variance between countries. For example, the cost in Argentina is US$54, while in Paraguay is only US$6.6 (a US$47 difference). These variations typically reflect differences associated with the (higher-lower) quality of service. Adequate MSW final disposal coverage (i.e., in landfills) is approximately 55% (as a percentage of the population), which means that there is still a large amount of waste that is not disposed and/or treated adequately (45%). The average final disposal cost is US$20.4 per ton disposed. There is a first group of countries where disposal costs are around US$10 (US$5.6 in Ecuador, US$11.4 in Chile), a second group where it costs around US$20 (US$18.8 in Costa Rica, US$23.3 in Colombia), and then there¿s Brazil, where costs are, on average, considerably higher (US$31.5). In several LAC countries MSW management costs are directly afforded by the municipality. The average cost recovery is 51.6%xii. Municipalities typically use property taxes as the main revenue collection system. This collection mechanism represents 52.1% of the total, followed by direct billing to users, with 20.2%; the electricity bill (15.3%); and the water & sanitation bill (12.4%).
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D., Muller, Epprecht M., and Sunderlin W.D. Nguoi nghèo o dâu? Cây coi o dâu?": Ðat muc tiêu xóa dói giam nghèo và bao ton rung tai Viet nam. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/002051.

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Report on the Regional Focal Points Meeting - Pacific. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/5289.

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The Regional Focal Points Meeting for the Pacific region was held in Lautoka, Fiji from 23-24 March 2023. The two-day meeting was chaired by Prof. Asha Kanwar, President and CEO, Commonwealth of Learning (COL) and facilitated by COL’s Vice President, Dr Venkataraman Balaji, Education Specialist: Open Schooling, Dr Tony Mays and Education Specialist: Teacher Education Dr Betty Ogange. Official representatives from Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Tuvalu attended the two-day meeting to discuss country priorities. The list of participants and agenda of the meeting are included as Annex 1 and 2, respectively.
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