Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tong dai'

The aim of this research is to bridge the correlation of peace and foreign investments through the lens of North et al.’s (2013) Limited Access Orders (LAOs). The research seeks to engage in the discussion of LAOs by providing a perspective from analyzing Chinese investments under the context of New Silk Road policy with the case of Tasang Dam. Current discussion of LAOs does not involve how foreign investments affect institutional transition in LAOs. Therefore this research is a humble attempt to engage in the existing literature from a different perspective.         Tasang Dam is designed to be built in southern Shan State, Myanmar, an area that has encountered continuous armed conflicts. The conflicts between the local armed group SSA-S/RCSS and the Tatmadaw continue even after a ceasefire agreement was signed in 2011. Chinese investors acting under the context of New Silk Road project have tried to involve in creating stability in the area to reduce costs.         According to the LAOs logic, if the access to rents is open to armed organizations, there will be motivations for rival parties to avoid violence. In order to redistribute the resources, there should be an institutional transition. In Tasang Dam’s case, the rents created by Chinese investments are not available to SSA-S/RCSS, but with the Chinese investments as the democratization of Myanmar goes on, there are opportunities to alter the story of repeated violence.

Biological actions of Ang II are mediated through two distinct different receptors linked to the cell membrane, the AT1R and AT2R (De Gasparo et al, 2000). Most of the effects of Ang II are mediated via the AT1R while AT2R stimulation has been suggested to counteract many actions mediated by AT1R through the induction of vasodilation, antiproliferation and apoptosis but the role of AT2R in these processes remains to be completely elucidated (De Gasparo et al, 2000; Volpe et al, 2003; Stoll et al, 2001; Zhou et al, 2008; Yamamoto et al, 2008; Tsutsumi et al, 1999; Carey et al, 2001; Carey et al, 2000). However, stimulation of this receptor evokes pathways that involve tyrosine or serine/threonine phosphatases. Three such AT2R-associated phosphatases, that interact with the ERK1/2 pathway have been identified: mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and SH2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-1) (Fischer et al, 1998).The blocking of AT1 receptors by AT1 receptor blockers II greatly increases the plasma concentration of Ang II, which could be available for the stimulation of AT2 receptors and this action could contribute to their antihypertensive activities. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue ACE2 are responsible for the production of Angiotensin II (Ang II), potent vasopressor and Ang-(1-7), a potent vasodilator, respectively (Ferrario et al, 1997). Because of the opposing actions of Ang 1-7 and Ang II, ACE2 activity may determine blood pressure homeostasis (Ferrario et al, 1997; Iyer et al, 1998; Santos et al, 2007). In fact ACE2 mRNA and protein are markedly reduced in hypertensive rats (Crackower et al, 2002). ACE2's pathophysiological relevance is supported by its altered expression in cardiac, vascular and renal dysfunctions, by the deleterious effects of ACE2 gene deletion on the cardiovascular and renal systems (Zisman et al, 2003; Ishiyama et al, 2004; Tikellis et al, 2006) as well as the increased plasma, kidney and heart Ang II levels found in ACE2 knockout mice. Together, these data indicate that ACE2 plays a protective role in organs directly related to hypertension and associated diseases (Ferreira et al, 2008).A clinical condition of chronic blockade of AT1 receptor occurs in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes, an example of endogenous Ang II AT1R antagonism.Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes, caused by gene defects in specific kidney transporters and ion channels, present a puzzling clinical picture characterized by hypokalemia, sodium depletion, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), with increased plasma levels of Ang II and aldosterone and yet normo/hypotension, reduced peripheral resistance and hyporesponsiveness to pressor agents (Calò et al, 2000). Therefore, we have proffered these patients as a good system to explore the signaling pathways responsible for mediating the signaling of Ang II based on the results of an extensive series of studies that have provided mechanistic explanations for these patients vascular hyporeactivity (Calò et al, 2003; Calò et al, 2001; Calò et al, 2004; Pagnin et al, 2004; Calò et al, 2005; Calò et al, 2005; Pagnin et al, 2005; Davis et al, 2006; Semplicini et al, 2006). Along with these findings has come the recognition that Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes offer a means to explore the mechanisms responsible for maintenance/controlling vascular tone and cardiovascular remodeling involved in the Ang II signaling mediated by AT2 receptors.
L'Ang II media le sue azioni biologiche attraverso il legame a due distinti recettori legati alla membrana cellulare, i recettori AT1 ed i recettori AT2 (De Gasparo et al, 2000). La maggior parte delle azioni biologiche dell'Angiotensina II, compresa la contrazione della cellula muscolare liscia vascolare, la crescita e l'infiammazione, sono mediate attraverso il legame con i recettori AT1. Evidenze recenti indicano che il recettore AT2 controbilancia questi effetti inducendo vasodilatazione, inibendo la crescita cellulare e l'infiammazione e mediando effetti antiipertrofici ed antiapoptotici (De Gasparo et al, 2000; Volpe et al, 2003; Stoll et al, 2001; Zhou et al, 2008; Yamamoto et al, 2008). L'effetto vasodilatante mediato dai recettori AT2 (Tsutsumi et al, 1999; Carey et al, 2001; Carey et al, 2000) è mediato dal sistema bradichinina/NO/cGMP, mentre la sua azione antirimodellamento è mediata dalla attivazione di fosfatasi che defosforilano la ERK1/2 (Fischer et al, 1998). Il blocco dei recettori AT1 con bloccanti dei recettori AT1 dell'Angiotensina II fa aumentare notevolmente la concentrazione plasmatica di Ang II che si rende così disponibile per lo stimolo dei recettori AT2 e questa azione, peraltro, potrebbe contribuire alla loro attività antiipertensiva. Una condizione clinica sovrapponibile a quella indotta dal blocco cronico del recettore AT1 si verifica nelle Sindromi di Bartter e Gitelman, malattie genetiche caratterizzate da ipokalemia, deplezione di sodio, attivazione del sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterone (RAAS), con aumentati livelli plasmatici di Ang II e aldosterone, ma normo-ipotensione, ridotte resistenze periferiche ed iporesponsività agli agenti pressori (Calò et al, 2000). Negli studi effettuati su questi pazienti dal nostro gruppo di lavoro, si è dimostrato che il signaling a breve termine dell'Ang II via recettori AT1 è ridotto (Calò et al, 2003; Calò et al, 2001; Calò et al, 2004; Pagnin et al, 2004; Calò et al, 2005; Calò et al, 2005; Pagnin et al, 2005; Davis et al, 2006; Semplicini et al, 2006). La ridotta sensibilità agli effetti dell'Ang II mediati da questi recettori nei pazienti con Sindrome di Bartter e Gitelman, li rende un modello sperimentale umano ideale per la valutazione dei meccanismi cellulari e molecolari mediati dai recettori AT2. Lo scopo dei nostri studi è stato quello di utilizzare questo modello per poter studiare il segnale mediato dai recettori AT2, prendendo in considerazione inizialmente la via a lungo termine mediata dall'Ang II, analizzando il processo di infiammazione, direttamente collegato allo stress ossidativo e il conseguente processo di rimodellamento cardiovascolare. Una condizione clinica sovrapponibile a quella indotta dal blocco cronico del recettore AT1 si verifica nelle Sindromi di Bartter e Gitelman, malattie genetiche caratterizzate da ipokalemia, deplezione di sodio, attivazione del sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterone (RAAS), con aumentati livelli plasmatici di Ang II e aldosterone, ma normo-ipotensione, ridotte resistenze periferiche ed iporesponsività agli agenti pressori (Calò et al, 2000). Negli studi effettuati su questi pazienti dal nostro gruppo di lavoro, si è dimostrato che il signaling a breve termine dell'Ang II via recettori AT1 è ridotto (Calò et al, 2003; Calò et al, 2001; Calò et al, 2004; Pagnin et al, 2004; Calò et al, 2005; Calò et al, 2005; Pagnin et al, 2005; Davis et al, 2006; Semplicini et al, 2006). La ridotta sensibilità agli effetti dell'Ang II mediati da questi recettori nei pazienti con Sindrome di Bartter e Gitelman, li rende un modello sperimentale umano ideale per la valutazione dei meccanismi cellulari e molecolari mediati dai recettori AT2.

Syfte och frågeställningar

Studiens övergripande syfte var att undersöka talangutvecklingen inom Stockholmsfotbollen med avseende på dam- och flickfotbollen. Syftet var vidare att se vad satsningarna på talangerna har resulterat i. Frågeställningar som studien utgick ifrån var: Vad gör talangerna idag? Spelar de fortfarande fotboll, och i så fall på vilken nivå? Har de slutat att spela fotboll, och i så fall varför och vid vilken ålder? Är de på något annat sätt än som spelare involverade inom fotbollen idag? Hur har deras studiegång sett ut samt hur har den påverkat fotbollskarriären? Har längden och mängden av investerad tid i fotboll påverkat fotbollskarriären?

Metod

Studien genomfördes med hjälp av postenkät. Enkäten skickades till en urvalsgrupp bestående av 245 individer födda från 1983 till 1989. Dessa fotbollsspelare togs vid 14-års ålder ut för att delta på det läger som kallas Bosölägret.

Resultat

Resultaten visade att fler än hälften av talangerna idag har slutat med fotboll. Av de 102 talanger som fortfarande spelade fotboll hade 27 av dem nått eliten. 117 spelare hade slutat och de allra flesta gjorde det mellan 16 och 18 års ålder. De huvudsakliga anledningarna till att spelarna slutade var att juniorlag splittrades, seniorfotbollen inte var lika rolig och att studierna tog alltför mycket tid. De spelare som gick på gymnasieprogram med fotbollsinriktning tenderade dock att ha fortsatt spela fotboll i större utsträckning.

Slutsats

Utifrån studiens resultat får Stockholms Fotbollförbund och de enskilda föreningarna, utifrån sina egna kriterier, utvärdera om den utdelning som investeringarna har gett kan anses var godkänd ur ett elitperspektiv. Att mindre än hälften av de undersökta spelarna fortfarande är aktiva idag får dock anses vara en låg siffra. Tittar man samtidigt på hur många de är som har slutat att spela fotboll samt hur få de är som, i annan roll än som spelare, engagerar sig har inte de investeringar man har gjort gett tillräcklig avkastning ur ett bredare perspektiv.

Aim

The aim of this study was to look into the development of talents regarding women’s soccer in Stockholm. The aim was furthermore to see what results the investments in the talents has generated. Questions at issue were: What does the talents do today? Do they still play soccer and in that case on what level? Have they quit playing soccer and in that case why? Are they in any other way than as a player involved in the organisation of soccer today? How has their course of studies been like and have that in any way affected their careers as soccer players? Has the amount and the intensity of time invested in soccer affected their careers as soccer players?

Method

The data for this study was collected by a survey sent by mail to a group of 245 individuals born between the years of 1983 to 1989. These players were at the age of 14 selected to attend a special camp called “Bosölägret”.

Results

27 of the 102 still active players were at the time playing for an elite club. 117 of the players had quit playing soccer and a majority of those did so between the ages of 16 to 18. The main reasons for the drop out were that their youth team was splitted and that they didn’t consider playing for the senior squad as fun as playing for the youth squad. Another reason was that school occupied too much of their time, yet those individuals who studied a programme in upper secondary school with a soccer profile tended to have continued playing soccer to a larger extent.

Conclusion

On the basis of the results it’s up to the federation and to the clubs, on the basis of their criterion, to evaluate if the distribution from the investments are satisfactory from an elite perspective. Still more than half of them have quit playing soccer and a very small amount of the players are today involved in the organization of soccer in any other way than as a player. If one take in account all the investments made by the federation, the clubs and the people involved, the investments haven’t given enough returns from a wider perspective.

Negli ultimi anni, in Italia sono stati tradotti un gran numero di opere letterarie cinesi grazie all’impegno e alla passione di numerosi sinologi, studiosi e traduttori italiani. Tuttavia, gli studi sulla traduzione della letteratura cinese sono, sia in Cina che in Italia, relativamente pochi e non sempre uniformi: in Cina è difficile trovare dati completi, sistematici e dotati di un certo valore di riferimento, e in Italia, una ricerca di questo tipo ha avuto origine nell’ambito degli studi sinologici italiani, piuttosto che in quello degli studi sulla traduzione. A partire da una rassegna dei principali approcci agli studi sulla traduzione (letteraria) dalla seconda metà del XX secolo fino ai nostri giorni, questo lavoro di tesi tenta di analizzare da un lato le tendenze generali relative alla traduzione e alla pubblicazione delle opere letterarie cinesi in Italia in un arco temporale che va dal 1942 al 2018, tramite alcune analisi di tipo sia quantitativo che qualitativo basate su una tabella di dati concernenti la letteratura cinese sul mercato editoriale italiano che è stata costruita appositamente; dall’altro, questa ricerca intende investigare le strategie utilizzate per tradurre i diversi riferimenti culturali riscontrati nel corpus di testi scelti e che sono stati suddivisi nelle seguenti categorie: antroponimi, intertestualità, riferimenti al contesto politico e culturale, gastronomia e altri riferimenti culturali. Attraverso un’analisi comparativa e descrittiva dei testi di partenza e dei testi di arrivo, ai fini della tesi si sono indagate le problematiche riguardanti la traduzione e la ricezione della letteratura cinese in Italia e le tendenze che tale letteratura ha avuto sia in ambito editoriale che nel campo della traduzione letteraria.
In recent years, thanks to the commitment and passion of numerous Italian sinologists, scholars and translators, a large number of Chinese literary works have been translated into Italian. Nevertheless, literature on this subject is still scarce and dispersed either in China or in Italy. To illustrate, in China, merely limited data can be obtained, whilst in Italy, research address more on Italian sinological studies rather than on translation studies. So, the research aims to conduct a diachronic study on the general situation of the translation and publication of Chinese literary works in Italy, as well as a descriptive-comparative analysis concerning translation strategies and choices in the process of the translation of Chinese literature. The thesis begins with a review of main approaches to literary translation studies from the second half of the 20th century. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses based on a list of Chinese literary works in the Italian publishing market, this thesis attempts to analyze general trends related to the translation and publication of Chinese literary works in Italy from 1942 to 2018. Besides, the research also examines strategies used to translate different culture-specific references as can be found in the selected novels by Su Tong, Yu Hua, Zhang Jie and Mo Yan. These culture-specific references have been further divided into anthroponyms, intertextuality, words within political and cultural contexts, and gastronomy, etc. The result shows that from 1942 to 2018, the translation and publication of Chinese literary works in Italy experienced a conspicuous expansion, accompanied by important changes in the interest of Italian publishing market on authors, literary themes, translators and publishing houses, etc. Concerning the translation of culture-specific references, there is a great variety of translation strategies and choices, which are determined by multiple factors and in general indicate trends of maintaining or neutralizing the cultural strangeness.

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Sequ?ncias de est?mulos r?tmicos apresentados na faixa 125-2000ms (0.3-8Hz) podem ter efeitos importantes sobre a percep??o, motricidade e a cogni??o. A "Dynamic Attending" ? uma teoria que pressup?e a exist?ncia de oscila??es atencionais flex?veis ? sincroniza??o com eventos ambientais r?tmicos, fen?meno denominado arrastamento. A percep??o de ritmo tem sido implicada a ?reas classicamente de controle motor, notadamente os n?cleos da base. Estes n?cleos t?m sido atrelados tamb?m ao funcionamento executivo, atrav?s de la?os c?rtico-estriatais-tal?mico-corticais. Considerando as fun??es executivas sediadas no c?rtex pr?-frontal como integrantes desse circuito, o objetivo deste estudo ? caracterizar o efeito de est?mulos auditivos r?tmicos sobre par?metros de comportamento motor, desempenho cognitivo executivo e sinais eletrofisiol?gicos. A amostra (n=24) foi calculada a partir do software G*Power 3.1. Os participantes foram submetidos a tarefas de tempo motor espont?neo e tarefas de processamento executivo (soma sequencial de d?gitos), com ou sem a presen?a de pulsos sonoros isocr?nicos de tr?s diferentes intervalos. Os resultados mostram que h? sincroniza??o do per?odo motor aos pulsos com ISI (Intervalo entre est?mulos, do ingl?s, ?Inter Stimulus Interval?) igual a 500 ms, e que ISI com 350 ms ou 650 ms aumentam a variabilidade das batidas. N?o foi encontrada diferen?a entre as manipula??es experimentais no que concerne ? ativa??o auton?mica, exceto por diminui??o da frequ?ncia card?aca durante a realiza??o da tarefa com som N?o-Sincronizado 350 ms. Com rela??o aos dados eletroencefalogr?ficos, diferentes padr?es de pot?ncia espectral est?o vinculados ao intervalo de estimula??o. O ?ndice de modula??o delta-gama est? negativamente correlacionado ? taxa de acertos na condi??o 350 ms, e positivamente correlacionado na condi??o Sincronizada. O n?mero de acertos est? atrelado ao ISI, mas o Tempo de rea??o parece ter maior modula??o do ISI e do som. Nossos resultados de tempo motor espont?neo sugerem a exist?ncia de uma ?regi?o ?tima de arrastamento?, com centro em 500 ms, no qual h? maior suscetibilidade de sincroniza??o motora involunt?ria. Al?m disso, os dados indicam independ?ncia entre as fun??es executivas ?quentes? e ?frias?, e que o sistema nervoso parece acionar diferentes estrat?gias de processamento para diferentes contextos temporais do ambiente. Isto ? consistente com um modo r?tmico de processamento, que, no entanto, pode implicar em redu??o do desempenho cognitivo mediante de alta exig?ncia por velocidade de processamento.
Sequences of stimuli presented between 125-2000 ms (0.3-8Hz) may impact on perception, motor responses and cognition. Dynamic Attending Theory postulates oscillations of attention, that may synchronize by entrainment to rhythmic events from environment. Rhythm perception has been shown to involve classical motor areas, notably basal ganglia. These sub-cortical nuclei has been also linked to executive functioning, due to existence of cortical-striatum-thalamic-cortical loops. Since executive function is based on prefrontal cortex activity, this work aims to characterize effect of auditory rhythmic stimuli on motor behavior, executive function and electrophysiological responses. Sample (n=24) was previously calculated by G*Power 3.1 software. Participants were submitted to finger tapping and executive tasks (sequential arithmetic sum), while auditory tones were played or not. Our results show motor synchronization for ISI 500 ms, and increased variability for ISI 350 ms and 650 ms. Autonomic electrophysiological responses did not show any changes, except for a decreased heart rate at ISI 350 ms, Non-Synchronized Condition. Delta-Gama Modulation Index is negatively correlated with hitrate for ISI 350 ms, but positively correlated with hitrate at Synchronized Condition. ISI impacts on hitrate, but a larger modulation of both ISI and auditory stimuli over Reaction Time is shown. Our results suggest an ?optimal entrainment range?, centered at 500 ms, and an increased likelihood for involuntary synchronization at this point. Besides, results suggest so-called cold and hot executive functions are independent processes, and also that nervous system may activate different processing ways for different temporal contexts. These findings also corroborate the existence of a rhythmic processing mode, however, with decreased performance through high speed processing request.

O presente documento é um relatório da disciplina de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, realizada no Convervatório Regional de Évora – Eborae Mvsica, sob orientação do Professor Doutor Dejan Ivanovic e do orientador cooperante Professor José Farinha. Este trabalho possui duas secções. A primeira secção pretende descrever a realização do estágio, contendo uma contextualização do universo escolar em que se insere e descrevendo detalhadamente as práticas pedagógicas adotadas ao longo do ano letivo. A segunda secção possui um caráter investigativo e incide no tema da produção sonora da guitarra, mais precisamente no uso das unhas pelos alunos. Baseado numa metodologia quantitativa, este trabalho procura responder às questões controversas, levantadas no capítulo da problemática, através de resultados objetivos que cruzam variáveis, não só do domínio técnico-interpretativo da guitarra, como também ao nível do desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança; Report of Prática de Ensino Supervisionada discipline, realized in Conservatório Regional de Évora – Eborae Mvsica: Introduction of the Nails in the Guitar Teaching Abstract: This document is a report of Prática de Ensino Supervisionada discipline, realized in Conservatório Regional de Évora – Eborae Mvsica, under the guidance of Professor Doctor Dejan Ivanovic and the cooperating mentor Professor José Farinha. This work has two sections. The first section describes the completion of the intership, having a contextualization of the school and describing in detail the pedagogical practices adopted over the year. The second section has an investigative character and is about the guitar tone production theme. Based on a quantitative methodology, this work wants to answer to the controversial issues in the chapter of the problem, through objective results that cross variables of guitar technique and the child cognitive development.

The goal of this thesis is to create an application, which will be primarily used as three-axis parametrizable musical instrument, respectively a modifi ed MIDI controller, suitable for Android devices. Firstly, several products, which are available on the market, are reviewed and the reader is introduced to the problematics of audio synthesis, available technologies and typical Android device potential. The next chapter is dedicated to application design. Few designs are mentioned with focus on the chosen design concept. A part of this chapter is also a speci cation of the original concept, its implementation and advantages/disadvantages. The next part is dedicated to implementation and optiomalization of some of the critical points. Also the tests are evaluated including a survey about application usability. At the end, the whole work is concluded and the further development is outlined.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing and the prevalence of hearing impairment among children, in the age groups of 3 to 6 years old, from Municipal Nursery and Pre-schools of São José do Rio Preto, S.P. At first stage, audiometries in a free field were performed for screening in 103 children, both sexes in 8 Nursery and 8 Pre-schools previously selected. At second stage, the ones who presented audiometric alterations were referred to the Phonoaudiological Service of FAMERP to perform conventional pure tone audiometer. The classification of hearing impairment in relation to grade was made according to W.H.O. approaches. A male child (0.97%) was found with light grade of conductive hearing impairment in the left ear ( LE=35 dB). There was no significant difference among the ratio of hearing impairment in both sexes (p=1.00). Nine children (8.73%) showed alterations in the hearing thresholds by air conduction in 4000, 6000 and/or 8000 Hz sharp frequencies. The ratio among alterations in these frequencies was not statistically significant in both sexes (p=1.00). There is need of further studies to evaluate the result found in children with alterations in those sharp frequencies. The found prevalence of hearing impairment in this studied population can chek the need of use of prevention programs and earlier diagnosis of hearing impairments.
Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a avaliação da audição e o levantamento da prevalência de deficiência auditiva em amostra de crianças, na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos, em creches e pré-escolas municipais de São José do Rio Preto, etapa, em 103 crianças de ambos os sexos, na referida faixa etária, em 8 creches e 8 pré-escolas previamente selecionadas. As crianças que apresentaram alterações audiométricas na triagem, foram encaminhadas ao ambulatório de fonoaudiologia da famerp para realização de audiometria tonal convencional, em uma segunda etapa. A classificação da deficiência auditiva, em relação ao grau, foi feita segundo os critérios da oms. Foi encontrado uma criança do sexo masculino (0,97%) com deficiência auditiva condutiva de grau leve na orelha esquerda (m oe=35 db). Não houve diferença significativa entre as proporções de deficiência auditiva em ambos os auditivas, por via aérea, nas freqüências agudas de 4000, 6000 e/ ou 8000 hz. Nota de Resumo Não foi estatisticamente significante a diferença entre as proporções de alterações nas freqüências acima descritas em ambos os sexos (p=1,00). Há necessidade de posteriores estudas para avaliação do resultado encontrado em relação ás crianças com alterações nas referidas freqüências agudas. A prevalênciaencontrada de deficiência auditiva na população do estudo, pode comprovar a necessidade da implantação de programas de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce da deficiência auditiva. Unitermos: surdez- métodos de avaliação, classificação; crianças- pré-escolares; audiometria-tonal, da fala.

In this thesis I outline the contribution Community-based theatre has made to New Zealand theatre. This involves a defining of theatre production as a material practice. Community-based theatre was a tendency from the 1930s, a promise of the left theatre movement and, I argue, was being searched for as a form of practice by the avant-garde, experimental practitioners of the 1970s. At the same time, early Māori theatre began as a Community-based practice before moving into the mainstream. With the arrival of neo-liberalism to Aotearoa in 1984, community groups and Community-based theatre could become official providers within the political system. This led to a flowering of practices, which I describe, together with the tensions that arise from being a part of that system. However, neo-liberalism introduced managerial practices into state contracting and patronage policy, which effectively denied this flowering the sustenance deserved. At the same time, these policies commodified mainstream theatre production. In conclusion, I argue that in the current situation of global crisis, Community-based theatre practice has a continuing role to play in giving voice to the multitude and by being a practice of the Common.

Thesis (doctoral)--Zhongguo ke xue yuan, Kunming zhi wu yan jiu suo and Zhongguo ke xue yuan, Zhi wu yan jiu suo, 1993.
Title on added t.p.: Systematics and evolution of Hemsleya (Cucurbitaceae). In Chinese and summary in English. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-116) and index.

碩士
開南大學
觀光運輸學院碩士在職專班
106
The development of world heritage protection has paid more and more attention to the wholeness and sustainability, and it is no longer just focusing on single monuments. Republic of China has been affected by the international trends and has gradually attached importance to the protection of cultural assets. In addition to enforcing the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, several amendments have also met the actual needs. Many areas have begun to promote the regeneration of historic districts. Da-Dao-Cheng has a rich historical background. However, because there are many monuments, a large scale urban renewal scheme is unlikely to be implemented. The government launched the URS projects and Old Building New Life Awards to promote the reuse of idle and old space in the district. The operator of Tong-An-Le Tea House is the descendant of Chen Yue-Ji Teacher House. He has a strong sense of cultural mission. The services, displays, and events organized in the Tong-An-Le Tea House allow the young generation the opportunity to understand the past and achieve self-identification of culture. It was the spirit of the Tea House that fostered the cohesion of Da-Dao-Cheng historic district. So this study employed Tong-An-Le Tea House as a research case. In the actual implementation of these wonderful ideas and practices, what difficulties are they facing and what kind of supporting measures are needed? To residents and tourists, what levels of effectiveness can the government and civilian forces achieve? The researcher wanted to conduct cross-references and assessments through literature reviews, observations, and interviews. Based on the research findings, the researcher came up with the conclusion that the government and the public, the old and new shopkeepers, the street profile and the atmosphere, had a lack of connectivity, resulting in fractures, and the URS projects and Old Building New Life Awards, despite being a good idea, failed to achieve the desired goal. Finally, the researcher put forward relevant suggestions: The government should actively communicate with the public, give proper support, strengthen connectivity, and pay attention to public safety. The operator of Tong-An-Le Tea House and residents should integrate into the traditional atmosphere, incorporate local cultural elements, and build consensus. They should not only preserve the street profile appearance, but also show the local characteristics and peculiarities to provide visitors with in-depth, high quality experience, and to develop the cultural tourism in the area.

碩士
中國醫藥學院
藥物化學研究所
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In this research the performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for assaying the indicative constituents of paeoniflorin from Paeoniae Radix, cinnamic acid from Cinnamomi Ramulus, glycyrrhizin from Glycyrrhizae Radix, hesperidin from Citri Siensis Exocarpium, baicalin from Scutellariae Radix, geniposide from Gardeniae Fructus, puerarin from Puerariae radix , ferulic acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix;and for investiga- ting the contents of these indicative constituents in the follow nine Chinese drug formulas: Shyr-Chyuan-Dah-Bu-Tong, Guey-Jy-Jia- Jwu-Fuh-Tong, Guey-Jy-Jia-Fwu-Ling-Tong, Chair-Hwu-Guey-Jy-Tong Ger-Gen-Tong, An-Jong-San, Shu-Ging-Hwo-Shie-Tong, Jia-Wey-Shiau -Yau-San, Bu-Jong-Yih-Chih-Tong. The turnover rates of these indicative constituents were defined as the percentage yields of these indicative constituents in the said Chinese drug formulas, calculated on the basis of their contents in the respective crude drugs.With the informa- tion so obtained, we have estabilished the facile and practical assay methods for the quality control and routine test of these Chinese drug formulas.

As eleições legislativas de 2015 produziram um resultado inesperado na história da democracia portuguesa, uma vez que deram origem a uma solução governamental inédita, nomeadamente através da cooperação institucional entre os principais partidos de esquerda com representação parlamentar. Com vista a compreender como é que a imprensa generalista portuguesa - nomeadamente os jornais Diário de Notícias, Jornal de Notícias, I, Expresso e Público - transmitiu a mensagem política no que diz respeito à formação dos acordos de incidência parlamentar de esquerda entre o PS, o Bloco de Esquerda, o PCP e o PEV, foram analisados, qualitativa e quantitativamente, todos os artigos presentes nas ditas publicações, desde o período pré-campanha (1 de setembro de 2015) até ao dia de tomada de posse do Governo de António Costa (26 de novembro de 2015), que mencionassem, ou pelo menos equacionassem, a possibilidade de acordo entre o PS e a esquerda. Da análise de conteúdo dos textos selecionados, bem como de algumas marcas não-textuais, foi possível constatar que as diferenças de estilo, supostamente existentes entre as publicações escolhidas, não se destacam verdadeiramente na maior parte das categorias, principalmente no que diz respeito aos jornais de referência. Os dados recolhidos demonstram que, apesar de o tom neutro ter sido encontrado na grande maioria dos artigos de todos os jornais, isso se verificou menos frequentemente no Jornal I, no Expresso e no Diário de Notícias. O I e o DN foram, aliás, os que mais vezes utilizaram o tom negativo. Conclui-se também que o Bloco de Esquerda foi a única entidade partidária a ser referenciada positivamente pelas diversas publicações, e Catarina Martins a única líder que não foi retratada negativamente por nenhuma publicação. António Costa foi o líder mais vezes focado pelos jornais, bem como aquele que mais referências negativas obteve. Registou-se uma tendência contrária àquela que seria de esperar no que diz respeito à individualização, isto é, destaque dos líderes partidários, visto que a publicação que mais o fez foi o semanário Expresso, e que o Diário de Notícias apresentou os mesmos valores que o sensacionalista Jornal I. Em suma, com o presente trabalho pretende-se analisar o tratamento dado pela imprensa generalista nacional à formação do XXI Governo Constitucional português, bem como auxiliar a compreender a participação de partidos outsider em soluções governativas, alterando o seu papel no sistema partidário.
The parliamentary elections held in 2015 produced an unexpected result in the history of the Portuguese democracy by creating an unprecedented governmental solution, namely through the institutional cooperation among the main left-wing political parties with parliamentary representation. In order to understand how did the generalist Portuguese press – namely the newspapers Diário de Notícias, Jornal de Notícias, Expresso and Público – conveyed the political message concerning the formation of the left parliamentary incidence agreements between PS, BE, PCP and PEV, all articles on these periodicals, from the pre-campaign period (September 1, 2015) up to the day António Costa assumed office (November 26, 2015), that mentioned, or at least equated, the possibility of agreement between PS and the left, were analyzed, qualitatively and quantitatively. From the analysis of the content of the selected texts, as well as of some non-textual marks, it was possible to determine that the differences in style, supposedly existent between the chosen newspapers, do not truly stand out in most categories, especially in what concerns the leading publications. Despite the neutral tone found in the vast majority of all newspaper articles, the collected data show that, in the Jornal I, Expresso and DN this happened less frequently. I and DN were, in fact, the ones that used the negative tone more often. It is also clear that Bloco de Esquerda – Left Bloc - was the only party acknowledged positively by the several periodicals, and Catarina Martins the only party-leader that wasn’t portrayed negatively by any newspaper. António Costa was the most talked about leader, as well as the one with more negative references. There was also a countertrend in so far as what could have been expected concerning individualization, i.e., the highlight of the political leaders; Expresso was the paper that did it more frequently, whereas DN presented the same values as the tabloid Jornal I. In short, the intention with this work is to analyze the way the national generalist press dealt with the formation of the XXI Constitutional Government of Portugal, as well as to help shed some light on the participation of outsider parties in the government solution, thus altering their role within the party system.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a existência de enviesamentos partidários na cobertura política dos jornais portugueses em termos de tom, volume e enfoque temático, e que eventuais fatores contextuais influenciam esse enviesamento, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo de quatro jornais, PÚBLICO, Expresso, Jornal de Notícias (JN) e Correio da Manhã (CM), durante os anos eleitorais de 2009 e 2015. Os resultados apontam para que os partidos mainstream sejam favorecidos a nível de volume de cobertura, mas prejudicados em termos de tonalidade de artigos. Encontraram-se diferentes padrões de enviesamento, notando-se, em termos de tom, uma ligeira preferência do CM e Expresso por partidos de direita e uma menor antipatia do JN por partidos mais à esquerda, enquanto no PÚBLICO a dicotomia relevante é mainstream/franja (com os últimos a serem alvo de cobertura menos negativa). Verificou-se a importância do enfoque nas acções de campanha na cobertura jornalística, em detrimento de temas substantivos, principalmente no caso dos partidos mais pequenos. Em termos dos fatores contextuais, constatou-se uma tendência jornalística pelo partido incumbente que se apresentasse às eleições; observaram-se ainda diferentes tendências em períodos distintos do calendário eleitoral, sobressaindo comportamentos opostos ao nível da evolução de neutralidade consoante se tratem de partidos catch-all ou de franjas, além de se ter reconhecido um aumento da politização de 2009 para 2015, com a percentagem de peças neutras a diminuir para todos os partidos. Em suma, comprovou-se a existência de algumas inclinações partidárias na imprensa portuguesa, apesar de esta estar longe dos enviesamentos presentes noutros países com sistemas de media desenvolvidos.
In order to evaluate the existence of party bias in the political coverage of the Portuguese press in terms of tone, volume and thematic focus, and what possible contextual factors have an impact on this bias, a content analysis of four newspapers, PÚBLICO, Expresso, Jornal de Notícias (JN) and Correio da Manhã (CM), during the electoral years of 2009 and 2015 was carried out. The results point out that the mainstream parties are favoured in terms of volume of coverage, but impaired in terms of the tone of articles. Different bias patterns where found, with CM and Expresso showing a slight preference for right-wing parties and JN being less critical of left-wing parties, while in PÚBLICO the relevant dichotomy was mainstream/fringe parties (with the latter having less negative coverage). The importance of press coverage focusing on “campaign actions” was verified, to the detriment of substantive issues, especially in the case of smaller parties. In terms of contextual factors, there was a tendency for news slant favouring the incumbent party; different trends were observed in different periods of the electoral calendar, with neutral news coverage increasing or decreasing whether parties were classified as catch-all or marginal. An increase in politicization from 2009 to 2015 was also observed, with the percentage of neutral stories decreasing for all parties. In sum, some partisan preferences in the Portuguese press were proved, although theses biases are far from the ones present in other countries with developed media systems.