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Hien, Do Thi, and Do Thi Thanh Ha. "ideology of “taking people as the root” of the ly dynasty in Vietnam." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (January 9, 2022): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns4.2093.
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Ideology is always an issue that plays an important role in the life of a society, and that ideology also greatly influences the process of ruling the country of dynasties in the history. Unlike previous dynasties, which lasted only a few decades, the Ly dynasty represents a flourishing period of feudalism lasting more than 200 years. A major event was that King Ly Thanh Tong changed the country name from Dai Co Viet to Dai Viet in 1054, ushering in a brilliant era in Vietnamese history. The ideology of “taking people as the root” of Vietnamese feudal dynasties highlights the unyielding and indomitable fighting spirit for the right to enjoy independence and freedom in the old land of Giao Chi and Cuu Chan, which later was Dai Viet and is now Vietnam. It also reflects the desire for people to live in peace and harmony. This articles focuses on studying the ideology of “taking people as the root” through the reign of kings of the Ly dynasty in Vietnam. From there, the article points out the achievements and limitations in the process of taking care of people, as well as historical lessons for the development of the country today.
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Nguyen Thi Thu, Huong. "Ho Si Duong – Lord’s grand counsellor – and prominent merits to Dai Viet in 17th century." Journal of Science Social Science 66, no. 1 (February 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2021-0013.
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In the Le - Trinh period, particularly under the reign of Emperor Le Hy Tong and Lord Trinh Tac, Ho Si Duong was a well-known historical figure. Assuming the position of Tham tụng (参 從), which had equal power to a prime minister (宰相), Ho Si Duong has left eminent marks in a range of fields, comprising military, politics, diplomacy, social-culture, especially in the aspect of “institutional reform”. He is considered a talented mandarin in the political history of Dai Viet (大越) in the seventeenth century. Based on diverse sources, including history written by the imperial court, official regulations, the information inscribed on the stela (translated version), folk material, the article will shed light on Ho Si Duong’s critical marks and influential contributions to his homeland – Nghe An province in particular as well as to the Dai Viet’s history in general.
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Xue, Shigui, Yan Xue, Danbo Dou, Huan Wu, Ping Zhang, Yang Gao, Yini Tang, Zehua Xia, Sen Yang, and Sizhen Gu. "Kui Jie Tong Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Gut Microbiota and NLRP3/Caspase-1 Classical Pyroptosis Signaling Pathway." Disease Markers 2022 (July 4, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2782112.
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most refractory digestive diseases in the world. Kui jie tong (KJT) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine used clinically to treat UC. This study observed the regulatory effects of KJT on NIMA-related kinase 7- (NEK7-) activated nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 classical pyroptosis pathway and intestinal flora in UC model rats. KJT components were analyzed using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). A UC Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model was established using sodium dextran sulfate (DSS). Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CG), UC model group (UG), KJT group (KG), and sulfasalazine (SASP) group (SG). After seven days of intervention, each group’s body weight, disease activity index (DAI) scores, and colon length were recorded. Intestinal mucosal injury to each group was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, we investigated the expression levels of NEK7, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD in intestinal mucosa, as well as serum interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-18, and IL-33 proinflammatory factors. Intestinal microflora was analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing. KJT controlled weight loss; decreased DAI scores; restored colon length; improved pathological injury in the colon; inhibited NEK7, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N expression; and decreased IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33 contents in UG rats’ serum and colon tissue (P <0.001 or P <0.05). KJT also increased Ruminococcaceae, unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, and unclassified_g_Ruminococcus_1 levels and decreased Erysipelotrichia, Erysipelotrichales, Erysipelotrichaceae, Turicibacter, and uncultured_bacterium_g_Turicibacter levels. KJT alleviated UC immune-inflammatory responses to NLRP3/caspase-1 by inhibiting the NEK-7-activated classic pyroptosis pathway and improving intestinal microflora.
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You, Wenli, Zitong Xu, Aiting Di, Penglin Liu, Chengjian Pang, Jianheng Wang, Xiaoyu Li, et al. "Mechanism by Which Tong Xie Yao Fang Heals the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats with Ulcerative Colitis through the Hippo Pathway." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5533914.
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Objective. Tong Xie Yao Fang (TXYF) is a classic and effective prescription in traditional Chinese medicine which is used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). Our study investigated the effect of TXYF on Hippo pathway activation in UC-induced intestinal mucosa injury and explored the possible mechanism. Method. After ulcerative colitis was successfully induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), 48 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group, model group, TXYF group, and sulfasalazine group and treated with the corresponding drugs for 28 days. The parameters including body weight, colon length, spleen index, and disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological characteristics were assessed. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and IL-6 level in the colon mucosa were determined with the corresponding commercial kits. The expressions of the Hippo pathway components YAP1, TAZ, P-YAP, and LATS1 were detected in the colon mucosa of each group on different stages by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the growth and apoptosis of the colon epithelium. Result. TXYF significantly improved the weight loss, colonic shortening, DAI, spleen enlargement, and histopathological score of the rats with TNBS-induced UC. TXYF also reduced the MPO activity and expression of IL-6 in the colon mucosa. Furthermore, treatment with TXYF significantly increased YAP1 expression in the early stage (3–7 days) and significantly decreased YAP1 expression in the late stage (14–28 days). In the early stage, TXYF inhibited Hippo pathway activity, which promoted proliferation and regeneration of the intestinal mucosa. In the late stage, the Hippo pathway was activated, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and promoting intestinal mucosal differentiation. Conclusion. TXYF alleviated the inflammatory response and promoted mucosal healing in rats with UC, which was probably achieved through the Hippo pathway. These results indicated that TXYF was a potential therapy for treating UC.
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Yung, Faye Dorcas. "Leung, For-Hing. Da Shi Dai li de Xiao Za Zhi: “Xin Er Tong” Ban Yue Kan (1941-1949) Yan Jiu." Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature 53, no. 1 (2015): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bkb.2015.0019.
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Xiao, Rui. "Yi Zhong Qiu Tong: Zhong Guo Dang Dai Yi Xue Shu Yu De Dong Tai Xing Cheng [Seeking Understanding from Differences: The Dynamic Formation of Chinese Contemporary Translation Terminology]." Australian Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 2 (May 21, 2017): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2017.1311293.
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Ferlus, Michel. "Les Systèmes De Tons Dans Les Langues Viet-Muong." Diachronica 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.15.1.02fer.
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SUMMARY The Viet-Muong languages present a wide variety of systems having four to six tones, and reflecting two earlier systems: a six-tone system and a four-tone system in which final -h is preserved. Vietnamese, Muòng and Cuoi are representative of a pure six-tone system in the traditional definition. Sách/ Ruc and Thavung have a four-tone system in which vowel breathiness is preserved in the low tone series. When in such a system breathiness is lost too fast, as in Maleng, the result is a kind of eroded two-tone system. In some languages like Pong and some Vietnamese dialects, final -h was lost without giving contrastive tones, the result being a kind of heterodox four-tone system. The situation of tone systems in Viet-Muong languages is of the highest importance for the theory of tonogenesis. RÉSUMÉ Les langues viet-muong offrent un large éventail de systèmes tonals, de quatre à six tons, provenant tous de deux systèmes antérieurs de base: l'un à six tons et l'autre à quatre tons où le -h final est préservé. Le vietnamien, le muròng et le cuôi sont représentatifs d'un pur système à six tons dans leur définition la plus classique. Le sách/ruc et le thavung ont un système à quatre tons avec des voyelles soufflées sous les tons de la série basse. La chute trop rapide du caractère soufflé, comme en maleng, donne une sorte de système érrodé à deux tons. En pong et dans certains dialectes vietnamiens le -h final est tombé sans entraîner la création de tons supplémentaires, le résultat étant la formation de systèmes tonals hétérodoxes à quatre tons. La variété des systèmes tonals en viet-muong représente un apport important à une théorie de la tonogénèse. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Viet-Muong-Sprachen stellen eine groBe Varietät von Systemen zwi-schen vier und sechs Tonen dar; sie reflektieren zwei frühere Systeme, und zwar ein Sechstonsystem und ein Viertonsystem, in welchen ein finales -h erhalten geblieben ist. Vietnamesisch, Muòng and Cuoi sind repräsentativ fur ein reines Sechstonsystem der herkommlichen Art. Sách/Ruc und Thavung hingegen haben ein Viertonsystem, in welchem eine rauhe Vokalbehauchung in der niederen Tonreihe erhalten geblieben ist. Wenn in einem solchen System die rauhe Behauchung zu schnell verlorengeht, wie im Maleng, ist das Ergebnis eine Art heruntergekommenes Zweitonsystem. In solchen Sprachen wie Pong und einigen vietnamesischen Dialekten war das End-h verlorenge-gangen, ohne jedoch kontrastierende Tone zu erhalten: das Ergebnis war eine Art heterodoxes Viertonsystem. The Situation der Tonsysteme in den Viet-Muong-Sprachen ist von groBter Wichtigkeit fur die Theorie der Tongenese.
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Anselmi, L., L. Toti, C. Bove, and R. A. Travagli. "Vagally mediated effects of brain stem dopamine on gastric tone and phasic contractions of the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 313, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): G434—G441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00180.2017.
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Dopamine (DA)-containing fibers and neurons are embedded within the brain stem dorsal vagal complex (DVC); we have shown previously that DA modulates the membrane properties of neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) via DA1 and DA2 receptors. The vagally dependent modulation of gastric tone and phasic contractions, i.e., motility, by DA, however, has not been characterized. With the use of microinjections of DA in the DVC while recording gastric tone and motility, the aims of the present study were 1) assess the gastric effects of brain stem DA application, 2) identify the DA receptor subtype, and, 3) identify the postganglionic pathway(s) activated. Dopamine microinjection in the DVC decreased gastric tone and motility in both corpus and antrum in 29 of 34 rats, and the effects were abolished by ipsilateral vagotomy and fourth ventricular treatment with the selective DA2 receptor antagonist L741,626 but not by application of the selective DA1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390. Systemic administration of the cholinergic antagonist atropine attenuated the inhibition of corpus and antrum tone in response to DA microinjection in the DVC. Conversely, systemic administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester did not alter the DA-induced decrease in gastric tone and motility. Our data provide evidence of a dopaminergic modulation of a brain stem vagal neurocircuit that controls gastric tone and motility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dopamine administration in the brain stem decreases gastric tone and phasic contractions. The gastric effects of dopamine are mediated via dopamine 2 receptors on neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The inhibitory effects of dopamine are mediated via inhibition of the postganglionic cholinergic pathway.
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Bove, Cecilia, Laura Anselmi, and R. Alberto Travagli. "Altered gastric tone and motility response to brain-stem dopamine in a rat model of parkinsonism." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 317, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): G1—G7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00076.2019.
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The majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience gastrointestinal dysfunction. Recently, we described a nigro-vagal pathway that uses dopaminergic (DA) inputs to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and A2 area neurons to modulate gastric motility and tone. This pathway is disrupted in a rodent model of PD. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that brain-stem DA modulation of gastric tone and motility is altered in a rodent model of PD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received three weekly intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (10 mg/kg) or saline (control). In naive conditions, microinjection of DA into the DMV induced a gastroinhibitory response in 100% of animals. In 19 of 28 PQ-treated animals, however, microinjection of DA into the DVC induced a biphasic response, with an initial increase in gastric tone and motility followed by a profound gastroinhibition. The excitatory response to DA microinjection was attenuated by a combination of DA type 1 (DA1)- and DA2-like receptor antagonists. Conversely, the inhibitory response was reduced by the DA2-like receptor antagonist only. Pretreatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine did not modulate the response to DA, thus excluding involvement of the A2 area. At the end of the experiments, induction of the Parkinson phenotype was confirmed by the presence of α-synuclein immunoreactivity in the DMV and substantia nigra pars compacta. These data suggest a maladaptive neural plasticity in brain-stem vagal circuits regulating gastric motility in PQ-treated rats that may be responsible for the gastric dysfunction observed in PD models. NEW & NOTEWORTHY After paraquat treatment and induction of Parkinson’s disease, brain-stem dopamine (DA) application induces a biphasic gastric response in the majority of rats, with an initial increase in tone and motility followed by gastroinhibition. The initial increase in gastric tone and motility is mediated via a combined activation of DA type 1 (DA1)- and DA2-like receptors. The inhibitory effects of DA are mediated by DA2-like receptors and are not affected by blockade of adrenergic inputs mediated by α2-adrenoceptors.
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SAGART, Laurent. "A model of the origin of Kra-Dai tones." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 48, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-04801004.
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Abstract This paper finds origins for the three Kra-Dai tones in the segmental endings of Proto-Southern Austronesian, the parent language of Kra-Dai and Malayo-Polynesian. The Kra-Dai A category originates in sonorant endings (vowels, semi-vowels, nasals, liquids) and in Proto-Austronesian *-H2, reconstructed by Tsuchida (1976); the B category in *-R and in *-X, a hitherto not reconstructed ending reflected as -h in Amis and in the Bisayan language Aklanon; the C category, in Proto-Austronesian *-H1, reconstructed by Tsuchida. The tonal outcomes of *-s and *-S are described. Kra-Dai sonorant endings in tone C are argued to come from hypothetical Austronesian prototypes in which a sonorant ending was followed by *-s, a suffix of unknown function. Although the present model does not require Kra-Dai to be a daughter of Proto-Austronesian, the building blocks for Kra-Dai tones are shown to be in place during the Formosan phase of Austronesian phonological history.
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QI, SHUO, ZHI-TONG LYU, JIAN WANG, YUN-MING MO, ZHAO-CHI ZENG, YANG-JIN ZENG, KE-YUAN DAI, YUAN-QIU LI, L. LEE GRISMER, and YING-YONG WANG. "Erratum: SHUO QI, ZHI-TONG LYU, JIAN WANG, YUN-MING MO, ZHAO-CHI ZENG, YANG-JIN ZENG, KE-YUAN DAI, YUAN-QIU LI, L. LEE GRISMER & YING-YONG WANG (2022) Three new species of the genus Boulenophrys (Anura, Megophryidae) from southern China. Zootaxa, 5072: 401–438." Zootaxa 5115, no. 4 (March 16, 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5115.4.10.
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Laura Laso Ramírez, María José Rodríguez Pérez, and Elisabeth Agudelo Montoya. "Manejo anestésico de la tormenta arrítmica mediante bloqueo simpático." Revista Electrónica AnestesiaR 11, no. 12 (January 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30445/rear.v11i12.799.
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La tormenta arrítmica se define por la presencia de tres o más episodios de taquicardia ventricular, fibrilación ventricular y/o descargas de un desfibrilador automático implantable (DAI) en un periodo de 24 horas. En su manejo es esencial la identificación y corrección de factores desencadenantes, como isquemia miocárdica, alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas, descompensación de la insuficiencia cardíaca, así como el adecuado control del tono simpático. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 43 años con miocardiopatía hipertrófica apical, portador de DAI en prevención primaria que ingresa por tormenta arrítmica de difícil control farmacológico y ablación ineficaz, con repercusión clínica importante. Ante posible componente de descarga adrenérgica, se decide implante de catéter epidural alto alcanzándose bloqueo simpático con perfusión de lidocaína y reducción de los episodios arrítmicos. Posteriormente se realizó simpatectomía bilateral torácica con evolución favorable. ABSTRACT Anaesthetic management of arrhythmic storm by sympathetic block The arrhythmic storm is defined by the presence of three or more episodes of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and / or discharges of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in a 24-hour period. In its management, the identification and correction of triggering factors is essential, such as myocardial ischemia, hydroelectrolyte alterations, decompensation of heart failure, as well as the adequate control of sympathetic tone. We present the case of a 43-year-old man with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, carrier of ICD in primary prevention who arrives due to an arrhythmic storm with difficult pharmacological control and ineffective ablation, with important clinical repercussions. Before possible component of adrenergic discharge, it was decided to implant a high epidural catheter reaching sympathetic blockade with lidocaine perfusion and reduction of arrhythmic episodes. Subsequently, bilateral thoracic sympathectomy with favorable evolution was performed.
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Zhou, W., M. He, R. Zhao, C. Dong, and Z. Gu. "AB1331-HPR ACTIVE DISEASE ACTIVITY IN ANKYLOSIS SPONDYLITIS: WORSE OUTCOMES AND POORER HR-QOL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1954.2–1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6288.
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Background:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine, resulting in decline in quality of life[1,2]. Poor QoL is significantly related to high disease activity[3]. However, there is no systematic report on which prognosis indicators are affected by disease activity in AS patients.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the patient-reported outcome measures and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in AS patients defined on the basis of the Bath Spondylitis Ankylosing Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).Methods:204 AS patients were involved in this study. A serious of questionnaires were used to overall assess AS patients, which include: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the 10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), the Fatigue Severity Scale(FSS) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square analysis and Pearson /Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data.Results:The results demonstrated 31.4% AS patients were in active disease activity stage. Active AS patients were older, unemployed, and had less exercise therapy than stable AS patients. Besides, AS patients with active disease activity presented more severe pain(P<0.001), poor physical function(P<0.001) and spinal mobility(P<0.001). They were more anxious(P<0.001), depressed(P<0.001) and had more sleep disturbance(P=0.001). Compared with active AS patients, stable AS patients had more leukocytes(P=0.040), lymphocytes(P=0.002), erythrocytes(P=0.001) and hemoglobin(P<0.001). Active disease activity had a significant impact on all dimensions of quality of life in AS patients(P<0.001).Conclusion:These findings suggested that medical personnel should pay more attention to active AS patients and make effective interventions to improve quality of life.References:[1]Exarchou S, Lindstrom U, Askling J, Eriksson JK, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Neovius M, Turesson C, Kristensen LE, Jacobsson LT (2015) The prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis and its clinical manifestations: a nationwide register study. Arthritis research & therapy 17:118. doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0627-0[2]Qian Q, Xu X, He H, Ji H, Zhang H, Ding Y, Dai SM, Zou Y, Zhu Q, Yang C, Ye S, Jiang L, Tang JP, Tong Q, He D, Zhao D, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Jin L, Zhou X, Reveille JD, Zou H, Wang J (2017) Clinical patterns and characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis in China. Clinical rheumatology 36 (7):1561-1568. doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3660-3[3]Huang JC, Qian BP, Qiu Y, Wang B, Yu Y, Zhu ZZ, Hu J, Qu Z (2017) Quality of life and correlation with clinical and radiographic variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective case series study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 18 (1):352. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1711-1Acknowledgments:Thanks to all the authors for their efforts and thanks to all members of the Department of Rheumatology of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University for their helpfulness in the acquisition of data.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Luke, Jason J., Melissa Johnson, Anthony Tolcher, Christopher T. Chen, Tong Dai, Brendan D. Curti, Anthony El-Khoueiry, et al. "Abstract CT034: GLIMMER-01: initial results from a phase 1 dose escalation trial of a first-in-class bi-sialidase (E-602) in solid tumors." Cancer Research 83, no. 8_Supplement (April 14, 2023): CT034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-ct034.
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Abstract Background: Hypersialylation (excessive sialoglycans) on tumor cells has been known to be associated with poorer cancer outcomes for more than 40 years. Sialoglycans are immune suppressive and promote tumor immune evasion by binding to sialoglycan receptors (e.g. Siglecs) expressed on immune cells. However, redundant immune cell expression among Siglecs has posed a challenge for receptor-targeting therapeutic approaches. E-602 is a first-in-class fusion protein of engineered human sialidase (Neu2) and a human IgG1 Fc region. The dimeric sialidase moieties of E-602 circumvent the redundancy of this biology by directly cleaving terminal sialic acid residues from sialoglycans on immune and tumor cells. In preclinical studies, E-602 enhanced immune function by augmenting antigen-specific priming and activation of T cells and restoring function of exhausted-like T cells, and E-602 demonstrated antitumor activity as monotherapy in multiple mouse tumor models. Methods: A Phase 1/2 first-in-human dose escalation study is evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity of E-602 in patients with advanced cancers. Eligible patients with select advanced solid tumors were treated with E-602 IV once weekly at dose levels between 1 and 30 mg/kg. Circulating immune cells were analyzed for changes in sialylation and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Changes in circulating cytokines were measured by immunoassays. Results: As of January 6, 2023, 32 patients were treated with at least one dose of E-602. The most common tumors treated were colorectal (n=18) and pancreatic (n=6). Doses up to 30 mg/kg were tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities. The most frequent adverse event was infusion-related reactions which were primarily grade 1-2 and clinically manageable. PK was linear across the evaluated dose range with an estimated T1/2 of 9-24 hours. Dose dependent PD observations included (1) desialylation of peripheral CD8+ T, CD4+ T, and NK cells, remaining detectable in some patients at 7 days post-dose; (2) increases in the immune activation marker, CD69, on peripheral CD8+ T, CD4+ T, and NK cells; and (3) increases in the IFNγ-dependent chemokine CXCL10, TNF-α, and MIP1-β. Thus far, response-evaluable patients have had stable or progressive disease. Additional safety, PK, PD, and clinical outcomes for other patients treated as part of backfill at multiple dose levels will be reported at the meeting. Conclusion: E-602 is tolerated at doses up to 30 mg/kg. Consistent with preclinical findings, dose-dependent desialylation and immune system activation were observed. Based on the observed tolerability and PD effects, the Phase 2 portion of the study to evaluate clinical activity of E-602 monotherapy in patients with checkpoint-inhibitor resistant NSCLC and melanoma will proceed. Citation Format: Jason J. Luke, Melissa Johnson, Anthony Tolcher, Christopher T. Chen, Tong Dai, Brendan D. Curti, Anthony El-Khoueiry, Mario Sznol, Brian S. Henick, Christine Horak, Pushpa Jayaraman, Christopher B. Cole, Dawn Wilson, Lizhi Cao, Li Peng, David Feltquate, Deanne Lathers, Manish R. Sharma. GLIMMER-01: initial results from a phase 1 dose escalation trial of a first-in-class bi-sialidase (E-602) in solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr CT034.
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Li, Yu-Wei, Ding Ma, Xiang-Rong Wu, Lei-Jie Dai, Shen Zhao, Yu-Zheng Xu, Xi Jin, et al. "Abstract PS09-09: Multiomics profiling and molecular classification refine precision treatment strategies for HER2-positive breast cancer." Cancer Research 84, no. 9_Supplement (May 2, 2024): PS09–09—PS09–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-ps09-09.
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Abstract Background: Anti-HER2 targeted therapy has achieved a series of breakthroughs. However, the current treatment strategy regarding HER2-positive breast cancer remains indiscriminate and lacks specificity, which limits the further improvement of overall treatment response and may lead to overtreatment and extra cost for some patients. Our study aims to reveal the molecular heterogeneity of HER2-positive breast cancer to guide a more precise treatment. Patients and methods: We selected HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between 2013 and 2014 and conducted genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling. We then applied a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm on transcriptomic data to obtain an unsupervised classification. And we further studied the correlation between subtypes and corresponding treatment strategies in multiple cohorts of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy. For clinical accessibility, we developed convolutional neural network models through deep learning algorithm based on digital pathology to identify different subtypes. Additionally, we explored novel treatment strategies using the patient-derived organoids (PDOs) models. Results: We established a novel multiomics cohort of 180 HER2- breast cancer patients and classified them into four clinically significant molecular subtypes: (1) A classical HER2-enriched (HER2-CLA, N=51) subtype characterized by strong ERBB2 signaling and remarkable sensitivity to anti-HER2-targeted therapy (pathologic complete response with dual-targeted therapy: 93%). (2) an immunomodulatory (HER2-IM, N=36) subtype characterized by an immune-activated microenvironment and excellent prognosis with current treatment (no relapse in 97% of patients with a median follow-up of 86 months). Tumors of this subtype were therefore candidates for de-escalatory treatment. (3) A luminal-like (HER2-LUM, N=55) subtype distinguished by activated estrogen receptor signaling and (4) a basal/mesenchymal-like (HER2-BM, N=38) subtype enriched in activated receptor tyrosine kinase pathways. HER2-LUM and HER2- BM showed limited benefit from anti-HER2 therapy, and thus, add-on therapies might be needed. The overall area under the curve (AUC) of the convolutional neural network model based on digital pathology for identifying different subtypes is 0.77. In the exploration of novel treatment strategies, we found in the PDO model that the HER2-LUM subtype is more sensitive to a treatment regimen combining standard (chemotherapy and targeted therapy) with subsequent endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors compared to other subtypes. Additionally, the HER2-BM subtype demonstrated greater sensitivity to treatment with a combination of EGFR inhibitors, PDGFR inhibitors or VEGFR inhibitors. Conclusion: We uncovered a high degree of molecular heterogeneity in HER2-positive breast cancer and illustrated its impact on treatment response. More precise treatment can be given according to the characteristics of different subtypes, which may achieve good efficacy and simultaneously reduce overtreatment and extra cost. The comprehensive profiling of HER2-positive breast cancers could also serve as an important resource for further exploration. Key Words: HER2-positive breast cancer cohort; molecular classification; targeted therapy; precision treatment; de-escalatory treatment. Citation Format: Yu-Wei Li, Ding Ma, Xiang-Rong Wu, Lei-Jie Dai, Shen Zhao, Yu-Zheng Xu, Xi Jin, Xiao Yi, Ying Wang, Cai-Jin Lin, Yi-Fan Zhou, Tong Fu, Wen-Tao Yang, Ming Li, Hong Lv, Yi-Zhou Jiang, Zhi-Ming Shao. Multiomics profiling and molecular classification refine precision treatment strategies for HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS09-09.
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Yu, P., K. M. Harnett, P. Biancani, G. De Petris, and J. Behar. "Interaction between signal transduction pathways contributing to gallbladder tonic contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 265, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): G1082—G1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.265.6.g1082.
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Muscle strips were used to study the mechanisms that generate cat gallbladder tone. Strontium substitution for calcium and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H-7 abolished the tone, whereas the calmodulin antagonist W-7 had no effect, suggesting that tone depends on intracellular calcium release and the PKC pathway. Basal levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) were higher in gallbladder muscle than in esophageal muscle, which does not maintain tone. These data suggest that IP3 might interact with DAG to activate PKC during tonic contraction. This interaction was demonstrated in single cells in which a low dose of IP3 potentiated DAG and the potentiation was blocked by H-7. Furthermore, low doses of IP3 induced contraction, which was blocked by H-7 and unaffected by the calmodulin antagonist CGS-9343B; high doses of IP3 were unaffected by H-7 but were blocked by CGS-9343B; DAG-induced contraction was blocked by activated calmodulin. We conclude that 1) the synergistic action of DAG and IP3-calcium release, which further activates PKC, might be responsible for gallbladder tone and 2) activated calmodulin appears to inhibit the effect of PKC.
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Pimentel, Rodrigo Meirelles de Azevedo, and Julio Marcos Melges Walder. "Gamma radiation in papaya harvested at three stages of maturation." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 2 (April 2004): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000200004.
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Papaya is a fragile, perishable fruit, highly accepted worldwide. To keep the quality of papaya from harvest to the consumers, conservation techniques are often used; among them is the application of gamma irradiation. The objective of this work was to evaluate gamma irradiation in papayas harvested at three degrees of maturation, in order to increase shelf life. Papayas were harvested in perfect quality conditions and selected by skin coloration into three distinct degrees of maturation: maturation 0, or beginning of yellow coloration; maturation 1, yellow stripes more developed, and maturation 2, one third yellow. Half of them were irradiated with 0.75 kGy, while the other half became control treatment. They were analyzed in four periods of conservation, which were 1 DAI (days after irradiation refrigerated at 11 ± 1°C), 14 DAI, 14 DAI + 3 DRT (room temperature at 24° ± 2°C) and 14 DAI + 6 DRT. The papaya maturation degree at harvest did not influence the radiation effect. Irradiation maintained firmness of papaya and, therefore, delayed ripening; modified the green color of papaya to a lighter, more intense tone, which determined more homogeneity in the development of the skin's yellow color (greater values of L* and croma). There was no effect of irradiation in papaya weight loss, occurrence of diseases, croma of flesh color, pH and total soluble solids contents.
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Hidayat, Ahmad, and Dedy Pradesa. "Mengelola Energi Spiritual Bagi Dai': Belajar dari nabi Ibrahim." INTELEKSIA - Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55372/inteleksiajpid.v3i1.142.
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Energi spiritual adalah penggerak di balik semua kegiatan seseorang untuk menjalankan nilai yang dipegang teguh dan dengan tujuan di luar kepentingan pribadi, termasuk kegiatan menjalankan kewajiban berdakwah. Penting bagi dai, yaitu subjek atau pelaku dakwah, untuk memiliki metode manajemen energi spiritual yang baik, yaitu: (1)memiliki teknik meningkatkan energi spiritual, sehingga memiliki kapasitas yang tinggi; (2) kemampuan menggunakanya secara efisien, serta; (3) memiliki sistem pemulihannya. Lewat teladan Nabi Ibrahim sebagai dai, kita dapat menggali tiga teknik manajemen energi spiritual di atas. Pijakan teori yang digunakan adalah manajemen energi spiritual Jim Loehr dan Tony Schawartz. Metodologi studinya adalah studi pustaka. Hasil telah pustaka ini adalah: (1) Nabi Ibrahim secara terus menerus dan bertahap meningkatkan kapasitas energi spiritualnya, melalui menjalankan perintah berdakwah yang menantang rasa amannya; (2) Nabi Ibrahim tidak membenci dan sakit hati dengan penolakan misi dakwahnya, sebaliknya Ia terus menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah, tidak memaksa dan mendoakan keselamatan pada mereka yang menolak, sehingga energi spiritualnya tidak boros dikeluarkan untuk rasa kecewa atau frustasi karena ditolak umat; (3) Nabi Ibrahim melakukan jeda dan memanfaatkan energi spiritualnya dengan mengingat kebesaran, kasih sayang, keadilan Allah Swt. serta kewajiban dakwah yang bersifat mutlak, melakukan dakwah secara etis, ilmiah, dan tidak memaksa.
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Mauban, Joseph R. H., Joseph Zacharia, Seth Fairfax, and Withrow Gil Wier. "PC-PLC/sphingomyelin synthase activity plays a central role in the development of myogenic tone in murine resistance arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 308, no. 12 (June 15, 2015): H1517—H1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00594.2014.
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Myogenic tone is an intrinsic property of the vasculature that contributes to blood pressure control and tissue perfusion. Earlier investigations assigned a key role in myogenic tone to phospholipase C (PLC) and its products, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Here, we used the PLC inhibitor, U-73122, and two other, specific inhibitors of PLC subtypes (PI-PLC and PC-PLC) to delineate the role of PLC in myogenic tone of pressurized murine mesenteric arteries. U-73122 inhibited depolarization-induced contractions (high external K+ concentration), thus confirming reports of nonspecific actions of U-73122 and its limited utility for studies of myogenic tone. Edelfosine, a specific inhibitor of PI-PLC, did not affect depolarization-induced contractions but modulated myogenic tone. Because PI-PLC produces IP3, we investigated the effect of blocking IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ release on myogenic tone. Incubation of arteries with xestospongin C did not affect tone, consistent with the virtual absence of Ca2+ waves in arteries with myogenic tone. D-609, an inhibitor of PC-PLC and sphingomyelin synthase, strongly inhibited myogenic tone and had no effect on depolarization-induced contraction. D-609 appeared to act by lowering cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration to levels below those that activate contraction. Importantly, incubation of pressurized arteries with a membrane-permeable analog of DAG induced vasoconstriction. The results therefore mandate a reexamination of the signaling pathways activated by the Bayliss mechanism. Our results suggest that PI-PLC and IP3 are not required in maintaining myogenic tone, but DAG, produced by PC-PLC and/or SM synthase, is likely through multiple mechanisms to increase Ca2+ entry and promote vasoconstriction.
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Köhnlein, Björn. "The complex durational relationship of contour tones and level tones." Diachronica 32, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 231–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.32.2.03koh.
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The production of a contour tone requires a longer duration than the production of a level tone. This paper demonstrates that this durational relationship becomes considerably more complex when tones are realized on bimoraic sonorant units that can support both level tones and contour tones. Evidence comes from diachronic processes in which pitch and duration interact. In languages where (intrinsic) durational differences between two groups of bimoraic units lead to tonal contrasts, the longer units commonly receive a contour tone, and the shorter ones a level tone; yet over time, the units with the fully developed contour tone tend to shorten, and those with the level tone tend to lengthen. Ultimately, this can even lead to durational reversals between the units in question. The discussion focuses primarily on Franconian tone accent dialects but also incorporates data from Estonian, Hup, Las Norias Piman and North Low Saxon.
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Vitrano-Wilson, Seth. "Tai Dam orthographies." Written Language and Literacy 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 198–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00015.vit.
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Abstract Tai Dam [blt] is a Southwestern Tai (< Kra-Dai) language spoken in Vietnam, Laos, China, and Thailand with approximately 750,000 speakers (Simons & Fennig 2017). The Tai Viet script has been used for centuries to write Tai Dam and other Tai languages. Because the Tai Viet script is not taught in schools, however, some Tai Dam readers prefer to use adaptations of the Vietnamese and Lao orthographies for writing Tai Dam. This paper describes Tai Dam orthographies in the Tai Viet, Lao, and Roman scripts. Particular focus is given to the way writers have faced the challenge of tonal mismatch between Tai Dam and Vietnamese or Lao by borrowing tone marking devices from one script to another, and to the sociolinguistic implications of these tone marking systems.
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Riad, Tomas. "The Origin of Scandinavian Tone Accents." Diachronica 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 63–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.15.1.04ria.
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SUMMARY This article presents a hypothesis about the origin of tone accent in Swedish and Norwegian. The main idea is that the presence of Proto-Nordic secondary stress and its subsequent reduction is essential to the development of accent 2. Developing an earlier proposal (Riad 1988), it is argued that stress clash is critical in the phonologization of tonal information. Support for the major claims is provided by the correlation of Proto-Nordic secondary stress and accent 2 in the modern languages, the synchronic behaviour of accent 2 in Modern Standard Swedish, its manifestation in conservative dialects, and distributional differences between three Scandinavian varieties, which reflect different stages of development. Other, earlier theories of the origin of the accents are discussed in the appendix. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente une hypothèse de l'origine des accents tonaux en suédois et en norvégien. L'idée principale est que la présence de l'accent dynamique secondaire en proto-nordique et sa réduction subséquente sont essentielles pour le développement de l'accent 2. Ici l'auteur développe la proposition de Riad (1988) selon laquelle le facteur qui cause la phonologisation d'information tonale est le 'stress clash' (le conflit de l'accent tonique). À l'appui des aspects principaux de l'hypothèse il y a la corrélation entre l'accent dynamique secondaire en proto-nordique et l'accent 2 (tonal) dans les langues modernes, la comportement synchronique d'accent 2 en suédois moderne, sa manifestation dans les dialectes conservateurs, et des différences distribu-tionelles entre trois dialectes Scandinaves, qui présentent les différents étapes du développement. On discute d'autres théories de l'origine des accents dans un appendice. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In diesem Aufsatz wird eine Hypothèse zur ÖEntstehung der schwedischen und norwegischen tonalen Akzente vorgelegt. Ihr Kernpunkt ist, daß sekun-dare Betonungen im Urnordischen und ihre spätere Reduktion eng mit der Ent-wicklung des Akzents 2 verbunden sind. Als auslösenden Faktor in der Pho-nologisierung tonaler Information wird hier ein sog. 'Stress Clash' (nach Riad 1988) angenommen. Stütze für die hauptsächlichen Aspekte dieser Hypothèse finden wir in der Korrelation zwischen urnordischer sekundärer Betonung und Akzent 2 in den modernen Sprachen, dem synchronischen Verhalten des Ak-zent 2 im modernen Standardschwedischen, ihrer Manifestation in konserva-tiven Dialekten und auch in den distributionellen Kontrasten in drei skandi-navischen Varietäten, denen verschiedene Stadien der Entwicklung des Tons entsprechen. Andere Theorien zum Ursprung der Akzente werden in einem Anhang diskutiert.
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Uchihara, Hiroto. "Tone and registrogenesis in Quiaviní Zapotec." Diachronica 33, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 220–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.33.2.03uch.
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Tone and phonation type are known to show complex interactions. I argue that breathy vowels in one Central Zapotec variety, San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec (Otomanguean, Mexico), has resulted from an original tonal contrast between the low and rising tones (registrogenesis), based both on language-internal and comparative evidence with other closely-related Central Zapotec varieties. The case of Central Zapotec is unusual in that the direction of the sound change is from a tonal contrast to a phonation contrast, while in other known cases the direction is usually the opposite.
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Tibaldo, Camilla. "Tradurre l’epica: sull’“Eneide” di Zanzotto e Pasolini." AOQU (Achilles Orlando Quixote Ulysses). Rivista di epica 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2724-3346/20503.
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Il contributo considererà le versioni parziali dall’Eneide realizzate da Zanzotto (Aen. III 1-72; VI 637-702) e Pasolini (Aen. I 1-301). La ricerca indagherà come le differenti scelte traduttive compiute dai due poeti comportino ricadute sullo stile e la lingua del poema virgiliano. Dall’analisi della traduzione di Zanzotto emergerà una profonda aderenza del traduttore alle strutture epiche del modello, ricercata all’interno di una generale tendenza ad anticare il testo di partenza. Differentemente, dalla valutazione della resa pasoliniana si evincerà un’Eneide restituita dal traduttore in forme prosastiche e in toni civili.
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Mustaruddin, Mustaruddin, Bambang Murdiyanto, Eko Sri Wiyono, and Jufri Pachri Laitupa. "Prospek Pengembangan Usaha Handline Tuna di Perairan D.I. Yogyakarta: Tinjauan Sumber Daya dan Investasi." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.4.612.
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In 2018, tuna production in D.I. Yogyakarta reached 371.66 tons, of which 75-82% were captured using the handline. The dominance of the tuna caught has led to the development of the handline that highly dependent on the potential of tuna resources. Investment prospects are also important because they become a reference for investors in investing in the tuna handline busineses. This study aims to analyze the potential of tuna fish resources including the spread of its fishing ground and analyze the feasibility of developing tuna handline buseneses in the waters of D.I. Yogyakarta. The data of this study were analyzed using the Schaefer model, mapping using geographic information system (GIS), and investment feasibility analysis. The potential of tuna fish production in the waters of D.I. Yogyakarta reached 628,53 tons/year, while the average production was 427,32 tons/year, so it is still prospective to be developed. Potential fishing ground for tuna handline was spreaded in the waters of Bantul Regency until the western border waters of Gunung Kidul Regency, and in the eastern waters of Gunung Kidul Regency. The tuna handline was also prospective to be developed its investment in D.I. Yogyakarta. The value of NPV, IRR, ROI, and B/C ratio of tuna handline were very good, i.e., IDR 425,121,064; 36.49%; 9,36; and 1.22 respectively.
Keywords: fish resource, geographic information system, investment, the waters of D.I. Yogyakarta, tuna handline
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Yang, Cathryn. "The phonetic tone change *high > rising." Diachronica 39, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 226–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.19062.yan.
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Abstract Previous research has proposed a direct path from consonantal effects on F0 to the development of a rising tone value. However, findings from tone change studies in Asian languages suggest an additional pathway to rising: a high tone (i.e., with a tonal target in the upper pitch range) may evolve into a rising tone. This study examines tone change pathways to rising in the Ngwi (Loloish) languages. Among the 11 Ngwi language clusters examined, a new rising tone value has unambiguously developed from an historically high tone in nine of them. In several clusters, prevocalic consonants conditioned a tone split, but in other clusters, *high > rising appears after both voiced and voiceless prevocalic consonants. The findings suggest that a high tonal target is a suprasegmental condition favorable to the development of a rising tone value, as reaching a high tonal target in connected speech frequently entails a rising contour.
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Ratliff, Martha. "Tone Language Type Change in Africa and Asia." Diachronica 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.9.2.05rat.
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SUMMARY Tone languages can be characterized by the degree to which they realize one of two tone language prototypes defined in terms of tone function. Type A tone languages (usually Asian) employ tone lexically and in minor morphological patterns. Type B tone languages (usually African and Mesoamerican) employ tone to make major morphological distinctions in addition to performing type A functions. For communicative reasons, these functions are necessarily linked to other structural properties of the languages of each type. This paper discusses three tone languages which have undergone different degrees of tone language type change and, as a result, are genetically or areally atypical: !Xũ (Khoisan), Gokana (Niger-Congo), and Mpi (Tibeto-Burman). It is the claim of the author that the driving force behind tone language type change, as exemplified by these three languages, is a change in the role of segmental morphology. RÉSUMÉ On peut caractériser les langues tonales par le degré par lequel elles réalisent un des deux prototypes de langues tonales définis en terme de fonction tonale. Les langues tonales de type A (généralement asiatiques) emploient le ton pour des fonctions lexicales et des fonctions morphologiques mineures. Outre les fonctions de type A, les langues tonales de type B (généralement africaines et mésoaméricaines) emploient le ton pour des fonctions morphologiques majeures. La communication ayant ses exigences, ces fonctions sont inévitablement liées aux autres propriétés structurales de chaque type. Dans cette étude il s'agit de trois langues tonales qui ont subi différents degrés de changement de type tonal et qui sont, par conséquent, atypiques du point de vue génétique et régional: !Xũ (Khoisan), Gokana (Niger-Congo), et Mpi (Tibeto-Birman). Se fondant sur ces trois langues, l'auteur émet l'hypothèse que la causalité de l'évolution du ton se trouve dans un changement du rôle de la morphologie segmentate. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Tonsprachen kônnen nach dem Grade, nach dem sie einem der beiden Pro-totypen folgen, charakterisiert werden, und zwar im Sinne ihrer Funktion: Typ A Tonsprachen (meistens asiatische) verwenden Ton lexikalisch und in we-niger wichtigen morphologischen Strukturen; Typ B Tonsprachen (zumeist afrikanische und mittelamerikanische) hingegen verwenden Ton, um wichtige morphologische Unterscheidungen zu treffen, wâhrend sie gleichzeitig auch Funktionen des Typ A wahrnehmen. Aus kommunikativen Griinden sind die Funktionen notwendigerweise mit anderen Struktureigenschaften der Sprachen des jeweiligen Typs verbunden. Der Aufsatz analysiert drei Tonsprachen, die zu verschiedenen Graden Ànderungen in ihrem Tonsystemtyp erfahren haben und daher als entweder genetisch oder areal gesehen atypisch sind: !Xu (Khoi-san), Gokana (Niger-Kongo) und Mpi (Tibeto-Burmesisch). Die Autorin ist der Auffassung, daB die treibende Kraft hinter diesem Tonsprachentypwandel, wie er in diesen drei Sprachen aufgezeigt wird, in der Verânderung in der Rolle der segmentalen Morphologie in diesen Sprachen zu suchen sei.
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Yang, Cathryn, and Yi Xu. "Crosslinguistic trends in tone change." Diachronica 36, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 417–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.18002.yan.
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Abstract Ground-breaking studies on how Bangkok Thai tones have changed over the past 100 years (Pittayaporn 2007, 2018; Zhu et al. 2015) reveal a pattern that Zhu et al. (2015) term the “clockwise tone shift cycle:” low > falling > high level or rising-falling > rising > falling-rising or low. The present study addresses three follow-up questions: (1) Are tone changes like those seen in Bangkok Thai also attested in other languages? (2) What other tone changes are repeated across multiple languages? (3) What phonetic biases are most likely to be the origins of the reported changes? A typological review of 52 tone change studies across 45 Sinitic, Tai-Kadai, Hmong-Mien, and Tibeto-Burman languages reveals that clockwise changes are by far the most common. The paper concludes by exploring how tonal truncation (Xu 2017) generates synchronic variation that matches the diachronic patterns; this suggests that truncation is a key mechanism in tone change.
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Boero, Silvia. "METODOLOGIE DI SOVVERSIONE: MONTE IGNOSO DI PAOLA MASINO." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 42, no. 1 (March 2008): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458580804200103.
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Monte Ignoso (1931) è una cupa storia d'amore e morte dai risvolti profondamente edipici. La maternità — protagonista principale del romanzo — strettamente correlata alla sessuofobia, è considerata un'imposizione ed una condanna; all'estremo opposto sta l'infanzia, intesa come momento magico dell'esistenza umana, che le imposizioni sociali distruggono in un crescendo di gretta convenzionalità tipica delle consuetudini borghesi. Nonostante un immediato successo di pubblico, MI ebbe diverse recensioni negative, tra le quali quella di Gadda, che trovò lo stile della Masino infarcito di futurismi decadenti, ne criticò l'ipersurrealismo, e non ne comprese il voluto stravolgimento grammaticale. MI fu altrettanto stroncato negli anni seguenti dalla critica fascista, che lo denunciò come eversivo a causa dei toni sommessi eppure pericolosamente destabilizzanti per la propaganda demografica; toni che si faranno sempre più pesanti nelle altre produzioni dell'autrice, fino ad esplodere nel suo più maturo romanzo, Nascita e Morte della Massaia.
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Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. "Chindamani and reconstruction of Thai tones in the 17th century." Diachronica 33, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 187–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.33.2.02pit.
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Chindamani, the oldest surviving text about the Thai language, contains a direct but equivocal description of Thai orthography and prosody. Combining careful textual study with findings and analytical tools from Comparative Tai, I argue that 17th century Thai had already established a five-tone system that only differs from present-day Thai in two respects. First, some tones were pronounced differently from their present-day counterparts. While Tone 2 and Tone 3 are now low falling and high falling respectively, they were both pronounced with medium pitch. Second, the set of tones allowed on syllables ending in stop consonants was smaller than today. Currently, Tones 2, 3 and 4 can occur in stop-final syllables, but only the first two were allowed in the 17th century.
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O, Min-Gyu, So-Jin Park, Keun-Hee Han, Jong-Seop Lee, and Byoung-Moo Min. "The Operational Characteristics of CO25 ton/day Absorptive Separation Pilot Plant." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 50, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2012.50.1.128.
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Jibukumar, M. G., Raja Datta, and Prabir Kumar Biswas. "Busy tone contention protocol: a new high-throughput and energy-efficient wireless local area network medium access control protocol using busy tone." International Journal of Communication Systems 25, no. 8 (July 4, 2011): 991–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.1301.
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Febrianti, Nia, Firilia Filiana, and Primadina Hasanah. "Potential of Renewable Energy Resources from Biomass Derived by Natural Resources In Balikpapan." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i3.316-323.
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Biomass energy sources have several advantages, such as being used as a renewable energy source so that the energy source from biomass can provide a sustainable energy source. One of the first steps to determine the potential of energy resources that can be developed into renewable energy sources is by collecting data. The data collection carried out in this study focuses more on the biomass found in Balikpapan. The biomass potential in Balikpapan needs to be known by collecting and classifying the biomass data based on products from agriculture and plantations. The data that has been collected from secondary data and from surveys are then mapped to see the greatest biomass potential found in Balikpapan. The largest percentage of crop yields per year is found in North Balikpapan Subdistrict, which is 31% compared to five other sub-districts. The potential of biomass from Balikpapan City's natural resources, which the greatest amount of harvest, is the cassava food plant in North Balikpapan sub-district of 7,259 tons / year. In the type of fruit, snakefruit (salak) has the highest number of yields per year, which is about32,945 tons / year. The potential for waste from food plants, cassava waste originating from tree trunks, is 5,807.2 tons / year, and cassava skin is 1,088.8 tons / year
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Chen, Chun-Chyuan, and Jiun-Ming Wu. "PAPR reduction scheme with selective tone reservation for OFDM signals." International Journal of Communication Systems 26, no. 9 (January 4, 2012): 1196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.1392.
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Vedral, Josef, and Pavel Fexa. "DAC Testing Using Impulse Signals." Metrology and Measurement Systems 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-012-0009-8.
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DAC Testing Using Impulse SignalsThe Multi-Tone (MT) signal with uniform amplitudes can be used for DAC testing. This paper shows an easier way to generate a MT signal using several impulse signals. The article also analyzes qualities of methods for testing the dynamic parameters of Digital to Analog Converters using an impulse signal. The MT, Damped Sine Wave (DSW) and Sinx/x (SINC) signals will be used as the source for these tests. The Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) and Signal to noise and distortion (SINAD) are evaluated in the frequency domain and they are modified using theCrest Factor(CF) correction and compared with the standard results of the Sine Wave FFT test. The first advantage of the test using an impulse signal is that you need fewer input parameters to create the band signal for testing the DAC. The second one is to reduce the testing time using a band signal in comparison with multiple tests using a single sine wave.
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Wangensteen, Rosemary, Manuel Gómez-Guzmán, Inmaculada Banegas, Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez, Rosario Jiménez, Juan Duarte, Joaquín García-Estañ, and Félix Vargas. "Vasoconstrictor and Pressor Effects of Des-Aspartate-Angiotensin I in Rat." Biomedicines 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061230.
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This study investigated the vasoactive effects of des-aspartate-angiotensin-I (DAA-I) in male Wistar rats on whole body vascular bed, isolated perfused kidneys, and aortic rings. Dose–response curves to DAA-I were compared with those to angiotensin II (Ang II). The Ang II-type-1 (AT1) receptor blocker, losartan, was used to evaluate the role of AT1 receptors in the responses to DAA-I. Studies were also conducted of the responsiveness in aortic rings after endothelium removal, nitric oxide synthase inhibition, or AT2 receptor blockade. DAA-I induced a dose-related systemic pressor response that was shifted to the right compared with Ang II. Losartan markedly attenuated the responsiveness to DAA-I. DAA-I showed a similar pattern in renal vasculature and aortic rings. In aortic rings, removal of endothelium and nitric oxide inhibition increased the sensitivity and maximal response to DAA-I and Ang II. AT2 receptor blockade did not significantly affect the responsiveness to DAA-I. According to these findings, DAA-I increases the systemic blood pressure and vascular tone in conductance and resistance vessels via AT1 receptor activation. This vasoconstrictor effect of DAA-I participates in the homeostatic control of arterial pressure, which can also contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. DAA-I may therefore be a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Chen, Houshou, Hsin-Ying Liang, Hung-Chi Chu, and Chuan-Bi Lin. "Improving the peak-to-average power ratio of the single-carrier frequency-division multiple access system through the integration of tone injection and tone reservation techniques." International Journal of Communication Systems 31, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): e3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.3408.
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Biancani, P., K. M. Harnett, U. D. Sohn, B. Y. Rhim, J. Behar, C. Hillemeier, and K. N. Bitar. "Differential signal transduction pathways in cat lower esophageal sphincter tone and response to ACh." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 266, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): G767—G774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.5.g767.
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Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) basal tone and contraction in response to maximally effective doses (Emax) of acetylcholine (ACh) may be mediated by different intracellular transduction pathways. In the basal state resting tone, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] formation and levels of diacylglycerol (DAG) (C. Hillemeier, K. N. Bitar, and P. Biancani, unpublished data) are higher in LES circular muscle than in esophageal muscle, which does not maintain tone. In vitro resting tone and spontaneously elevated formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 in LES circular muscle strips decrease in a dose-dependent manner in response to the phospholipase C antagonist 1-[6-([(17-beta)-3-methoxyestra-1,3, 5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino)hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U-73122). Basal Ins(1,4,5)P3 formation, however, is submaximal, since it can be increased by cholinergic stimulation. These data suggest that LES tone is associated with partial activation of phospholipase C. We therefore tested submaximal doses of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and DAG in permeabilized LES muscle cells and found that they act synergistically; their interaction depends on calcium release and is mediated through a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. In contrast, we have previously shown that contraction induced by Emax of ACh is mediated through calmodulin-dependent mechanisms (14). To investigate these differences, we tested high and low doses of ACh. Contraction induced by high doses of ACh was inhibited by calmodulin but not by PKC antagonists, as previously reported, but low ACh doses were preferentially inhibited by PKC antagonists. Similarly, low Ins(1,4,5)P3 concentrations activated a PKC-dependent pathway, whereas contraction induced by Emax of Ins(1,4,5)P3 was calmodulin dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Dang, Vinh Thi, Giang Khac Nguyen, Minh Hong Thi Tran, Nhan Thi Tran, and Quyen Xuan Pham. "Characteristics of mineralogical composition and heavy metals in vegetable cultivation land in the Van Noi - Tien Duong (Dong Anh) and Dai Thinh (Me Linh) areas, Ha Noi city." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 63, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2022.63(3).01.
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The green vegetable belt for Hanoi city extended in Thanh Tri, Gia Lam, Dong Anh and Me Linh districts, is providing daily thousands of tons of green vegetables for the city. Previously there were some studies on the distribution of heavy metals in the suburbs of Hanoi, including in the Dong Anh area, but the results were limited. Thus the study of material composition and heavy metal distribution in vegetable lands in the Van Noi - Tien Duong area (Dong Anh) (one of the critical vegetable growing areas in the suburbs of Hanoi) and Dai Thinh area (Me Linh) has been selected to contribute to the scientific basis for the production of safe vegetables for the study area. The authors used traditional research methods (Field trip investigation) and modern methods (X-Ray, ICP-EOS and AAS) to show that the soil developed in these areas is rich in quartz. The soil, therefore, has relatively good ventilation and drainage but still ensures the necessary moisture for plants, suitable for the cultivation of short-term vegetables. At the time of the study, vegetable cultivation land in Tien Duong - Dong Anh and Dai Thinh - Me Linh has generally not been polluted by most the heavy metals, excepting the signs of Pb, Cu pollution at a deficient level in some sites. In addition, vegetable cultivation land in Van Noi - Dong Anh has been polluted with typical heavy metals, such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). Measures are needed to minimize and progressively eliminate pollution to ensure safe vegetable production.
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Luong, Khang Quang, Hung The Khuong, Dung Tien Vo, and Tuyen Danh Nguyen. "Mineralogical and geological characteristics of the Nui Phao tungsten deposit and its resource in the Dai Tu area, northeastern Vietnam." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 63, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2022.63(6).01.
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Typically, granitic intrusions that document the lengthy and intricate history of the magmatic-hydrothermal system are linked to tungsten deposits. Uncertainty persists about the genetic relationship between tungsten mineralization and magmatic-hydrothermal development. The primary tungsten deposit in the Dai Tu region, known as the Nui Phao deposit, has been the subject of a petrographical and microscopic examination. Tungsten mineralization in the Dai Tu area often occurs in association with the formation of skarn and greisen bodies, and it has drawn much attention from geoscientists. Based on microscopic observations, tungsten ores can be divided into three mineralization stages, namely skarnisation, greisenization, and hydrothermal stage. To examine the geochemical features of the tungsten ores, the SEM-EDS and Microscope analytical methods were performed in this study. Research results indicate that the Nui Phao tungsten deposit was formed due to different tectonic and magmatism episodes. Accordingly, the Nui Phao tungsten deposit is relatively complicated with the multi-sources of ore components. Most of the tungsten ore was accumulated in association with the metasomatism between the Ordovician-Silurian carbonate-terrigenous sedimentary rocks of the Phu Ngu formation and the Cretaceous two-mica granite of the Pia Oac complex. The research results indicate that tungsten resources obtained at levels 122 and 333 are about 227.6 thousand tons. Moreover, the hydrothermal alteration and metasomatism in the study area are influenced by at least three metasomatic episodes, including skarnisation, greisenisation, and the late hydrothermal alteration of medium to a low temperature that is genetically related to fluorite-polymetallic mineralization.
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Wright, Blake. "Can Direct Air Capture Deliver?" Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1123-0032-jpt.
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Carbon removal is one, if not the, hottest topic in today’s battle over correcting the global course of climate change, and direct air capture (DAC) is the current darling of the carbon removal space. DAC works to gather CO2 directly from the atmosphere with an engineered system, like how trees absorb CO2 for photosynthesis, only faster and with a smaller, but manmade, overall footprint. Popular systems use chemical reactions to extract CO2 from the captured air. Once captured, the CO2 is compressed and stored in geological formations deep in the ground, or in some cases, used to produce low-carbon-intensity products like diesel or aviation fuel. The rest of the captured air is returned to the atmosphere. The Biden administration has put its weight behind the expansion of DAC facilities in the US. The recent Inflation Reduction Act included tax credits for DAC CO2 as well as broadening the eligibility of qualified DAC facilities. It decreases the amount of CO2 capture requirements from 100,000 tonnes per year to just 1,000. In addition, the US Department of Energy (DOE) recently awarded up to $1.2 billion for a pair of DAC facilities in Texas and Louisiana. Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm called the award a “once-in-a-generation investment.” When announced in August 2023, it was the world’s largest investment in engineered carbon removal. The projects—Battelle’s Project Cypress and 1PointFive’s South Texas DAC hub—are expected to eventually remove greater than 250 times more CO2 than the largest DAC facility currently operating. The US government isn’t the only entity putting their money where their mouth is when it comes to DAC. Some of the most active investors read like a who’s who of the tech industry. Microsoft has signed on to use Climeworks services and agreed to purchase up to 315,000 metric tons of CO2 removal from Heirloom Carbon Technologies. Climeworks operates a DAC plant in Iceland. It is one of the biggest globally, capturing and storing 36,000 mtpa of CO2. Both Climeworks and Heirloom are partners in Project Cypress. Climeworks’ estimated $12-million Orca plant came online in September 2021 and is due to capture 4,000 tonnes of CO2 from the air every year—equivalent to the emissions from about 870 cars. The captured CO2 is then mixed with water and injected into basalt rock 1 km underground, where it slowly turns into a solid carbonate mineral over a 2-year period. Amazon is purchasing 250,000 metric tons of carbon removal credits over a 10-year period from 1PointFive’s $1-billion Stratos DAC project in Ector County, Texas, and investing in CarbonCapture Inc. The DAC investment is part of Amazon’s Climate Pledge to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2040. In April, online payment firm Stripe teamed up with Google parent Alphabet, Facebook parent Meta, Shopify, and McKinsey to launch an initiative called Frontier, which plans to purchase $925 million worth of carbon removal by 2030 from carbon removal companies in an effort to advance research and development efforts and lower costs.
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Helilusiatiningsih, Nunuk, Imam Subkhi, and Eva Pebriana. "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK D.I GROW DAN VARIETAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KUBIS BUNGA (Brassica leraceae L. BOTRYTIS)." Agrika 16, no. 1 (May 29, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/ja.v16i1.3709.
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ABSTRAKKubis bunga merupakan sayuran yang digemari masyarakat, karena rasanya lezat, mengandung antioksidan dan bergizi tinggi. Konsumsi kubis bunga di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pada tahun 2018 permintaan kubis mencapai 1.45 kg/kapita/tahun yang setara dengan 384 250 ton. Sementara itu produksi kubis bunga pada tahun 2018 mencapai 152 122 ton dan pada tahun 2019 mencapai 183 816 ton. Produksi kubis bunga yang ada belum mampu mencukupi permintaan. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi di antaranya adalah dengan pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh interaksi pupuk cair D.I. Grow dan macam varietas terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis bunga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Tawangrejo Desa Mukuh Kecamatan Kayenkidul Kabupaten Kediri, dengan tinggi tanah 111 dpl, jenis tanah Regosol, pH tanah 5.5-6.0. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi pupuk organik cair D.I Grow dengan empat level yaitu (D0=tanpa perlakuan konsentrasi pupuk cair; D1= 2.5 ml/l; D2=5.0 ml/l dan D3=7.5ml/l). Faktor kedua adalah varietas kubis bunga (V1=Varietas Kusuma, V2=Cauliflower Spring 46, danV3=PM 126). Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat interaksi antara pemberian pupuk cair D.I. Grow dan varietas kubis bunga. Kombinasi perlakuan D3V2 memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis bunga yang paling baik. ABSTRACTCauliflower is a vegetables that is liked by the community, because it tastes delicious, contains antioxidants and highly nutritious. Consumption of flower cabbage in Indonesia is increasing each year. In 2018 the demand for cabbage reached 1.45 kg/capita/year which is equivalent to 384 250 tons. Meanwhile, flower cabbage production in 2018 reached 152 122 tons and in 2019 it reached 183 816 tons. The existing production of flower cabbage has not been able to meet the demand. One of the efforts to increase production is fertilizer application. This study aims to study the effect of the interaction of D.I. Grow liquid fertilizer and kinds of varieties on the growth and yield of cauliflower. The research was carried out in Tawangrejo Dusun, Mukuh Village, Kayenkidul District, Kediri Regency, with the altitude of 111 above sea level, soil type Regosol, soil pH 5.5-6.0. The experiment was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design which was repeated 3 times. The first factor is the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer D.I Grow with four levels, namely (D0=without liquid fertilizer concentration treatment; D1=2.5 ml/l; D2=5.0 ml/l and D3=7.5ml/l). The second factor was the cauliflower variety (V1=Kusuma variety, V2=Cauliflower Spring 46, and V3=PM 126). The result of the research is that there is an interaction between the application of liquid fertilizer D.I. Grow and cauliflower varieties. The combination of D3V2 treatment gave the best growth and yield of cauliflower.
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Boschee, Pam. "Comments: Pore Space Dealmaking Picks Up Momentum." Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 03 (March 1, 2023): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0323-0010-jpt.
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Since my column in the September 2022 JPT about the regulation of ownership and leasing of pore space, dealmaking has picked up steam, especially by Oxy. Many of the announced deals by Oxy and others are in Texas and in the Gulf Coast region. Oxy Low Carbon Ventures (OLCV) signed an agreement in October with Natural Resource Partners LP for the evaluation of a potential CO2 sequestration hub in Texas. OLCV, a subsidiary of Occidental, would gain rights to about 65,000 acres of pore space for its development, with the potential to store a minimum of 500 million metric tons of CO2. The proposed site is in proximity to industrial greenhouse-gas emitters and a prime location for Oxy’s 1PointFive’s plans to build a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) hub, possibly connected to direct air capture (DAC) facilities. Also, in October, Occidental and 1PointFive signed a lease agreement with King Ranch, a privately held agricultural production and resource management company, to support large-scale DAC projects on 106,000 acres in Kleberg County, Texas, with the potential to remove up to 30 million metric tons of CO2 per year. The pores space is estimated to store up to 3 billion metric tons of CO2. In addition to DAC emissions capture, the King Ranch acreage is located near industrial emitters in the Gulf Coast region, including Corpus Christi, where emissions can be captured, transported, and sequestered in the pore space. Each DAC plant in the site is expected to be capable of removing up to 1 million metric tons of CO2 per year, yielding a total capacity of up to 30 million metric tons per year when all facilities are operational. Carbon Engineering (CE) began front-end planning and engineering for the DAC facilities in Kleberg County in October. The first 1-megatonne facility is intended to be replicated into multimillion-tonne deployments. The design is being adapted from the first large-scale, commercial facility to use CE’s DAC technology, which is already under construction in the Texas Permian Basin and is expected to start up in 2024. Founded in the 1853, the 825,000-acre King Ranch holds an iconic legacy in Texas. Now, 170 years later, it may build upon that legacy with technological advances not foreseen in its earlier years. In another Oxy deal in 2022, this one with Weyerhaeuser Co., more than 30,000 acres of pore space will be evaluated and potentially developed for CCS in Livingston Parish, Louisiana. Weyerhaeuser will continue to manage the aboveground acreage as a working forest. Also in Louisiana, Lapis Energy, a CCS developer and operator based in Dallas, completed the lease of over 14,000 acres of carbon pore space rights with a private landowner 20 miles west of New Orleans. Lapis believes the pore space in the area has the potential to store more than 500 million tonnes of industrial CO2 and has begun technical studies to progress a Class VI permit for the area. Lapis plans to be ready to begin injection by 2025. San Antonio-based Ozona CCS LLC has reached a definitive agreement in January with Texas Pacific Land Corp. to lease approximately 5,173 contiguous acres of land to drill one of the first commercial CO2 sequestration wells in the Permian Basin. The company will initially focus on the Permian Basin and the Texas Gulf Coast for CCS projects. Initial anchor customers will include natural gas processing plants and oil and gas operators in the region. The acreage has an estimated initial injection rate of up to 25,000 B/D and an estimated total storage capacity of at least 40 million metric tons of CO2. The target in-service date is in the third quarter of 2024. Rystad Energy’s Audun Martinsen, head of supply chain research, forecast a rise in low-carbon investments by $60 billion in 2023, 10% higher than 2022. Hydrogen and CCUS are expected to see the most significant annual increase, growing 149% and 136%, respectively. Total hydrogen spending will approach $7.8 billion in 2023, while CCUS investments will total about $7.4 billion. She wrote, “The new and relatively tiny market of suppliers exposed to low-carbon, well-related services is forecast to climb 33% this year, driven by geothermal drilling and CO2 injection. Despite the significant increase, investments in this market will only total about $3.7 billion.”
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McWhorter, John. "Tying up loose ends." Diachronica 28, no. 1 (May 26, 2011): 82–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.1.04mcw.
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Since the introduction of the Creole Prototype hypothesis in 1998, much of the controversy it has occasioned has centered on a question as to whether it is scientifically appropriate to reconstruct creoles as born as pidgins, rather than as results of only moderately transformational second-language acquisition or as simply mixtures of ‘features’ from assorted languages coming together. This paper first outlines traits in creoles that reveal their origin in pidgins. Then, the paper refines the characterization of the Creole Prototype’s three features, regarding inflectional morphology, tone, and compositionality of derivation-root combinations. The inflectional component is refined to incorporate Booij’s (1993) distinction between contextual and inherent inflection and Kihm’s (2003) proposal that inflectional morphology can be either bound or free. The tonal stipulation is refined in view of traits of Mon-Khmer phonology that distinguish these languages from creoles despite their analyticity, and the grammatical uses of tone in some creoles such as Papiamentu and Principense. Finally, for the derivational component, an account is proposed for the noncompositionality of reduplicated forms that have been observed in many creoles. The conclusion is that there remains a synchronic characterization possible only in languages recently born from pidgins, and impossible of older (i.e. most) languages.
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Campbell, L. G., and K. L. Klotz. "Characterizing sugarbeet varieties for postharvest storage losses is complicated by environmental effects and genotype × environment interactions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-085.
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Each year millions of tons of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots are stored in large exposed piles prior to processing. During postharvest storage, respiration and invert sugar formation consume sucrose and even a small reduction in these losses would have substantial economic impact. This study investigated the relative importance of hybrid, environment, and hybrid × environment interactions and examined their implications in characterizing hybrids for sucrose loss during storage or developing hybrids with improved storage properties. Glucose, fructose, and extractable sucrose concentrations and respiration rate were measured 30 and 120 d after harvest (DAH) on five hybrids produced in six environments. Environment effects were significant on both dates for all traits except fructose 30 DAH. Significant hybrid × environment interactions were observed for respiration rate 30 and 120 DAH, for extractable sucrose 120 DAH, and for glucose concentration 30 DAH. The only trait with a significant hybrid main effect was extractable sucrose 30 DAH. For the 90 d between measurements, extractable sucrose losses for individual hybrid-environment combinations ranged from 1 to 63% of the sucrose available 30 DAH. It appeared that large environmental impacts and hybrid × environment interactions, compared to the relatively small hybrid influences, would complicate selecting parental lines with all or most of the storage traits desired. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of commercial hybrids or breeding lines for storage traits would require considerable resources. Efforts to understand the impact of production practices and growing season environment on storage properties would probably be more productive than attempting to produce commercial hybrids with improved storage characteristics. Key words: Beta vulgaris L., respiration, glucose, fructose, extractable sucrose
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El-Mas, Mahmoud M., Mahmoud M. Mohy El-Din, Sahar M. El-gowilly, and Fouad M. Sharabi. "The α1-adrenergic receptor not the DA1-dopaminergic receptor mediates cyclosporine–SKF38393 renovascular interaction." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 83, no. 12 (December 2005): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y05-116.
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In this study, we investigated the effect of acute exposure to cyclosporine A (CyA) on renal vasodilations evoked by the DA1 dopaminergic agonist SKF38393 and whether dopamine DA1 receptors are directly involved in the interaction. Changes evoked by CyA in SKF38393 vasodilations were evaluated in phenylephrine-preconstricted isolated perfused rat kidneys in the absence and presence of SCH23390, a DA1 receptor antagonist. SKF38393 (3 × 10–8 to 3 × 10–6 mol) produced dose-dependent reductions in the renal perfusion pressure that were significantly attenuated in tissues pretreated with SCH23390 or CyA. Unlike SKF38393, the vasodilatory action of sodium nitroprusside, a nitrovasodilator, was not altered by CyA. The attenuating effect of CyA on SKF38393 vasodilations was preserved in preparations pretreated with SCH23390, suggesting that sites other than DA1 receptors may be involved in CyA–SKF38393 interaction. The study was then extended to investigate the possible involvement of renal α1-adrenoceptors in the interaction. Blockade of α1-adrenoceptors by prazosin (30 nmol/L) significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of SKF38393 and virtually abolished the CyA-induced attenuation of SKF38393 responses. Further, CyA failed to alter SKF38393 vasodilations when the renal tone was raised with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), a vasoconstrictor whose effect is independent of α1-adenoceptors. Together, these findings support earlier reports that both DA1 and α1-receptors mediate the renal vasodilatory action of SKF38393 and suggest that CyA interacts selectively with the α1-receptor component to compromise SKF38393 responses.
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Liang, Hsinying, Hung-Chi Chu, and Chuan-Bi Lin. "Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems using modified tone reservation techniques." International Journal of Communication Systems 29, no. 4 (March 12, 2015): 748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.2951.
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Cergna, Sandro. "I componimenti in dialetto istrioto (e istroveneto) di Valle d’Istria del Frate Giuliano Palazzolo." Tabula, no. 20 (December 18, 2023): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/tab.20.2023.5.
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Nel lavoro si presenta la figura del frate vallese Giuliano Palazzolo attraverso quanto fino al 1974 è stato pubblicato sul religioso e sulla sua attività letteraria: in quell’anno da Domenico Cernecca e, quasi vent’anni prima, nel 1950 – anno della morte del Nostro – da Enrico Rosamani. Un piccolo contributo a quanto già offerto dai succitati studiosi è il risultato delle ricerche condotte nel 2010 presso l’Archivio della Curia Generale dei Frati Minori di Roma, dove il Francescano ha trascorso lunghi anni della sua vita, fino alla morte, e che qui trovano per la prima volta pubblicazione. I componimenti analizzati sono stati scritti tra il 1906 e il 1932. Si tratta di due poemetti in dialetto istroveneto, due dialoghi celebrativi in versi, in dialetto vallese, e un bozzetto breve, anch’esso dialogato, con strofe in italiano, in dialetto, e una conclusione in latino maccheronico. In tutti si può cogliere il tono gnomico morale, ma anche argutamente frizzante, che animava la personalità del Palazzolo, uomo intriso di profonda cultura umanistica e dotto latinista, la cui produzione letteraria resta ancora in gran parte da scoprire.
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Narayanan, J., M. Imig, R. J. Roman, and D. R. Harder. "Pressurization of isolated renal arteries increases inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): H1840—H1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.5.h1840.
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Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) concentrations were measured in isolated, cannulated dog renal arteries under control conditions (0 mmHg) and in response to step elevations in transmural pressure. There was a pressure-dependent increase in IP3 at 60 and 120 mmHg, reaching significance at 120 mmHg (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in DAG at both 60 and 120 mmHg measured after maintaining pressure for 15 min. Similarly, IP3 measurements made 90 s after a step increase in transmural pressure also exhibited a pressure-dependent profile, again reaching significance at 120 mmHg. Calculation of active tension demonstrated these renal arteries developed pressure-dependent myogenic tone. To assess the role of the endothelium in this regard, IP3 was measured before and after endothelial removal at 0 and 60 mmHg. Pressure-dependent myogenic tone was still present upon endothelial removal. In the absence of the endothelium, we observed a significant increase in total IP3 at 60 compared with 0 mmHg; furthermore, the increase in IP3 in the absence of the endothelium was significantly greater than that observed when the endothelium was intact. Given that the primary source of IP3 is via the actions of phospholipase C (PLC) on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, these biochemical data directly demonstrate that elevation of transmural pressure in dog renal arteries activates PLC.
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Thaler, Gerlinde. "Einbeziehen von sprachlicher Vielfalt oder Dialektliteratur im DaF-Unterricht." Brünner Beiträge zur Germanistik und Nordistik, no. 2 (2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bbgn2023-2-3.
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The paper seeks to show that the use of dialect literature in the teaching of German as a Foreign Language (DaF) can be very enriching for students. It argues that this practice creates awareness that the German language is not homogeneous across German-speaking countries, but is characterised by variety (the pluricentricity of German). In addition, working with dialect texts allows learners to be immersed in the everyday reality of their target language by experiencing the diglossia that is prevalent in most German-speaking areas. In this way, the texts help students realise that there is not just one standardised form of expression in German that is correct and permissible. The unadulterated tone and idiosyncrasies of literary works in dialect also offer an insight into the emotional world of the people who use the language and into their unique culture and mentality. This is illustrated with the help of two dialect poems ("Drei Vëigl fliagn" and "Die 5 Johreszeitn") by the South Tyrolean author Maridl Innerhofer (1921-2013).