Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tonga Population

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Tonga Population'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tonga Population"

1

Grant, Gilbert S. "Population status of Pteropus tonganus in Tonga." Atoll Research Bulletin 454 (1998): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.454.1.

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DUARTE, Natalia L., Stephen COLAGIURI, Taniela PALU, Xing L. WANG, and David E. L. WILCKEN. "Obesity, Type II diabetes and the β2 adrenoceptor gene Gln27Glu polymorphism in the Tongan population." Clinical Science 104, no. 3 (January 28, 2003): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1040211.

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As there is a high prevalence of obesity in Tonga, we aimed to determine the distribution of the β2 adrenoceptor gene Gln27Glu polymorphism and to assess its relevance to obesity and to Type II diabetes, known to be prevalent in that population. A random sample of 1022 individuals from Tonga were genotyped for the Gln27Glu polymorphism in the β2 adrenoceptor gene. To assess the prevalence of obesity we measured body-mass index (BMI), fat-free mass, percentage fat and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). To assess glucose metabolism we measured HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, and 1- and 2-h glucose; we also measured serum lipid and creatinine levels. We found that 84% of the Tongan men and 93% of the women were overweight or obese (BMI⩾25kg/m2) and 15.1% had Type II diabetes. Genotype frequencies among the 1022 Tongans were: Gln/Gln 90.3% and Gln/Glu 9.6%; we found one Glu/Glu homozygote. The mean BMI (±S.D.) for men was not significantly different for those who were homozygous (30.2±5.4kg/m2) or heterozygous (30.1±5.5kg/m2) for the Gln allele; this was also true for women (33.7±6.2kg/m2 for homozygous and 34.0±5.6kg/m2 for heterozygous). The Glu allele was not associated with other measures of obesity or abnormal glucose metabolism in this generally overweight population. There is a unique frequency of the Gln/Glu β2 adrenoceptor polymorphism among Tongans. We found no association of the polymorphism with obesity measures or Type II diabetes-related variables in the Tongan population among whom we documented a high prevalence of obesity and Type II diabetes and a low frequency of the Glu allele.
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Wilson, James P. A., Kareen E. Schnabel, Ashley A. Rowden, Rachael A. Peart, Hiroshi Kitazato, and Ken G. Ryan. "Bait-attending amphipods of the Tonga Trench and depth-stratified population structure in the scavenging amphipod Hirondellea dubia Dahl, 1959." PeerJ 6 (December 7, 2018): e5994. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5994.

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Background The hadal zone encompasses the deepest parts of the world’s ocean trenches from depths of ∼6,000–11,000 m. The communities observed at these depths are dominated by scavenging amphipods that rapidly intercept and consume carrion as it falls to the deepest parts of the trenches. New samples collected in the Tonga Trench provide an opportunity to compare the amphipod assemblages and the population structure of a dominant species, Hirondellea dubia Dahl, 1959, between trenches and with earlier data presented for the Tonga Trench, and other trenches in the South Pacific. Methods Over 3,600 individual scavenging amphipods across 10 species were collected in seven baited traps at two sites; in the Horizon Deep site, the deepest part of the Tonga Trench (10,800 m) and a site directly up-slope at the trench edge (6,250 m). The composition of the bait-attending amphipods is described and a morphometric analysis of H. dubia examines the bathymetric distribution of the different life stages encountered. Results The amphipod assemblage was more diverse than previously reported, seven species were recorded for the first time from the Tonga Trench. The species diversity was highest at the shallower depth, with H. dubia the only species captured at the deepest site. At the same time, the abundance of amphipods collected at 10,800 m was around sevenfold higher than at the shallower site. H. dubia showed clear ontogenetic vertical structuring, with juveniles dominant at the shallow site and adults dominant at the deep site. The amphipods of the deeper site were always larger at comparable life stage. Discussion The numbers of species encountered in the Tonga Trench is less than reported from the New Hebrides and Kermadec trenches, and six species encountered are shared across trenches. These findings support the previous suggestion that the fauna of the New Hebrides, Tonga and Kermadec Trenches may represent a single biogeographic province. The ontogenetic shift in H. dubia between the two Tonga Trench sites supports the hypothesis of interspecific competition at the shallower bathymetric range of the species, and the presence of competitive physiological advantages that allow the adults at the trench axis to exploit the more labile organic material that reaches the bottom of the trench.
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Pandiangan, Robert Paulus, Pulumun Peterus Ginting, and Wiflihani. "The Form and Meaning of Gondang Si Boru Nauli Basa in Batak Toba Traditional Ceremony." Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture 2, no. 3 (October 9, 2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/lakhomi.v2i3.508.

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This study aims to determine the form and meaning of the gondang Siboru Nauli Basa in traditional ceremonies of the Toba Batak people in the village of Salaon Tonga-tonga. The theoretical basis in this study discusses about gondang, gondang siboru nauli basa, gondang hasapi, traditional ceremonies, the form of gondang siboru nauli basa, the meaning of gondang siboru nauli basa. November 2020 to December 2020. This study determined the population of the Community who attended the hahomion ceremony in the village of Salaon Tonga-tonga, and set a sample of 7 people. The data collection techniques used in this study included observation, library research, interviews, documentation, and analysis. with data reduction techniques, data presentation, drawing conclusions. From this study, the results obtained include: The form of gondang siboru nauli basa, served using musical instruments hasapi, garantung, sullim, sarune hetek, hesek, and gondang siboru nauli basa is an instrumental music played to summon the spirits of deceased ancestors, this event still carried out until now (2020) especially in the silalahi clan as a tradition in the Toba Batak tribe, the function of the gondang siboru nauli basa in the hahomion ceremony is as a function of emotional expression, a function of cultural continuity, and an entertainment function.
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Keppel, Gunnar. "Low genetic variation in a Pacific cycad: conservation concerns for Cycas seemannii (Cycadaceae)." Oryx 36, no. 1 (January 2002): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000078.

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The conservation status of Cycas seemannii, native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga, is assessed based on isozyme analysis, abundance estimates and factors affecting the survival of the species. Genetic variation in the species is low and genetic differentiation between populations is high, as compared to plants in general and to other cycads. Lower genetic variation was detected in a fragmented population as compared to less disturbed populations. Low gene flow was also detected, implying little contact between the various populations. A conservative estimate of 17,000 individuals remaining in the wild was obtained, with more than half of these located on the islands of Vanuatu. Accounts of past abundance suggest declining population sizes, most likely the result of repeated burning. Other factors that may be contributing to the decline are decreasing importance to and protection by humans, habitat alteration for agricultural and developmental purposes, and poor dispersal and recolonisation potential. An assessment based on the present estimated abundance and what is known of recent declines in numbers, indicates that the species should be categorised as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. On some of the densely populated islands, such as Viti Levu in Fiji and Nukualofa in Tonga, the species is locally Endangered or Critically Endangered. Possible conservation measures are suggested, and it is emphasised that populations on different islands must be considered separately because of their genetic differentiation.
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Poloniati, Penisimani, Ana Akauola, Sela K. Fusi, Yutaro Setoya, Kaloafo Tavo, and Sean T. Casey. "Tonga’s National EMT Response to the Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption and Tsunami." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, S2 (November 2022): s80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22001790.

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Background/Introduction:The Tonga Emergency Medical Assistance Team (TEMAT) responded to the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano and tsunami in early 2022. The HTHH volcano erupted violently on January 15, 2022 triggering a tsunami that struck many of Tonga’s 169 islands.1 84% of the country’s population was affected.2 Tonga’s undersea internet cable was cut, stopping most communication. At the time of the eruption/tsunami, Tonga was COVID-19-free with its borders effectively closed, forcing reliance on national emergency resources, including TEMAT.Objectives:Describe TEMAT’s response to the 2022 HTHH volcano eruption and tsunami.Method/Description:TEMAT deployed four rotations of clinical and public health teams in response to the eruption/tsunami. Team members included clinicians from the Ministry of Health, with logistics support from His Majesty’s Armed Forces. TEMAT carried out emergency assessments, facilitated medical evacuations, aided in the evacuation of an entire island’s population, and provided essential health services.Results/Outcomes:From January 17 through March 4, 2022, TEMAT cared for 381 patients including patients with non-communicable diseases (>50), psychosocial complaints (39), communicable diseases (27), and traumatic injuries (13). The team supported five referrals to higher level care, conducted patients home visits, aided in health center repairs, and responded to a boat sinking during their deployment.Conclusion:TEMAT’s deployment demonstrates that deployment-ready and self-sufficient national EMTs are essential for response to sudden-onset disasters in vulnerable countries. A trained and well-prepared national EMT can respond independently, quickly, and effectively to emergencies, despite limited resources and high-impact events.
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CHAKRABORTY, RABINDRA NATH. "Sharing rules and the commons: evidence from Ha'apai, Tonga." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 4 (August 2004): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x04001597.

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This paper argues that sharing rules have served to reduce the inefficiency caused by common pool externalities in many developing societies. To this end, a two-sector model of renewable resource use is employed where sharing rules are interpreted as implicit resource taxes. The model is applied to the island economy of Lofanga in the Kingdom of Tonga. The model generates a growth pattern which is consistent with the observed time paths of population and the resource stock. Cyclical fluctuations are weak even in the absence of resource taxation because the intrinsic growth rate of the resource is high.
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Göth, Ann, and Uwe Vogel. "Status of the Polynesian Megapode Megapodius pritchardii on Niuafo'ou (Tonga)." Bird Conservation International 5, no. 1 (March 1995): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002975.

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SummaryFrom October 1991 to January 1993, the Polynesian Megapode or Malau Megapodius pritchardii on the island Niuafo'ou, Kingdom of Tonga, was studied as part of a conservation project. The reproductive population was estimated at 188–235 pairs. Owing to an apparent lack of juveniles, the total population is not expected to be much larger. Compared to previous assessments this estimate gives evidence for a serious decline, but the methodologies used in all estimates differ considerably. However, a decline is also indicated by the fact that two of the 11 communal nesting grounds have been abandoned since 1979, while no new sites have been reported. Additionally, the Malau has disappeared from the vicinity of villages during the last 15 years. On a cat-free and undisturbed islet in the crater lake the density of Malaus is 1.29 pairs per ha. In other areas, where access for humans, dogs and cats was easy, the density of the Malau was only 0.16 pairs per ha. The main reason for the decline isover-harvesting of eggs by the local people. Habitat destruction or degradation are not responsible, and rats and domestic pigs seem to have no negative influence.
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Huish, Ryan D., Tevita Faka'osi, Heimuli Likiafu, Joseva Mateboto, and Katherine H. Huish. "Distribution, population structure, and management of a rare sandalwood (Santalum yasi, Santalaceae) in Fiji and Tonga." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 1 (2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14902.

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The aromatic heartwood of Santalum yasi has been harvested extensively in Fiji and Tonga over the past two centuries for international trade in the medicinal, perfume, and incense industry and other cultural purposes. Field surveys and a review of historic and modern documents reveal a sparse and scattered distribution and indicate that the natural distribution of S. yasi has fluctuated over time, even declining to local extinction in the wild in some areas, while S. album has been introduced and naturalisation of S. yasi × S. album hybrids is evident. Population data collected along transects in three in situ S. yasi populations show discontinuous size-class structures, indicating regenerative stress. The population densities at study sites ranged from 19 to 63 adult trees (≥5 cm dbh) per hectare and less than two heartwood-bearing trees (≥15 cm dbh) per hectare. Though S. yasi trees may attain up to 40 cm dbh, no trees greater than 23 cm dbh were found in any of the studied populations. Low density and small size of adult trees and human-induced bole damage are suggestive of frequent, premature, and defensive harvesting patterns and indicate the need for ongoing adaptive comanagement in recognition of underlying economic and sociocultural pressures.
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FUKUYAMA, SHOKO, CHIHO WATANABE, MASAHIRO UMEZAKI, and RYUTARO OHTSUKA. "TWENTY YEARS’ DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE IN SEDENTES AND MIGRANTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT-SENDING COMMUNITY IN TONGA." Journal of Biosocial Science 41, no. 1 (January 2009): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932008002770.

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SummaryIn the Kingdom of Tonga, migration to overseas developed countries has prevailed. To elucidate the effects of migration on population dynamics, an interview survey was conducted in the migrant-sending community of Kolovai, in the outer region of Tongatapu Island. All births, deaths, marriages and in- and out-migrations that took place between 1983 and 2002 were recorded for all members of the ‘Kolovai population’, consisting of persons who had lived in this community for at least a one-year period during this 20 years. The ‘Kolovai population’ members, numbering 1184 (564 males and 620 females), were divided into three groups based on residence at the end of each year, i.e. Kolovai (called KK), other places in Tonga (KT) or overseas countries (KO). The KK population decreased from 774 in 1982 to 570 in 2002, owing mostly to an increase of 167 persons as the natural balance and a decrease of 324 persons as the balance of international migration. Comparison of total fertility rate (TFR) between KK and KO women revealed that the mean TFR of the former decreased from 3·460 in the earlier 10-year period (1983–1992) to 2·240 in the later 10-year period (1993–2002), while that of the latter was more than 3·5 in both 10-year periods. This difference was largely due to the decrease in the proportion married among KK women. If the current trends of international migration and fertility continue, the population of Kolovai will be reduced and its age composition will become cylinder-shaped in the near future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tonga Population"

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Chen, Gang. "Cryptic diversity, ecological differentiation and population genetics of an estuarine copepod, (Acartia tonsa) dana 1849 (Copepoda: Calanoida)." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9495.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Behavior, Ecology Evolution and Systematics Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Chuang, Hui-Ping, and 莊惠萍. "The Health Effects of Air Pollution on Susceptible Population in Ping-Tong Area." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98400814489804348326.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
公共衛生學研究所碩士班
94
Objectives: This research aimed to determine the link between exposure of air pollution and the health effect among residents in Ping-tong area through the perspective of Environmental Epidemiology. Methods: We collected the secondary data from the air monitors and the health insurance database of outpatient of three regions in Ping-tong area. We combined the data of concentrations of air pollutants from 1994 to 2002, and the health insurance data of susceptible population (≤15 year-olds and ≥65 year-olds) of outpatient from 2003 to 2004, to describe the current condition of air pollution related diseases and to explore the relationship between air pollution and relevant diseases. Results: Except for the slightly rising concentration of O3, the concentrations of the other four air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10) were descending year by year, and all the concentrations of the five air pollutants showed seasonal variation. The region with the highest frequencies of OPD visit of both respiratory system and cardiovascular disease was Chao-zhou, and the frequencies showed a rising tendency from 2003 to 2004; the frequencies in the other two regions (Ping-tong and Heng-chun) showed a descending tendency. The results of the simple linear regression showed that PM10 was the most influential air pollutant to respiratory system and cardiovascular disease. Multiple linear regression showed that NO2 was the most influential air pollutant. Conclusions and suggestions: Except for O3, all the other four air pollutants were correlated to the frequency of OPD visit, which showed that long-term exposure to air pollution will cause adverse health effect to the residents.
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Books on the topic "Tonga Population"

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Tonga. Statistics Department. Tonga 2011 census of population and housing. Nuku'alofa, Tonga: Statistics Department, Tonga, 2013.

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Tonga 2006 census of population and housing. Nuku'alofa, Tonga: Kingdom of Tonga, Statistics Dept., 2008.

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Tonga. Tonga national population and housing census 2011: Preliminary result. Tonga: Statistics Dept., 2011.

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Rakaseta, Vilimaina L. Tonga population profile: Based on 1996 census : a guide for planners and policy-makers. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 1999.

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Rakaseta, Vilimaina L. Tonga population profile based on 1996 census: A guide for planners and policy-makers. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 1999.

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Price, Neil. The social and institutional context of high fertility amongst the Gwembe Valley Tonga of Zambia. Swansea: Centre for Development Studies, University of Wales, Swansea, 1995.

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Price, Neil. The social and institutional context of high fertility amongst the Gwembe Valley Tonga of Zambia. [Swansea, Wales, U.K.]: Centre for Development Studies Swansea, University of Wales, 1995.

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Liava'a, Viliami. National air migration survey of 1999. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2000.

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Liava'a, Viliami. National air migration survey of 1999. [Noumea, New Caledonia]: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2000.

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Holthus, Paul. Coral reef survey, Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga. Apia, Western Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tonga Population"

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Garmew, Tanya G., Susan Hammond, Amy Mercantini, Jessica Morgan, Cindy Neunert, and John A. Fornshell. "Morphological variability of geographically distinct populations of the estuarine copepod Acartia Tonsa." In Ecology and Morphology of Copepods, 149–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1347-4_20.

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Cervetto, G., M. Pagano, and R. Gaudy. "Feeding behaviour and migrations in a natural population of the copepod Acartia tonsa." In Space Partition within Aquatic Ecosystems, 237–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0293-3_21.

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"Tonga." In World Population Prospects, 761–64. UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/299320ba-en.

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"Tonga." In World Population Policies 2017, 400–401. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210049702c187.

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"Tonga." In World Population Policies 2015, 486–87. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/2785cb27-en.

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"Tonga." In World Population Prospects 2019 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles, 1110–14. UN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/82169c1a-en.

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"Tonga." In World Population Prospects 2017 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles, 765–68. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210001021c221.

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"Tonga." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 885–88. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/c8c1c801-en.

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"Tonga." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 498–99. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a58f386d-en.

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Flicker, Leon, and Ngaire Kerse. "Population ageing in Oceania." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 55–62. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0008.

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The region of Oceania describes a collection of islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean between Asia and the Americas. The region is vast and largely covered by ocean. There are four subregions of this region including Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia (Papua and New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia), Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia and Guam), and Polynesia (includes French Polynesia, Samoa, Tonga, Tokalau, and Niue). Australasia is relatively affluent and developed with an ageing population, whereas the other nations are of a developing nature with relatively younger populations but will face dramatic population ageing over the next 40 years. Australasia has well-developed services for older people. The Indigenous populations of Australasia have worse health outcomes than the non-Indigenous populations. However, outside Australasia there is an urgent need to develop health and community services for older people in the remainder of the region.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tonga Population"

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Cerro, Camilo. "Float: Designing for the Rise in Sea Level." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.43.

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According to the United Nations, presently, about 54% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, with the number expected to increase to 66% by 2050. Urban areas which are ill prepared to deal with their present population needs will have to develop and manage; housing, healthcare, education, transportation, infrastructure and food pro-duction for an additional 2.5 billion people. With three-quarters of the world’s megalopolis by the sea and 80% of people living within 60 miles of the coast, sea level rise will force a new way of thinking about urban development. Managing urban areas has become one of the most important development challenges of the 21st century. In the UAE specifically, there are nearly 1,300 kilometers of coast-line. Approximately 85% of the population and over 90% of the infra-structure are located within several meters of sea level in low-lying coastal areas. This poses a very specific urban problem of relocation. But not all relocation will need to be done inland. The potential for floating architecture is a very real possibility to help solve some of the problems brought on by the rise in sea level. This is why at the American University of Sharjah, we have been studying this issue and other sustainability related opportunities in a series of courses that started in 2014 with a summer studio course set in Cambodia. Students lived with a floating community in the Tong le Sap lake for a month, studying vernacular floatation systems to inform the development of proposals for floating dwelling studies. This semester (Spring 2018), a fifth year architecture studio set up to transfer specific urban functions to the water within protected areas in the UAE. The aim of the studio was to start looking at possible implementation of floating systems within everyday functions to start a discussion of the potential of this technologies and the feasibility of its use at both an industrial and commercial level. The idea was to develop a series systemic interdependent sustainable designs based on the idea of third nature, hybridizing complex relationships between distinct functions in environments above and below water. This paper will cover the methodology implemented to start tackling these subjects in the studio environment with the aim to create awareness for designers and the general public.
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Pui-Yuk King, Alex, and Kin Wai Michael Siu. "Ethnographic Study of Living Alone Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002048.

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1. IntroductionA report by the United Nations has revealed the number of older adults in the world is projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2030, and this number is expected to increase to 2.1 billion by 2050. This development will place enormous pressure on current healthcare and social protection systems. If life expectancy continues to rise while fertility constantly declines over many years. the ageing of the population will continue to throughout the world. The gigantic numbers of elderly people will place significant pressure on current systems of social protection and global health care. By 2024, it is expected to have nearly 400,000 people over the age of 80 in Hong Kong —a 24.8% increase over the figure recorded in 2014. 2. Problem StatementLike in other Asian cities, the population of Hong Kong exhibits a continuous ageing trend.The change in the population structure will need an improved housing policy and health care system and infrastructure in order to tackle these resulting social problems. The more older adults are living in the city, the greater the numbers of people who are living with dementia. 3. Older Adults Living with Mild Cognitive ImpairmentDementia is characterised by the loss of mental abilities,and by further degeneration over time.This condition is not inevitable, as the hallmark symptoms of cognitive deterioration are not considered to be a normal part of ageing. It is a typical biomedical disease that might appear when the brain is affected by some specific diseases, such as a series of small strokes damage the brain and cause confusion, speech problems and progressive loss of memory and cognition. This gradual decline in cognitive functions causes people to need extra support for daily living. A person who is having slightly problems with planning, reasoning and also remembering may be classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 4. Universal DesignUD (universal design) is classified as the practice of making things in ways that involve almost no extra cost, but offer attractive yet functional styles that are fulfilling all people, regardless of each individual’s ability or disability. UD addresses the complete span of functionality through making each element and space accessible to its deepest extent by careful planning at all different stages of a project. 5. Participant Observation An interpretive approach is adopted as a research paradigm for understanding the meanings that human beings attach to their experiences. For this study, a centre manager of the well-established Yan Oi Tong Elderly Community Centre recruited three older adults to participate for nine months. These people were living with MCI in a rural district. Prior to this study, these three elders engaged in a participative design workshop that was organised by the same researcher. The workshop had two sessions, and explored the participants’ latent needs concerning home decoration and product design for public housing.Observational visits were conducted with each participant every two weeks for a nine-month period. The participants are referred to as CH, CP and SK, and they were aged between 79 and 85 years old.6. DiscussionTheme 1: Fear of being alone.The participants described their experiences of facing loneliness. Although they felt that their memories were getting worse, they could still express how loneliness was one of the most difficult challenges that they had to face day-by-day. SK said that ‘I want to do my preferred activities,and don’t want to stay at home all the time!’ Theme 2: Recognition of incompetence.The older persons suffering from MCI believed that they were, to varying degrees, incompetent in dealing with day-to-day activities. As CP explained, ‘I have become useless and cannot remember things recently…’ Theme 3: Lack of neighbourhood spirit. For older people living alone in public housing, neighbours become the most reliable people after their families. Older participants reported that they commonly displaced their house keys due to their gradual memory loss. They had to make duplicate front door keys, and gave them to neighbours who they trusted.To deal with such problems, a product design or system could be pre-installed in housing facilities that would enable better communication or connection between neighbours, and allow older residents to become closer to others.7. ConclusionThis ethnographic study has investigated the latent, unfulfilled needs of older persons living with MCI. Building rapport with these older participants was an important step at the beginning of the study.This finding of “Fear of being alone”, “Lack of neighbourhood spirit”also revealed that regular visits by community centre staff and local social workers should be organised to provide older community members and stakeholders with more attention regarding their day-to-day activities and their relations to society as a whole in order to eliminate “Recognition of incompetence”.
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Zdrilić, Ivica, Ivan Župan, and Fiona Dadić. "Utjecaj oznaka izvornosti na povećanje kvalitete i prepoznatljivosti lokalnih proizvoda." In Kvaliteta-jučer, danas, sutra (Quality-yesterday, today, tomorrow), edited by Miroslav Drljača. Croatian Quality Managers Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52730/jsbs5369.

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Sažetak: Kvaliteta proizvoda jedan je od glavnih kriterija stjecanja kompetitivnih prednosti u odnosu na konkurenciju. Pri tome oznake kvalitete mogu biti način komuniciranja između proizvoda i kupca. Više istraživanja provedenih među potencijalnim kupcima je pokazalo kako su ispitanici spremni platiti više za proizvod koji im nudi veću kvalitetu. Uvođenjem oznaka zemljopisnog podrijetla potiče se ruralno gospodarstvo te tako pridonosi povećanju prihoda poljoprivrednika te zadržavanju stanovništva u udaljenim područjima i područjima s otežanim uvjetima gospodarenja. Na taj se način povećava i tržišna vrijednost proizvoda gospodarskih subjekata jer se jamči njihova posebnost u odnosu na druge slične proizvode ili prehrambene proizvode. Osim toga, zahvaljujući uvođenju oznake zemljopisnog podrijetla kupci mogu donositi odluku o kupnji na temelju jasnih informacija o posebnim svojstvima proizvoda koje kupuju. Na razini Europske unije razlikuju se tri oznake: „zaštićena oznaka izvornosti“, „zaštićena oznake zemljopisnog podrijetla“ i „zajamčeno tradicionalni specijaliteti“.Oznaka izvornosti ili kvalitete je alat marketinškog pristupa jer su kupci spremni platiti nešto više za proizvod koji im jamči kvalitetu, ali i alat za ruralni razvoj zbog činjenice da se oznaka zemljopisnog podrijetla ne može premjestiti na drugo područje pa daje dodatnu vrijednost ruralnom području zbog kojeg je proizvod zaštićen. U empirijskom dijelu ovog rada autori su proveli istraživanje tržišne prepoznatljivosti „Novigradske dagnje“ na uzorku od 574 ispitanika. Rezultati istraživanja, korišteni su za slijedeći korak definiranja strateškog pozicioniranja proizvoda „Novigradske dagnje“ u cilju postizanja ekonomskih i ostalih pozitivnih učinaka. Stoga se povezanost marikulture, poljoprivredne proizvodnje i turizma nameće kao slijedeći korak kroz održivi turizam. Održivi turizam je u prvom redu usmjeren na povećanje zadovoljstva turista te društveno-ekonomske koristi, očuvanje prirodne i kulturne baštine i snižavanje negativnih utjecaja turizma na lokalnu zajednicu u cjelini. Abstract: Product quality is one of the main criteria for gaining competitive advantage over the competition. In doing so, quality labels can be a way of communication between the product and the customer. Several researches conducted among potential customers has demonstrated that respondents are willing to pay more for a product that offers them higher quality. The introduction of geographical origin indications encourages the rural economy and thus contributes to increase of the farmers’ income of and retention of the population in remote areas and areas with difficult conditions of economy. In this way, the market value of the products of economic operators is increased because their uniqueness in relation to other similar products or food products is guaranteed. In addition, thanks to the introduction of the geographical origin indication, customers can make a purchase decision based on clear information about the specific characteristics of the products they buy. Three designations are discerned at the level of European Union: “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO), “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI) and “Traditional Specialties Guaranteed” (TSG). Label of origin or quality is a tool of marketing approach because customers are willing to pay more for a product that guarantees quality to them, but also a tool for rural development due to the fact that the geographical origin indication cannot be transferred to another area and provides added value to rural areas which makes the product protected. The authors have conducted in the empirical part of this paper a study of market recognition of “Novigrad mussels” on a sample of 574 respondents. The results of the research were used for the next step of defining the strategic positioning of the product “Novigrad mussels” in order to achieve economic and other positive effects. Therefore, the connection between mariculture, agricultural production and tourism is imposed as the next step through sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is primarily aimed at increasing tourist satisfaction and socio-economic benefits, preserving natural and cultural heritage and reducing the negative impacts of tourism on the local community as a whole.
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