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1
Brown, Pulu Teena Joanne. "Kakai Tonga 'i 'Okalani, Nu'u Sila = Tongan generations in Auckland, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2584.
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This thesis is written in the format of a three act play. The author has elected this structure to frame the ethnographic data and analysis because it seemed befitting for telling my own life story alongside the memories of three generations of my matrilateral and patrilateral Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand. Thus, actors and scenes play out the thesis storyline in three parts where each act is titled Prologue, Dialogue and Epilogue. The Prologue, part one of this three act play, is three chapters which sets in motion the main actors - the research participants, and the scenes - the ethnographic context in which data was collected. It represents an ethnographic mosaic of memory and meaning as co-constructed by actors in recounting how they make sense of their place, their time, in a transnational history, that is, a family of stories among three Tongan generations residing largely in Auckland New Zealand. The Dialogue, part two of this three act play, is four chapters which maps out the theoretical and ethnographic territory that actors and scenes border-cross to visit. By this, I mean that research participants are political actors subject to social factors which shape how their memories and ensuing meanings are selectively reproduced in certain contexts of retelling the past and its relevance to understanding the present. The Epilogue, part three of this three act play, is the curtain call for the closing chapter. It presents an ending in which a new 'identity' entry made by the youngest Tongan generation creates possibilities for social change not yet experienced by prior generations residing in Auckland New Zealand. This thesis is woven into an overarching argument. Here, three generations of my matrilateral and patrilateral Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand intersect through two modes of memory and meaning. First, family reconstruct collective memories of 'identity' and 'culture' to make sense of how their ancestral origin, their historical past, is meaningful in their transnational lives and lifestyles. Second, inter-generational change among Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand is a social-political product of the transnational condition experienced by ethnic-cultural groups categorised as 'minorities' in the developed world.
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Prescott, Semisi Manisela. "Pacific business sustainability in New Zealand a study of Tongan experiences : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/745.
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Pacific business sustainability in New Zealand is important for the economic and social wellbeing of the Pacific Island people who have chosen New Zealand as their home. As with many ethnic minorities businesses overseas, Pacific businesses struggle to survive in a foreign commercial environment that is often not aligned to the value systems and customs of their country of origin. This study seeks to determine the key financial and entrepreneurial drivers of business sustainability for Tongan businesses as a specific group within the Pacific Island business sector. The study takes an ethnic specific view of business sustainability drawing on the experiences of twenty Tongan businesses, three Pacific business consultants and the wider Tongan community. The data was captured in a series of talanoa sessions (a traditional and preferred form of communication based on face to face discussion) carried out in 2006 and 2007. Throughout the study, attention was given to Tongan protocols, cultural nuances and sensitivities to ensure the context in which these Tongan businesses operate was captured. The study concludes by making several contributions to the literature. The first includes the contribution to methodology through to use of talanoa in a business context. The second is the contribution to embeddedness theory through the analysis of specific Tongan business experiences and lastly the empirical contribution to the Pacific Island business literature. The findings have been analysed from a number of perspectives including; financial accounting, business finance, management accounting and business related challenges. The empirical findings highlight that differences in culture and traditional Tongan protocols influence business practice. The impact of Tongan culture on business sustainability is both complementary and inimical. Tongan business sustainability in New Zealand is therefore a product of business practices that incorporate embedded Tongan culture and the western commercial paradigms within which they operate.
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Young, Leslie Heather. "Inventing health tradition, textiles and maternal obligation in the Kingdom of Tonga /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ42782.pdf.
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McGrath, Barbara Burns. "Making meaning of illness, dying and death in the Kingdom of Tonga /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6572.
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Liava'a, Viliami Tupou Futuna. "Transnational Tongans:The Profile and Re-integration of Return Migrants." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2500.
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This study contributes to the 'unwritten chapter' in migration studies, namely transnational return migration, with specific reference to Tongan migrants who have voluntarily returned to live in Tonga. Return migration of transnational Tongans is not 'permanent' as their mobility pre and post-return is characterised by circulation or repeated return rather than staying at 'home'. In examining the circulation of transnational Tongans, two new forms of return migration are identified -- 'return for career advancement' and 'ancestral return'. These additions to a new typology of return migration represent better the contemporary mobility system of transnational Tongans and suggest a means for addressing 'brain drain' through strengthening the 'Tongan-ness' of the diaspora while simultaneously stimulating economic development in the Kingdom. Despite these positive dimensions of return, re-integration is a 'bumpy' process, and there needs to be a holistic migration strategy if greater numbers in the Tongan diaspora are to return and make their potential contribution to sustainable development in the Island Kingdom.
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Ka'ili, Tēvita O. "Tauhi Vā : creating beauty through the art of sociospatial relations /." Thesis, e-Book (PDF), 2008. http://www.library.auckland.ac.nz.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/eproducts/ebooks/Tauhi_Va_Creating_Beauty_Final_Copy.pdf.
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Toluta'u, Talita. "Talanoa matala 'oe fonua : an exegesis submitted to AUT University for the degree of Master of Arts (Art and Design), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/503.
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This study is concerned with representation. It considers the nature of a culturally located narrative form called talanoa and its creative translation into film. The film Talanoa: Matala ‘o e Fonua that constitutes the designed outcome of this project considers the memories of three Tongan women who left their homeland to settle in New Zealand between 1970’s and 1990’s. It is designed as three related garlands that exist as a related unit. Talanoa: Matala ‘o e Fonua is therefore, a creative synthesis of their talanoa, into a new form of documentary that is designed to capture the cultural and emotional resonance of their stories. The work orchestrates photography, animation, sound design, filmed footage and extensive postproduction research into a unique text that seeks to move the parameters of documentary beyond the visual interview. In doing so, the research draws heavily on Tongan paradigms of narrative and representation.
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Mills, Andy N. "Tufunga Tongi 'akau : Tongan club carvers & their arts." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446142.
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This is a material ethnohistory of 'akau - war-clubs from the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific. It combines ethnohistoric reconstruction with stylistic analysis and ethnographic analogy, in order to provide a representation of the use, manufacture and variation of these complex woodcarvings during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its concerns are therefore both stylistic and processual. It argues that these weapons were intimately associated with the biographical accumulation of mana - metaphysical efficacy - and themselves underwent a process of the incremental development of a form of supernatural personhood over time. It presents a new method for the chronological analysis of museum collections, and a chronological stylistic typology of these weapons, as well as a chronology of change in their extensive and detailed decorative surface incision. In order to do this, it argues for the existence of fluctuating formal templates within the minds of all humans apprehending, using and creating artefacts, which are termed Particular and Typological Ideals. It suggests that a complex set of stylistic changes occurred in 'akau over time, of which the foremost were a general diversification and breakdown of the pre-existing canon of forms and iconographic elements, and a far-reaching cultural reorientation towards the uptake of Fijian forms, at some point in the second half of the eighteenth century. These two stylistic trends seem to have been in both concert and opposition, in different aspects of the artistic process.
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Otsuka, Yuko. "Ergativity in Tongan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326946.
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Bunker, Lisa Dawn. "Development of Tongan Materials for Determining Speech Recognition Thresholds." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2419.pdf.
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Bataille-Benguigui, Marie-Claire. "Les Polynésiens des îles Tonga et leur représentation du milieu marin." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100094.
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À la suite d'une large présentation du système social, économique, politique et religieux des îles Tonga, la thèse est axée sur l'étude de l'exploitation traditionnelle des ressources halieutiques tant dans ses aspects pratiques que rituels. L’étude des techniques de pêche liées à l'imaginaire montre que certaines espèces ichtyologiques, en certains lieux de l'archipel, sont traitées comme des partenaires sociaux et assimilées à des chefs ou à des dieux. Il s'agit là d'un fait social total mettant en jeu les institutions économiques, sociales et religieuses de la société tongienne. Les rituels qui accompagnent ces techniques ont pour effet de renforcer le pouvoir des chefs coutumiers locaux, de reproduire la structure sociale et politique traditionnelle - ils agissent comme des réducteurs de tension dans les microsociétés concernées. En conclusion, ces techniques que nous qualifions de religieuses reproduisent l'ordre cosmogonique et social traditionnel préchrétien au sein d'une société christianisée et en voie de transformation la thèse comprend en annexe les textes vernaculaires qui fondent notre interprétation sur la littérature orale qui a été recueillie au cours de deux missions sur le terrain en 1974 et 1983After a large presentation of the social, political, economic and religious traditional system of the Tongan islands, the thesis focus on the study of genuine exploitation of the halieutic resources: technical aspects as ritual ones. The study of those fishing technics, tied to the imaginary shows that certain species of fishes, in certain villages, are treated as social partners assimilated as chiefs or gods. We are here in front of an example of the "total social fact" described by M. Mauss which throw in economic, social and religious genuine institutions. The rituals tied to the fishing technics result in strengthening the power of local customary chiefs - in reproducing the traditional political and social structure - they work on the reduction of social conflicts upon the micro-society concerned. In conclusion, those techniques qualified as religious, reproduce the supernatural and social order of the traditional society in a country on the way of modernization. The oral tradition in Tongan language, collected along the two fieldworks of 1974 and 1983, basic material of our interpretation of the facts, figures in appendix of the thesis
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Adjei-Poku, Gladys. "Lived Experience of Tongans with Obesity and Diabetes." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6959.
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People of Pacific Island descent are afflicted by obesity and diabetes more than other populations. Although interventions have succeeded in reducing these conditions among other groups, they have been unsuccessful among Tongans and other Pacific Islanders. Furthermore, little is known about the cultural perspectives of this population with a high rate of obesity and diabetes. Accordingly, this descriptive phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the lived experiences of Tongans with obesity and diabetes in a western metropolitan area of the United States to understand their predisposition toward these conditions and suggest appropriate interventions. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 11 Tongans, 18 years or older, with obesity and diabetes. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using open-ended questions. Data analysis consisted of verbatim transcription and splitter coding, which identified 5 emerging themes. The findings indicated that cultural customs have created an emotional attachment among Tongan participants to their native foods and that they feel obliged to eat abundantly at food-related social events. Moreover, they mistrust their healthcare professionals, which results in non-adherence to medical advice. The findings align with Martha Rogers' theory of the science of unitary human beings and Bandura's model of reciprocal determinism that there is a strong relationship between people and their cultural environment. This study's findings provide an understanding that may lead to positive social change in designing culturally specific preventive programs to decrease obesity and diabetes and ensure a better quality of life for Tongans.
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Ross, Lucas Nelson. "The Impact of Westernization on Tongan Cultural Values Related to Business." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/69.
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Stevens, Charles John 1950. "The political ecology of a Tongan village." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290684.
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This dissertation presents a political ecological case study of a Tongan village. Political ecology includes the methodological approaches of cultural ecology, concerned with understanding human/resource relations, and political economy, concerned with the historical examination of the political and social organization of production and power. The ethnography of political ecology is primarily interested in understanding how certain people use specific environmental resources in culturally prescribed and historically derive ways. With this in mind, the research provides an historical and ethnographic account of a diversified, local economic system characterized by a highly productive but depreciating smallholder agriculture once regenerative and sustainable. The smallholders in the Kingdom of Tonga are imperfectly articulated with market systems and rely on agricultural production for a significant proportion of household consumption and ceremonialized obligations to kin, and community. The dissertation presents an historical account of the political economic changes in Tonga beginning in the nineteenth century and culminating in recent alteration of traditional farming techniques and the loss of economic self-sufficiency and agricultural sustainability.
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Quesada, Cécile. "Vivre dans une île-volcan : approche anthropologique des relations entre hommes et volcan à Niuafo'ou (Tonga, Polynésie Occidentale)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0237.
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Cette étude d'anthropologie propose d'appréhender l'ensemble des relations unissant les gens de Niuafo'ou (Tonga, Polynésie Occidentale) à leur île-volcan. La démarche théorique adoptée consiste à ne pas présupposer que l'homme se distingue ontologiquement des autres composants de l'environnement. Au quotidien, le volcan représente une terre natale, ancestrale et pourvoyeuse de ressources investie de sens social. La mémoire et l'expérience de ses éruptions ont abouti à l'élaboration de représentations et de savoirs indigènes qui sont au fondement de la création de moyens symboliques ou pratiques visant à affronter le risque éruptif. Ces conceptions et savoirs sont aussi mobilisés par les Niuans dans le cadre d'ateliers de prévention organisés par l'Etat tongien. En défendant leur héritage culturel, ils affirment la spécificité des relations, intrinsèquement liées à leur identité niuane, qu'ils ont bâties avec le volcan, dont ils ont fait un acteur à part entière de leur vie en sociétéThis anthropological study proposes to explore the set of relations uniting the people of Niuafo'ou (Tonga, Western Polynesia) and their island-volcano. The theoretical approach adopted consists in not presupposing that men ontologically distinguish themselves from other components of the environment. On a daily basis, the volcano represents an ancestral and providing land invested with social meaning. The memory and experience of its eruptions have led to the creation of a system of indigenous knowledge and representations that serve as the basis for the invention of symbolical and practical means of coping with eruptive risk. These conceptions and knowledge are also called on by Niuans within the framework of prevention workshops organised by the State. By defending their cultural inheritance, they assert the specificity of the relations, intrinsically interwoven with their Niuan identity, that they have built with the volcano, wich they have made into an agent of their social life
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Olson, Ernest George. "Conflict management in congregation and community in Tonga." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186161.
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This study has the principle goal of showing that Christian institutions and practices are powerful forces for social management within the Tongan community, and, more precisely, that congregations are a primary means for facilitating social control, cooperation, competition, and conflict management. My ethnographic research, including discourse analysis, reveals the distinct nature of conflict management in a range of situations within the congregation and community. Comparison of a number of congregations of different denominational affiliation exposes the factionalization as well as the unification within and among congregations. The study of conflict management processes reveals that congregations are the primary institutional social force in Tongan communities are the primary means for organizing labor, distributing resources, and delegating responsibility for a wide range of activities. Congregations' management of conflicts engenders the expression of opposing beliefs and viewpoints within and between congregations, fuels an ongoing process of congregational identity, and furthers the means by which religious groups are agents of cultural transformation in regard to definitions of self, family, kin group, and community.
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Toafa, Tevita, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture. "Action research to improve the pumpkin industry in Tonga." THESIS_FAH_XXX_Toafa_T.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/190.
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Agricultural industries play a key role in promoting the economic prosperity and growth of Tongan society. Agricultural exports, such as the pumpkin industry, receive foreign exchange to pay for the imports. This project aims to develop an understanding of the problems involved in exporting pumpkins from Tonga to the Japanese rice market. It also aims, as an action research project, to increase the understanding of the problem owners in order to improve the operation of the industry. The inquiry explores the perceived problems and concerns of all parties involved in the development of the industry including the exporters, farmers, government departments and the Tongan Development Bank as well as the Japanese pumpkin importers. The study used a systems approach, utilising action research methodology as an entry point to conduct a collaborative inquiry. A market analysis of the niche market of the pumpkin industry was carried out.The following have been identified as the most important factors in the development of the industry. (1) It was found that low quality standard of pumpkin exports has been the main concern as it hinders the development of the niche market. (2) Insufficient government support services have also contributed to the low quality standard. Partly as a result of the action research project a strategic plan for the industry was developed and this has already led to changes in industry practices.Master of Science (Hons)
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Toutain, Caroline. "La contribution mariste à l'histoire de Tonga, 1840-1900." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070075.
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L'etude des archives maristes fait apparaitre l'emergence d'une minorite a laquelle le catholicisme fournit les elements de sa reconnaissance religieuse, culturelle, sociale et politique. C'est l'histoire de cette minorite et de son evolution dans un contexte impregne par le protestantisme qu'evoquent les ecrits maristes. La perspective historique qui decoule de l'implantation de la mission mariste constitue la trame chronologique de ce travail. La dimension historiographique se superpose a la dimension chronologique et permet de definir comment les maristes ont percu les evenements suscites par leur presence et ceux dont ils etaient les simples temoins. Du point de vue chronologique, et hormis la premiere partie qui s'attache a presenter l'etat de la societe tongienne avant l'arrivee des maristes, cette etude concerne la periode comprise entre l'implantation de la mission catholique, mille huit cent quarante deux, et l'instauration du protectorat britannique sur tonga, mille neuf cent, qui condamna la mission a un retranchement de rigueurThe study of the marists's archives reveals the progressive emergence of a minority to whom catholicism gave its elements of religious, culturel, political and social identity. It is the history of this minority and its evolution into a protestant context that is cuoked through the marist writings. The historical out look which results from the settling of the marist mission and from the growth of the catholic community draws up the chronological frame of this works. The historiographical view added to the chronological study permit us to discover how the marists fathers perceived the events in which they took part and the ones that they witnessed. From the chronological aspect and of apart from the first chapter which draws a view of the tongan society before the arrival of the marists fathers, this study runs from eighteen. Forty-two when they settled in tonga to nineteen- hundred when the british protectorate was set up, which obliged the catholic mission to with draw from the main scene of events
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Northard, Sarah Jane. "Deformation of the Tonga subducting slab." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264511.
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Ncube, Vincent Frank. "HIV/AIDS in rural Tonga culture." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53068.
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Although HIV and AIDS has become a common phenomenon in Zimbabwe and the world over, it still remains a bone of contention for many people with regards to its spread and consequences. Thirty-five years has gone by since the advent of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe. A number of factors, such as unprotected sex; handling of AIDS patients without proper and adequate facilities; and the usage of used needles have been accused of influencing the spread of HIV and AIDS in some parts of Zimbabwe. However, factors influencing the spread of HIV and AIDS among the Tonga females are different from what has been said concerning other parts of country .Factors such as cultural practices which are oppressive to females are responsible for fuelling the spread of AIDS pandemic among the Tonga females. In view of this, the study is therefore meant to examine the validity of the claim which presupposes that those cultural practices such as polygamy; marrying of a spouse whose husband is believed to have died of AIDS; child marriage among others, as responsible for the spread of HIV and AIDS among the Tonga females. It is also the study s aim to validate or falsify the assumption that the Tonga females are more vulnerable to HIV and AIDS than their male counterparts. Since the study seeks to establish the plight of the Tonga females of the Pashu community in the context of HIV and AIDS, about 98% of the respondents or participants are females. The reason for this is to maximise a female voice. In other words, more females were interviewed than males. The gathered data during interviews had been analysed. The study findings confirmed the assumed problem of the Tonga females suffering from HIV and AIDS due to the mentioned factors. Presumably the subsequent consequences of HIV and AIDS have necessitated a pastoral oversight to the afflicted females. In some cases, family relationships are broken. Some witchcraft accusations have also caused hatred among some family members. Seemingly pain and suffering in this case has superseded joy. These findings have influenced a recommendation that a further study on specific cultural practices mentioned above be pursued. The study has revealed and addressed the issues affecting the Tonga females in the context of HIV and AIDS.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Practical Theology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Maka, Lia L. "Trodden paths and untrodden lanes : Tongan students' readings across texts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11086/.
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Using poststructuralist notions of `texts', `textuality ', `discourse', `subjectivity' and `knowledge, this study explores the kinds of meaning links and the location of these links as made by a group of 14-16 year olds Tongan students when they read a range of literary and informative texts (poems, short stories, advertisements, cartoon). To construct `reading vignettes' of the students as to the discursive constructedness of their meaning links, I adopted a variety of methods: gaining information from school documents, students/teachers open-response questionnaires, and on-line and ad hoc reading tasks. The data from these sources suggests the need to explore alternative ways of looking at reading practices and the nature of response in Tongan classrooms. I did this using a poststructuralist, pedagogical framework of scaffolding and problematising. This entailed soliciting the cooperation of a co-teacher to demonstrate various ways of poststructuralist scaffolding during reading. A select group of students were chosen to be engaged in these scaffolding sessions. The study found that meaning links are not only fluid, but paradoxical in nature and that such links are triggered by textual ideas that are of relevance and interest to the reader. Moreover, such links are located variously, either inscribed in texts or constituted from discoursal discursive practices framing response. Personal links are particular to how each has been historically constituted as a reader and vary according to texts, gender, biographical backgrounds, and even in rereadings of the same texts. Most are rooted in alignments to do with minority issues (gender, race), interests, and beliefs. However, at a broader, discoursal level, these meaning links share a commonality in the location of their sources, that of clearly defined Tongan notions of family solidarity, religion and hierarchical social roles. Both the readers' personal and socio-cultural meanings therefore constitute and are constitutive of their interpretation and both impact upon each other. Texts are constructed with a set of assumed prior knowledge for readers. The study found that if a text's set of knowledge is not in the readers' knowledge repertoire, the reader takes recourse to other meanings to fill in sutures in the texts other than the dominant reading. Despite being scaffolded on ways to problematise textual constructions and ideology, some unwittingly fell prey to textual ideology because of a limited repertoire of other knowledge links to interpret texts alternatively or an inability to perceive textual construction. Some however, knowingly chose to align with textual ideology when it concurs with theirs, whilst those who read against a text's preferred reading, gave a range of readings rooted in alignments constituted by personal, socio-cultural and political ideologies. Such findings imply that if the text's assumed knowledge is not shared by the reader, a poststructuralist reading approach enables the reader to utilise various strategies and knowledge links either to appropriate such knowledge, transform, or resist it. This is potentially useful in Tongan classrooms and particularly with those raised in a culture of hierarchy and textually deferential readings. The findings in general suggests that a poststructuralist reading approach allows students to identify and bring to the fore, often subjugated knowledges; explore and negotiate a range of meaning possibilities; and exercise meaning choices whilst critically cognisant of the range of knowledges at stake. In the process of this negotiation, they refine and develop wide-ranging ideas. The findings have important implications for a poststructuralist, bilingual framework to reading pedagogy and assessment in Tonga either for studies in English, the vernacular, or any other subject area, particularly in terms of giving voices to, and carving out spaces for those whose meanings tend to be marginalised in language classrooms.
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Herlin, Cecilia. "Fakalakalaka : The impact of a Tongan notion of development in a contemporary transnational world." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Socialantropologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2458.
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This paper aims to explore a Tongan notion of development –'fakalakalaka' – in light of Western notions of development. Two case studies of international development aid schemes illustrate the impact of Tongan development ideas in practice. Drawing on a number of ethnographers' work on Tonga, 'fakalakalaka' appears broader than the Western notion of development. The latter is characterised by influential ideals of controllability and industrialisation. The notion of development among Tongans, on the other hand, tends to be directed by an underlying persistence that, for instance, reflects Tongan core values regarding social organisation. The production of textile 'koloa', controlled by women, emerges as central to the accomplishment of this three-dimensional development notion of intertwined physical, mental and spiritual aspects. The importance attributed to this specific kind of textile has increased in recent years and found two additional roles, or development strategies, in Tongans' contemporary transnational world.
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Tuohimaa, Amanda. "Den gudomliga människan : en komparativ studie av det tonganska hövdingadömet." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1550.
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This essay will examine the social organization in the archipelago of Tonga. To accomplish this purpose, archaic societies and structures such as ancient Egypt and Hawaii will be examined to obtain a closer understanding of the building blocks which constitute a chiefdom or kingdom. Since Patrick V. Kirch (2010) recently redefined the Hawaiian archipelago as a kingdom this essay will examine if the same can be done with the chiefdom of Tonga since it have similarities to the Hawaiian social organization.To do this the essay will examine and describe both the geographical organization of the states and the social organization. Social organization in this essay will be defined as an archaic state organization that requires several levels of administration to rule the society.Kandidatuppsats
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Fa'anunu, Sinama Tupou. "Experiences of Tongan Women Migrants at Paid Work in New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2299.
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The employment experiences of Tongan women migrants have received little attention in the literature. This study therefore, sought to shed light on the dynamics of their social and economic experiences at paid work in New Zealand. It was guided by the theories of population geographies, feminist geography and postcolonialism. The inter-relationships of these theories provided insights into the influence of migration on these women's identities, ethnicity and gender relations and also how these influence these women's experiences at paid work in New Zealand. The data were drawn from two major sources: i) the New Zealand 2006 population census and ii) in-depth interviews held in Tonga and New Zealand, with greater focus on the interviews. This study revealed that the Tongan women's decisions for migrating to New Zealand were influenced by social rather than economic incentives. Migration has challenged these women's traditional roles and reconstructed their gender relations. Many are breadwinners yet Tongan born men in New Zealand still predominantly engage in the labour force and have higher personal income. Their experiences at paid work also differ from the New Zealand born Tongan women in New Zealand. These differences reflect the availability of their social networks and their familiarity with the socio-economic systems in New Zealand. They experienced successes and failures at paid work on their way to improving their lives in New Zealand.
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Wong, Megan Barbara. "A dietary isotopic study at Nukuleka, Tonga." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46429.
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The aim of this project is to investigate Lapita-age human and faunal remains recovered from the 2007 excavation of Tonga’s founder site of Nukuleka (2838+/-8 BP) using stable carbon and nitrogen analysis. Results were then used to evaluate the two main Lapita subsistence theories: the strandlooper hypothesis, which states that Lapita people focused primarily on easily foraged marine and terrestrial resources (Groube 1971), and the horticultural hypothesis, which states that Lapita people migrated with a transported landscape, indicating a reliance on horticultural activity (Burley 1998).
Unfortunately, after human remains selected for this research were isotopically analyzed, it became apparent that the vast majority of the samples were poorly preserved and none of the samples were suitable for use in this project. Only one of the fourteen samples yielded viable collagen and it had a δ¹³C signature of -16.0‰ and a δ¹⁵N signature of 10.4‰. Upon review of Burley et al.'s (2010) Nukuleka excavation report it was found that this sample was likely historic in nature and was rejected for use in this project.
In consideration of the poor collagen preservation of sampled human remains, environmental factors that may have lead to the degradation of the Nukuleka samples are discussed, as well as potential approaches archaeologists could use in future isotopic investigations. To continue with the goal of this project, previous dietary isotopic research in the South Pacific is reviewed, and used as a comparison tool in the evaluation of Nukuleka subsistence strategies. Based on evidence from sites in Remote Oceania, it is likely that Lapita settlers at Nukuleka were employing a subsistence strategy consistent with Groube’s (1971) proposed strandlooper hypothesis.
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Mafi, Salote Christine Laumanukilupe. "Assertive communication by first- and second-generation Tongan employees in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17040.pdf.
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Seaver, Lara Cahoon. "The Development of Word Recognition Materials for Native Speakers of Tongan." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2404.pdf.
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Condevaux, Aurélie. "Performances polynésiennes : adaptations locales d'une "formule culturelle-touristique" globale en Nouvelle-Zélande et à Tonga." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10111.
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Depuis ses débuts, l'anthropologie du tourisme a connu de profonds changements : d'abord dénonciateurs d'un phénomène jugé destructeur pour les cultures étudiées, les anthropologues ont peu à peu souligné que le tourisme pouvait aussi être un moyen de définir les identités locales et, pour les minorités politiques, de faire valoir certaines revendications. Comme d'autres phénomènes liés à la mondialisation, les pratiques touristiques sont ainsi traversées de tendances contradictoires, entre uniformisation et particularisation culturelle. Cette thèse propose de comprendre et d'expliquer comment les « performances touristiques » tongiennes et maori permettent de donner du sens à ces tensions pour des acteurs sociaux aux attentes et aux représentations diverses, voire contradictoires. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de comprendre les spécificités des performances touristiques, en tant que type d'action qui permet de délivrer des messages divers à des publics tout aussi divers (touristes et danseurs) par le recours à des moyens variés : langage, expérience corporelle et manipulation d'objets notammentSince its beginnings, the anthropology of tourism has undergone major changes : after having accused tourism of destroying cultural authenticity, anthropologists started to underline that tourism can be an empowering tool for minorities to assert their particular identities. Tourism, as other globalisation-related phenomena, is imbued with two opposite tendencies : cultural homogeneization one the one hand and reconstitution of indigenous cultures and traditions on the other. This thesis aims to understand and explain how Māori and Tongan tourist performances help social actors to make sense of, and cope with, those contradictory tendencies. In order to do that, it is necessary to understand what the particularities of tourist performances are and how, as sequences of specific events and actions, they can deliver different messages to different audiences by using a range of mediums such as body and verbal languages, corporeal and object-mediated actions
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Wang, Andrew Jen. "TONGS: TLDR; Opinion Network Guide System." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1798.
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In the modern world, huge amounts of text are being generated every minute. For example, Twitter users post their current emotions in tweets, while Facebook users vent about their experience in posts. In just one minute, Twitter users upload 350,000 tweets, and Facebook users post anywhere from 2.5 million to 3 million posts. To keep up with this growth in data, almost all of this information goes through automated text processing. To extract features such as the opinion and subjectivity in text, sentiment analysis is applied to the corpus. In this thesis, we present the TONGS library for conducting sentiment analysis. TONGS uses Word2Vec within the TensorFlow library to convert words into vector space representations. The TONGS library contains four different methods built upon previous research in sentiment analysis and Word2Vec. We further experiment and analyze these methods using the IMDB dataset. Finally, we introduce and test a new sentiment dataset from government hearings obtained through Digital Democracy, challenging the accuracy of the TONGS library in an unknown topic.
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Bonnardot, Marie-Aude. "Étude géodynamique de la zone de subduction Tonga-Kermadec par une approche couplée de modélisation numérique 3D et de sismotectonique." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4072.
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Etude géodynamique de la zone de subduction Tonga-Kermadec par une approche couplée de modélisation numérique 3D et de sismotectonique La zone de subduction des Tonga-Kermadec est le résultat d’une évolution géodynamique complexe. L’interaction des mécanismes d’ouverture du domaine arrière-arc, de la subduction de la ride oblique de Louisville, de la d´echirure de la plaque Pacifique plongeante ou encore d’une obliquité de convergence croissante du Nord au Sud de la zone, est `a l’origine de la segmentation morphotectonique actuelle du système. Une approche couplée de modélisation numérique 3D et de sismotectonique a permis d’étudier l’état de contrainte d’un système convergent induit lors de la subduction d’une plaque océanique le long d’une marge courbe ou encore, lors de la subduction d’un relief océanique. Pour cela, un code numérique en éléments finis thermo-mécanique en 3D (ADELI-3D) a été développé par R. Hassani, puis validé dans le cadre de cette thèse. Les résultats soulignent un effet significatif des variations latérales d’un système convergent sur les déformations lithosphériques engendrées. (1) Dans le cas de marges à géométrie courbe, une convexité ou concavité vers l’océan, induit respectivement un régime compressif ou extensif dans la plaque supérieure et ce, quel que soit le contraste de densité entre la lithosphère et l’asthénosphère ou encore la valeur du coefficient de friction interplaque. (2) Les résultats des simulations numériques 3D et de l’étude sismotectonique ont mis en évidence le rôle significatif de la subduction d’une ride océanique sur l’état de contrainte de la plaque supérieure. La subduction d’une ride se traduit par la surrection de la marge et un régime compressif au front du relief en subduction. Nos simulations montrent que la distribution des contraintes au sein de la plaque chevauchante est contrôlée par l’obliquité de la ride. Dans la plaque chevauchante du système Tonga-Kermadec, une segmentation tectonique et cinématique des zones d’arc et d’arrière-arc est mise en évidence à travers la résolution de l’état de contraintes déduit des mécanismes au foyer. Un régime de contraintes similaire est obtenu dans nos modèles 3D et nous permet de confirmer le rôle significatif de la subduction de la ride de Louisville sur la structuration actuelle du bassin arrière-arc de Lau. (3) L’étude de la distribution de la sismicité et des mécanismes au foyer de la plaque plongeante révèle une influence de cette ride sur le comportement profond de la plaque. Un saut de subduction, qui coÏncide avec l’arrivée de la ride de Louisville dans la fosse est mis en évidence au Nord de la ride de Peggy. Ce saut de subduction s’est accompagné d’un détachement de la partie profonde du panneau plongeant, souligné par une vaste lacune de sismicité sous le Bassin de Lau. Une étude fine de la distribution de la sismicité de la plaque supérieure a permis d’identifier de nouvelles structures tectoniques dans le Nord du système Tonga, `a savoir l’axe Futuna-Niua Fo’ou, interpréé comme une ancienne frontière de plaques et l’accident intra-arc de Niuatoputapu, impliqués dans la réorganisation globale du systèmeGeodynamical study of the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone using both 3-D numerical modelling and seismotectonics approaches The Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is the consequence of a complex geodynamical evolution. The interaction between the back-arc opening mechanisms, the subduction of the oblique aseismic Louisville Seamount Chain, the tearing of the Pacific Plate and the increasing obliquity of convergence from North to South results in the presentday morphotectonic segmentation of the convergent system. Using both 3-D numerical modelling and seismotectonics, we attempt to determine the state of stress inferred in a convergent system (1) from a convergence accommodated along a curved margin and (2) from the subduction of an oceanic aseismic ridge. For that purpose, a finite element thermo-mechanical code was developped in 3-D by R. Hassani and then validated within the framework of this study. The results highlight a significant effect of the along-strike variations in a convergent system on the style of lithospheric deformation. (1) A convexity or concavity of the margin towards the ocean enhances respectively a compressive or extensive regime within the upper plate, whatever are the density contrast between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere or the value of the friction coefficient. (2) The results from both the numerical simulations and the seismotectonics study highlight a significant role of an oceanic ridge subduction on the state of stress within the overriding plate. A compressive regime as well as the uplift of the margin are induced in front of the subducted ridge. The numerical simulations indicate that the stress distribution within the upper plate is controlled by the obliquity of the subducted ridge. A tectono-kinematics segmentation of the arc and back-arc domains in the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone, is revealed through the stress tensor resolution deduced from the CMTS. Since this segmentation is likely correlated to the numerical results, we confirm the influence of the Louisville Seamount Chain on the present-day structure of the Lau back-arc basin. (3) The study of the shallow seismicity distribution and of the CMTS indicate also the influence of the Louisville ridge on the deep slab behaviour. A subduction jump correlated with the initiation of the Louisville Ridge subduction is identified to the North of the Peggy Ridge. A detachment of the deep slab, which is underlined by a major seismic gap below the Lau Basin, accommodated this subduction jump. From a precise study of the shallow seismicity distribution, new tectonic features are identified in the Northern part of the Lau Basin : the Futuna-Niua Fo’ou alignement interpreted as a fossil plate boundary and the intra-arc Niuatoputapu structure. They are both involved in the global reorganisation of the subduction zone
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'Otunuku, Mo‘ale. "Tongan conceptions of schooling in New Zealand : insights and possible solutions to underachievement." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6980.
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An understanding of Tongans' conceptions of New Zealand secondary schooling is fundamental to behavioural and professional development interventions that may help promote academic achievement. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate Tongan attitudes, beliefs and intentions relating to their secondary schooling experiences in the context of New Zealand and how these constructs may or may not influence learning outcomes. A mixed methods analysis of parents, students and teachers' qualitative and quantitative data identified beliefs about aims of schooling, their responsibilities and school preferences and their conceptions of reasons for Tongan students' low achievement. The three participants' conceptions of assessment, teaching and learning were also identified with students' conceptions being analysed against their NCEA results. Measurement models for Tongan parents' conceptions of schooling were found for each of the seven domains investigated. Measurement models were also found for Tongan secondary school students' conceptions of assessment, teaching experiences and approaches to learning and teachers' conceptions of assessment, teaching and learning. The SEM analysis of Tongan students' conceptions of schooling and their NCEA results found that strength of predictors and proportion of variance explained was higher for the externally assessed component, there was a subject-based difference in how Tongan students' performance was influenced by their schooling conceptions and more Tongan students were doing internally assessed standards. Behavioural changes to support academic success can happen when peoples' current beliefs and attitudes are identified and made explicit. From these, appropriate behavioural or professional development interventions can be developed and implemented to bring about positive changes. Under current conditions, Tongans beliefs and attitudes about schooling experiences do not seem to generate good academic outcomes for Tongan secondary school students in New Zealand. Teachers' deficit theorizing of Tongan students is still an issue and identifying these constructs and understanding them are central to the government and school efforts to improve the academic achievement for Tongan students. In addition, schools should emphasize the competitive challenge of doing well in formal examinations as a means of leveraging Tongan community beliefs towards greater academic performance for Tongan students. This is to complement the current emphasis on cultural compatibility and responsive approaches already implemented.
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Toafa, Tevita. "Action research to improve the pumpkin industry in Tonga /." View thesis View thesis, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030604.165605/index.html.
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MERNAGH, SUZSANNE. "GIRLS WORK AMONG THE TONGA PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN ZAMBIA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190691.
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Poltorak, Michael Stephen. "Aspersions of agency : ghosts, love and sickness in Tonga." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407709.
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Ulungaki, Ana Maui Taufe. "Implications of language attitudes for language planning in Tonga." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.749284.
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Good, Mary Katherine. "Modern Moralities, Moral Modernities: Ambivalence and Change Among Youth in Tonga." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242472.
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Youth in Tonga occupy a particularly fraught social position due to their symbolic status as both the "purveyors of global modernity" and "the future of the nation and tradition." This precarious standing provides the basis for my analysis of the ways in which youth engage in the negotiation of moral frameworks in everyday life. I employ both sociocultural and linguistic anthropological methods and theory to examine how morality is construed across multiple domains of daily life, including language, aesthetic self-fashioning, and social action. Global modernity has brought significant changes in the kinds of goods available and lives imaginable by Tongans, but has also introduced considerable ambivalence about how Tongan culture and tradition can be reconciled with new opportunities. In particular, digital technologies and links with transnational organizations have begun to mediate gendered notions of what it means to be moral in the rapidly changing local context. In a society where strong relationships with kin are still one of the major institutions critical to the fulfillment of basic daily needs and to making extra-local connections for education or work, these changes have led to increasing concern about the maintenance of Tongan "tradition," including moral obligations to extended family. As new technologies, expanded fields of sexuality, and other enticements instill desires for different kinds of lives, the affective and material ties of generous, loving kin continue to keep youth rooted in traditional social networks. Throughout the negotiation of desires and obligations, youth work to present themselves as socially appropriate actors in their daily activities, while casting an eye to the larger global stage. This research stands on the premise that globalization must be understood as a set of processes operating on micro-levels of intimate social practices rather than viewing it as simply a collection of macro-scale economic or political forces. I argue that, as youth re-interpret the meanings of morality in light of global modernity, they subtly shift cultural understandings of emotional and epistemological frameworks as well, changing the balance of power relations between and within the local and global contexts.
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Latu, Makelesi. "Talanoa: a contribution to the teaching and learning of Tongan Primary School children in New Zealand." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/919.
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Tongan migrants migrated to New Zealand with specific purposes in mind. One purpose is for Tongan children to gain the benefits of good education that New Zealand has to offer. However, there is a growing concern for Tongan parents and New Zealand teachers and schools about the quality and impact of education Tongan children receive. The study is titled, “Talanoa: A contribution to the teaching and learning of Tongan Primary School children in New Zealand” centres on Tongan parents who are recent migrants from Tonga and have primary school children. The research focuses on alternative approach in teaching and learning pedagogies of Tongan children in New Zealand. The research approach is drawn from Tongan language and cultural practices called talanoa, a communal act of social, political and critical dialogue for a purpose. The methodology is qualitative in design, drawing extensively from Tongan language and culture to research the koloa (values) of talanoa that Tongan parents practise at home. The method of data collection employed is talanoa (critical dialogue) conducted in groups with Tongan parents to capture their perceptions, views and experiences of talanoa in their various homes. In examining this unique context, data is analysed using the Tongan concept koloa. The values of talanoa when explored from the participant’s perspective are more clearly understood. The findings of the study indicate that Tongan migrants’ home practice of talanoa offers a teaching and learning pedagogy which is valued as a best approach in teaching their children. The findings further indicate that talanoa can be extended beyond the homes and into many classroom environments.
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Bhattacharjee, Samita. "Poly'nAsia a fashionable fusion of Tongan & Indian textile traditions : this exegesis is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Art and Design (Fashion Design ), February 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Banerjee, Neil Raoul. "Hydrothermal alteration in a modern suprasubduction zone, the Tonga forearc crust." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58557.pdf.
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Bataille-Benguigui, Marie-Claire. "Les Polynésiens des îles Tonga et leur représentation du milieu marin." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595743g.
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Robinson, Adam Hackett. "Seamount structure and subduction at the Louisville Ridge–Tonga-Kermadec collision." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12497/.
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The Louisville Ridge (LRSC) is an ~4000 km-long SW Pacific seamount chain currently being subducted at the Tonga-Kermadec Trench (TKT). Both the trend of the LRSC and the subduction of the Pacific plate are oblique to the trench, resulting in southward migration of the intersection point at a rate of 120-180 mm yr-1, and producing significant along-strike variation in forearc structure and seismicity. The LRSC-TKT intersection was investigated by a multi-disciplinary geophysical experiment aboard the R/V Sonne in 2011, acquiring multichannel and wide-angle seismic, gravity, and bathymetry data, to better understand the effect of subducting bathymetric features on forearc deformation. As part of this, it is necessary to determine the structure and characteristics of the incoming seamounts, and how they are deformed during subduction. This study is underpinned by an ~725 km-long profile traversing the oldest extant LRSC seamounts, that continues along its projection into the trench and forearc. LRSC seamounts display a range of internal structures, including shallow, high-velocity (≥6 km s-1) cores. The also sit on crust that is not significantly thickened. At the trench, Osbourn seamount is experiencing bend-induced normal faulting which suggests that each seamount may be disarticulated to a size smaller than the imaging resolution. Observed similarity between the P-wave velocity structure of seamount flank material and ordinary subducting oceanic crust also suggests that distinguishing between these in the trench-forearc region is challenging. Consequently, it is not unequivocally possible to determine, within the confines of the profile locations and model resolution, whether the last LRSC seamount to have subducted, was subducted intact along the continuation of the trend of the extant chain. Along-margin observations indicate that significant seamount-related forearc deformation is superimposed on pre-existing crustal structures, with the maximum deformation occurring in the wake of the migration of active collision. Observations of forearc morphology at the present-day intersection point support those from seismicity and plate reconstruction, which suggests that this location may also coincide with a westerly rotation in the trend of the chain.
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Funnell, Matthew James. "Evolution of the Tonga-Kermadec forearc in response to seamount subduction." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12360/.
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Subducting plate characteristics are recorded as temporal variations in overriding plate deformation. Downgoing bathymetric anomalies superimpose enhanced tectonic erosion on pre-existing forearc crustal and sedimentary structural variations. Existing models of inherited forearc crustal structure along the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system are simplistic and neglect along-strike variability, which has resulted in a limited understanding of margin evolution and Louisville Ridge seamount chain (LRSC) subduction. In this study, robustly tested, velocity-depth and density-depth models are synthesised with existing data from the Tonga-Kermadec margin to reveal along-strike variations in the subducting and overriding plate structure. In regions north and south of the point of LRSC subduction, the incoming Pacific plate displays > 2 km-throw bend faults and reduced seismic velocity throughout the crust and upper mantle by ~1.0 km s⁻¹ and ~0.5 km s⁻¹, respectively. Around the LRSC-trench intersection, the trench axial depth decreases by 4 km and normal fault throw is reduced to < 1 km, suggesting the seamounts reduce subducting plate deformation. The forearc structure is dominated by the extinct (~51 Ma) Tonga arc, defined by a high velocity (7.0-7.4 km s⁻¹) and density (3.30 ± 0.10 g cm⁻³) lower crustal anomaly. Increases in Tonga-Kermadec forearc crustal thickness from 12 to > 18 km over 300 km along-strike are coincident with variations in bathymetry and free-air gravity anomaly that reveal a broader trend of northward-increasing crustal thickness between 18° and 32°, predating LRSC subduction at the margin. Beyond this region, the overriding crust formed as the south Fiji Basin opened ~35 Ma. Within this framework of existing crustal structure, LRSC subduction promotes erosion of the overriding crust, forming a steep unstable lower-trench slope. Following seamount subduction, trench-slope stability is re-established by the collapse of the extinct Tonga arc, suggesting that seamount subduction commenced at 22° along the margin.
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Pope, Matthew B. "An Exploratory Study of Parent Involvement in Church Schools in Tonga." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8670.
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The majority of research about parent involvement and family engagement indicates a positive relationship between parent involvement and student achievement. However, parent involvement as a useful strategy in education in developing countries is not well known, let alone researched. Until the current study no research has been published specifically about the types and frequency of family engagement in Tonga. This means there is no frame of reference for teachers, administrators and parents in Tonga to evaluate the applicability of existing family engagement research which has been predominantly conducted in developed countries, to schools in Tonga. This research is a descriptive, exploratory study to understand parent involvement in Tonga from the perspective of Tongan parents and teachers. The guiding framework was developed by Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler (1995) who identified three key constructs that influence parents' decisions for involvement -- parent motivational beliefs, invitations to be involved, and life context variables. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather and analyze data that were gathered from teachers (n=88) and parents (n=503) during focus groups and surveys at four schools that are owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Tonga. The overarching desire was to understand why parents make the choices they do about the types and frequency of their involvement. Factor analysis and reliability tests supported the use of the selected survey instruments in this study. Some findings were similar to those found in research in developed countries including the way Tongan parents and teachers defined what parent involvement is. Further research could identify parent involvement behaviors that are particularly relevant in Tonga which improve student achievement Although the schools involved in this study are English speaking schools, language did not appear to be a strong barrier or enabler for parent involvement. However, a strong culture of respect and duty was repeatedly mentioned as potentially inhibiting parent involvement. Invitations appear to play a significant positive role in promoting parent involvement and may help mitigate parents' reluctance to participate. Encouraging and training teachers to extend effective invitations to parents which include specific suggestions for involvement may help increase the frequency of parent involvement.
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Melz, Fredrik. "Operation Tonga : En studie av förberedelsernas och förövningens betydelse utifrån de grundläggande förmågorna och de taktiska grundprinciperna." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-149.
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Operation Tonga var en del av de allierades invasion av Hitlers Fort Europa. Syftet med operationen var att skydda de landstigande styrkorna vid Normandies östra flank. Operationen genomfördes av major John Howard och hans glidflygplansburna trupper från Oxford and Buckinghamshires lätta infanteriregemente. Denna enhet genomförde en operation utan understöd eller underhåll från egna förband och hade en begränsad möjlighet att fysiskt kunna medföra utrustning, likt den svenska luftburna bataljonen.
Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka om förberedelser och förövning är nyckeln till framgång när en enhet skall anfalla en starkare försvarsgrupperad enhet.
Uppsatsen innehåller en analys av de förberedelser som gjordes inför operation Tonga utifrån de grundläggande förmågorna. Utifrån den analysen förs en diskussion över dessa förberedelsers betydelse utifrån de taktiska grundprinciperna för markarenan. Analysen och diskussionen visar att förberedelserna och förövningen ledde till att chefen fick en större handlingsfrihet och att enheten fick ett högre stridstempo och genom det höga stridstempot kunde upprätthålla sin överraskning som skapats genom en coup de main operation. Det höga stridstempot och överraskningen gjorde att major Howard kunde ta initiativet i striden och nå lokal överlägsenhet och på så vis slå den försvarsgrupperade fienden vid bron Pegasus bridge. Det höga stridstempot uppnåddes tack vare förbandets förövning och förberedelser samt de goda underrättelser som major John Howard hade tillgång till vid framtagandet av sin stridsplan.
Operation Tonga served a bigger purpose than to take control over Pegasus bridge. The purpose of the operation was to protect the flank of the allied troops at Normandy. The operation was carried out by Major John Howard and his troops from the Oxford and Buckinghamshire light infantry regiment. This unit had no support or supply assistance from other units and had limited capability to bring equipment, just like the Swedish air assault battalion.
The purpose of this essay was to examine if preparations is the key to success when one unit is about to bring out an assault against a stronger, dug in unit.
This essay contains an analysis of the preparations on the basis of the basic abilities. Those preparations are later discussed based on the principals of ground tactics in order to see the effects of the preparations in the operation. The analysis and the discussion show that the unit gained a higher tempo of combat and achieved a surprise element. The high tempo of combat and the surprise made it possible for Major Howard to take the initiative in the battle and achieve local superiority. That made it possible for Major Howard to defeat the dug in enemy at Pegasus bridge. The high tempo of combat was possible because of the units’ preparations and the intelligence reports Major John Howard got as support when planning for combat.
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Fusimalohi, Taniela L. "Culture-bound public administration : the value basis of public administration in Tonga /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19271.pdf.
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Niumeitolu, Heneli T. "The State and the Church : the state of the church in Tonga." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2236.
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This dissertation examines the impact of ‘Tongan culture’ as represented by those with power in the Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga (FWC). The word “free” in the name of a church usually denotes the desire to be independent of the State or any other outside control but in this context it was often the contrary. From the outset of the Wesleyan Mission in 1826, the chiefs who embodied and controlled Tonga, welcomed the early European explorers yet with the twin underlying aims of gaining benefits while simultaneously maintaining their supremacy. The dissertation argues that the outcome leaves the FWC in dire need of inculturation, with Gospel challenging ‘Culture.’ Historical and anthropological approaches are used to substantiate this claim. Encouraged by Captain Cook’s report the missionaries arrived and were welcomed by the chiefs. The conversion of the powerful Taufa‘ahau was pivotal to the spread of the Wesleyan Mission yet this marriage of convenience came at a cost because Taufa‘ahau had his own agenda of what a church should be. This study assesses Tongan demeanour prior to the arrival of Europeans and in the early years of settlement, especially the response to Cook in 1773, 74, 77 which set the tone for later interaction. It then looks at how Tongan ways have moulded the FWC since the beginning of the Wesleyan Mission in 1826 by relying on data from archives, interviews, and journals of early explorers and missionaries. This dissertation argues that what is widely accepted as the Tongan way of life, which the FWC represents as the Gospel, is essentially the interest of the elite with power and wealth. From the start the chiefs were not only interested in the Wesleyan Mission for religious but also for political reasons; indeed they made and even still make no such separation. Because of this collusion of the FWC and the state, the FWC is recognized as the supporter of the status quo, its ministers being part of the elite system of social and spiritual control. The ensuing confusion between the church, Christ, and culture leads to a neglect of the poor and marginal and a failure to speak prophetically to the elite.
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Fasi, 'Uhila-moe-Langi. "Bilingualism and learning mathematics in English as a second language in Tonga." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298727.
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McRae, Carol Joy. "Problems in educational development in the Kingdom of Tonga : a case study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020166/.
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Hachipola, Jerome Simooya. "A historico-comparative study of Zambian Plateau Tonga and seven related lects." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1991. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28969/.
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The aim of this thesis is a historico-comparative study of Zambian Plateau Tonga (Guthrie's M 64) and seven related lects (Valley, Toka, Ila, Lenje, Soli, Subiya and Totela). Some previous studies have treated Subiya and Totela as a distinct subfamily of Bantu (Guthrie's K 40), while others agree in attaching it to M 60; SI has also been associated with Lunda (Guthrie's L 51) and Luvale (Guthrie's K 14). The present study is based on wordlists of some 650 items Including Swadesh's 200-wordlist of basic vocabulary collected for each of the lects during a five-month field trip to Zambia in 1987. The study examines this data both synchronically (Chapter 2) and diachronically, attempting to reconstruct an inventory of Proto-Tonga consonant and vowel phonemes (Chapters 3) and relating this to Guthrie's Proto-Bantu (Chapter 5). Hierachically two broad subdivisions of the Tonga lects can be made Subiya and Totela together form one branch of Tonga as evidenced by certain shared innovations. The other branch groups together Plateau, Valley, Toka, Ila, Lenje and Soli on the basis of another set of phonological developments and the six lects are collectively referred to as Core Tonga. However, this division cannot be rigidly adhered to because Subiya and Totela to some extent participate in innovations affecting one or more members of the core group. It cannot be decided at the moment whether Sb and Tt together with the core lects form one distinct subfamily of Bantu or whether Sb and Tt form a different subfamily with some other lects not studied here. (Chapter 4). Some of the innovations link neighbouring lects and point to diffusion of phonological features across a geographical continuum. This convergence is further illuminated by the discussion of sociolinguistic factors in Chapter 6.
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Runarsdottir, Anna Lisa. "Modernity and tradition : houses and material culture in the kingdom of Tonga." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411511.
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