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1

Watt, Marie E. Development of the face, palate and tongue. Glasgow: University of Glasgow Dental School, 2000.

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2

Prah, K. K. Mother tongue for scientific and technological development in Africa. 3rd ed. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society, 2000.

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3

Prah, K. K. Mother tongue for scientific and technological development in Africa. Bonn: Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung, Zentralstelle für Erziehung, Wissenschaft und Dokumentation, 1993.

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4

Montana. Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation. Tongue River Basin Project: Final environmental impact statement. [Helena, Mont: The Dept., 1996.

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5

Kid's slips: What young children's slips of the tongue reveal about language development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005.

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6

Willows, Gill. English through French?: Are we teaching anything in second language which is developing knowledge about language in general and therefore reinforcing the understanding of our native tongue? Is this language development linked to teaching methodology : (MA Education dissertation). [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1996.

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7

Thomas, Alan M. Final report I to International Research and Development Centre: Summer Institute grant #1, language/tongues for 1992. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Dept. of Adult Education, Comparative, International and Development Education Centre, 1993.

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8

Review of the Strategic Development Plan Seven, Public Sector Development Programme (2001/02-2003/04). Kingdom of Tonga: Central Planning Dept., 2003.

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9

Lee, Helen Morton. Becoming Tongan: An ethnography of childhood. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1996.

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10

Tonga. Central Planning Dept. Review of the strategic development plan Seven Public Sector Development Programme (2002/03-2004/05). Kingdom of Tonga: Central Planning Dept., 2004.

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11

2nd national millennium development goals report: Tonga : status and progress between 1990-2010. Tonga: Ministry of Finance and National Planning, 2010.

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12

Geisler, Gisela G. "Women do not grow cash-crops, they only grow the family": Gendered divisions of labour amongst the Toka of Zambia. [Lusaka?: s.n., 1990.

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13

Sun, Sylvia Henel. The development of a lexical tone phonology in American adult learners of standard Mandarin Chinese. Honolulu, HI: Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1997.

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14

Sun, Sylvia Henel. The development of a lexical tone phonology in American adult learners of standard Mandarin Chinese. [Honolulu, HI]: Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center, University of Hawaii̕ at Mānoa, 1998.

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15

Symposium Cross-Linguistic Studies of Tonal Phenomena (2003 Tokyo, Japan). Proceedings of the Symposium Cross-Linguistic Studies of Tonal Phenomena: Historical development, phonetics of tone, and descriptive studies : Dec. 17-19, 2002, Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA). Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 2003.

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16

Yi Er Ge (Ilg, Frances Lillian, 1902- ), He Bei Er (Haber, Carol Chase), Zhang Zi-fang, Ames Louise Bates, Ilg Frances Lillian 1902-, and Haber Carol Chase, eds. Ni de 1 sui hai zi: You ke ai you nan qu yue de nian ling. Tai bei shi: Xin yi chu ban, 1998.

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17

Helgesson, Alf. Church, state, and people in Mozambique: An historical study with special emphasis on Methodist developments in the Inhambane Region. Uppsala: [Uppsala University, 1994.

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18

The historical development of Japanese tone: From proto-Japanese to the modern dialects : the introduction and adaptation of the Middle Chinese tones in Japan. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.

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19

Zhu yi li you xi 150. Beijing Shi: Beijing shao nian er tong chu ban she, 2010.

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20

Wyoming Water Development Commission. Basin Planning Program., HKM Engineering Inc, Lord Consulting, and Watts and Associates, eds. Powder/Tongue River basin plan. [Cheyenne, Wyo.?: Wyoming Water Development Commission, 2002.

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21

Amir, Dana. Cleft Tongue: The Language of Psychic Structures. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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22

Warner, Tobias. The Tongue-Tied Imagination. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284634.001.0001.

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Should a writer work in former colonial language, or in a vernacular? The language question was once one of the great, intractable problems that haunted postcolonial literatures in the twentieth century, but it has since acquired a reputation for being a dead end of narrow nationalism. Instead of asking whether language matters, The Tongue-Tied Imagination explores how the language question itself came to matter. Focusing on the case of Senegal, this book studies the intersection of French and Wolof. Drawing on extensive archival research and an under-studied corpus of novels, poetry, and films in both languages, the chapters follow the emergence of a politics of language from colonization into the early independence decades and through to the era of neoliberal development. Chapters explore the works of well-known francophone authors such as Léopold Senghor, Ousmane Sembène, Mariama Bâ, and Boubacar Boris Diop alongside the more overlooked vernacular artists with whom they are in dialogue. Pushing back against a prevailing view of postcolonial language debates as a terrain of nativism, this book argues for the language question as a struggle over the nature and limits of literature itself. Language debates tend to pull in two directions: first, they produce literary commensurability by suturing vernacular traditions into the normative patterns of world literature; but second, they create space to imagine how literary culture might be configured otherwise. Drawing on these insights, this book models both a new understanding of translation and a different approach to literary comparison.
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23

Jaeger, Jeri J. Kids' Slips: What Young Children's Slips of the Tongue Reveal about Language Development. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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24

Jaeger, Jeri J. Kids' Slips: What Young Children's Slips of the Tongue Reveal About Language Development. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004.

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25

Miller, Susan. Don't Get Tongue-Tied: Be Heard the First Time (Capital Ideas for Business & Personal Development). Capital Books, 2008.

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26

Recovering the lost tongue: The saga of environmental struggles in Central India. Hyderabad: Prachee Publications, 2008.

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27

Vibhāga, Nepal Kendrīya Tathyāṅka, and United Nations Population Fund, eds. Population of Nepal: Village development committees/municipalities population census 2001--selected tables on caste/ethnicity, mother tongue & religion. Kathmandu: His Majesty's Govt. of Nepal, National Planning Commission Secretariat, Central Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with UNIPA Nepal, 2002.

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28

Singh, Gurbachan. Mother tongues of linguistic minorities in multicultural Britain: A study of the development and implementation of mother-tongue/community language teaching and related educational policies with special reference to ethnic minority groups in Britain. Bradford, 1985.

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29

Willows, Gill. English through French?: Are we teaching anything in second language which is developing knowledge about language in general and therefore reinforcing the understanding of our native tongue? : is this language development linked to teaching methodology. 1996.

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30

K, Prah K., King Yvonne, and Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society., eds. In tongues: African languages and the challenges of development. Cape Town: CASAS, 1998.

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31

Grijp, Paul Van Der. Identity and Development: Tongan Culture, Agriculture, and the Perenniality of the Gift. Kitlv Press, 2004.

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32

Ota, Mitsuhiko. Prosodic Phenomena. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.5.

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Prosodic phenomena such as stress, tone, and intonation have been the focus of much developmental research as well as theoretical work in phonology. This review presents an overview of research that explores the relationship between the development of prosodic phenomena and linguistic models of phonological structure, particularly, metrical stress theory and autosegmental phonology. The review surveys what is currently known about the developmental course of stress, tone, and intonation in infants and children, introduces research that investigates the role of organizational principles of phonological structure in the acquisition of these prosodic phenomena, and discusses the evidence and arguments for this approach toward understanding phonological acquisition.
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33

Emond, Alan. Physical examination. Edited by Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0019.

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The NHS newborn and infant physical examination screening programme recommends screening of newborn babies and then once again between 6 to 8 weeks, for conditions relating to their heart, hips, eyes, and testes. The evidence supporting this recommendation is reviewed, and good practice in identifying other common physical abnormalities is described. Congenital heart disease, developmental dysplasia of the hip, congenital cataract, undescended testes, cleft lip, tongue tie, and jaundice are discussed in more detail
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34

Brinkman, Sally, and Binh Thanh Vu. Early Childhood Development in Tonga: Baseline Results from the Tongan Early Human Capability Index. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0999-6.

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35

Speaking in Tongues: Indigenous Participation in the Development of a Sui Generis Regime to Protect Traditional Knowledge in Peru. International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001.

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36

Eyre, Janet. Clinical approach to developmental neurology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0171.

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The objectives and principles of neurological history and examination in children are the same as those in adults. This chapter therefore, will not provide an all-encompassing description of the neurological assessment of children, but highlights where the approach must differ substantially from that used in adults. Further it aims to provide a practical and useful approach to the examination of children, who may be preverbal and certainly will show less stamina for cooperation than adults. Of course as children get older, the examination can become more conventional and systematized. By adolescence the examination can be the same as the adult examination.The first and overriding factor for success is to be flexible and to make observations when the opportunity arises rather than to wait for abnormalities to arise during the course of a more systematic approach. Nonetheless a systematic approach to recording these results is essential, so as to bring together related observations made disparately in time. The history is of paramount importance in guiding the examination. Since it is unlikely that you will be able to complete a full examination, it is important to prioritize the observations needed in light of a differential diagnosis before you begin examining. Rather than rushing straight into the examination it is rewarding to gain a young child’s confidence by playing briefly with them. Also, instead of insisting on examining the child on a couch, it helps to become adept at examining young children on their parent’s or caretaker’s knee. Finally, no matter how cooperative a child is, potentially disturbing investigations should be left until last, including tendon reflexes or examination of the tongue, fundi, and ears. Otherwise all subsequent cooperation from the child may be lost after these examinations.The examination room environment is the key to a successful neurological examination and requires careful thought. There should be sufficient space to accommodate families and for the children to play. The room needs to be friendly and conducive to encouraging play. It needs to be equipped with carefully selected toys, pictures, pencils and paper, and books of interest to children over a wide age range. Observation of the child’s play whilst you are taking a history from the parents or caregivers will allow assessment of the child’s motor skills and developmental stage. Their use of play material can yield important clues to the nature of a deficit, by revealing ataxia, weakness, involuntary movements, tics, or spasticity. Play also provides an opportunity to assess the child’s behaviour, for instance their impulsivity, distractibility, and attention span. Interaction of the child with parents or caregivers can be observed also. If the child participates actively in the history taking, their understanding and contribution to the session allows you to make assessments of their language and intellectual skills.
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37

Tenney, James. On the Development of the Structural Potentialities of Rhythm, Dynamics, and Timbre in the Early Nontonal Music of Arnold Schoenberg. Edited by Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker, and Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0001.

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In this essay, James Tenney discusses the development of the structural potentialities of rhythm, dynamics, and timbre in the early nontonal music of Arnold Schoenberg. Beginning with the Three Piano Pieces op. 11, and continuing through Pierrot Lunaire and the Four Songs with Orchestra opp. 21 and 22, Schoenberg developed a style that he later characterized as one based on “the emancipation of the dissonance.” His further descriptions of the developments of the period are almost exclusively in terms of harmonic innovations. Analytical writings by others have reflected this same concern with the harmonic (and, to a lesser extent, the melodic) aspects of the music. Tenney considers the twelve-tone method in music and argues that it is a partial systematization of procedures that Schoenberg had used. He hopes that his observations on rhythm, dynamics, and timbre that are articulated in this essay might later serve as the basis for a broader generalization of the basic ideas underlying twelve-tone music.
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38

Church and State in Tonga: The Wesleyan Methodist Missionaries and Political Development, 1822-1875. University of Queensland Press, 2014.

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39

Mayangnyu tongje chongchaek ui hyonhwang kwa palchon pangan =: The current situation and development plans of drug control policy in Korea (Yongu pogoso). Hanguk Hyongsa Chongchaek Yonguwon, 1992.

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40

Brinkman, Sally, Alanna Sincovich, and Binh Thanh Vu. How are Tongan Children Developing? Results from the Second National Census and Policy Recommendations for Better Child Development in Tonga. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/32256.

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41

Carnegie, Dale. How to Stop Worrying and Start Living (Personal Development). Vermilion, 2007.

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42

Pineles, Suzanne L., and Scott P. Orr. The Psychophysiology of PTSD. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0022.

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This chapter provides an overview of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related psychophysiological research. Specific foci include psychophysiological reactivity to trauma-related stimuli and loud tones, conditioned fear acquisition and extinction, fear memory reconsolidation blockade, and the potential usefulness of psychophysiological measures in predicting PTSD development, maintenance, and treatment efficacy. A detailed discussion is provided on the contribution of reduced parasympathetic tone and increased sympathetic activity to the heightened psychophysiological reactivity associated with PTSD. Reduced parasympathetic tone may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent technological advances in physiological recording are also described.
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43

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. History of Brain Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190662493.003.0001.

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The ability to diagnose brain death is linked to the ability to support catastrophic neurological injury and, thus, linked to the development of critical care. A new comatose state was noted with loss of all brainstem reflexes, absent respiratory drive, and loss of vascular tone leading to progressive hypotension and cardiac arrest. This chapter describes the evolution of thought and refinement of brain death criteria in the United States, from the Harvard criteria in 1968 to the American Academy of Neurology practice guidelines in 2010 and more recent pediatric guidelines.
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44

Zhongguo jing ji fa zhan di guan jian shi ke: Dong xin zen ma ban (Zhongguo ji liang). Xin hua shu dian jing xiao, 1998.

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45

Lim, Lisa. Southeast Asia. Edited by Markku Filppula, Juhani Klemola, and Devyani Sharma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199777716.013.28.

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This chapter provides an areal profile of Englishes in Southeast Asia (SEA), focusing on the three core Outer Circle varieties, namely Singapore English, Malaysian English, and Philippine English, outlining the historical and sociolinguistic contexts for their evolution, and highlighting substrate influence in the contact dynamics of their multilingual ecologies. Common features of phonology and grammar, and particles and mixed codes are illustrated. The article also goes beyond the three core SEA Englishes to consider (i) the situations of the other SEA countries, considered in the Expanding Circle, but where English is spreading more widely and swiftly than before; (ii) the feature of tone, so far only documented in SgE, but, given SEA’s tone-language ecologies, with the potential of becoming a feature characteristic of the region; and (iii) current social and economic developments in SEA which have implications for the social fabric, the ecology, and the evolving varieties of English.
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46

Tutino, Stefania. The Genesis of Probabilism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694098.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the genesis of probabilism, and it sets the historical and theoretical tone for the development of this doctrine. It examines two theologians in particular: the theologian and canon law scholar Martín de Azpilcueta (better known as Doctor Navarrus) and the Dominican theologian Bartolomé de Medina. Both of them engaged profoundly with uncertainty in their commentaries on moral theology and law, as well as in their hugely influential manuals for confessors. Whereas the former provided a crucial elaboration on the nature and significance of moral uncertainty, the latter identified and articulated uncertainty as an epistemological, not simply moral, category.
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47

Gale, Monica R. ‘te sociam, Ratio…’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789017.003.0004.

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This chapter investigates Grattius’ close engagement with his Roman didactic predecessors, especially Lucretius and Virgil’s Georgics, to explore the poet’s use of hunting as both metaphor for intellectual enquiry and emblem of cultural development and civilization. Grattius, it is argued, takes on Lucretius’ confidence and authority and reconfigures it to suit the celebratory tone and rhetoric of religious revival prevalent in the age of Augustus: in contrast to both Lucretius and Virgil, the poet offers an optimistic vision of both cultural progress and the contemporary world, in which expertise and toil, underpinned by the benevolence of the gods, yield fine rewards.
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48

Raghavan, Srinath. At the Cusp of Transformation. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.9.

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This chapter examines Indian foreign policy under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–89). It argues that during these years, Indian foreign policy was significantly reoriented. Gandhi made important moves to recast India’s relations with the United States and China. Although no major breakthroughs were achieved, his engagement with them set the tone and pattern for the approach and policy of all subsequent governments. In India’s own neighbourhood, his policies had a more activist edge. But the outcomes were mixed. Perhaps the most fundamental shift in foreign policy was Gandhi’s recognition that India’s modernization and economic development required greater and more adroit engagement with the world and that foreign policy had to be geared towards securing these objectives.
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49

Oliveira, Richard Fernandes de, and Iran Ferreira de Melo. Leitura crítica: Por uma escola que se posiciona. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-085-4.

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With this work, we aim to propose a didactic application of the news genre, from the perspective of critical reading practices in Portuguese language teaching, to approach the experiences of dissident gender and sexuality people who are being viewed and represented by the media hegemonic in Brazil. Therefore, we offer teachers 5 texts and 10 activities that can be used for the development of a didactic project that articulates several areas of knowledge and that is also built from an educational vision that dialogues reading, criticism , teaching, learning, assessment and self-assessment. In this sense, due to the theme we are dealing with, we assume a political-epistemological tone combating gender and sexual violence, with education being our battlefield.
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50

Docker rong qi yu rong qi yun. 2015.

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