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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tonina'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Ribeiro, Amanda Aparecida [UNIFESP]. "Caracterização do sistema renina angiotensina no rim e coração do camundongo transgênico que expressa tonina de rato." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9176.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A angiotensina II (Ang II), um dos mais relevantes peptídeos angiotensinérgicos, tem um importante papel na fisiologia e na fisiopatologia dos tecidos renal e cardíaco. Existem diversas enzimas capazes de gerar Ang II. Uma delas é a tonina, capaz de formar a Ang II a partir da angiotensina I (Ang I) ou diretamente do AGT. Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar o RAS no rim e no coração do camundongo transgênico que expressa tonina de rato (TGM(rTon)). Foram utilizados camundongos machos C57bl/6 (grupo controle, CT) e camundongos transgênicos [TGM(rTon)]. Vinte e quatro horas após o implante de cânulas, animais acordados, com 12 semanas de idade, foram submetidos a procedimentos de avaliação hemodinâmica. Os dados mostraram que não existem diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos quanto aos parâmetros hemodinâmicos. Após determinação da pressão arterial, os camundongos foram sacrificados por decapitação e os órgãos (rim e coração) foram retirados. O coração foi dividido em átrios (AT) [direito + esquerdo], ventrículo direito (VD) e ventrículo esquerdo (VE). Usando o tetradecapeptídeo sintético como substrato, a atividade tonina foi avaliada nos rins e nas estruturas cardíacas. A atividade da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) foi determinada usando os substratos ZPhe-His-Leu (específico para o domínio N da ECA) e Hip-His-Leu (específico para o domínio C). Tanto a atividade da tonina, quanto da ECA nos rins e no AT foram significantemente maiores no grupo TGM(rTon) quando comparado ao dos camundongos CT. Já entre as estruturas cardíacas o AT mostrou atividade significantemente maior em ambos os grupos, quando comparados aos ventrículos. A expressão da isoforma de 65 kDa da ECA foi significantemente maior no grupo TGM(rTon) nos rins e no AT. Apenas no rim foi analisada a expressão de ECA e não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos. As concentrações da angiotensina 1-7 [Ang-(1-7)] e da Ang I foram significantemente diminuídas no grupo TGM(rTon) quando comparadas ao CT. Entretanto, não foi observada diferença estatística nos níveis da Ang II entre os grupos. Sugerimos que o ambiente com abundância em tonina pode aumentar a atividade N-domínio da ECA por meio de uma secretase, explicando os baixos níveis da Ang-(1-7) encontrados no grupo transgênicoPela primeira vez foi mostrado um importante papel fisiológico da tonina comomodulador do SRA renal e cardíaco.
Angiotensin II (Ang II), one of the most relevant angiotensinergic peptides, has an important role in the renal and cardiac physiology. There are many enzymes that generate Ang II. One of them is tonin, that is able to liberate AII from angiotensin I (Ang I) or directly from angiotensinogen (AGT). Our goal was to characterize the RAS in the kidney and heart of transgenic mouse that express rat tonin [TGM(rTon)]. Twenty-four hours after implantation of cannulas, 12 weeks old awake animals were subjected to hemodynamic evaluation. Data showed no statistical differences for the hemodynamic parameters analyzed between transgenic and the wild-type (control, CT). After that mice were sacrificed by decapitation and their organs (kidney and heart) removed. Heart was separated into atria [right plus left (AT)], right ventricle (RV), and left ventricle (LV)]. Using the synthetic tetradecapeptide renin substrate, tonin activity was evaluated in the kidney and cardiac structures. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was determined using the substrates Z-Phe- His-Leu (specific for N-domain ACE active site) and Hip-His-Leu (specific for Cdomain active site). Both the activity of tonin and the ACE, in the kidneys and AT were significantly higher in TGM(rTon) when compared with CT mice. Among the cardiac structures AT showed significantly greater activity in both groups when compared to the ventricles.The expression of the 65 kDa ACE isoform was significantly higher in TGM(rTon) in the kidney and AT when compared with CT. ACE2 expression was determined only in the kidney and there was not statistic differences between groups. The levels of angiotensin 1- 7 [Ang-(1-7)] and Ang I was significantly decreased in TGM(rTon) when compared with CT. However, the levels of Ang II were not statistically different between groups. We suggest that the environment of tonin abundance may increase N-domain ACE activity by a secretase activity, which could explain the low levels of Ang-(1-7) in the transgenic animal. Our data show, for the first time, the physiologic role of tonin as an important modulator of renal and cardiac RAS.
FAPESP: 2009/03261-04
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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2

Stewart, Daniel Moroni. "Parentage Statements and Paired Stelae: Signs of Dynastic Succession for the Classic Maya." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1588.

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The purpose of this thesis is to describe and document parentage statements and paired stela found on Maya monuments or portable objects. While the existence of parentage statements, within the Maya text, has been known since the late 1970s, no thesis or major research project has ever been published pertaining to this class of glyphs within the Maya script. In 1977 Christopher Jones is credited with the discovery of parentage statements in Maya hieroglyphic texts (Jones 1977). His discovery was followed by a detailed analysis of parentage statements by Floyd Lounsbury, Peter Mathews, and Linda Schele (1977). They introduced most of the known parentage statements and detailed their use in the hieroglyphic texts. While their work, which introduced parentage statements, in general, is cited regularly as the all-encompassing source of information about parentage statements, it remains unpublished. This thesis provides a source for all new and previous work done on parentage statements and insight into possibly why parentage statements were used by the Classic Maya. An analysis of 253 archaeological sites containing a total of 2473 glyphic monuments was conducted as part of this thesis. Justin Kerr's online vase and photo collections were also checked for parentage statements on portable objects and ceramic vessels. Parentage statements were found on 225 monuments and 70 portable objects bringing the total to 295 different monuments with parentage statements. Each parentage statement is identified and transcribed phonetically. The usage of each parentage statement and its variants are then mapped through time. Also introduced in this thesis is the death of a parent glyph commonly known as the Winged Capped Ajaw Death Phrase. An analysis of its usage demonstrates that it refers to the death of a parent. Paired stelae were analyzed as another possible form of parentage statements. This thesis tests three hypotheses on why parentage statements were used. They included ancestor worship, political legitimacy, and heir designation. The weaknesses and strengths of each hypothesis are demonstrated through case studies. Lastly, the appendices include source material for each site and monument researched as part of this thesis.
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3

Brown, Pulu Teena Joanne. "Kakai Tonga 'i 'Okalani, Nu'u Sila = Tongan generations in Auckland, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2584.

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This thesis is written in the format of a three act play. The author has elected this structure to frame the ethnographic data and analysis because it seemed befitting for telling my own life story alongside the memories of three generations of my matrilateral and patrilateral Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand. Thus, actors and scenes play out the thesis storyline in three parts where each act is titled Prologue, Dialogue and Epilogue. The Prologue, part one of this three act play, is three chapters which sets in motion the main actors - the research participants, and the scenes - the ethnographic context in which data was collected. It represents an ethnographic mosaic of memory and meaning as co-constructed by actors in recounting how they make sense of their place, their time, in a transnational history, that is, a family of stories among three Tongan generations residing largely in Auckland New Zealand. The Dialogue, part two of this three act play, is four chapters which maps out the theoretical and ethnographic territory that actors and scenes border-cross to visit. By this, I mean that research participants are political actors subject to social factors which shape how their memories and ensuing meanings are selectively reproduced in certain contexts of retelling the past and its relevance to understanding the present. The Epilogue, part three of this three act play, is the curtain call for the closing chapter. It presents an ending in which a new 'identity' entry made by the youngest Tongan generation creates possibilities for social change not yet experienced by prior generations residing in Auckland New Zealand. This thesis is woven into an overarching argument. Here, three generations of my matrilateral and patrilateral Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand intersect through two modes of memory and meaning. First, family reconstruct collective memories of 'identity' and 'culture' to make sense of how their ancestral origin, their historical past, is meaningful in their transnational lives and lifestyles. Second, inter-generational change among Tongan family residing in Auckland New Zealand is a social-political product of the transnational condition experienced by ethnic-cultural groups categorised as 'minorities' in the developed world.
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4

Silva, Barbara Henning. "Ecologia alimentar da toninha Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-23042012-143550/.

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Originalmente, a teoria de nicho ecológico fundamenta-se em indivíduos de uma espécie sendo ecologicamente equivalentes por utilizarem os recursos de forma similar. Portanto, o nicho de uma espécie é definido em termos do uso médio de recursos. Porém, a qualidade e abundância de recursos consumidos, sexo, idade ou morfotipo do consumidor influenciam o comportamento alimentar individual. Estudos recentes sobre forrageamento ótimo tem foco de interesse na variação interindividual no uso de recursos. Ao longo da sua área de distribuição são reconhecidas populações da toninha Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea) e no litoral paulista, possivelmente hajam três subpopulações dessa espécie: norte, centro e sul. Meu primeiro objetivo foi investigar se há variação na dieta entre essas três subpopulações de toninha. Adicionalmente, investiguei quais fatores entre sazonalidade, sexo e idade dos indivíduos poderiam estruturar a dieta em uma dessas subpopulações (central). Utilizei 58 indivíduos provenientes de captura acidental no litoral paulista, com representantes das regiões norte, centro e sul. A amostra incluiu juvenis e adultos de ambos os sexos, capturados em todas as estações do ano. Identifiquei as espécies nos conteúdos estomacais usando os otólitos de peixes e os bicos de lulas. Estimei o tamanho das presas utilizando regressões com as medidas dessas estruturas e investiguei a estruturação da dieta usando um índice de variação da dieta. Houve uma clara variação na dieta ente as subpopulações paulistas, possivelmente devido à diferença espacial na disponibilidade de presas. Para a subpopulação central não houve variação na dieta decorrente da sazonalidade ou do sexo. A ausência de variação sazonal pode ser devido à pouca alteração na abundância da principal presa, P. harroweri, no ambiente ao longo do ano. A ausência de variação decorrente do sexo pode ser devido a seleção de presa estar mais relacionada a características de corpo mole e fácil digestão e não ao tamanho da presa, sendo essa seleção comum para ambos os sexos. Indivíduos de idades diferentes possuem dietas distintas, com juvenis consumindo mais espécies que os adultos. Essa mudança de nicho alimentar pode ser devida ao período de aprendizado. Finalmente, mesmo descontando os efeitos da disponibilidade temporal e espacial de presas, do sexo e da idade, houve variação interindividual da dieta na subpopulação central. Somente estudos com marcadores isotópicos poderão investigar se essa variação é devida à especialização individual em toninhas
Ecological niche theory is originally based on the assumption that individuals of a species use similar resources and therefore are ecologically equivalents. Under this framework, the niche of the species can be defined in terms of average resource use. However, factors such as quality and quantity of prey resources in the environment, consumer gender, age or morphotype may influence the individual feeding behavior. Considering that possible interindividual variation, recently studies under optimal foraging theory have variation among individuals as a focus of interest. The species P. blainvillei is partionated in populations along its range and probably, subpopulations can be found in the Sao Paulo state coast: northern, central and southern. Hence, my first goal was to investigate if there is diet variation among the three franciscana subpopulations from Sao Paulo coast. Additionally, I searched for which factors would be the diet structure defined within one of the subpopulations (the central one). I have considered the seasonality, individual gender and sex as possible factors influencing the diet structure within the central subpopulation. I had 58 franciscana specimens obtained from bycatch in the Sao Paulo coast, being them from northern, central and southern regions. They were juveniles and adults of both genders and bycaught in all the seasons. I identified the prey species from the gut contents with fish otholits and squid beaks. I estimated prey length and weight using regressions with that structures measures and I investigated the diet structure using a diet variation index. Within the central subpopulation I found no diet variation based on seasonality or individual gender, instead I found diet variation for individuals from different ages. Probably, most of the diet variation among subpopulations is due to prey availability spatial difference. The lack of diet variation based on seasonality may be due to little seasonal variation in the abundance of the main prey, P. harroweri. The lack of variation due to gender is probably related to the prey selection on soft body and easy digestion instead of prey size, being this type of selection common for both genders. Juveniles franciscana preyed on more species than the adults and that niche shift as an age effect can be consequence of forraging skills development. Enclosing, even discarding the effects of the spacial and temporal prey availability, individual gender and age, I found interindividual-level diet variation within the central subpopulation, which can points out to franciscana individual specialization, but isotopic studies are required to infer that specialization
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5

Otsuka, Yuko. "Ergativity in Tongan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326946.

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6

Santos, Elenara Verás dos. "Estrutura populacional e história filogeográfica da toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5429.

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Franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is the only extant representative of the Pontoporiidae family. This species occurs along the Atlantic coast of South America from Itaunas, Espirito Santo in Brazil to Golfo Nuevo, Valdes Peninsula in Argentina. The most important threat to the species is the accidental by-catch that in some places reached the number of 1000 related events per year. In recent years an increasingly number of studies had revealed the existence of considerable genetic variation along the geographical distribution of P. blainvillei. In this study, looking to collaborate towards a better comprehension of such existing structure, we analyzed new molecular data, including the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA control region and 11 microsatellite loci from 253 individuals along the Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentine coast. For the mitochondrial DNA analysis, we added sequences previously deposited in GenBank, totalizing 512 sequences. Results obtained based on the two molecular markers revealed a clear differentiation of the species in three main groups: (1) Rio de Janeiro / Espirito Santo, (2) Sao Paulo and north of Santa Catarina, and (3) south of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay and Argentina. The study also shows alarming estimates in reference to the effective size of some populations, mainly from Rio de Janeiro/Espirito Santo which will probably reflect on its conservation status. These results supports the definition of the four management areas (Franciscana Management Area - FMAs) previously suggested by Secchi and associates in 2003, and point out the importance of this definition to the conservation of the genetic diversity of the species.
A toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei é o único representante atual da família de odontocetáceos Pontoporiidae. Esta espécie ocorre ao longo da costa atlântica da América do Sul, entre Itaúnas, Espírito Santo e o Golfo Nuevo, Península Valdés, Argentina. A principal ameaça à espécie são as capturas acidentais em redes de pesca, que em algumas localidades chegaram a atingir o número de 1000 capturas anuais. Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de estudos tem revelado a existência de variações genéticas consideráveis ao longo da distribuição geográfica de P. blainvillei. Visando colaborar para uma melhor compreensão dessa estruturação existente, novas informações moleculares foram analisadas, incluindo o sequenciamento da região controladora do DNA mitocondrial e 11 loci de microssatélites de 253 indivíduos ao longo da costa brasileira, uruguaia e argentina. Para as análises do DNA mitocondrial foram incluidas sequências previamente depositadas no GenBank, totalizando 512 sequências. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos dois marcadores moleculares revelam uma clara diferenciação da espécie em três grupos principais: 1) Rio de Janeiro/Espírito Santo, 2) São Paulo/Paraná e norte de Santa Catarina, e 3) Sul de Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguai e Argentina. O estudo também apontou estimativas preocupantes no que se refere ao tamanho efetivo de algumas populações, em especial à do Rio de Janeiro/Espirito Santo e consequentemente ao seu status de conservação. Os resultados corroboram a definição das quatro áreas de manejo (Franciscana Management Areas – FMAs) previamente sugeridas por Secchi e colaboradores em 2003, e ressaltam a importância desta definição para a Conservação da diversidade genética da espécie.
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7

Hogan, Robert E. "Aspects of tonic accommodation and tonic vergence." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14586/.

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Under conditions of reduced visual stimulation, the systems of accommodation and vergence tend towards physiological resting states that are intermediate within their functional range. The terms tonic accommodation (TA) and tonic vergence (TV) are used in the study to describe these stimulus-free, intermediate adjustments and to represent the systems as being in a state of innervational tonicity. The literature relating to TA and TV and the various experiments of this thesis are reviewed. Methodology has been developed enabling the determination of TA and TV under conditions of total darknessl laser optometry for TA and ~ernier-alignment for TV. The thesis describes a series of experiments designed to investigate various aspects of TA and TV, and their role in ametropia, binocular vision and their adaptation to sustained visual tasks. Measurements of TA were also utilised to investigate the effect of various autonomic effector drugs on the ciliary muscle. The effects of ethanol on binocular function are shown to be directly proportional to the .initial level of TVJ which is itself unaffected. These results support the concept of TV as the reference point for normal vergence responses. The results of the pharmacological investigations indicate the presence of a small but significant, beta-receptor mediated inhibitory sympathetic input to the ciliary muscle, and that the wide distribution in TA is a consequence of inter-observer variations in parasympathetic, rather than sympathetic tone. Following interaction with visual tasks of t5mins duration, the levels of TA and TV are found to be biased in the direction of, and proportional to, the task position: except during near-task viewing where the task-to-TA stimulus-distance exceeds 1.5D (for TA) and 3.5deg (for TV). Under these conditions the expected level of bias is attenuated, Adaptive models are discussed, proposing TA and TV as the reference points of the accommodative and vergence system.
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8

Correa, Guilherme Laizola Frainer. "O desenvolvimento do biosonar da toninha, PONTOPORIA BLAINVILLEI (ODONTOCETI: PONTOPORIIDAE)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/84941.

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Pontoporia blainvillei é o golfinho mais ameaçado do oceano Atlântico sul ocidental devido à intensa mortalidade acidental durante atividades pesqueiras. A alta taxa de captura de indivíduos com menos de três anos de idade sugere a imaturidade funcional no uso da ecolocalização. Neste trabalho é utilizado o diagnóstico por imagem a partir de tomografias computadorizadas (n=2) e ressonâncias magnéticas (n=3), bem como dissecações de cabeças frescas (n=4) obtidas a partir de animais acidentalmente capturados em redes de pesca, para investigar as mudanças ontogenéticas das estruturas envolvidas na produção e recepção de ondas sonoras para o comportamento de ecolocalização. Ainda, uma análise comparativa de uma série ontogenética de 69 sincrânios foi realizada para elucidar uma relação entre osteologia e as estruturas moles do biosonar (musculatura facial, passagem nasal e gorduras especializadas), bem como descrever as transformações da mandíbula ao longo do desenvolvimento. A tomografia computadorizada fornece uma sequência de cortes (slices) com 1 mm de espessura nos planos sagital, coronal e axial, sendo cada pixel de qualquer plano interligado nos três planos. Assim, com o auxílio do programa Materialise © Mimics torna-se possível a manipulação e quantificação (volume, superfície e densidade) das estruturas analisadas em ambiente tridimensional (3D). Os indivíduos analisados revelaram a alta variabilidade morfológica que as toninhas apresentam na forma do biosonar ao longo da ontogenia, e as distintas taxas de desenvolvimento entre estruturas de mesmo aparato funcional (aparato produtor e receptor de sons de alta frequência). A formação da Bursae cantantes e do osso maxilar, por exemplo, apresentam distintas taxas de desenvolvimento em sua forma e são importantes estruturas para a funcionalidade do aparato produtor do som. O complexo timpano-periótico representa a estrutura que se desenvolve mais precocemente; ao contrário da mandíbula, que até a fase adulta apresenta sinais de não maturação da estrutura. À luz da vasto conhecimento a respeito da história de vida da espécie ao longo de sua distribuição, como a biologia alimentar e reprodutiva, são discutidos não só para relacionar as modificações do biosonar com a crescente capacidade de explorar a diversidade de presas no ambiente ao longo da ontogenia, mas como a ontogenia pode interferir no sucesso adaptativo da espécie visto sua história evolutiva. O conhecimento das modificações na ontogenia do biosonar em Pontoporia blainvillei pode ajudar na compreensão das limitações do seu uso por indivíduos imaturos e gerar subsídios para a conservação da espécie.
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Santos, Elenara Ver?s dos. "Estrutura populacional e hist?ria filogeogr?fica da toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/224.

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Franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is the only extant representative of the Pontoporiidae family. This species occurs along the Atlantic coast of South America from Itaunas, Espirito Santo in Brazil to Golfo Nuevo, Valdes Peninsula in Argentina. The most important threat to the species is the accidental by-catch that in some places reached the number of 1000 related events per year. In recent years an increasingly number of studies had revealed the existence of considerable genetic variation along the geographical distribution of P. blainvillei. In this study, looking to collaborate towards a better comprehension of such existing structure, we analyzed new molecular data, including the sequencing of mitochondrial DNA control region and 11 microsatellite loci from 253 individuals along the Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentine coast. For the mitochondrial DNA analysis, we added sequences previously deposited in GenBank, totalizing 512 sequences. Results obtained based on the two molecular markers revealed a clear differentiation of the species in three main groups: (1) Rio de Janeiro / Espirito Santo, (2) Sao Paulo and north of Santa Catarina, and (3) south of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay and Argentina. The study also shows alarming estimates in reference to the effective size of some populations, mainly from Rio de Janeiro/Espirito Santo which will probably reflect on its conservation status. These results supports the definition of the four management areas (Franciscana Management Area - FMAs) previously suggested by Secchi and associates in 2003, and point out the importance of this definition to the conservation of the genetic diversity of the species.
A toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei ? o ?nico representante atual da fam?lia de odontocet?ceos Pontoporiidae. Esta esp?cie ocorre ao longo da costa atl?ntica da Am?rica do Sul, entre Ita?nas, Esp?rito Santo e o Golfo Nuevo, Pen?nsula Vald?s, Argentina. A principal amea?a ? esp?cie s?o as capturas acidentais em redes de pesca, que em algumas localidades chegaram a atingir o n?mero de 1000 capturas anuais. Nos ?ltimos anos, um n?mero crescente de estudos tem revelado a exist?ncia de varia??es gen?ticas consider?veis ao longo da distribui??o geogr?fica de P. blainvillei. Visando colaborar para uma melhor compreens?o dessa estrutura??o existente, novas informa??es moleculares foram analisadas, incluindo o sequenciamento da regi?o controladora do DNA mitocondrial e 11 loci de microssat?lites de 253 indiv?duos ao longo da costa brasileira, uruguaia e argentina. Para as an?lises do DNA mitocondrial foram incluidas sequ?ncias previamente depositadas no GenBank, totalizando 512 sequ?ncias. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos dois marcadores moleculares revelam uma clara diferencia??o da esp?cie em tr?s grupos principais: 1) Rio de Janeiro/Esp?rito Santo, 2) S?o Paulo/Paran? e norte de Santa Catarina, e 3) Sul de Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguai e Argentina. O estudo tamb?m apontou estimativas preocupantes no que se refere ao tamanho efetivo de algumas popula??es, em especial ? do Rio de Janeiro/Espirito Santo e consequentemente ao seu status de conserva??o. Os resultados corroboram a defini??o das quatro ?reas de manejo (Franciscana Management Areas FMAs) previamente sugeridas por Secchi e colaboradores em 2003, e ressaltam a import?ncia desta defini??o para a Conserva??o da diversidade gen?tica da esp?cie.
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10

Dahlström, Joakim. "Trumstämning : Spänningen bakom tonala trummor." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för musik och bild (MB), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44062.

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I detta arbete har jag undersökt hur man kan stämma trumsetets trummor på olika sätt, med störst vikt på pukornas tonalitet. Jag har undersökt, genom inspelningstester, vad det är som avgör om trummorna blir välljudande i olika musikaliska sammanhang. Jag har genomfört inspelningstester i studio, som representerar de olika typer avstämningssätt och undersökt dessa i fyra olika genrer. De olika stämningssätten har i sintur varierande toner, intervallförhållanden och resonanstider (den tid det tar för trumman att ringa klart). Detta för att kunna jämföra de olika stämningssätten. Jag kom fram tillen metod, vilket jag har stöpt i en mall som visar hur jag kunnat stämma de olikatrummorna i specifika toner och resonanstider. Jag har även kommit fram till, genom jämförelser, en utgångspunkt eller ett tankesätt, att medvetet kunna välja stämningssättsom i teorin skulle passa till musiken i fråga. Det skall vara möjligt att, efter ha lästdenna text, kunna tillämpa informationen och på egen hand få kontroll på kommandetruminspelningar gällande trummornas klang i förhållande till musiken. Undersökningen lyfter även fram den problematik och påverkande parametrar somberör trummans klang samt hur man kan påverka detta med trumstämning i studiomiljö.
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11

Reindorf, Tonia Verena [Verfasser]. "Kommunale Steuern und Abgaben vor dem Unionsrecht / Tonia Verena Reindorf." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163025291/34.

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12

Walker, Michaelagh Teresa. "The life and works of Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna (1790-1846)." Thesis, University of Kent, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432817.

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13

Banov, Debra Taylor. "Transcription and Translation of Annuae 1626-1645, from the Jesuit Annual Letters in Tonkin Vietnam." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5464.

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This project consists of a transcription and translation of the Annuae 1626-1645, written by an unidentified Jesuit missionary in Tonkin (Vietnam). The document appears to have been used as a source text for António Cardim's book Batalhas da Companhia de Jesus, and, as a result, there are many similarities between the two works. Despite these similarities, the Annuae contains new and insightful information on the state of the Tonkin mission as well as an interesting outsider's perspective on Vietnamese politics in the early 17th century.
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14

Beach, Shannon Elizabeth. "Shipping and nitrogen toning effects on postharvest shelf life of vegetative annuals." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4340.

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Vegetative annuals are currently popular in the ornamental horticulture industry. Many crops are newly domesticated species and little is known about how they perform during shipping or in the retail environment. Nine species and 21 cultivars were grown and underwent simulated shipping after harvest or nitrogen toning two weeks before harvest. Shipping was not found to affect the number of flowers on all but two cultivars post ship. Nitrogen toning affected vegetative growth of most Bracteantha bracteata (bracteantha) cultivars at harvest. All species had an effect due to toning postharvest. Bractenatha and Diascia ×hybrida (diascia) were chosen for further study due to their performance during these experiments. The effect of thidiazuron (TDZ) as a foliar spray and nitrogen toning on leaf yellowing and plant growth of bracteantha were evaluated. The two treatments were then combined to see how the two treatments worked together. It was found TDZ decreased leaf yellowing but its effects can be negated if the plants were not toned. Nitrogen toning reduced vegetative growth of the bracteantha without affecting the number of flowers on the plants. Diascia was found to have flower abscission in response to shipping. Further trials were conducted using 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) an ethylene inhibitor. The effects of shipping duration and temperature were investigated. 1-MCP was found to hold flowers on treated plants longer postharvest than those not treated. Plants shipped for one day had no differences from the control but shipping for two days had a negative effect on plant quality. Postharvest shelf life was decreased when diascia was shipped at 24 °C when compared to cooler shipping temperatures. These results indicate shipping for no longer than one day and at less than 24 °C is recommended for diascia.
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15

Loron, Corentin. "Biodiversity of Organic-Walled Eukaryotic Microfossils from the Tonian Visingsö Group, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297158.

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The diversification of unicellular, auto- and heterotrophic protists and the appearance of multicellular microorganisms is recorded in numerous Tonian age successions worldwide, including the Visingsö Group in southern Sweden. The Tonian Period (1000-720 Ma) was a time of changes in the marine environments with increasing oxygenation and a high input of mineral nutrients from the weathering continental margins to shallow shelves, where marine life thrived. This is well documented by the elevated level of biodiversity seen in global microfossil record. The Visingsö Group contains a taxonomically rich assemblage of cyanobacteria, stromatolites, algal phytoplankton, and vase-shaped microfossils. A new study of organic-walled, phytoplanktic microfossils, which are extracted by palynological method from the Visingsö 1 borehole samples, reveals the presence of morphologically disparate taxa. They are in gross cysts of microalgae (Pterospermopsimorpha, Pterospermella, Cerebrosphaera, Trachysphaeridium, Simia and certain Leiosphaeridia with pylome) and some are of uncertain affinities (acritarchs). Representative taxa of two lineages among green algae, Prasinophyceae and Chlorophyceae, are recognized. Cyanobacterial clusters and filaments are abundant and specimens of multicellular, yet systematically unrecognized taxa are recorded. Taxonomically, the assemblage is similar to some from other successions distributed along the margins of Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia in the Tonian Period. The ecological habitats of those organisms are inferred by comparing with their potential modern analogues and from the sedimentological setting of the upper formation of the Visingsö Group.
Denna studie handlar om biodiversiteten och den biologiska affiniteten av mikrofossil från den neoproterozoiska eran, tonianperioden (1000-720 Ma). De har extraherats från övre formationen av Visingsögruppen i södra Sverige.Mikrofossilen har organiska cellväggar, är encelliga och har förmodats representera algcystor (resistenta reproduktiva strukturer), cyanobakterier, och andra organismer av okänd tillhörighet. Neoproterozoikum har den högsta graden av biologisk diversitet under prekambrium. Det är därför viktigt att studera diversiteten för att förstå utvecklingen av biosfären under denna period i samband med utvecklingen av miljöer. Den studerade samlingen härrör från ett borrhål på Visingsö i Vättern, och visar på större diversitet än från tidigare studier.Denna nya studie syftar till att bestämma biodiversiteten i den övre formationen av Visingsögruppen och att känna igen affiniteten av mikrofossilen med organiska väggar och deras ekologi. Vissa av de undersökta mikrofossilen hör sannolikt till grönalgerna. Kluster och fiber av cyanobakterier är rikligt förekommande, och några prover är ej biologiskt igenkännbara. Med hjälp av moderna analoger och sedimentologiska data är ekologin hos dessa mikrofossil utläs
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16

Ninh, Thi Sinh. "Le mouvement de rénovation bouddhique au Tonkin : le cas de l’Association bouddhique du Tonkin (1934-1945)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3077.

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Dans le contexte colonial, le bouddhisme était dans une situation critique. Du sud au nord, les appels des moines et des laïcs se font entendre en faveur d'une réforme en profondeur, comme le montre la voie de la rénovation bouddhique dans d'autres pays asiatiques, notamment en Chine. Fondée le 6 novembre 1934 par décision du Résident supérieur du Tonkin, l’Association bouddhique du Tonkin réunit autour de son projet un grand nombre de personnes, issues de classes sociales très différentes, afin d’œuvrer à la rénovation bouddhique. Ceci à destinations des fidèles comme des religieux avec l'objectif de rendre le bouddhisme conforme à sa doctrine, et en même temps adapté à la société dans laquelle ils vivent. En bénéficiant de nouveaux facteurs dans la vie culturelle et intellectuelle, l’Association bouddhique possède des outils modernes pour une meilleure compréhension et une diffusion plus large vers le public. Elle édite des livres et une revue, Đuốc Tuệ considérée comme son moyen privilégié pour guider les fidèles dans leur pratique quotidienne du bouddhisme dans un monde moderne. Le bouddhisme d’engagement social promu par l'association, démontre que la pratique du bouddhisme ne signifie pas seulement de prières, d’aller à la pagode et faire des offrandes. Le bouddhiste moderne c’est celui qui s’engage dans la société de son temps à travers des actions concrètes en respectant les valeurs morales bouddhiques. Par son influence dans la société, l’Association bouddhique est une version moderniste dans le domaine religieux, ce qui contribue à construire le bouddhisme moderne au Vietnam avec un nouveau visage et un nouvel esprit, l’esprit d’engagement social
In the colonial context, Buddhism was in a critical situation. From north to south, under the influence of the movement to revive Buddhism in other Asian countries, especially in China, monks and lay people called for an extensive reformation. Founded on November 6 1934 by the decision of the governor of the Tonkin, the Tonkin Buddhist Association brought together a large number of members, from many different social classes to carry out the Buddhist revival and to address to two subjects, believers and monks, with the aim of bringing Buddhism as a religious consistent with its doctrine and the society in which they live. Inheriting the new factors in the cultural and intellectual lives, including the adoption of quốc ngữ, and the development of the press and publishing, Buddhist Association had the modern tools to explain and spread widely Buddhist teachings for better understanding to the public. It published books and magazine, Đuốc Tuệ (Flambeau de la Spiritualité), in the national language, considered as its preferred way to guide buddhism believers in their daily practice in the modern world. Social engagement of Buddhism promoted by the association, meant that the practice of Buddhism was that the modern Buddhists not only prayed, went to the temples, and offered, but also had to engage to their living society, through practical actions in accordance with the Buddhist moral values. Thanks to its influence of the society, the Tonkin Buddhist Association was a unique symbol of the innovation in the religious field, which contributed to building of the modern Buddhism in Vietnam with a new face and a new spirit, the spirit of social engagement
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17

Cross, Thomas C. (Thomas Clinton). "The Life and Works of Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna: Anglican Evangelical Progressive." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278033/.

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Among the British evangelicals of her day, Charlotte Elizabeth Browne Phelan Tonna was one of the most popular. She was an Anglican Evangelical Progressive who through her works of fiction, poetry, tracts, travel accounts, and essays dealing with theology, politics and social criticism convinced fellow evangelicals to get actively involved in the issues that concerned her.
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18

Stevens, Charles John 1950. "The political ecology of a Tongan village." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290684.

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This dissertation presents a political ecological case study of a Tongan village. Political ecology includes the methodological approaches of cultural ecology, concerned with understanding human/resource relations, and political economy, concerned with the historical examination of the political and social organization of production and power. The ethnography of political ecology is primarily interested in understanding how certain people use specific environmental resources in culturally prescribed and historically derive ways. With this in mind, the research provides an historical and ethnographic account of a diversified, local economic system characterized by a highly productive but depreciating smallholder agriculture once regenerative and sustainable. The smallholders in the Kingdom of Tonga are imperfectly articulated with market systems and rely on agricultural production for a significant proportion of household consumption and ceremonialized obligations to kin, and community. The dissertation presents an historical account of the political economic changes in Tonga beginning in the nineteenth century and culminating in recent alteration of traditional farming techniques and the loss of economic self-sufficiency and agricultural sustainability.
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19

Ong, Lorraine Grace G. "Mu-Tonics: in search of mutable tectonics." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22699.

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20

Callies, de Salies Bruno. "Le protectorat francais du tonkin (1884-1896)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30006.

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Cette periode de la fin du 19e siecle correspond a la creation de ce que certains appellent "le second empire colonial francaise". Certes, dans ce prodigieux mouvement d'exploration entrepris par les pays d'europe pour decouvrir de nouvelles terres et surtout de nouveaux marches, la peninsule indochinoise et le tonkin ont un role limite. Dans cette region du sud-est asiatique, anglais et francais luttent pour etendre leur domination afin de s'assurer des bases solides pour conquerir les hypothetiques marches de la chine meridionale. Partie des indes, l'angleterre s'etend vers la birmanie et "conseille" le siam, royaume puissant et peuple. La france, implantee en cochinchine depuis le second empire, espere etendre son influence sur l'empire d'annam et surtout sur le delta du fleuve rouge, apres l'exploration de doudart de lagree, qui montre que le mekong n'est pas la voie de penetration qui mene vers la chine. En 1883, la mort du commandant riviere au tonkin declenche le processus de conquete et de pacification. Malgre de multiples changements de ministeres, de gouverneurs generaux, de grands administrateurs, la politique coloniale de la france au tonkin s'affine et permet de mettre en place un appareil administratif. En dix ans, on passe du regime militaire au regime civil, puis a une evolution permanente de ce dernier: creation de l'union indochinoise (en 1887). .
This period of the end of the 19th century corresponds to what some call " the second french colonial empire. " yet, in this fantastic exploration movement undertaken by europeans countries in order to discover new terrtories and particularly new markets. The indochinese peninsular and tonkin had a limited role. In this region of south east asia, the english and the french fought to spread their control and to secure strong bases in order to conquest the hypothetical markets of southern china. Having started from the india empire, england spread towards birma and became "councellors" of siam, a powerful and crowed country. Having settled in cochinchina since the second empire, france hoped to spread her influence on the annam empire and particularly on the delta of the red river, after the exploration performer by doudart de lagree which showed that the mekong river was not the way of penetration to reach china. In 1883, the death of major riviere in tonkin launched the process of conquest and pacification of annam-tonkin. In spite of numerous changes of governments, general governors, and the high administrators, the french colonial policy in tonkin became more effective and enabled. .
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Perez, Federico Sucunza. "Fatores que afetam a detectabilidade da toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) em estudos de estimativas populacionais." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2220.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) é considerada o pequeno cetáceo mais ameaçado de extinção no oceano Atlântico Sul ocidental. Portanto, obter estimativas robustas do tamanho populacional é fundamental para garantir a conservação da espécie. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o viés de visibilidade em levantamentos aéreos da toninha e, quando possível, utilizá-lo para corrigir estimativas de abundância para essa espécie. Sobrevoos utilizando um helicóptero Robinson R44 foram realizados na Baía da Babitonga, Santa Catarina, para estimar o tempo que a toninha permanece disponível para ser detectada durante levantamentos aéreos. O tempo de superfície foi definido como o período durante o qual um grupo permaneceu disponível visualmente para observadores no helicóptero. Um ciclo superfície-mergulho correspondeu ao início de um intervalo de superfície até o início do próximo intervalo de superfície. Modelos lineares generalizados com efeitos mistos (GLMM) foram utilizados para investigar o efeito de variáveis ambientais e biológicas sobre a proporção de tempo que a toninha permanece disponível para o observador. O viés de disponibilidade foi calculado como proposto por LAAKE et al. (1997). Foram realizadas aproximadamente 15 h de observação durante os sobrevoos com helicóptero. Após a triagem dos dados, sobraram 248 ciclos de superfíce-mergulho registrados em 101 amostragens. O modelo GLMM com maior suporte incluiu apenas o tamanho de grupo como variável explanatória fixa e indicou uma correlação positiva entre a proporção de tempo que grupos de toninha permanecem disponíveis para detecção e o tamanho de grupo. O tempo médio que um grupo de toninhas permaneceu disponível e indisponível para os observadores foi de 16,10 segundos (EP = 9,74) e de 39,77 segundos (EP = 29,06), respectivamente. Assumindo um tempo de janela de 5,77 segundos, o viés de disponibilidade da toninha é de 0,38 (EP = 0,01). A proporção de toninhas disponíveis na linha de transecção que não são detectadas pelos observadores (viés de percepção) foi estimada utilizando os métodos de amostragem de distâncias combinados com marca-recaptura (MRDS) assumindo a independência pontual dos observadores. As detecções utilizadas foram registradas durante levantamentos aéreos (20112014) realizados com a mesma aeronave Aerocommander 500B e os mesmos quatro observadores sempre posicionados no mesmo lugar. Devido à diferença no formato das janelas da frente (janleas-bolha) e de trás (janelas-plana), somente detecções realizadas entre 60º-30º foram selecionadas. Para estimar o viés de percepção foram utilizadas 191 detecções. O modelo MRDS que melhor acomodou os dados teve as covariáveis distância, área (fator) e lado (fator) no componente da marca-recaptura, e distância e Beaufort (fator) no componente 12 da amostragem de distâncias. A partir deste modelo o (0) estimado foi de 0,38 (EP = 0,12). O tempo de superfície da toninha estimado a partir do helicóptero é 13,42 vezes maior do que o estimado a partir de plataformas em superfície e, assim, deve ser utilizado para corrigir o efeito do viés de disponibilidade em levantamentos aéreos. Os resultados indicaram que o viés de percepção para a toninha pode ser substancial, contudo foi constatada a necessidade de mudanças metodológicas para obter uma estimativa robusta desse parâmetro.
The franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) is considered the most threatened cetacean species in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, robust abundance estimates are necessary to improve conservation and management effort for this species. The goal of the present work was improve abundance estimates of franciscana dolphins by estimating correction factors to compensate for visibility bias in aerial surveys. Field experiments were made from a Robinson R44 helicopter in Babitonga Bay, Santa Catarina State, to estimate the time during which a franciscana group remained available to be detected from an aircraft. The surfacing interval was defined as the period of time during which one or more franciscanas in a group were available to the observer in the helicopter. A surface-dive cycle was defined as the period of time from the beginning of one surfacing to the next. Generalized mixed effect models (GLMMs) were used to investigate the influence of environmental and biological predictors on the proportion of time franciscana groups spend ate the surface. Availability bias was then estimated following the methods proposed by LAAKE et al. (1997). A total of 15 hours were flow during the helicopter experiment. After filtering the whole dataset 248 complete surface-dive cycles from a total of 101 samples remained. The most supported GLMM model show a positive relationship between the proportion of time at surface and the size of franciscana groups. The average time franciscana groups spent at the surface and in a dive was 16.10 (SE = 9.74) and 39.77 (SE = 29.06), respectively. Assuming a time window of 5.77 seconds, the estimated availability bias was 0.38 (SE = 0.01). The fraction of individuals available at the surface that were missed by the observers (perception bias) was estimated using mark-recapture-distance-sampling methods (MRDS) assuming point independence. Sightings were recorded through aerial surveys carried out between 2011 and 2014 with an Aerocommander 500B and the same observers, which were locaed at the same observing positions. Because of differences between front (bubble) and rear (flat) windows field of view, only sighting made between 60º-30º were used in the analysis (n = 191). The MRDS model that best fit the data had distance, area (factor), and side (factor) as covariates in the mark-recapture component, and distance and Beaufort (factor) as covariates in the distance sampling component. The estimated probability of detecting a franciscana group that was visible at the transect line was 0.38 (SE = 0.12). Results of this study showed that surfacing time recorded from helicopter were 13.42 times greater than time recorded from surface platforms. Therefore, availability bias estimates for aerial surveys of franciscana dolphins must be estimated from dive parameters computed from aerial platforms. Estimates of 14 perception bias indicated that the number of franciscana sightings missed by observers can be significant and that correction factors to compensate for this bias are necessary. However, methodological improvements in the sampling procedures are needed to estimate this parameter in a more robust way.
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22

Seabra, Camila Brandão. "Helmintos gastrointestinais de toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetartiodactyla; Pontoporiidae), do litoral de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153339.

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As infecções parasitárias são muito comuns em mamíferos marinhos e o estudo da helmintofauna em cetáceos tem sido utilizado como uma ferramenta para determinar aspectos biológicos e ecológicos dos hospedeiros, entre eles a definição de nichos, rotas de dispersão, hábitos alimentares e diferenciação de estoques populacionais. A toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei, pequeno cetáceo endêmico do Atlântico Sul Ocidental tem como principal causa de mortalidade em toda sua área de distribuição a captura acidental. O trato gastrointestinal de 87 toninhas, coletados de carcaças provenientes de captura acidental ou encalhe, no período de 2005 a 2017, no litoral de São Paulo foram analisados para identificar as espécies componentes da fauna parasitária gastrointestinal e avaliar variações nos níveis de infecção conforme o sexo, fase de desenvolvimento, sazonalidade e área de distribuição dos hospedeiros. Foram coletados 4.171 espécimes de helmintos, classificadas em cinco espécies: Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae); Andracantha sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), e Synthesium pontoporiae (Trematoda: Brachycladiidae). Os helmintos C. cetaceum, exclusivo do estômago e S. pontoporiae, encontrado tanto no estômago quanto no intestino apresentaram os maiores índices parasitológicos, enquanto as outras três espécies foram consideradas raras devido aos baixos índices parasitários. Houve diferença significativa na carga parasitária apenas para as fases de desenvolvimento, na qual indivíduos adultos e juvenis apresentaram maiores índices parasitológicos do que indivíduos filhotes. Os índices parasitológicos não variaram significativamente entre os sexos, sazonalidade ou área de distribuição dos hospedeiros. A comunidade parasitária componente do trato gastrointestinal de P. blainvillei no litoral de São Paulo difere parcialmente daquela descrita anteriormente, compreendendo duas espécies: Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) e Synthesium pontoporiae (Digenea: Brachycladiidae). As espécies Anisakis sp., Bolbosoma turbinella e Andracantha sp. consistem em infecção acidental por ingestão de presa infectada e, portanto, não fazem parte da fauna parasitária do hospedeiro nesta área de estudo. Foram observadas variações de comprimento e forma em 18% (n= 377) dos helmintos Synthesium pontoporiae coletados, tratando-se de espécimes sexualmente maduros com tamanho inferior e superior ao descrito para a espécie. São necessários estudos moleculares para complementar a investigação sobre as causas da diferenciação de Synthesium pontoporiae em três morfotipos distintos no litoral de São Paulo, Brasil.
Parasitic infections are very common in marine mammals and the study of helminthfauna in cetaceans has been used as a tool to determine biological and ecological aspects of the hosts, as the definition of niches, dispersal routes, feeding habits and differentiation of population stocks. The franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, is a small cetacean endemic to the Western South Atlantic, beeing the bycath events the main cause of mortality throughout its distribution area. The gastrointestinal tract of 87 franciscanas, collected from carcasses from bycatch or stranding, from 2005 to 2017, in the coast of São Paulo were analyzed to identify the component species of parasitic gastrointestinal fauna and to evaluate variations in levels of infection according to sex, stage of development, seasonality and range of the hosts. A total of 4,171 specimens of helminths were collected and classified into five species: Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae); Andracantha sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), and Synthesium pontoporiae (Trematoda: Brachycladiidae). The helminths C. cetaceum, exclusive to the stomach and S. pontoporiae, found in both, stomach and intestine, presented the highest parasitological indexes, while the other three species were considered rare due to the low parasitic indexes. There was a significant difference in parasite load only for the developmental stages, in which adult and juvenile individuals had higher parasitological indexes than calves. Parasitological indices did not vary significantly between the sexes, seasonality or range of the hosts. The parasite community component of the gastrointestinal tract of P. blainvillei on the São Paulo coast differs partially from that described previously, comprising two species: Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) and Synthesium pontoporiae (Digenea: Brachycladiidae). The species Anisakis sp., Bolbosoma turbinella and Andracantha sp. consists of accidental infection by ingestion of infected prey and, therefore, are not part of the host parasitic fauna in this area of study. Length and shape variations were observed in 18% (n= 377) of the collected Synthesium pontoporiae parasites, being sexually mature specimens with inferior and superior sizes to those described for the species. Molecular studies are needed to complement the research on the causes of the differentiation of Synthesium pontoporiae in three distinct morphotypes in the coast of São Paulo.
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Wycisk, Tonia [Verfasser]. "Quidquid in foro fieri potest - Studien zum römischen Recht bei Quintilian. / Tonia Wycisk." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1238354920/34.

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Bunker, Lisa Dawn. "Development of Tongan Materials for Determining Speech Recognition Thresholds." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2419.pdf.

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Sandoni, Chiara. "Caratteristiche istologiche della tonaca fibrosa dell'occhio dei Cetacei." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8139/.

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Gli occhi dei Cetacei mostrano delle caratteristiche morfofunzionali necessarie per la vita in ambiente acquatico. Sebbene le caratteristiche strutturali dell’occhio dei Cetacei siano state in passato oggetto di studio, i dati relativi alle caratteristiche istologiche e morfometriche della tonaca fibrosa appaiono, allo stato attuale, poco numerosi e non chiaramente noti in tutti i Delfinifi. Per questo motivo è stato condotto il presente studio che, mediante l’uso della microscopia ottica e di opportuni software di analisi immagine, ha studiato le caratteristiche strutturali e morfometriche della cornea e della sclerotica nel Tursiope (Tursiops truncatus) e nella Stenella striata (Stenella coeruleoalba). La presente ricerca è stata condotta su due Delfinidi, il Tursiope (Tursiops truncatus) (2 soggetti) e la Stenella striata (Stenella coeruleoalba) (1 soggetto). La cornea di Tursiope e Stenella striata mostra la struttura base presente negli altri Mammiferi; essa infatti, dall'esterno verso l'interno, appare costituita dai seguenti cinque strati: epitelio corneale, membrana basale, sostanza propria, membrana di Descemet ed endotelio. Nonostante le caratteristiche istologiche osservabili nei singoli strati non si differenzino da quelle presenti nei Mammiferi terrestri, esistono notevoli differenze per quanto riguarda lo spessore. La cornea di Tursiope e di Stenella striata, come accade per altri Cetacei, mostra uno spessore decisamente maggiore rispetto a quella presente dei Mammiferi terrestri. Come in questi ultimi, lo strato che contribuisce maggiormente a fornire spessore alla cornea è rappresentato dalla sostanza propria. Lo spessore della cornea del Tursiope e della Stenella striata, come osservato in generale nei Cetacei, è maggiore alla periferia rispetto al centro. Tale dato è simile a quanto osservato nel Cavallo, ma si differenzia completamente dalla situazione osservabile in altri Mammiferi terrestri, dove lo spessore della cornea è maggiore al centro (Bovino, Maiale e Cane) o si presenta uniforme per tutta la sua estensione (Gatto, Pecora e Coniglio). Nel Tursiope e nella Stenella striata la parte periferica della cornea, essendo più ispessita di quella centrale, mostra un indice di rifrazione maggiore. Questa caratteristica, unita al fatto che la faccia posteriore è più curva di quella anteriore, rende la cornea una lente divergente in grado di compensare il potere rifrattivo del cristallino. In questo modo l’occhio diventa emmetrope in ambiente subacqueo. Nel Tursiope e nella Stenella striata, come del resto in molti Cetacei, la sclerotica è particolarmente ispessita. Lo spessore della sclerotica è particolarmente evidente nella sua parte posteriore. Tale adattamento svolge probabilmente il ruolo di proteggere l’occhio dalle variazioni di pressione legate all'immersione, tenuto conto anche dell'assenza di una vera e propria orbita di natura ossea.
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Holm, David. "Tonala skillnader mellan två gitarrer med olika kroppstjocklek." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10185.

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As a guitarbuilder it is an advantage if you can control and understand what is creating the character of the tone. To approach this vast jungle of variables that controls the tone in a guitar, I built two guitars and in one, guitar 2, reduced the thickness of soundboard, back and sides.

The purpose was to compare the guitars and establish if there was a significant difference and what it was, in the guitars ability to produce sound. The thought was also to try the thesis: loud but short, long but moderate tone. Also if a lighter built guitar has an advantage in producing a loud but short ton and vice versa.

The instruments has been examined by five guitarist, one guitarbuilder and a professor in Speech, music and hearing at KTH in Stockholm.

The relative obvious conclusion is that guitar 2 is a bit louder and has a clearer base and treble but the more part of the guitarists fancied guitar 1 better. This one has got more mass fore the tone to stay alive with. A lot of guitarists wish is to get louder instruments but if you ad one thing and are forced to lose another the guitarist will not be happy anyway. To provision the musician one ought to leave the bodymass alone and see to that the instrument responds sufficiently fast. Clear is also that the lack of a large number referenceguitars limits the results.

One further conclusion is that the test: loud but short, long but moderate tone is correct. This thesis is directly bound to the two tested guitars.

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Sengenbjerg, Daniel. "Tonala skillnader i Ostindisk jakaranda och Europeisk lönn." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6668.

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This graduation paper is based on my interest for wood and its different tonal quality’s.

After some time of thinking I decided to write my paper on the tonal difference between two of the most common woods in guitars, East Indian Rosewood and European Maple. I had built two identical guitars before my graduation paper in which the difference was the wood the back and sides were made of. One was being made of East Indian Rosewood and the other being made of European Maple.

I chose to speak with a number of people with different angle of approach to the two kinds of wood and its tonal difference and quality’s. I present my point of view to these two woods. I also present the point of view of guitarists and guitar makers.

To present picture proof off the tonal difference in the woods I chose to record notes from both of the test guitars that I’ve built and used in my work. The notes were processed by a program that present the ton in a spectrogram in which you can see the difference in the notes between the different guitars/woods.

I asked about the difference both tonal and esthetically in the interviews I did of the established guitar makers. Unfortunately I didn’t receive as many answers as I wished for but I felt that it was important to present the ideas about the woods from those guitar makers who answered.

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Nguyen, Nguyet Minh. "Caractéristiques des marées dans le Golfe du Tonkin." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017434.

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Le golfe du Tonkin, située dans la mer de l'Est/la mer de Chine du Sud, est une zone de fort intérêt écologique, touristique et économique. Améliorer notre connaissance de ses processus hydro-sédimentaires (transport de particules en suspension) est d'une grande importance. L'objectif scientifique de cette étude est de revoir les processus physiques dominants qui caractérisent la dynamique des marées dans le golfe du Tonkin en utilisant un modèle à haute résolution et la combinaison de toutes les données disponibles. Une attention particulière est donc accordée à un examen croisé du modèle, des marégraphes et de l'altimétrie en zone côtière, ainsi qu'à l'étalonnage du modèle dérivé d'un ensemble d'expériences de sensibilité aux paramètres. Le bilan d'énergie des marées du golfe (flux d'énergie et de dissipation) est ensuite analysé et ses propriétés de résonance sont évaluées et comparées avec des modèles idéalisés et les observations. Ensuite, la marée résiduelle eulérienne et lagrangienne est évaluée. Enfin, on montre que le mélange de marée ne suffit pas à expliquer les structures frontales observées et associées à des concentrations élevées de chlorophylle.
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Nguyen, Nguyet Minh. "Caractéristiques des marées dans le Golf du Tonkin." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834656.

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Le golfe du Tonkin, située dans la mer de l'Est/la mer de Chine du Sud, est une zone de fort intérêt écologique, touristique et économique. Améliorer notre connaissance de ses processus hydro-sédimentaires (transport de particules en suspension) est d'une grande importance. L'objectif scientifique de cette étude est de revoir les processus physiques dominants qui caractérisent la dynamique des marées dans le golfe du Tonkin en utilisant un modèle à haute résolution et la combinaison de toutes les données disponibles. Une attention particulière est donc accordée à un examen croisé du modèle, des marégraphes et de l'altimétrie en zone côtière, ainsi qu'à l'étalonnage du modèle dérivé d'un ensemble d'expériences de sensibilité aux paramètres. Le bilan d'énergie des marées du golfe (flux d'énergie et de dissipation) est ensuite analysé et ses propriétés de résonance sont évaluées et comparées avec des modèles idéalisés et les observations. Ensuite, la marée résiduelle eulérienne et lagrangienne est évaluée. Enfin, on montre que le mélange de marée ne suffit pas à expliquer les structures frontales observées et associées à des concentrations élevées de chlorophylle.
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30

Weitzman, Kim. "The Relevance of Crises: The Tonkin Gulf Incidents." Connect to online version at OhioLINK ETD Connect to online version at Digital.Maag, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/4788.

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Goy, Michel, and Catharina Jakobsson. "Kartläggning av allergiframkallande hårfärgningsämnen i toningar i Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215515.

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En vanlig källa till kontakallergiskt eksem är sensibiliserande (allergiframkallande) kemikalier som finns i hårfärger. Permanenta hårfärger innehåller kraftiga allergener, men det saknas kartläggande forskning på toningar. För att ta reda på vilka allergener som ingår i toningar behöver dagens utbud kartläggas. Detta projekt har skett i Stockholm och innehållet i sex olika märken har kartlagts. Toningar och permanenta hårfärger skiljer sig åt genom att permanenta hårfärger polymeriseras i håret genom oxidation med väteperoxid. Toningar innehåller kromofora ämnen som fäster i håret, antingen genom diffusion eller adsorption. Totalt kunde tio kromofora ämnen med kända sensibiliserande egenskaper hittas i toningarna varav en möjlig cancerogen. I varje produkt fanns i snitt 0,4–2,4, och som mest tre, kända sensibiliserande kromofora ämnen. Hårfärger utan sensibiliserande färgämnen kunde hittas i alla kulörer utom svart och brun. Även sensibiliserande parfymämnen och konserveringsmedel kunde påvisas. Eftersom det finns hårfärger i de flesta kulörer utan sensibiliserande färgämnen bör dessa ämnen fasas ut.
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Bataille-Benguigui, Marie-Claire. "Les Polynésiens des îles Tonga et leur représentation du milieu marin." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100094.

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À la suite d'une large présentation du système social, économique, politique et religieux des îles Tonga, la thèse est axée sur l'étude de l'exploitation traditionnelle des ressources halieutiques tant dans ses aspects pratiques que rituels. L’étude des techniques de pêche liées à l'imaginaire montre que certaines espèces ichtyologiques, en certains lieux de l'archipel, sont traitées comme des partenaires sociaux et assimilées à des chefs ou à des dieux. Il s'agit là d'un fait social total mettant en jeu les institutions économiques, sociales et religieuses de la société tongienne. Les rituels qui accompagnent ces techniques ont pour effet de renforcer le pouvoir des chefs coutumiers locaux, de reproduire la structure sociale et politique traditionnelle - ils agissent comme des réducteurs de tension dans les microsociétés concernées. En conclusion, ces techniques que nous qualifions de religieuses reproduisent l'ordre cosmogonique et social traditionnel préchrétien au sein d'une société christianisée et en voie de transformation la thèse comprend en annexe les textes vernaculaires qui fondent notre interprétation sur la littérature orale qui a été recueillie au cours de deux missions sur le terrain en 1974 et 1983
After a large presentation of the social, political, economic and religious traditional system of the Tongan islands, the thesis focus on the study of genuine exploitation of the halieutic resources: technical aspects as ritual ones. The study of those fishing technics, tied to the imaginary shows that certain species of fishes, in certain villages, are treated as social partners assimilated as chiefs or gods. We are here in front of an example of the "total social fact" described by M. Mauss which throw in economic, social and religious genuine institutions. The rituals tied to the fishing technics result in strengthening the power of local customary chiefs - in reproducing the traditional political and social structure - they work on the reduction of social conflicts upon the micro-society concerned. In conclusion, those techniques qualified as religious, reproduce the supernatural and social order of the traditional society in a country on the way of modernization. The oral tradition in Tongan language, collected along the two fieldworks of 1974 and 1983, basic material of our interpretation of the facts, figures in appendix of the thesis
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Fyson, Sarah J. "Tonic GABAa current in absence epilepsy." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55034/.

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Typical absence seizures are characteristic of many idiopathic generalised epilepsies and the only seizure-type in childhood absence epilepsy. We know that absence seizures arise in thalamocortical networks and that GABAergic agents exacerbate or induce absences. Furthermore, raised levels of GABA have been identified in the ventrobasal thalamus in an established genetic animal model (genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg GAERS), which was later suggested as a result of aberrant GABA uptake. I have shown that enhanced tonic GABAa current in TC neurons of the VB is a common phenomenon across genetic and pharmacological models of absence seizures. Furthermore, my data show that increased extrasynaptic GABAaR (cGABAaR) function in the VB is both sufficient and necessary to induce SWDs. This is supported by the fact that focal intrathalamic application of a selective agonist for eGABAARs, THIP, was sufficient to elicit SWDs in normal animals and that mice lacking cGABAaRs were resistant to absence seizure induction by y-butyrolactone. Moreover, I have presented data that directly implicate aberrant type-1 GABA transporters (GAT-1) in SWD generation in vivo, with GAT-1 knockout mice exhibiting spontaneous SWDs and focal thalamic administration of the GAT-1 blocker, N0711, inducing SWDs in normal rats a potential new model of absence epilepsy. In addition, my data indicate that activation of postsynaptic GABAbRs enhances tonic GABAA current, presumably via the Gl o protein coupled adenyl cyclase pathway, which was present under control conditions and occurred in several brain areas. This postsynaptic GABAb-cGABAaR link is further supported by the fact that GBL failed to induce SWDs in 5-subunit knockout mice. Thus, one of the cellular thalamic pathologies that characterises absence seizures is an astrocyte-specific aberrant GAT-1 with the resulting elevated extracellular GABA level enhancing tonic GABAa current through two mechanisms: direct activation of high affinity eGABAARs and indirect increase in eGABAAR function due to activation of postsynaptic GABAbRs.
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Northard, Sarah Jane. "Deformation of the Tonga subducting slab." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264511.

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Ncube, Vincent Frank. "HIV/AIDS in rural Tonga culture." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53068.

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Although HIV and AIDS has become a common phenomenon in Zimbabwe and the world over, it still remains a bone of contention for many people with regards to its spread and consequences. Thirty-five years has gone by since the advent of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe. A number of factors, such as unprotected sex; handling of AIDS patients without proper and adequate facilities; and the usage of used needles have been accused of influencing the spread of HIV and AIDS in some parts of Zimbabwe. However, factors influencing the spread of HIV and AIDS among the Tonga females are different from what has been said concerning other parts of country .Factors such as cultural practices which are oppressive to females are responsible for fuelling the spread of AIDS pandemic among the Tonga females. In view of this, the study is therefore meant to examine the validity of the claim which presupposes that those cultural practices such as polygamy; marrying of a spouse whose husband is believed to have died of AIDS; child marriage among others, as responsible for the spread of HIV and AIDS among the Tonga females. It is also the study s aim to validate or falsify the assumption that the Tonga females are more vulnerable to HIV and AIDS than their male counterparts. Since the study seeks to establish the plight of the Tonga females of the Pashu community in the context of HIV and AIDS, about 98% of the respondents or participants are females. The reason for this is to maximise a female voice. In other words, more females were interviewed than males. The gathered data during interviews had been analysed. The study findings confirmed the assumed problem of the Tonga females suffering from HIV and AIDS due to the mentioned factors. Presumably the subsequent consequences of HIV and AIDS have necessitated a pastoral oversight to the afflicted females. In some cases, family relationships are broken. Some witchcraft accusations have also caused hatred among some family members. Seemingly pain and suffering in this case has superseded joy. These findings have influenced a recommendation that a further study on specific cultural practices mentioned above be pursued. The study has revealed and addressed the issues affecting the Tonga females in the context of HIV and AIDS.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Practical Theology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Mills, Andy N. "Tufunga Tongi 'akau : Tongan club carvers & their arts." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446142.

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This is a material ethnohistory of 'akau - war-clubs from the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific. It combines ethnohistoric reconstruction with stylistic analysis and ethnographic analogy, in order to provide a representation of the use, manufacture and variation of these complex woodcarvings during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Its concerns are therefore both stylistic and processual. It argues that these weapons were intimately associated with the biographical accumulation of mana - metaphysical efficacy - and themselves underwent a process of the incremental development of a form of supernatural personhood over time. It presents a new method for the chronological analysis of museum collections, and a chronological stylistic typology of these weapons, as well as a chronology of change in their extensive and detailed decorative surface incision. In order to do this, it argues for the existence of fluctuating formal templates within the minds of all humans apprehending, using and creating artefacts, which are termed Particular and Typological Ideals. It suggests that a complex set of stylistic changes occurred in 'akau over time, of which the foremost were a general diversification and breakdown of the pre-existing canon of forms and iconographic elements, and a far-reaching cultural reorientation towards the uptake of Fijian forms, at some point in the second half of the eighteenth century. These two stylistic trends seem to have been in both concert and opposition, in different aspects of the artistic process.
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Hu, Guohua. "Svenska studenters uppfattningar av tonerna i kinesiska tvåstaviga ord." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118770.

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Studenter med ett icke-tonspråk som modersmål brukar ha svårigheter att lära sig de kinesiskatonerna när de börjar sina studier. Å ena sidan brukar kursböckerna på denna nivån användabara enstaviga ord och det har ansetts vara god pedagogik att läraren visar tonkonturerna medsina händer. Å andra sidan har forskningen om kinesiska länge varit koncentrerad på vilkavärden som grundtonen (F0) uppvisar i enstaviga ord. Det är många faktorer som tvärspråksforskningeninte har uppmärksammat, bl.a. det inflytande som konsonanterna har på F0 (vilketinfödda talare inte alltid är medvetna om).Det finns ingen samsyn när det gäller att förklara tonförväxlingsmönstren. Tidigare teorierinom ämnet andraspråksinlärning (Second Language Acquisition, SLA), som Perception AssimilationModel (PAM) och Speech Learning Model (SLM) har visat sig otillräckliga förstudiet av tonperception. På senare tid har PAM-Suprasegment försökt förklara hur den lärandesmodersmål antas närma sig kinesiskans tonsystem men modellen tar inte upp ordprosodin.Eftersom den moderna kinesiskans ordförråd till majoriteten består av tvåstaviga ord börforskningen lämna gamla spår för att finna andra kriterier – som duration och betoning – föratt förklara hur man lär sig höra kinesiskans toner, t.ex. vad som händer när två toner återfinnsi ett ord.Denna studie har som mål att ta reda på hur svenskar som studerar kinesiska som andraspråk/främmande språk uppfattar tonerna i kinesiska tvåstaviga ord. Experimentet bygger intepå tillrättalagda testord. Resultaten visar att tonerna först och främst påverkas av den initialakonsonanten och sedan av de omgivande tonerna. Vidare visas att det svenska systemet medaccent I och II i sin tur kan åstadkomma tonförväxlingar eftersom kinesiska tvåstaviga orddelvis uppvisar samma mönster.Resultaten illustrerar att tonidentifiering är en dynamisk och komplex process. Det krävsfortsatt forskning om tonerna för att få grepp om dem men det kan inte stanna där: interaktionenmellan ljud och ordprosodi behöver belysas bättre för att uppnå god behärskning avprosodin i språkundervisningen.
Foreign adult students with atonal language usually have, in the beginning of their Chinesestudy, difficulties to identify the Chinese tones. On one side, only monosyllabic tones arementioned in course books during this earlier stage and to illustrate the tone contours withhands has been treated as an effective pedagogy. On the other side, research on Chinese hasfor long been solely concentrated upon the values of the fundamental frequency (F0) of thevowels in monosyllabic words. In cross-linguistic studies many factors, among others the effectsof consonants on F0 that native speakers are not aware of, have still not been paidspecial attention to.There is no consensus regarding the explanation to tone confusion patterns. Earlier theoriesof Second Language Acquisition (SLA) like Perception Assimilation Model (PAM) andSpeech Learning Model (SLM) are no longer suited for tone perception. Recently, PAMSuprasegmenthas tried to approach that the intonation of the learners’ native language is assumedto be assimilated to the Chinese tone system. However, this model ignores the wordprosody. Nowadays, when the modern Chinese vocabulary consists of a majority of disyllabicwords, research has to be re-directed to find other criteria e.g. temporal and stress for explainingthe complexity of Chinese tone perception, i.e. how two tones behave when they arecombined in one word.The purpose of this essay is to explore how native Swedish speakers learning Chinese assecond/foreign language perceive the Chinese tones of disyllabic words. The experiment isnot based on elaborated test words. The results show that tones are first of all affected by theinitial consonants and sequentially influenced by the surrounding tones with accordance toChinese. It further reveals that Swedish accent I/II patterns might be a reasonable explanationfor the Chinese tone confusion patterns since partially acoustic properties of Chinese disyllabicwords overlap the Swedish accents.These results mean that tone perception is a dynamic and complex process. Further researchon tone perception should explore profoundly and widen interaction between sounds andword prosody, which paves the way for more effective prosodic practice in language education.
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Barreto, Icleia Siqueira. "Polipos linfoides da tonsila palatina : estudo histologico e imunoistoquimico." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313785.

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Orientador: Albina Messias de Almeida Milani Altemani
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:50:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barreto_IcleiaSiqueira_M.pdf: 3099004 bytes, checksum: e7104aa2bedc2fa4b0a6e9751cf9a4d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Pólipos linfóides tonsilares são lesões pouco comuns que têm sido raramente estudadas. Nosso objetivo foi descrever as características clínicas, histopatológicas e imunoistoquímicas em seis pólipos tonsilares, cujo tecido linfóide representava mais que 80 % da lesão, comparando-as com as tonsilas palatinas-controles. Os sintomas apresentados foram de massa tonsilar e/ou disfagia. Não foram detectados fatores predisponentes. Microscopicamente, todos os pólipos continham folículos com centros germinativos, criptas revestidas por linfoepitélio e pequena quantidade de tecido fibroso no centro da lesão. Células B (CD 20+), células T (CD45RO+), plasmócitos (kappa+ e lambda+) e vasos (linfáticos ¿D2-40+ e sanguíneos ¿CD34+), apresentaram distribuição e padrão arquitetural como o esperado para o tecido linfóide da tonsila palatina. Pólipos linfóides tonsilares são, provavelmente, hamartomas caracterizados por um crescimento exagerado dos elementos linfóides, mantendo um padrão arquitetural e uma composição celular similar àquela da tonsila palatina
Abstract: Tonsillar lymphoid polyps are uncommon lesions which have rarely been studied. We aim to describe the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of six tonsillar polyps in which lymphoid tissue represented more than 80% of the lesion, comparing them with sixteen control tonsils. Presenting symptoms were tonsillar mass and/or dysphagia. No predisposing factor was detected. Microscopically all polyps contained follicles with germinal centers, crypts lined by lymphoepithelium and a small amount of fibrous tissue in the centre of the lesion. B cells (CD20+), T cells (CD45RO+), plasma cells (kappa+ and lambda+) and vessels (lymphatic - D2-40+ and blood ¿ CD34+) presented distribution and architectural patterns as expected for lymphoid tissue of a palatine tonsil. Tonsillar lymphoid polyps are possibly hamartomas characterized by overgrowth of lymphoid elements which maintain an architectural pattern and cellular composition similar to those of the palatine tonsil
Mestrado
Anatomia Patologica
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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39

Charland, Anne-Marie. "La machine à broyer les petites filles de Tonino Benacquista : de la mécanique nouvellière à l'hybridité du sous-genre criminel." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6496.

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Le présent mémoire porte sur un recueil de nouvelles de Tonino Benacquista, La machine à broyer les petites filles paru en 1993. Ces textes appartiennent à un genre doublement marginalisé : les nouvelles policières. Nous avons tenté de comprendre de quelle manière les trois principaux sous-genres criminels s'entremêlent dans les textes de Benacquista, ainsi que les effets de cette hybridité. Nous avons d'abord dégagé les principales constantes théoriques du récit criminel et de ses trois principaux sous-genres, soit le récit à énigme, le récit à suspense et le récit noir. Puis, avant même de nous consacrer à l'analyse proprement dite des nouvelles, nous avons tenté de mieux comprendre les traits de la nouvelle et les influences qu'ils peuvent avoir sur les récits criminels de Benacquista. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons analysé les treize nouvelles criminelles du recueil de Benacquista. Le premier constat fut que les textes de La machine à broyer les petites filles présentent presque tous une forte coloration noire, entre autres parce que l'auteur s'amuse à transgresser les frontières entre les catégories, entre autres à travers les natures des crimes et de l'énigme. Cela transparait également à travers l'étrangeté des personnages et des lieux, le ton distant des narrateurs ainsi que la focalisation. Par ailleurs, l'ironie et la subversion, traits appartenant autant à la nouvelle qu'au récit noir, teintent toutes les nouvelles. Mais, plus que tout, ces récits incitent à réfléchir aux notions complexes que sont l'impunité et la culpabilité.
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40

Siemens, Philip Garth. "Aspects of evangelical social criticism, with special reference to Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna, flourit 1825-1846." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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41

Tran, Hoang Dieu. "Les opérations tontinières d'épargne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020059/document.

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Il est des notions servant d’architecture aux opérations d’épargne tellement anciennes, voire un tantinet désuètes et « exotiques », qu’elles finissent par n’intéresser qu’une poignée de spécialistes. C’est le cas de la tontine qui occupe une place résolument atypique et différenciée. Son traitement est tout aussi significatif que paradoxal. À son évocation, contrairement aux autres techniques juridiques et malgré sa relative confidentialité, n’importe quel particulier est capable de tracer une trame, peu ou prou précise, mais néanmoins avec une constance dès lors qu’il s’agit de ses deux points cardinaux que sont la survie, comme condition exécutoire, et la mort, comme condition résolutoire. Mais là s’arrête la bonne intuition et commencent un ensemble de malentendus ainsi qu’une certaine amphibologie. De prime abord, l’histoire de la tontine ne peut être écrite au singulier. Elle a changé d’objet à trois reprises, de 1653 à nos jours. Quand bien même son régime est parvenu à se stabiliser, la tontine est redevenue multiforme, faisant intervenir alternativement la vie et le décès comme fondement de l’extinction des obligations. Ensuite, sa représentation est toujours occultée par des récits des abus alors que la loi du 17 mars 1905 est parvenue à les sécuriser définitivement. Enfin, les démarches d’introspection ont été continuellement ramenées à la comparaison avec l’assurance vie. Peu convaincantes, elles butent toutes sur le postulat intangible qui sépare la tontine de l’assurance. De là, il faut définitivement se convaincre que la tontine est une opération d’épargne sui generis, définie par huit éléments constitutifs, dotée d’un droit spécial et couverte par le Code des assurances (articles R.322-139 à R.322-159)
There are architectural notions related to savings’ plans so ancient, even indeed slightly outmoded and « exotic », that they end up interesting only a handful of specialists. This is the case of tontine which fills a resolutely atypical and differentiated niche. Its processing is as significant as it is paradoxical. In fact, unlike other legal techniques and despite its relative confidentiality, any individual is capable of drawing a more or less accurate yet constant framework, that it includes two cardinal points which are survival as an execution clause, and death as a cancellation clause. But good intuition stops there and a whole series of misunderstandings begin, as does a certain amphibology. At first sight, tontine history cannot be written in a singular mode. Tontine has changed its object three times, from 1653 to this day. Although its system had become reliable, tontine merged again into a many-faceted profile, applying alternately, life and death events as a foundation of obligation extinction. Furthermore, tontine representation is always overshadowed by a sulphurous reputation even though the March 17th 1905 bill managed to definitely secure these operations. Finally, introspection initiatives have been continuously reduced to a comparison with life insurance. Unconvincing, they always trip over the intangible premise which separates tontine from insurance. From there, it is unequivocal that tontine is a sui generis savings’ plan, defined by eight constitutive elements, endowed with a specific legal system and covered by the insurance code (articles R.322-139 to R.322-159)
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Atcherley, Christopher Wade. "Voltammetric Measurements Of Tonic And Phasic Neurotransmission." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338965.

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To understand how the brain functions and what disruptions underlie neurological diseases and disorders, analytical methods are needed that can succeed in the complexity of the native brain environment. To make a measurement in functioning, live tissue, these methods must be selective for specific analytes in a matrix that has over 1000 different chemical species, be able to measure chemical changes on multiple timescales (10-3 s to 104 s), have a high spatial resolution (μm), and be sensitive (pM to μM). The work described within, details the development and application of a voltammetric method, fast-scan controlled adsorption voltammetry (FSCAV) that is capable of monitoring baseline levels of serotonin and dopamine, as well as monitoring changes on multiple time scales with high sensitivity and selectivity. Because FSCAV is performed using a carbon-fiber microelectrode, the same sensor can be used for fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to monitor rapid (phasic) changes of dopamine and serotonin in the extracellular space. Thus a single-sensor strategy for measuring tonic and phasic concentrations of these important neurotransmitters is developed and used to elucidate important insight into the differences of serotonin and dopamine regulation. Additionally it is revealed that dopamine exhibits a coaction between tonic and phasic signaling where serotonin does not. Using this approach, a method for evaluating pain processing in a preclinical model is developed, which reveals an important relationship between chronic pain and dopamine signaling. Furthermore, a mathematical model to describe mass-transport limited adsorption is developed and used to determine the diffusion coefficient of both dopamine and serotonin in situ. The work described within details an important advancement in neuroanalytical methodology that will provide new insights both short-term and long-term for studying fundamental chemical mechanisms of neurotransmission.
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Wong, Megan Barbara. "A dietary isotopic study at Nukuleka, Tonga." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46429.

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The aim of this project is to investigate Lapita-age human and faunal remains recovered from the 2007 excavation of Tonga’s founder site of Nukuleka (2838+/-8 BP) using stable carbon and nitrogen analysis. Results were then used to evaluate the two main Lapita subsistence theories: the strandlooper hypothesis, which states that Lapita people focused primarily on easily foraged marine and terrestrial resources (Groube 1971), and the horticultural hypothesis, which states that Lapita people migrated with a transported landscape, indicating a reliance on horticultural activity (Burley 1998). Unfortunately, after human remains selected for this research were isotopically analyzed, it became apparent that the vast majority of the samples were poorly preserved and none of the samples were suitable for use in this project. Only one of the fourteen samples yielded viable collagen and it had a δ¹³C signature of -16.0‰ and a δ¹⁵N signature of 10.4‰. Upon review of Burley et al.'s (2010) Nukuleka excavation report it was found that this sample was likely historic in nature and was rejected for use in this project. In consideration of the poor collagen preservation of sampled human remains, environmental factors that may have lead to the degradation of the Nukuleka samples are discussed, as well as potential approaches archaeologists could use in future isotopic investigations. To continue with the goal of this project, previous dietary isotopic research in the South Pacific is reviewed, and used as a comparison tool in the evaluation of Nukuleka subsistence strategies. Based on evidence from sites in Remote Oceania, it is likely that Lapita settlers at Nukuleka were employing a subsistence strategy consistent with Groube’s (1971) proposed strandlooper hypothesis.
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Landgren, Johan. "Tonalitet i tjugoförsta århundradet : Populärmusik och spel med tonala konventioner." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för musikvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154148.

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Abstract Johan Landgren: Tonalitet i tjugoförsta århundradet – Populärmusik och spel med tonala konventioner. Uppsala universitet: Institutionen för musikvetenskap, C-uppsats 2007. I uppsatsen studeras spelet med tonalitet och tonala konventioner i den nutida populärmusiken. Fyra låtar (av Avril Lavigne, Fall out boy, My chemical romance och Nickelback) analyseras med avseende på melodi och harmonik, för att visa hur musiken förhåller sig till traditionella tonala system. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är en diskussion av Carl Dahlhaus om indelningen av musik i harmonisk respektive melodisk (modal) tonalitet, och i underkategorierna tonarter respektive modi. Funktionsanalys används i syfte att undersöka hur musikexemplen förhåller sig till den traditionella tonarten och dess struktur. I de fyra låtarna uppvisar melodin ett anmärkningsvärt oberoende av det ackordiska kompet, vilket till exmpel visar sig i rikedomen av fria dissonanser, men än mer anmärkningsvärt är de två använder sig av olika tonmaterial. En generell tendens visar sig: melodin rör sig ofta i rörelser som starkt påminner om en durtonalitet, medan kompets ackord snarare hör hemma i en molltonart i parallellrelation till melodins antydda tonart. Kopplingen stärks av att de två elementen alltså delar samma skalegna tonförråd. På så sätt skapas en tonal otydlighet, där musiken kan använda sig av vissa av funktionsharmonikens effekter utan att falla in i förutsägbarheten som dess konventioner innebär.
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45

Mirlesse, Alice. "Identity on Trial: the Gabrielino Tongva Quest for Federal Recognition." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/90.

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In this paper, the author looks at the impact of the policy of federal recognition on a Los Angeles basin Native community: the Gabrielino Tongva. The first section, the literature review focuses on the difficulties of defining “indigenousness” in the academic and political realms, as well as looking at Native scholars’ conceptualization of this unique and multifaceted identity. After a consideration of the theoretical framework of the study, the crossroads between anthropology and public policy analysis, the author presents the tools she used in her study, namely: participant observation, key-informant interviews, and the analysis of published documents and personal files. The section ends with a review of ethical concerns pertaining to doing research with indigenous people. The historical section comprises an analysis of archives and published works about the Tongva and the federal recognition process. Starting by a brief report of major policies that have impacted Native American rights in the U.S. and the evolution of government relations with indigenous communities, the author looks at the legacy of the Tongva people in L.A. today, paying special attention to past efforts at obtaining federal recognition and political divides within the tribe. The analysis is structured according to the different levels of recognition that the author perceived through her research. “Capital R”, or federal recognition is explored through its impact on the individual and the group, and followed by an account of current efforts towards community recognition – “lower-case r.” The paper ends on recommendations for future policies and a personal reflection about the research and its results.
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Cook, Scott Alexander. "Referential sets, referential tonics, and the analysis of contemporary jazz." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42104.

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While jazz has become more integrated into academia, the repertoire that is commonly examined is out of date. Today's leading jazz scholars tend to focus on a handful of musicians who made their mark in the '50s and '60s. But jazz writing has continued to evolve in the last fifty years, particularly in regards to harmony. Though many rooted chords—including MM7, mm7, and Mm7—can be heard in succession, the relationships between adjacent chords are obscure, and rarely manifest the standard II–V–I progression found in classic jazz. Often, successive chords belong to different diatonic sets. Some composers have eliminated chord symbols from their lead sheets altogether, leaving harmonic interpretation and relationships even more open-ended. Since the inception of modal jazz in the late '50s, priority has been given to groups of notes and the ways that they can interact, as opposed to specific chords, keys, and function. This presents a challenge not only for harmonic analysis but also for improvising on these changes in performance. Nevertheless, pitch-class organization can often be heard to promote a hierarchical ranking amongst the chords, resulting in strong points of reference. This dissertation develops and applies a theory of referential sets, for analyzing and improvising over representative examples of chromatic chord successions found in some contemporary jazz. By treating pitch-classes outside the collection as alterations, this theory provides a way to hear successions of seemingly unrelated chords as derived from such collections, which are in turn supported by global referential tonics. This is analogous to traditional, hierarchical ways of hearing secondary dominants and other chromaticism, but with different restrictions on the types of alterations allowed. It therefore describes more variegated progressions, and also allows referential sets to be different and larger than diatonic sets, while still providing the traditional benefits of harmonic analysis, such as the identification of continuities, recurring patterns of root successions, cadences, and other formal processes and relations that remain paramount in much of today's jazz writing.
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Maka, Lia L. "Trodden paths and untrodden lanes : Tongan students' readings across texts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11086/.

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Using poststructuralist notions of `texts', `textuality ', `discourse', `subjectivity' and `knowledge, this study explores the kinds of meaning links and the location of these links as made by a group of 14-16 year olds Tongan students when they read a range of literary and informative texts (poems, short stories, advertisements, cartoon). To construct `reading vignettes' of the students as to the discursive constructedness of their meaning links, I adopted a variety of methods: gaining information from school documents, students/teachers open-response questionnaires, and on-line and ad hoc reading tasks. The data from these sources suggests the need to explore alternative ways of looking at reading practices and the nature of response in Tongan classrooms. I did this using a poststructuralist, pedagogical framework of scaffolding and problematising. This entailed soliciting the cooperation of a co-teacher to demonstrate various ways of poststructuralist scaffolding during reading. A select group of students were chosen to be engaged in these scaffolding sessions. The study found that meaning links are not only fluid, but paradoxical in nature and that such links are triggered by textual ideas that are of relevance and interest to the reader. Moreover, such links are located variously, either inscribed in texts or constituted from discoursal discursive practices framing response. Personal links are particular to how each has been historically constituted as a reader and vary according to texts, gender, biographical backgrounds, and even in rereadings of the same texts. Most are rooted in alignments to do with minority issues (gender, race), interests, and beliefs. However, at a broader, discoursal level, these meaning links share a commonality in the location of their sources, that of clearly defined Tongan notions of family solidarity, religion and hierarchical social roles. Both the readers' personal and socio-cultural meanings therefore constitute and are constitutive of their interpretation and both impact upon each other. Texts are constructed with a set of assumed prior knowledge for readers. The study found that if a text's set of knowledge is not in the readers' knowledge repertoire, the reader takes recourse to other meanings to fill in sutures in the texts other than the dominant reading. Despite being scaffolded on ways to problematise textual constructions and ideology, some unwittingly fell prey to textual ideology because of a limited repertoire of other knowledge links to interpret texts alternatively or an inability to perceive textual construction. Some however, knowingly chose to align with textual ideology when it concurs with theirs, whilst those who read against a text's preferred reading, gave a range of readings rooted in alignments constituted by personal, socio-cultural and political ideologies. Such findings imply that if the text's assumed knowledge is not shared by the reader, a poststructuralist reading approach enables the reader to utilise various strategies and knowledge links either to appropriate such knowledge, transform, or resist it. This is potentially useful in Tongan classrooms and particularly with those raised in a culture of hierarchy and textually deferential readings. The findings in general suggests that a poststructuralist reading approach allows students to identify and bring to the fore, often subjugated knowledges; explore and negotiate a range of meaning possibilities; and exercise meaning choices whilst critically cognisant of the range of knowledges at stake. In the process of this negotiation, they refine and develop wide-ranging ideas. The findings have important implications for a poststructuralist, bilingual framework to reading pedagogy and assessment in Tonga either for studies in English, the vernacular, or any other subject area, particularly in terms of giving voices to, and carving out spaces for those whose meanings tend to be marginalised in language classrooms.
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Tạ, Thị Thúy. "Les Concessions agricoles françaises au Tonkin de 1884 à 1918." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0104.

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L'histoire des concessions agricoles francaises au tonkin de 1884 a 1918 est envisagee sous l'angle de la formation socio-economique selon les deux points de vue de structure economique et de structure sociale comprenant les resultazts et les consequences qu'elles ont provoques dans l'economie coloniale et la societe rurale. De cela il resulte des problemes a presenter : - l'aspect historique et juridique du sujet : la voie rurale traditionnelle ; l'espace rurale et l'occupation francaise des terrains ruraux domaniaux ; la reglementation des concessions des terres ; - l'encouragement administratif et l'etablissement des concessions : les initiatives de l'administration en faveur de l'agriculture et des concessions ; le processus de l'etablissement des concessions et les premieres influences de la colonisation agricole. - les concessionnaires et la main d'oeuvre : l'effectif, la propriete et la situation socio-professionnelle des colons-concessionnaires du tonkin, le recrutement, la reglementation et les trois modes de l'emploi de la main d'oeuvre agricole. - la mise en valeur des terres, la production : les concessions, les superficies mises en exploitation ; l'utilisation du sol, les activites et leurs resultats. Conclusion : le bilan economique et social
The history of the french agricultural concessions in tonkin between 1884 and 1918 is seen through the socio-economic perspective according the two point of views of economical structure and social structure. This contains the results and the consequences that the concessions had provoked withing colonial economy and rural society. As a result, we will deal with the following problems : - the historical and legal aspect of the topic : traditional rural life ; the agricultural areas and french occupation of the state domains ; regulating the concessions of lands. - incitement of administration for the creation of concessions and in favor of agriculture ; the process of the development of the sucessions and the first influence of rural colonisation. - the concession holders and the manpower : the people, the property and the socio-professional situation of the concession holders in tonkin, hiring, regulation, the three ways of employment of rural manpower. Exploitation of fields, production : concessions, worked surfaces, utilization of the ground, activities and their results. Conclusion : economic and social results
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Nagler, Tonia [Verfasser], and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Pelka. "Zeitabhängige Putzeffektivität einer neuen Handzahnbürste im Vergleich mit einer ADA-Referenzzahnbürste / Tonia Nagler. Betreuer: Matthias Pelka." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016777205/34.

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Greiner, Tonia [Verfasser]. "Daclizumab als Induktionsimmunsuppressivum nach simultaner Nieren- und Pankreastransplantation : eine retrospektive Untersuchung von 41 Patienten / Tonia Greiner." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023372614/34.

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