Journal articles: 'Tonina'

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Taladoire, Eric. "El territorio de Tonina, Chiapas." Journal de la société des américanistes 103, no. 103-2 (December 15, 2017): 141–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jsa.15200.

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Sánchez Gamboa, Ángel A., Alejandro Sheseña, Guido Krempel, and Juan Yadeún Angulo. "RITUAL Y JERARQUÍA DURANTE EL GOBIERNO DE K’IHNICH BAHLAM CHAPAHT DE TONINA: LOS MONUMENTOS 181 Y 182." Ancient Mesoamerica 30, no. 3 (2019): 439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536118000275.

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AbstractEl gobierno de K'ihnich Bahlam Chapaht corresponde a uno de los más longevos de todos los gobernantes conocidos de Tonina. Con excepción de su nacimiento y entronización, conocidos por referencias retrospectivas muy reiteradas, es poco lo que se conoce de su vida. Sin embargo, gracias al recientemente restaurado Monumento 181 y al altar identificado como Monumento 182, hemos logrado reconstruir pormenores adicionales de su gobierno. En el presente ensayo, presentamos nuevos datos sobre ritualidad y jerarquía político-religiosa en Tonina durante el reinado de K'ihnich Bahlam Chapaht resultado del análisis de estos dos monumentos.

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Scherer, Andrew K. "The Classic Maya sarcophagus: Veneration and renewal at Palenque and Tonina." Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 61-62 (March 2012): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/resvn1ms23647833.

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Giuliani, Luigi. "Tonina Paba, «Loas palaciegas nella Sardegna spagnola. Studio e edizione di testi»." Anuario Lope de Vega Texto literatura cultura 23 (January 26, 2017): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/anuariolopedevega.237.

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김우중. "A Study on Tonina, a Maya Community of Classical Period in Mexico." Cross-Cultural Studies 13, no. 2 (December 2009): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21049/ccs.2009.13.2.65.

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Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da, and Marcelo Trovó. "Eriocaulaceae na Reserva Natural da Vale, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brasil." Rodriguésia 67, no. 3 (September 2016): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201667315.

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Resumo Eriocaulaceae compreende aproximadamente 1400 espécies distribuídas em dez gêneros. Apesar da maior parte dos estudos taxonômicos na família se concentrarem na Cadeia do Espinhaço, as áreas de restinga possuem uma grande diversidade de espécies. Este trabalho fornece o tratamento florístico das Eriocaulaceae na Reserva Natural da Vale, no Espírito Santo. Foram encontradas nove espécies, distribuídas em seis gêneros: Actinocephalus, Comanthera, Leiothrix e Tonina com um representante cada e Syngonanthus e Paepalanthus com dois e três representantes, respectivamente. São fornecidas fotografias, descrições, chave de identificação, além de comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e variação morfológica das espécies.

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Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Cássio Berg, James W. Byng, and Mark W. Chase. "(2768) Proposal to conserve Paepalanthus , nom. cons. against the additional name, Tonina ( Eriocaulaceae )." TAXON 69, no. 5 (October 2020): 1109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12333.

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Silva, Lucas Espindola Florêncio da, and Marcelo Trovó. "A família Eriocaulaceae nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Rodriguésia 65, no. 4 (December 2014): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201465405.

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No Brasil, Eriocaulaceae compreende cerca de 600 espécies distribuídas em oito gêneros. O principal centro de diversidade da família é a Cadeia do Espinhaço, onde concentram-se a maioria dos estudos taxonômicos. Entretanto, as áreas de restingas também possuem uma diversidade considerável de espécies de Eriocaulaceae. Este trabalho traz o tratamento florístico das Eriocaulaceae ocorrentes nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi registrada a ocorrência de 12 espécies, distribuídas em seis gêneros, sendo uma de Actinocephalus, duas de Comanthera, três de Leiothrix, três de Paepalanthus, duas de Syngonanthus e uma de Tonina. A maioria das espécies foi encontrada em locais arenosos, secos e com pouca vegetação ao redor. Somente uma espécie foi encontrada em local úmido e com muita vegetação. São apresentadas ilustrações, descrições, chave de identificação, além de comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e variação morfológica das espécies.

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Freitas, Hudson de Medeiros Villela, and Marcelo Trovó. "Eriocaulaceae da região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Rodriguésia 68, no. 2 (June 2017): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201768225.

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Resumo Eriocaulaceae compreende 10 gêneros e cerca de 1200 espécies distribuídas nos trópicos. A maioria destas espécies são ervas em roseta que portam inflorescência do tipo capítulo. Embora muitos estudos taxonômicos em Eriocaulaceae já tenham sido realizados na Cadeia do Espinhaço, principal centro de diversidade da família, pouco se conhece da diversidade fora dela. No estado do Rio de Janeiro, ainda são escassos os dados sobre riqueza, abundância e distribuição geográfica das espécies de Eriocaulaceae. O presente trabalho apresenta o tratamento florístico das Eriocaulaceae ocorrentes na região serrana, que representa a porção norte da Serra do Mar no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi registrada a ocorrência de oito espécies distribuídas em quatro gê neros: uma de Syngonanthus, uma de Leiothrix, uma de Tonina e cinco de Paepalanthus. São apresentadas ilustrações, descrições, chave de identificação, além de comentários sobre distribuição geográfica e variação morfológica das espécies.

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Coan, Alessandra Ike, Vera Lucia Scatena, and Ana Maria Giulietti. "Anatomia de algumas espécies aquáticas de Eriocaulaceae brasileiras." Acta Botanica Brasilica 16, no. 4 (October 2002): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062002000400001.

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Estudou-se a anatomia de raízes, caules, folhas e escapos de Eriocaulon elichrysoides, Leiothrix fluitans, Paepalanthus obtusifolius, Philodice hoffmannseggii, Syngonanthus caulescens e Tonina fluviatilis,espécies aquáticas de Eriocaulaceae que ocorrem em diferentes ecossistemas brasileiros, visando a caracterização anatômica das mesmas e também a interpretação das adaptações ao ambiente. Essas plantas caracterizam-se por apresentarem raízes com aspecto esponjoso e esbranquiçado; acúmulo de ar no córtex; epiderme unisseriada, de paredes finas; córtex externo, mediano e interno; endoderme unisseriada e periciclo unisseriado ou multisseriado. Em L. fluitans, P. obtusifolius e T. fluviatilis foram observadas raízes absorventes com aerênquima e raízes fixadoras sem aerênquima. Caules aéreos ou rizomatosos, com ou sem espessamentos causados pelo periciclo. Folhas e escapos com células epidérmicas de paredes finas, estômatos somente na face abaxial, parênquima clorofiliano frouxo, tecido de sustentação pouco desenvolvido e feixes vasculares colaterais. Essas estruturas anatômicas são típicas de plantas de ambientes úmidos ou aquáticos, e ocorrem de forma convergente em diferentes gêneros de Eriocaulaceae.

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Giulietti, Ana M., Raymond M. Harley, José Oswaldo Siqueira, and Tereza Cristina Giannini. "Eriocaulaceae in the Brazilian Amazon and the use of Species Distribution Modelling in its conservation." Rodriguésia 67, no. 4 (December 2016): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201667405.

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Abstract Following a survey in herbaria in Brazil and abroad, complemented by a survey of the literature and searches of biodiversity data, 66 taxa of Eriocaulaceae have been identified in the Brazilian Amazon, as defined by the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima. Six genera of Eriocaulaceae were found in the Amazon with the following taxon numbers: Comanthera (3 taxa), Eriocaulon (10), Paepalanthus (15), Rondonanthus (2), Syngonanthus (35) and Tonina (1). Of this total, 25 taxa present distributions in the states of the Amazon and other Brazilian states (considered as widely distributed) and the remaining 41 taxa are restricted to the Amazon Rainforest biome. The distribution data for 31 species were used for Species Distribution Modelling, due to the low number of occurrence points reported for the other taxa, 17 of those are known from a single location. The overlap of these models indicates areas from Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Roraima where modelled species are most likely to occur. These data can further contribute to the location of new populations of species of Eriocaulaceae. New detection of Eriocaulaceae species can assist in filling the gaps on their geographic distribution and ecology, contributing to the protection or restoration of priority areas set aside for their conservation.

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12

Andrino, Caroline O., Paulo T. Sano, Peter W. Inglis, Nancy Hensold, Fabiane N. Costa, and Marcelo F. Simon. "Phylogenetics of Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae), a diverse Neotropical monocot lineage." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 195, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa070.

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Abstract Paepalanthus is a diverse monocot genus with remarkable diversity distributed in the Neotropical highlands of South America. The genus comprises 410 species arranged in subgenera, sections, subsections and series. Added to this complex classification, Paepalanthus shows considerable morphological heterogeneity and includes three other genera in it, Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano, Lachnocaulon Kunth and Tonina Aubl. A broadly sampled phylogenetic inference for the genus is still missing, precluding a better understanding of its delimitation and further studies in the group. Here we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic study for Paepalanthus to date, as well as morphological survey of characters that delimit the main lineages found. We assembled a morphologically and geographically representative sampling of Paepalanthus and associated genera comprising 356 accessions in a combined dataset of plastid (trnL-F, psbA-trnH) and nuclear (ITS, ETS) regions. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. We found that Paepalanthus and 16 of its 28 infrageneric categories are not monophyletic, as well as the closely related genus Actinocephalus. Thirty-six well-supported clades are recognized. Morphological characters show high levels of homoplasy, and concepts traditionally used in the classification of Paepalanthus were found to be inconsistent. We confirmed that Paepalanthus as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic and revealed several new relationships in Eriocaulaceae. To make Paepalanthus monophyletic, the genus must be re-circumscribed. These results also provide a foundation for future investigations of the diversification and evolution of flora of the Neotropical highlands of South America.

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Valiūnaitė, Gabrielė, Donata Vaitkūnaitė, and Vija Vainutienė. "TRIUKŠMO SUKELTŲ KLAUSOS SUTRIKIMŲ ANKSTYVA DIAGNOSTIKA TAIKANT TONINĘ RIBINĘ IR YPAČ AUKŠTŲ DAŽNIŲ AUDIOMETRIJĄ." Medicinos teorija ir praktika 22, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15591/mtp.2016.020.

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Reikšminiai žodžiai: toninė ribinė audiometrija, ypač aukštų dažnių audiometrija, klausos sutrikimas, triukšmas. Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti trumpos triukšmo ekspozicijos įtaką klausos sutrikimų atsiradimui naudojant toninę ribinę ir ypač aukštų dažnių audiometriją. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo 20 studentų (tirta 40 ausų). Tiriamiesiems atliktos toninė ribinė (0,125–8 kHz) ir ypač aukštų dažnių (8–16 kHz) audiometrijos: prieš ir per 24 val. po triukšmo (110–125 dB) ekspozicijos. Atlikta anketinė apklausa iš 18 klausimų. Statistiniai skaičiavimai atlikti „Microsoft Excel“ programa. Rezultatai. Tirta 45 proc. vaikinų, 55 proc. merginų, vidutinis amžius – 23,2±1,3 metų. Ypač aukštų dažnių audiometrijos klausos slenksčių vidurkiai: prieš triukšmą 10,8 ± 14,8 dB, po triukšmo 12,6 ± 13,5 dB (p < 0,05). Daugiau nei 3 valandas triukšme praleidusių asmenų (40 proc.) ypač aukštų dažnių audiometrijos rezultatų vidurkiai: prieš triukšmą 5,4 ± 9,9 dB, po triukšmo 7,7 ± 9,4 dB, (p < 0,05). Moterims pastebėtas klausos pablogėjimas 8–16 kHz diapazone (prieš triukšmą 10,6 ± 14,9 dB, po triukšmo 13 ± 13,8 dB) (p < 0,05). Vyrų ypač aukštų dažnių klausos slenksčių vidurkiai: prieš triukšmą 11 ± 14 dB, po triukšmo 12,1 ± 13,3 dB (p > 0,05). Po triukšmo ekspozicijos 65 proc. studentų jautė subjektyvius klausos sutrikimus. Jiems 8–16 kHz dažniuose pastebėtas klausos slenksčių pakilimas (p < 0,05): prieš triukšmą 11,7 ± 16,1 dB, po triukšmo 13,5 ± 15 dB. Išvados. Ypač aukštų dažnių audiometrijos metodu nustatytas statistiškai patikimas klausos pablogėjimas po trumpos triukšmo ekspozicijos. Toninėje ribinėje audiometrijoje statistiškai patikimų klausos slenksčio pokyčių nebuvo rasta. Daugiau nei 3 valandas triukšme praleidusių asmenų klausos slenksčių pokyčio intervalai ypač aukštų dažnių diapazone yra didesni nei buvusių trumpiau. Moterims pastebimas ryškesnis klausos pablogėjimas nei vyrams. Asmenims, subjektyviai jautusiems klausos sutrikimus po triukšmo, audiometrinio tyrimo metu buvo nustatytas klausos slenksčio pakilimas.

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Ott, Sieglinde, Thomas Meier, and Hans Martin Jahns. "Development, regeneration, and parasitic interactions between the lichens Fulgensia bracteata and Toninia caeruleonigricans." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-300.

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A possible source of Trebouxia algae for lichens are the thalli of lichens that are attacked by another mycobiont that captures the algae for its own symbiotic use. Such a process is described for Fulgensia bracteata living in parasitic association with Toninia caeruleonigricans. The development of the thalli of Toninia and the parasitic attack of Fulgensia are analysed in detail. The infection of Toninia is achieved by ascospores and can be demonstrated by the presence of secondary lichen substances typical for Fulgensia, which occur in infected thalli of Toninia. Fulgensia also overgrows other lichens, but these thalli are not invaded. The special abilities of Toninia and various methods for distribution and regeneration compensate for the parasitism and the association remains stable. The ecology of the small developmental stages of Toninia and Fulgensia shows important differences. Key words: Fulgensia, Toninia, Trebouxia development, parasitism, ecology.

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Xiao, Shuhai, and Qing Tang. "After the boring billion and before the freezing millions: evolutionary patterns and innovations in the Tonian Period." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170165.

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The Tonian Period (ca. 1000–720 Ma) follows the ‘boring billion' in the Mesoproterozoic Era and precedes ‘snowball Earth' glaciations in the Cryogenian Period. It represents a critical transition in Earth history. Geochemical data indicate that the Tonian Period may have witnessed a significant increase in atmospheric pO2 levels and a major transition from predominantly sulfidic to ferruginous mid-depth seawaters. Molecular clock estimates suggest that early animals may have diverged in the Tonian Period, raising the intriguing possibility of coupled environmental changes and evolutionary innovations. The co-evolution of life and its environment during the Tonian Period can be tested against the fossil record by examining diversity trends in the Proterozoic and evolutionary innovations in the Tonian. Compilations of Proterozoic microfossils and macrofossils apparently support a Tonian increase in global taxonomic diversity and morphological range relative to the Mesoproterozoic Era, although this is not reflected in assemblage-level diversity patterns. The fossil record suggests that major eukaryote groups (including Opisthokonta, Amoebozoa, Plantae, and SAR) may have diverged and important evolutionary innovations (e.g. multicellularity and cell differentiation in several groups, eukaryovory, eukaryote biomineralization, and heterocystous cyanobacteria) may have arisen by the Tonian Period, but thus far no convincing animal fossils have been found in the Tonian. Tonian paleontology is still in its nascent stage, and it offers many opportunities to explore Earth-life evolution in this critical geological period.

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Woodley-Miller, C., J. Chao, and L. Chao. "Identification of tonin in brain and exocrine tissues and in the cell-free translation products encoded by the mRNA of these tissues." Biochemical Journal 248, no. 2 (December 1, 1987): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2480477.

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Tissue-specific expression of the esteropeptidase tonin [EC 3.4.99.-] was investigated in rat brain, submandibular gland, pancreas and kidney. Specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to purified rat tonin from the submandibular gland have been developed and characterized and have been purified via a tonin-agarose affinity column. Immunoreactive tonin was measured by a recently developed tonin direct radioimmunoassay using a rabbit tonin antiserum. Resulting tonin levels were found to be 105.27 +/- 2.71 micrograms/mg (of protein) in submandibular gland, 3.18 +/- 0.32 ng/mg in pancreas, 1.35 +/- 0.08 ng/mg in kidney and 0.12 +/- 0.01 ng/mg in brain (means +/- S.E.M.). Western-blot analysis shows that affinity-purified anti-tonin antibody binds to a 32,000-Mr protein from brain and submandibular-gland extracts. The protein, a tonin precursor, was identified from cell-free translation products directly by polyadenylated [Poly(A)+]mRNA species in a wheat-germ system. After the translation products were subjected to immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified tonin antibody, SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of these precipitates revealed two precursors of tonin, with Mr values of 30,000 and 29,000, which are encoded by brain and submandibular-gland mRNA; however, only the 30,000-Mr preprotonin was encoded by pancreas and kidney mRNA. Collectively, the data show that tonin exists in brain, submandibular gland, pancreas and kidney, and can be synthesized by the mRNA of these tissues.

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Parezo, Nancy J., and Samuel L. Gray. "Tonita Pena." Ethnohistory 40, no. 2 (1993): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482215.

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Bruntink, Rob. "Marijke Tonino." Pallium 18, no. 2 (April 2016): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12479-016-0031-8.

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Hirata, Yukio, Masahiro Tomita, Takuo Fujita, and Masao Ikeda. "Concentrations of immunoreactive tonin in submandibular glands and saliva of the rat." Acta Endocrinologica 111, no. 1 (January 1986): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1110140.

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Abstract. The submandibular gland (SMG) of the rat contains tonin, an enzyme of serine proteases, which specifically cleaves angiotensinogen and angiotensin I to yield angiotensin II directly. Using a specific RIA for rat tonin, the present study was performed to examine the concentrations of immunoreactive (IR) tonin in SMG of normal Wistar male rats with various ages, those in SMG and saliva of normal adult males and females, and also its SMG levels of castrated males and testosterone-treated females. The concentrations of IR-tonin in SMG of immature 4 week old male rats were very low but rose exponentially with increasing age to reach adult levels (3–6 μg/mg wet tissue) in male rats after 6 week old or more. SMG of the adult male rat contained 10-fold more IR-tonin than that of the female rat and male saliva contained 5-fold more IR-tonin than that of females. The concentrations of SMG IR-tonin in the castrated males fell to about one-tenth the levels of normal males, whereas SMG IR-tonin levels in the testosterone-treated females increased about ten times more than those of normal females. These data confirm the sexual dimorphism of rat SMG with respect to the concentrations of tonin and indicate that androgens play an important role in regulating the synthesis and/or storage of tonin in rat SMG. It is also suggested that tonin is secreted into saliva in concentrations reflecting its SMG levels. However, biological significance of tonin in SMG and saliva remains obscure.

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Beleškienė, Vilma, and Eugenijus Lesinskas. "Ausies trimito lazerio tuboplastikos efektyvumas gydant lėtinį sekrecinį vidurinės ausies uždegimą." Acta medica Lituanica 22, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v22i3.3200.

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Darbo tikslas. Ausies trimito tuboplastika lazeriu yra perspektyvus priežastinis lėtinių vidurinės ausies ligų gydymas. Šio darbo tikslas – įvertinti ausies trimito ryklinės angos lazerinės tuboplastikos efektyvumą lėtiniu sekreciniu vidurinės ausies uždegimu sergančių pacientų, kurie prieš tai buvo nesėkmingai gydyti operaciniu būdu. Metodika. Atliktos 47 endoskopinės lazerinės ausies trimito tuboplastikos bei timpanostomijos tiriamojoje ir 46 timpanostomijos operacijos kontrolinėje grupėse. Pacientų vidutinis pooperacinio stebėjimo laikas – 36 ± 15,67 mėnesiai. Prieš tyrimą buvo vertinami tiriamųjų ir kontrolinės grupės asmenų anamnezės duomenys, atliekama otoskopija, rinoskopija, laringoskopija, timpanometrija, toninė slenkstinė audiometrija, Valsalvos testas, nosiaryklės ir ausies trimito ryklinės angos videoendoskopija. Timpanostominiai vamzdeliai šalinami praėjus 6 mėnesiams po operacijos. Gydymo efektyvumas buvo vertinamas atliekant otoskopiją, timpanogramą, toninę slenkstinę audiogramą, Valsalvos testą, nosiaryklės videoendoskopiją. Rezultatai. Vertinant operacijos rezultatų efektyvumą objektyviai, po mėnesio pasveiko 19,1 %, pagerėjo 46,9 %, nepagerėjo 34 % pacientų. Vertinant rezultatus po 12 mėnesių, pasveikusiųjų buvo 36,2 %, būklė pagerėjo 29,8 %, o nepakito 34 % pacientų. Kontrolinėje grupėje rezultatai po mėnesio buvo panašūs (pasveiko 22,7 %, pagerėjo 52,3 %, nepagerėjo 25 %; p = 0,682), tačiau po 12 mėnesių gydymo rezultatai buvo daug blogesni (pasveiko 2,3 %, pagerėjo 38,6 %, nepagerėjo 59,1 %; p = 0,001). Koreliacija tarp videoendoskopijos pokyčių (fiksuotas spindžio atsidarymas) ir teigiamų gydymo rezultatų buvo statistiškai patikima (p = 0,000). Išvados. Ausies trimito ryklinės angos lazerinė tuboplastika yra efektyvi procedūra lėtiniu sekreciniu vidurinės ausies uždegimu sergantiems pacientams, kai endoskopiškai nustatoma ausies trimito ryklinės angos funkcinė obstrukcija.

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Shih, H. C., L. Chao, and J. Chao. "Age and hormonal dependence of tonin levels in rat submandibular gland as determined by a new direct radioimmunoassay." Biochemical Journal 238, no. 1 (August 15, 1986): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2380145.

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A simple and sensitive direct radioimmunoassay for tonin (EC.3.4.99.-) has been developed. This assay incorporates a modified and convenient poly(ethylene glycol) technique for separation of free from bound tonin. A rabbit antiserum in a final dilution of 1:160,000 was used and the purified tonin was labelled with 125I by using a lactoperoxidase method. It detects 20 pg of immunoreactive tonin per tube. Serial dilutions of rat submandibular gland extracts showed complete parallelism with tonin standard curves. No cross-reactivity with rat tissue kallikrein was seen. Intra- and inter-assay errors were 3.2 and 5.6%, respectively. Using this assay, immunoreactive tonin was detected in the rat submandibular gland as early as 3 weeks after birth (body wt. approximately 50-60 g). Tonin levels are shown to be dependent on age and sex with significantly higher levels in male than in female rats. Castration results in decrease of tonin levels and 17 alpha-methyltestosterone replacement reversed the level to higher than the sham-operated control rats. Cortisol treatment increased, but thyroxine or oestradiol had no effect, on tonin levels in the submandibular gland of castrated rats. This newly developed radioimmunoassay can now be used to measure low levels of tonin in various tissues and body fluids to address questions about its regulation and functional significance.

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RASUI, KARZAN MOHAMMED. "التنغيم وأثره الدلالي في الحوار القرآني/سورة يوسف نموذجا." Twejer 3, no. 3 (December 2020): 651–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2033.17.

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This research aims at toning and its semantic effect on the Qur’anic dialogue / Surat Yusuf. The ancient rhetoricians took great care of toning, just as it was of great importance in modern studies when they called it “toning”. And the effect of that on the recipient on the other hand. The research attempted to examine all these questions implicitly and procedurally at the level of theory and practice as it could, and in the field of the analytical procedure, it tried to find applications of the multiple meanings included in the term “toning” in Surat Yusuf, peace be upon him in particular, using all available methods You can clarify the idea, analyze it and reach important research results.

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Halverson, Galen P., Susannah M. Porter, and Timothy M. Gibson. "Dating the late Proterozoic stratigraphic record." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (July 13, 2018): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170167.

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The Tonian and Cryogenian periods (ca. 1000–635.5 Ma) witnessed important biological and climatic events, including diversification of eukaryotes, the rise of algae as primary producers, the origin of Metazoa, and a pair of Snowball Earth glaciations. The Tonian and Cryogenian will also be the next periods in the geological time scale to be formally defined. Time-calibrating this interval is essential for properly ordering and interpreting these events and establishing and testing hypotheses for paleoenvironmental change. Here, we briefly review the methods by which the Proterozoic time scale is dated and provide an up-to-date compilation of age constraints on key fossil first and last appearances, geological events, and horizons during the Tonian and Cryogenian periods. We also develop a new age model for a ca. 819–740 Ma composite section in Svalbard, which is unusually complete and contains a rich Tonian fossil archive. This model provides useful preliminary age estimates for the Tonian succession in Svalbard and distinct carbon isotope anomalies that can be globally correlated and used as an indirect dating tool.

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STUCHLAK, PAMELA. "Toning the Temple." Journal of Christian Nursing 9, no. 3 (1992): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005217-199209030-00007.

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Kaur, Jasleen, and Tanreet Kaur. "A prospective, randomised, split-face comparative study of 50% glycolic acid peel versus laser toning in the treatment of melasma in Asian skin." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 6, no. 3 (April 21, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20201583.

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Background: Although various treatment options are available for the management of melasma, still it is challenging disorder to treat. Apart from topical therapies, newer modalities like laser toning and chemical peeling are being explored to manage this notorious dermatosis. To evaluate and compare the efficacy and side effects of laser toning versus 50% glycolic acid peel in the management of melasma.Methods: A split face comparative study was done in 30 female patients with melasma. Over the right half of patient’s face laser toning was done whereas other half was treated with 50% glycolic acid peel. 4 such sessions were given at an interval of 15 days. Response to treatment was assessed using melasma area and severity index (MASI) score.Results: Baseline mean MASI score on right and left half of patient’s face was 7.85±3.34 and 6.25±1.56 respectively. After completion of 4 treatment sessions, it was reduced to 4.23±1.45 and 3.71±1.10 respectively with statistically insignificant difference between two halves (p=0.08). Recurrence rate of melasma was higher (46.66%) with laser toning in comparison to glycolic acid peel (26.6% patients).Conclusions: Glycolic acid peel and laser toning were comparable in terms of outcome with laser toning showing slightly better results. In comparison to peels recurrence rate and complications like hypopigmentation in Asian patients were higher with laser toning.

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Prádanos, Luis I. "Reseña de Arte y Ecología // Book Review of review of Arte y Ecología." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2016.7.1.999.

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Rupil, Gabriel, Lupércio Barbosa, Milton César Marcondes, Barbara Maichak de Carvalho, and Ana Paula Farro. "Dieta da toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) na costa norte do Espírito Santo, Brasil." Biotemas 32, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2019v32n2p87.

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A toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei) é considerada a espécie de golfinho mais ameaçada da costa do Brasil. As populações de toninha que ocorrem no litoral norte do estado do Espírito Santo constituem populações isoladas, separadas por um hiato geográfico das demais populações. Da mesma forma, não há informações sobre hábitos alimentares de golfinhos franciscanos na área de estudo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever a dieta da toninha na costa norte do Espírito Santo. Foram analisados 18 conteúdos estomacais de carcaças encalhadas no período de janeiro/2012 a março/2015. Foram contabilizados os itens da dieta identificados e calculadas a frequência de ocorrência e a abundância relativa das presas. São apresentados novos registros de presas para a espécie. A presa mais comum encontrada na dieta da toninha foi Isopisthus parvipinnins. Assim como em outras localidades, a família Sciaenidae foi o grupo mais importante na dieta de Pontoporia blainvillei no Espírito Santo, seguida por presas pelágicas da ordem Clupeiformes.

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Tridane, M., I. Fahim, S. Benmokhtar, and S. Belaaouad. "Structural modifications from NiNa₃P₃O₁₀•12H₂O toNiNa₃P₃O₁₀ new triphosphate during dehydration process." Phosphorus Research Bulletin 30 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3363/prb.30.1.

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Miao, Congcong, Meijie Sun, Xiao Zhang, Zhaojie Ren, and Ling Hu. "New records of Toninia from China." Mycotaxon 135, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/135.569.

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Four Toninia taxa (T. albilabra, T. poeltii, T. tristis subsp. Arizonica, and T. tristis subsp. fujikawae) are reported for the first time from China. Descriptions with morphological and chemical characters and known distribution are given for each taxon. A key to the species of Toninia s.l. in China is also provided.

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Borges, Júlio César, JoséAntônio Silva, Maria Aparecida Gomes, Eliane Sa Lopes Lomez, Katia Moraes Leite, Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo, Michael Bader, João Bosco Pesquero, and Jorge Luiz Pesquero. "Tonin in rat heart with experimental hypertrophy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): H2263—H2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00416.2002.

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The present study was undertaken to determine tonin expression and activity in rat heart presenting isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy. Renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensinogen (AG) expression were also determined. Wistar rats were treated with isoproterenol for 7 days (5 mg · kg−1 · day−1sc). For untreated animals, the levels of tonin-specific activity in the atrium were 2.6- and 5.5-fold higher than those of the left and right ventricle, respectively. After treatment, the levels of tonin-specific activity increased twofold in the atrium but did not change in the ventricles. Renin expression was not detectable in these structures, and ACE expression levels did not change with treatment. AG expression was detected in the left ventricle at very low levels compared with the atrium and increased significantly only in the hypertrophied atrium (1.8-fold). Tonin mRNA was not detected in the ventricle but was found at low levels in the atrium, which increased after isoproterenol treatment. Our results permit us to conclude that tonin may play a role in the process of heart hypertrophy in the rat.

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Tonkinson, John, L. "Nitrocellulose: a tried and true polymer finds utility as a post-genomic substrate." Frontiers in Bioscience 7, no. 1-3 (2002): c1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/tonkins.

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Maitra, S. R., O. A. Carretero, S. W. Smith, and S. F. Rabito. "Role of calcium and calmodulin in release of kallikrein and tonin from rat submandibular gland." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 250, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): C480—C485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.250.3.c480.

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We investigated the role of calcium and calmodulin as intracellular mediators of kallikrein and tonin release induced by norepinephrine (NE). We studied the secretion rate of kallikrein and tonin from submandibular gland of rat in response to NE in the presence or absence of calcium, two calcium blockers, and four different calmodulin antagonists. Submandibular gland slices were incubated in vitro, and glandular kallikrein and tonin secreted into the incubation medium were determined by direct radioimmunoassays and expressed as nanograms per minute per milligram tissue. NE (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) increased the kallikrein secretion from the control value of 8.2 +/- 2.6 to 134.9 +/- 41.4 (P less than 0.05) and to 191.2 +/- 62.7 (P less than 0.05), and the release of tonin from a basal rate of 3.5 +/- 0.6 to 51.5 +/- 9.1 (P less than 0.05) and to 64.4 +/- 13.7 (P less than 0.05). The deletion of calcium and addition of EGTA into the incubation medium significantly attenuated the secretion of kallikrein and tonin induced by NE. Nifedipine, at concentrations which inhibit voltage-dependent calcium channels, did not affect the release of kallikrein and tonin, and only a high concentration (10(-4) M) reduced the release. TMB-8, a blocker of intracellular calcium, had no effect either. Phenothiazines, triflupromazine (10(-6) M) and trifluoperazine (10(-4) M), decreased significantly the kallikrein release elicited by 10(-5) M NE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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33

Stamford, Bryant. "Toning the Upper Arms." Physician and Sportsmedicine 27, no. 9 (September 1999): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.1999.09.1011.

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Shah, SwapnilD, and SanjeevJ Aurangabadkar. "Laser toning in melasma." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 12, no. 2 (2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcas.jcas_179_18.

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Triberio, Giovanna. "Ricordo di Tonino Marù." QUADERNI DI GESTALT, no. 2 (December 2020): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gest2020-002010.

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&NA;. "Toning Down Back Care." Back Letter 19, no. 6 (June 2004): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-200419060-00002.

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Bressani, Martin. "Interview with Tonino Griffero." Journal of Architectural Education 73, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.2019.1560803.

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Townshend, Piers. "Toning with ‘paper extract’." Paper Conservator 26, no. 1 (January 2002): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03094227.2002.9638619.

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Keff, Bożena. "Jak się zostawało komunistką, czyli "Tonia i jej dzieci" Marcela Łozińskiego." Studia Litteraria et Historica, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/slh.2012.002.

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How I became a communist. About Marcel Łoziński movie "Tonia and her children"Marcel Łoziński's documentary “Tonia and her children” is a long-form interview with children of Tonia Lechtman – a communist, Jewess, and victim of Stalin's persecutions, born in 1916. Daughter and son of Lechtnam tell about their mother's life from their own perspective. They try to understand her, but they also express their regret, that she spent too much time being envolved in politics, while exposing them to solitude and suffering. Bożena Keff makes a review of Łoziński's movie as a political statement about the stereotype of “Żydokomuna”, and as a psychological portrait of two adult people – their mutual relationship, their expectations for parents, their convictions about gender and family roles. Jak się zostawało komunistką, czyli "Tonia i jej dzieci" Marcela ŁozińskiegoFilm dokumentalny “Tonia i jej dzieci” Marcela Łozińskiego to wywiad-rzeka z dziećmi Toni Lechtman – urodzonej w 1916 roku komunistki, Żydówki, po wojnie ofiary stalinowskich prześladowań. Córka i syn Lechtman opowiadają o życiu matki z własnej perspektywy. Próbują ją zrozumieć, ale także wyrażają wobec niej żal, że zbyt dużo czasu poświęcała politycznemu zaangażowaniu narażając ich na samotność i cierpienie. Bożena Keff recenzuje film Łozińskiego jako polityczną wypowiedź o stereotypie “żydokomuny” oraz jako psychologiczny portret dwójki dojrzałych ludzi – ich wzajemnych relacji, ich oczekiwań wobec rodziców, ich przekonań na temat ról genderowych i rodzinnych.

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Riquelme, Francisco, Martha Cuevas-García, Jesús Alvarado-Ortega, Shannon Taylor, José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil, Carlos Linares-López, Manuel Aguilar-Franco, and Juan Yadeun-Angulo. "New Insights into Ancient Maya Building Materials: Characterization of Mortar, Plaster, and Coquina Flagstones from Toniná." MRS Proceedings 1374 (2012): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1385.

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ABSTRACTThis work shows current research on lithic raw material used by the ancient Maya of Toniná. The core of the city of Toniná lies on a steep-sided hill of calcareous sandstones from the shallow marine deposits dated as Oligocene, in the Chiapas Highlands of Southern Mexico. Results of paleontological fieldwork in Toniná show several biostrome sediments mound-like with tabular bafflestones and large coquina flagstones, which are sheet-like rocks enriched with fossil mollusk shells, corals, encrusted organisms, and calcareous debris. The people of Toniná intentionally selected and carved these rocks for use as building blocks and bricks on floors, walls, and stairways. At least two coquina flagstones measuring about 1.90 m long were identified in an archeological context most likely associated with carved stelae. Also non-marine carbonate rocks such as a crudely banded travertine and spongy calcareous tufa from recent sediments of freshwater environments surrounding Toniná were used by the Maya as a raw material on walls, columns, reliefs and murals base.Results of the chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological analysis on plaster and bedding mortars from the walls of Toniná display a slightly interbedded lime of sparry calcite cemented in a highly porous groundmass with silt-to pebble-size of calcareous and siliciclastic rock-crushed aggregates, sand, and soil remains. Lime fabric reveals enclosing quartz grains, granular calcite crystals, and carbonaceous inclusions which may suggest that the lime has been made from a burnt grain-rich limestone with fibrous cement and porous microfabric. WDX analysis in lime lumps of plaster reveal an average amount of 1.37 wt% MgO associated with a limestone source ranging from regular to a magnesium-enriched limestone (1 to 2 wt %). XRF detect a strontium-rich level in the calcite matrix of plaster which is as high as that of fossil shells, tufa, and coquina. Finally, XRD shows that the mean amount of calcite in plaster is 95 wt% and lower amount (2-2.5w%) of siliciclastic minerals: quartz and albite. In contrast, calcite in mortar ranges less than 90.1 wt%. The concentrations of non-carbonate minerals, such as quartz and albite, are higher than those in plaster because mortar incorporates more siliciclastic rock remains, sand and clay.

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Vita, Joseph A., and John F. Keaney. "Exercise — Toning up the Endothelium?" New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 7 (February 17, 2000): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200002173420710.

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Buchanan, John W. "Special Effects with Half-Toning." Computer Graphics Forum 15, no. 3 (August 1996): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1530097.

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Zeggel, Thomas, and Olof Bryngdahl. "Gradient-controlled iterative half-toning." Applied Optics 36, no. 2 (January 10, 1997): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.000423.

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Anastassiou, D., and S. Kollias. "Progressive half-toning of images." Electronics Letters 24, no. 8 (1988): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19880332.

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Wellons, Tonia. "Affirmative Action Is Still an Effective and Necessary Tool." Contexts 18, no. 1 (February 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504219830685.

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Garellek, Marc, and Marija Tabain. "Tongan." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100318000397.

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Tongan (lea fakatonga, ISO 639-3 code ton) is a Polynesian language spoken mainly in Tonga, where it is one of two official languages (with English). There are about 104,000 speakers of the language in Tonga, with nearly 80,000 additional speakers elsewhere (Simons & Fennig 2017). It is most closely related to Niuean, and more distantly related to West Polynesian languages (such as Tokelauan and Samoan) and East Polynesian languages (such as Hawaiian, Māori, and Tahitian). Previous work on the phonetics and phonology of Tongan includes a general grammar (Churchward 1953), a dissertation with a grammatical overview (Taumoefolau 1998), a phonological sketch of the language (Feldman 1978), two dictionaries (Churchward 1959, Tu‘inukuafe 1992), journal and working papers on stress (Taumoefolau 2002, Garellek & White 2015), intonation (Kuo & Vicenik 2012), as well as the ‘definitive accent’ (discussed below) and the phonological status of identical vowel sequences (Poser 1985; Condax 1989; Schütz 2001; Anderson & Otsuka 2003, 2006; Garellek & White 2010; Ahn 2016; Zuraw 2018). This illustration is meant to provide an overview of the phonetic structures of the language, and includes novel acoustic data on its three-way word-initial laryngeal contrasts, which are cross-linguistically rare. The recordings accompanying this illustration come from Veiongo Hehepoto, a native speaker of Tongan currently living in Melbourne, Australia. Ms. Veiongo was born in 1950 on the island of Vava‘u (northern Tonga), but grew up and was educated in the capital city Nuku‘alofa on Tongatapu (see Figure 1). She moved to Vanuatu when she was 16 years old, and when she was 21 moved to Australia where she trained as a nurse. She continues to speak Tongan every day with family members (including children, who were born in Australia) and friends.

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Best, John R., Bryan K. Chiu, Chun Liang Hsu, Lindsay S. Nagamatsu, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose. "Long-Term Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Cognition and Brain Volume in Older Women: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 10 (November 2015): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715000673.

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AbstractAerobic exercise training has been shown to attenuate cognitive decline and reduce brain atrophy with advancing age. The extent to which resistance exercise training improves cognition and prevents brain atrophy is less known, and few studies include long-term follow-up cognitive and neuroimaging assessments. We report data from a randomized controlled trial of 155 older women, who engaged in 52 weeks of resistance training (either once- or twice-weekly) or balance-and-toning (twice-weekly). Executive functioning and memory were assessed at baseline, 1-year follow-up (i.e., immediately post-intervention), and 2-year follow-up. A subset underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scans at those time points. At 2-year follow-up, both frequencies of resistance training promoted executive function compared to balance-and-toning (standardized difference [d]=.31–.48). Additionally, twice-weekly resistance training promoted memory (d=.45), reduced cortical white matter atrophy (d=.45), and increased peak muscle power (d=.27) at 2-year follow-up relative to balance-and-toning. These effects were independent of one another. These findings suggest resistance training may have a long-term impact on cognition and white matter volume in older women. (JINS, 2015,21, 745–756)

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Cohen, Phoebe A., and Leigh Anne Riedman. "It's a protist-eat-protist world: recalcitrance, predation, and evolution in the Tonian–Cryogenian ocean." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170145.

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Predation, and how organisms respond to it, is an important ecological interaction across the tree of life. Much of our understanding of predation focuses on modern metazoa. However, predation is equally important in single-celled eukaryotes (commonly referred to as protists). In the fossil record, we see evidence of protists preying on other protists beginning in the Tonian Period (1000–720 Ma). In addition, the first evidence of eukaryotic biomineralization and the appearance of multiple unmineralized but recalcitrant forms are also seen in the Tonian and Cryogenian (720–635 Ma), potentially indirect evidence of predation. This fossil evidence, coupled with molecular clock analyses, is coincident with multiple metrics that show an increase in the diversity of eukaryotic clades and fossil assemblages. Predation, thus, may have played a critical role in the diversification of eukaryotes and the evolution of protistan armor in the Neoproterozoic Era. Here, we review the current understanding of predation in the Tonian and Cryogenian oceans as viewed through the fossil record, and discuss how the rise of eukaryotic predation upon other eukaryotes (eukaryovory) may have played a role in major evolutionary transitions including the origins of biomineralization.

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Ompusunggu, Dian Syafitri, Benito Heru Purwanto, Cahyo Wulandari, and Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami. "Effect of salted fish waste and cow manure on NPK availability and uptake of lowland rice on peat soil in Pelalawan Riau." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.47281.

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The low yield of rice in thick peat can be overcome by provisioning complete nutrients. Various efforts have been made to increase the productivity of Indonesian peatlands, one of which is by adding salted fish waste and cow manure. This research was carried out on a plastic house scale from October 2017 to January 15, 2018, in Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau. This research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of eight treatments, namely L0 = Control, L1 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L2 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L3 = 7 tons/ha of cow manure, L4 = 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L5 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L6 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L7 = 2. 25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, and L8 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure. The results showed that the application of cow manure and salted fish waste could increase soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake. The application of 2.25 tons/ha of fish waste and 15 tons/ha of cow manure resulted the best results in soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake, therefore it is recommended for the cultivation of lowland rice on peat soil.

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Lazure, C., R. Leduc, N. G. Seidah, G. Thibault, J. Genest, and M. Chrétien. "The complete amino acid sequence of rat submaxillary gland tonin does contain the aspartic acid at the active site: confirmation by protein sequence analyses." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 65, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o87-042.

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The revised amino acid sequence of rat submaxillary gland tonin, a serine protease, does contain the active site Asp residue. The active site of this kallikrein-related enzyme is thus made up of the same catalytic triad (Asp, Ser, and His) found in all known serine proteases. The important Asp residue has now been localized in a 16 amino acid peptide previously reported as missing in the tonin sequence. The complete amino acid sequence thus contains 235 residues corresponding to a molecular weight of 25 658, more in agreement with previously reported molecular weights. Moreover, the revised structure led (a) to the assignment of Arg, Asn, and Val residues instead of His, Asp, and Gly at positions 63, 165, and 169, respectively; (b) to the assignment of residues occupying an overlapping sequence at positions 165–171, and finally (c) to the localization of two N-glycosylation sites at positions 82 and 165. These results further document the close relationship of tonin to the ever expanding kallikrein family.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tonina'

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