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Journal articles on the topic 'Tonsillar grading'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Mehwish, Ayesha, Yasmeen Mahar, Samia Khalid, Rida Rubab, Mariya Azam Khattak, and Sahal Salman. "Relationship of Brodsky Tonsillar Grading in Adults with Age, Gender, and Anthropometric Measurements." Annals of Jinnah Sindh Medical University 8, no. 1 (2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.3-8.

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Objective: To determine the association of Brodsky Tonsillar Grading with age, gender, body mass index, and neck circumference in adults Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi from January to July 2020. A total of 54 adults with tonsillar hypertrophy were included. History and demographic details of each subject were noted. Both right and left tonsil sizes were graded using Brodsky Grading. Height, weight, and neck circumference was measured. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23.0. Results: Age was associated significantl

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2

Kuskonmaz, Can Serif, Giovanni Bruno, Maria Lavinia Bartolucci, Michele Basilicata, Antonio Gracco, and Alberto De Stefani. "Correlation between Malocclusions, Tonsillar Grading and Mallampati Modified Scale: A Retrospective Observational Study." Children 10, no. 6 (2023): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10061061.

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Aim: to investigate the correlation between growth tendency and different patient malocclusion, tonsillar grading, and tongue size (Mallampati index). Materials and Methods: The sample is composed of 64 males and 40 females; patients aged between 6 and 16 years (median age 11 years, IQR 9–13) were included. The final sample is therefore 104 patients. After the first orthodontic visit, all the children underwent a collection of documentation (photographs, digital arch models, and X-rays). Patients were classified according to their malocclusion, palatal conformation, tonsillar grading, and Mall

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3

Ng, Siu Kwan, Dennis Lip Yen Lee, Albert Martin Li, Yun Kwok Wing, and Michael Chi Fai Tong. "Reproducibility of Clinical Grading of Tonsillar Size." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 136, no. 2 (2010): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2009.170.

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4

Montgomery-Downs, Hawley E., Hassan H. Ramadan, Heather C. Clawges, Amanda L. McBean, Salvatore P. Insana, and Eleanor E. Santy. "Digital oral photography for pediatric tonsillar hypertrophy grading." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 75, no. 6 (2011): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.022.

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5

Hubballi, Ravi Kishore, Shyam Sundar Nayaka G. S., and Shruthi Manohar Koujalagi. "Clinical correlation between tonsillar hypertrophy and tonsillitis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 1 (2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20195703.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tonsillar hypertrophy is a common clinical condition seen by an otorhinolaryngologist. Tonsils undergo hypertrophy due to recurrent infection or as a part of generalized lymphoid hypertrophy. The aim of this study is to clinically correlate the association between tonsillar hypertrophy and acute/chronic tonsillitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 100 patients attending the Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Department at Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka with complaints o

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Yasan, Hasan, Giray Aynali, Oğuz Erdoğan, and Murat Yariktaş. "Does subjective tonsillar grading reflect the real volume of palatine tonsils?" International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 75, no. 5 (2011): 618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.01.030.

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7

Nemade, Sanjana V., and Lakshmikant B. Yadav. "Clinical and histopathological correlation in patients with chronic tonsillitis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, no. 3 (2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20220475.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic tonsillitis is diagnosed when an individual has 7 episodes of tonsillitis in 1 year, 5 episodes in 2 consecutive years, or 3 episodes each year for 3 years consecutively. There is correlation of clinical and histopathological findings in patients with chronic tonsillitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is prospective study which is aimed at correlation of clinical and histopathological findings in chronic tonsillitis patients underwent tonsillectomy. This was carried out in t

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Patel, Neha A., Kristen Carlin, and Joseph M. Bernstein. "Pediatric airway study: Endoscopic grading system for quantifying tonsillar size in comparison to standard adenotonsillar grading systems." American Journal of Otolaryngology 39, no. 1 (2018): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2017.10.013.

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Chettri, M. N., S. K. Jayagandhi, Y. Konyak, P. Sobita, M. M. Singh, and A. M. Singh. "Haemostasis and analgesia with autologous platelet-rich plasma in tonsillectomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 133, no. 7 (2019): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215119001488.

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AbstractObjectiveA single-centre, single-blinded prospective experimental study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma applied to the tonsillar bed post-operatively in reducing post-operative pain and haemorrhage.MethodsPlatelet-rich plasma, prepared prior to surgery, was applied with calcium gluconate to one randomly chosen tonsillar fossa. Pain and haemorrhage were analysed, using a visual analogue scale and a pre-defined grading scale respectively, four times on the day of surgery at 2-hourly intervals, and thrice on the following day.ResultsThe pain

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Adekanye, AG, K. Akaba, ANU Umana, RB Mgbe, PM Francis, and J. Okoi-Obuli. "Demographics of Tonsillar Hypertrophy among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Calabar." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 26, no. 7 (2023): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_59_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disorder, with Africa bearing the highest burden. In this cohort study, sickle cell subjects are immunocompromised and predisposed to recurrent infections and tonsillar hypertrophy, especially in children. Subsequently, tonsillar hypertrophy leads to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) with resulting hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis, raising the risk of HbS polymerization and, consequently, vaso-occlusive phenomena and other complications. Aims: This study aimed to compare tonsillar hypertrophy between sickle cell patie

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K., Venkatesha B., Yogeesha B. S., and Asha M. "Clinical grading of tonsils: does it truly represent total tonsil volume in patients with recurrent tonsillitis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 2 (2017): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20170444.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tonsils undergo hypertrophy due to recurrent infection or as a part of generalized lymphoid hypertrophy. There is a good correlation between clinical tonsil grade and objective tonsil volume in adult snorers and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.Relationship between clinical grading, oropharyngeal tonsil volume and total tonsil volume has been investigated in OSA patients but a very few in recurrent tonsillitis patients<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</st

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Mehwish, Ayesha, Ambreen Usmani, Fatima Rehman, Maryam Faiz Qureshi, Mariya Azam Khattak, and Saneed Khaliq. "Usage of Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Modified Mallampati Scoring and Brodsky Grading in Adults with Hypertrophic Palatine Tonsils and Sleep Disordered Breathing." Journal of Aziz Fatimah Medical & Dental College 5, no. 2 (2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55279/jafmdc.v5i2.235.

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Objective: We aimed to determine the correlation of Modified Mallampati scoring and Brodsky tonsillar grading as indicative factor for sleep disordered breathing by using an Epworth sleepiness scale in patients with hypertrophic tonsils.Methodology: Data for this prospective cross-sectional analytical study was collected at an ENT Department of PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi between January to July 2021. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. After taking informed consent, a subject evaluation proforma was filled which involved detailed personal history of the selected subjects

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Kadu, Abhijeet, Balakrishnan Jayan, Gaurav Pratap Singh, Neetu Kadu, and Uday R. Kamat. "Correlation of Tonsillar Grading, Adenoid Grading, and Combined Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy with Various Inter- and Intra-arch Dental Parameters: An Early Predictor for Pediatric Sleep Apnea." Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine 17, no. 3 (2022): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0104.

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14

Lee, Jaeyoon, Soon Il Yoo, Min Hyeong Lee, Do Hyun Kim, and Sung Won Kim. "Assessment of Friedman Classification by Measuring Actual Tonsil Size During Surgery." Journal of Rhinology 27, no. 2 (2020): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18787/jr.2020.00335.

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Background and Objectives: Adenotonsillar enlargement is a common cause of pediatric illnesses, including obstructive respiratory disease and recurrent airway infection. The current tonsil grading systems evaluate tonsil size, but the correlation with actual tonsillar size in a clinical setting has not been established.Materials and Method: Between May and July of 2018, we recruited 31 children who underwent adenotonsillectomy with no major craniofacial abnormalities. The actual size of the palatine tonsils, the long (L1) and short (S1) axes of the tonsil beyond the anterior pillar, and the re

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Yilmaz, Adem, Ayhan Kanat, Ahmet Murat Musluman, et al. "When Is Duraplasty Required in the Surgical Treatment of Chiari Malformation Type I Based on Tonsillar Descending Grading Scale?" World Neurosurgery 75, no. 2 (2011): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2010.09.005.

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Rodríguez-Hernández, Ana, Helen Kim, Tony Pourmohamad, William L. Young, and Michael T. Lawton. "Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformations." Neurosurgery 71, no. 6 (2012): 1111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318271c081.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Anatomic diversity among cerebellar arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) calls for a classification that is intuitive and surgically informative. Selection tools like the Spetzler-Martin grading system are designed to work best with cerebral AVMs but have shortcomings with cerebellar AVMs. OBJECTIVE: To define subtypes of cerebellar AVMs that clarify anatomy and surgical management, to determine results according to subtypes, and to compare predictive accuracies of the Spetzler-Martin and supplementary systems. METHODS: From a consecutive surgical series of 500 patients, 60

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Hassan, Mohammed Ali, Ali Auda Hussein, Ali Hamza Abdaljabbar, and Taha Yaseen Ehab. "The frequency of otitis media with effusion in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 1 (2023): 010–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8327664.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common pediatric health problems especially among young children. It is a condition characterized by accumulation of non-purulent fluid in the middle ear cleft. It may cause serious morbidity to the patient as hearing loss and delayed speech and language development. <strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the frequency of OME in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and to assess the effect of adenotonsillar hypertrophy as an etiological factor. <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This is a clini

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18

Ashok Kumar Pushkar, Rakesh Kumar Nagar, Prabhakar Vardhan, et al. "Efficacy of Tonsenorm Compound in the management of Tundikeri with special reference to Chronic Tonsillitis in Children." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 8, no. 8 (2023): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.8.8.

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Introduction: Tonsillitis is one of the most common infectious conditions in the paediatric age group. Symptoms such as pain or tenderness in the throat, fever, tonsillar swelling with a white or yellow coating, painful blisters or ulcers on the throat, headache, loss of appetite, ear pain, trouble swallowing, bad breath, a scratchy or muffled voice, and a stiff neck mentioned in this disease. Ayurveda addresses the problem of Tundikeri, similar to chronic tonsillitis with internal medicines and external therapies. Tonsenorm compound is such a herbomineral formulation formulated with extract a

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Ducatman, Barbara S. "The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 142, no. 6 (2018): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0083-ra.

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Context.— Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPC), particularly those cancers developing in tonsillar tissue. Objectives.— To review the prevalence, subtypes, and methods of detecting HPV in OPC and to review the epidemiology, histology, staging, management, and prevention of these cancers. Data Sources.— The study comprised a review of the literature. Conclusions.— The incidence of HPV-OPC is rising globally and in the United States, but rates of HPV-positivity vary with the anatomic site(s) and the population studied, as wel

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MR, Kumar, Vignesh S, Babu NM, Balakrishnan A, and Ram SSP. "Efficacy of coblation assisted surgery in obstructive sleep apnea with obstruction at the retropalatal level." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 1 (2023): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2023.034.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep disorder caused by abnormalities in the pharynx and upper airway muscles. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is the commonly indicated surgical procedure for the management of OSA. Recent studies state that coblation assisted UPPP can improve the outcomes of OSA. : To study the efficacy of coblation assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with isolated obstruction at the retropalatal level. This prospective before-after analysis was conducted in Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital and Government Roy

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Hassan Mohammed Ali, Hussein Ali Auda, Abdaljabbar Ali Hamza, and Ehab Taha Yaseen. "The frequency of otitis media with effusion in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 1 (2023): 010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.15.1.0258.

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Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common pediatric health problems especially among young children. It is a condition characterized by accumulation of non-purulent fluid in the middle ear cleft. It may cause serious morbidity to the patient as hearing loss and delayed speech and language development. Objectives: To study the frequency of OME in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and to assess the effect of adenotonsillar hypertrophy as an etiological factor. Patients and Methods: This is a clinical observational case-based study was done during the period from

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Jadhav, Akshay, and Poornima N. "AYURVEDIC CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ADENOTONSILLAR ENLARGEMENT (KANTHA SHALUKA AND TUNDIKERI): A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 16, no. 1 (2025): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1612.

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Adenoid and tonsils are lymphatic tissue that form the part of the waldeyers ring. Whenever there are viral or bacterial infections or allergens lymphatic tissue traps them. It provides local immunity and acts as the first line of defense mechanism for the aero-digestive tract. Adenotonsilitis is the inflammation of the adenoid and tonsils. Produces symptoms such as nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, snoring, mouth breathing, difficulty in swallowing, sore throat, recurrent ear infections, and otalgia, if left untreated, it can cause serious complications such as adenoid facies, sleep apnea,

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Wahba, Ashraf, Khaled Abdelaal, Ayman Yehia, et al. "Variations in Polysomnographic Indices of Obstructive Sleep Apnea following Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy Excision: Is the Difference Significant?" Medicina 58, no. 5 (2022): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050573.

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Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related respiratory disorder that affects between 5% and 20% of the population. In obstructive sleep apnea, lingual tonsillar hypertrophy (LTH) has been suggested as a contributing factor to airway blockage. Objectives: The aim of this work is to demonstrate the polysomnographic indices and their values in OSA patients with LTH before and after the surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on eighteen patients endoscopically diagnosed as having LTH, with the main complaints being snoring, sleep apne

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Wang, W., F. Ding, M. Satoh, and C. Kushida. "0688 Evaluation Of A Novel Nasal Airway Stent For Snoring And OSA Treatment By Prospective Japanese Patients." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A262—A263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.684.

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Abstract Introduction This cross-sectional study evaluated a novel nasal airway stent (NAS) in the form of a single-use, disposable device (naśtent® classic, Seven Dreamers Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), which represents a significant advancement in NAS technology for the treatment of OSA. Methods 1353 individuals whom were interested in NAS treatment for their snoring and/or OSA were enrolled in this study conducted in different districts in Tokyo, Japan from 8/21/2015 to 3/7/2016. A total of 1335 participants with complete data were included in the final dataset. Collected data included

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Sugrue, Patrick A., Patrick C. Hsieh, Christopher C. Getch, and H. Hunt Batjer. "Acute symptomatic cerebellar tonsillar herniation following intraoperative lumbar drainage." Journal of Neurosurgery 110, no. 4 (2009): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.5.17568.

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Complications of tonsillar herniation associated with lumbar drainage have been reported in the literature. However, acutely symptomatic tonsillar herniation after intraoperative lumbar drainage is rare. The following case illustrates the risk associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in the setting of tonsillar herniation. The use of lumbar drainage during cranial surgery is a common practice for reducing intracranial pressure and enhancing exposure, but is not without complications. In addition to the complications of the insertion procedure itself, the change in pressure gradient b

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Thellin, Olivier, Bernard Coumans, Willy Zorzi, et al. "Expression of Growth Hormone Receptors by Lymphocyte subpopulations in the Human tonsil." Developmental Immunology 6, no. 3-4 (1998): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/85209.

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The ability of human tonsillar lymphoid cells to express growth hormone receptor (hGH-N-R) was analyzed by flow cytometry. FITC-coupled recombinant human growth hormone (hGH-N) was used to reveal the receptors, in combination with phenotype markers.Unlike T cells, tonsillar B cells constitutively express the hGH-N receptor. Quiescent cells separated from activated cells by Percoll-gradient centrifugation bear fewer receptors than activated ones. Activated T cells express hGH-N-R, but the typical germinal centre CD4+CD57+T cells do not. These latter thus appear not to be fully activated.Inside

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Peng, Xiaofei, Tao Yang, Liyu He та ін. "Impact of GADD34 on Apoptosis of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells from IgA Nephropathy Patients by Regulating Eif2α Phosphorylation". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 50, № 6 (2018): 2203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495061.

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Background/Aims: Tonsillectomy may be an important method to achieve a long-term remission of IgAN, but patients’ physical status may limit their access to this surgery. We proposed an encouraging solution through inhibiting GADD34 expression in order to promote tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) apoptosis and reduce nephropathic IgA secretion. Methods: A total of 12 IgAN and 9 non-IgAN patients were involved from March 2015 to May 2016. After TMCs were extracted by density gradient centrifugation and stimulated by inactivated hemolytic streptococcus, the mRNA and protein expression of GADD34,

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Singh, Anoop Kumar, and Gayatri Kumari. "Interscapular pain with Chiari Type I malformation attributed to atypical spinal accessory neuralgia." Surgical Neurology International 12 (May 17, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_67_2021.

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Background: The spinal accessory nerve (XI) is traditionally considered a motor nerve. However, as some studies have documented the presence of nociceptive fibers in XI, vascular XI neural compression may lead to an atypical neuralgia. Case Description: A 27-year-old male presented with a Chiari Type I malformation contributing to interscapular pain. Following a posterior fossa and microvascular decompression of XI, the patient improved, thus confirming the underlying diagnosis of a XI atypical neuralgia. Conclusion: Unilateral, posterior-interscapular deep pain may be due to an atypical spina

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Abeykoon, Jithma P., Paul J. Hampel, Rebecca L. King, et al. "The Expression of Chromosome Region Maintenance Protein 1 (CRM1) in Large Cell Lymphoma." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138628.

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Introduction Due to the higher metabolic demand, malignant cells have an increased dependency on the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of proteins, as compared to normal cells. Chromosome region maintenance protein 1 (CRM1), encoded by the XPO1 gene, is the main protein receptor which facilitates export of molecules, including tumor suppressor proteins, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm thereby making them inactive. Expression of CRM1 in tumor tissue has been shown to be an independent prognostic marker in several solid tumors and in acute myeloid leukemia; high CRM1 expression by immunohistochemi

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Chung, Charlotte Y., Seby John, Mark G. Luciano, and Ferdinand K. Hui. "Reduction in Syrinx Size and Severity After Venous Sinus Stenting in a Patient With Pseudotumor Cerebri and Chiari Malformation." Operative Neurosurgery 12, no. 2 (2016): E197—E201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000001211.

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Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Pseudotumor cerebri and Chiari I malformation are found to coexist in a subset of patients. Surgical cranial decompression has been the mainstay of Chiari malformation management, whereas venous sinus stenting has emerged as an effective treatment modality for pseudotumor cerebri. Gaps in our current understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and the pathophysiology behind CSF-related disorders present difficulties in the simultaneous management of these conditions. A case is presented of the successful management of both conditions with venous si

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Humphreys, Gavin J., and Andrew J. McBain. "Continuous culture of sessile human oropharyngeal microbiotas." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 6 (2013): 906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.055806-0.

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The microbiota of the human oropharynx plays an important role in health through involvement in the aetiology of infection and the carriage of adventitious pathogens. Despite this, there are few models available for the preclinical assessment of novel antimicrobials directed to the human throat. We have profiled bacterial consortia sampled from the palatine tonsil and posterior pharyngeal wall microbiotas of healthy adult volunteers (n = 10) using differential culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, together with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The data generated were used to assess

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Mozo, L., D. Rivas, J. Zamorano, and C. Gutierrez. "Differential expression of IL-4 receptors in human T and B lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 10 (1993): 4261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.10.4261.

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Abstract IL-4R have been described in unstimulated human T and B lymphocytes. However, a precise comparative study on the expression and regulation of IL-4R in isolated human T and B cell populations has not yet been fully assessed. We examined the mRNA levels and the cell membrane expression of IL-4R in freshly isolated T and B lymphocytes as well as in in vivo- and in vitro-stimulated cells. IL-4R protein expression and transcript levels were higher in tonsillar unstimulated B cells than in T cells. Splenic and peripheral blood B lymphocytes also expressed higher surface IL-4R in their membr

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Saiki, O., M. Kawamoto, M. Fukuzumi, M. Kanou, and S. Utsumi. "Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 strain activates human B cells without affecting DNA synthesis or tyrosine phosphorylation." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 8 (1993): 3224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.8.3224.

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Abstract Induction of Ig secretion in human tonsilar B cell by protein A-deficient Staphylococcus aureus WOOD 46 strain (SAW) was examined. SAW induced as much Ig secretion as protein A-rich S. aureus Cowan I strain (SAC) when IL-2 was present in the culture. Activated and resting B cells are separated by Percoll gradient to determine whether SAW stimulates either resting or activated B cells. In resting B cells, SAW plus IL-2 induced IgM secretion significantly, but neither IL-2 nor SAW alone induced IgM secretion. In activated B cells, however, IL-2 induced IgM secretion by itself and SAW pl

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Corcione, A., L. Baldi, S. Zupo, et al. "Spontaneous production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in vitro by human B-lineage lymphocytes is a distinctive marker of germinal center cells." Journal of Immunology 153, no. 7 (1994): 2868–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.7.2868.

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Abstract The ability of human B lymphocytes to produce granulocyte (G)-CSF in vitro was investigated. Highly purified tonsillar B cells were fractionated into large and small cells by a Percoll density gradient, cultured, and tested for G-CSF gene expression. Large B cells spontaneous produced G-CSF mRNA and protein, whereas small B cells did not, even after incubation with various stimuli. Immunophenotypic analyses showed that large B lymphocytes contained approximately 60 to 70% of cells with the characteristic surface markers of germinal center (GC) B cells (CD38+, CD10+, and surface IgG+).

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Ayahao, Felixberto D. "Feeding and Draining Vessel Ligation with Sclerotherapy of High Flow Arteriovenous Malformations in the Head and Neck." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 29, no. 1 (2014): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v29i1.467.

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High flow arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are infiltrative, invading tissue planes and structures and may be life threatening when they bleed.1 They have a feeding artery and an anomalous capillary bed shunting blood from the arterial system to the venous system.1 The present trend of management of small AVMs is surgical excision with a high success rate. The problematic cases are diffuse AVMs infiltrating structures that render them impossible to totally extirpate surgically without causing much blood loss and tissue damage. The mainstay of management is embolization, surgical resection an

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Sharma, Kalpana, Kalpana Singh Beniwal, Amit Lodha, and Sunil Kasana. "Histopathological Reporting of Actinomyces Colonies in Tonsils-Utility or Futility? A Retrospective Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2021/49326.15424.

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Introduction: Actinomyces colonies in tonsillectomy specimens are often ignored as commensals and histopathology reports do not carry any information about them. But evidence suggests that under favourable conditions these may become invasive and pathogenic, serving as precursors to later systemic disease. Early identification of mucosal breach by these bacteria may have a role in the clinical management and future prognosis. Aim: To determine the frequency of occurrence of Actinomyces colonies in tonsillectomy specimens and study the various associated histological alterations which may provi

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"Comparative Study between Recurrent Tonsillitis and Tonsillar Hypertrophy Based: Histopathological Grading and Hematological Parameters in Children." Medico-Legal Update 20, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v20i4.1968.

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Mullane, Marianne J., Hannah M. Thomas, Jonathan R. Carapetis, et al. "Tonsils at Telethon: developing a standardised collection of tonsil photographs for group A streptococcal (GAS) research." Frontiers in Pediatrics 12 (April 25, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1367060.

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IntroductionGroup A streptococcus (GAS) infections, such as pharyngitis and impetigo, can lead to rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations experience high rates of RHD and GAS skin infection, yet rates of GAS pharyngitis are unclear. Anecdotally, clinical presentations of pharyngitis, including tonsillar hypertrophy and sore throat, are uncommon. This study aimed to develop a standardised set of tonsil photographs and determine tonsil size distribution from an urban paediatric population.MethodsA prospective cohort of child

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Kara, İlke, Saime Ramadan, Evrim Şenkal, and Pelin Koçdor. "Pediatric T-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma Diagnosed at Routine Adenoidectomy Specimen." International Journal of Surgical Pathology, December 7, 2022, 106689692211420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10668969221142044.

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Postoperative routine pathologic evaluation of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy specimens rarely reveals a diagnosis of malignancy. The object of this case report is to highlight this rare clinical occurrence. A 4-year-old boy presented with symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing and had a history of recurrent tonsillitis. Physical examination revealed adenoid hypertrophy and Brodsky Grade 1 bilateral tonsillar hypertrophy. The patient underwent adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. The adenoids were found to be MAGS Grade 4 (Modified Adenoid Grading System) hypertrophic causing 100% obstruction. Af

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Lv, Chenxing, Liu Yang, Peter Ngan, et al. "Role of the tonsil–oropharynx ratio on lateral cephalograms in assessing tonsillar hypertrophy in children seeking orthodontic treatment." BMC Oral Health 23, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03573-z.

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Abstract Objectives To analyze the diagnostic value of the tonsil–oropharynx (T/O) ratio on lateral cephalograms for evaluating tonsillar hypertrophy (TH). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 185 consecutive children (101 males, 84 females; mean age 7.3 ± 1.4 years) seeking orthodontic treatment. The T/O ratios on lateral cephalograms were calculated following Baroni et al.’s method. Tonsil sizes were clinically determined according to the Brodsky grading scale. Spearman correlation coefficients between the T/O ratio and clinical tonsil size were calculated with the total sample a

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Xiao, Ling, Shuping Su, Jia Liang, Ying Jiang, Yan Shu, and Ling Ding. "Analysis of the Risk Factors Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Chinese Children." Frontiers in Pediatrics 10 (June 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.900216.

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ObjectiveThe present study was developed to explore risk factors related to the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children.MethodsThe present study enrolled pediatric patients who admitted to our department for snoring and/or open-mouth breathing. All children completed a questionnaire and underwent physical examination and polysomnography (PSG). The cases were separated into OSAS and primary snoring (PS) groups. Factors associated with these two groups were analyzed, with risk factors significantly associated with OSAS then being identified through logistic

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