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1
Hulick, Jeannette. "Marty McGuire Has Too Many Pets by Kate Messner." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 67, no. 8 (2014): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2014.0245.
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Delgado, Mikel, Melissa J. Bain, and CA Tony Buffington. "A survey of feeding practices and use of food puzzles in owners of domestic cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 2 (2019): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19838080.
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Objectives Food puzzles may provide enrichment to domestic cats. The purpose of our survey was to determine: (1) how respondents fed their cat (type[s] of food, amount and mode of delivery); (2) how many people used food puzzles to provide food for their cats; and (3) owner attitudes about food puzzles. Methods We conducted an online survey from January to April of 2018 to ask cat owners (n = 3192) questions related to their cat feeding practices and use of food puzzles. Results Most cat owners fed their cats dry food, with half of those owners offering it ad libitum. Thirty percent of participants offered food puzzles to their cats; another 18% had tried food puzzles but were no longer using them. The remaining participants had never used a food puzzle with their cat. Reasons for not using food puzzles included perceptions about the cat (eg, being too lazy), multiple pets in the home, pets fed different diets, health issues and feeding an exclusively wet food diet. Many participants did not know how to choose or introduce a food puzzle to their cat, and many non-users saw no need or benefit to their cat. Conclusions and relevance This survey provided information about the feeding habits of cat owners and why they do and do not use food puzzles with their cats. Because of the scarcity of empirical evidence about the effects of food puzzles on pet cat welfare, more research is needed to determine the role of food puzzles as part of an overall enrichment plan.
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Havinga, W., P. A. Offit, M. A. Gerber, C. Hackett, E. Marcuse, and B. Gellin. "Too Many Vaccinations?" PEDIATRICS 110, no. 3 (2002): 648–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.3.648-a.
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Gregory, Peter. "Too many peas in the pod?" Advanced Materials 2, no. 9 (1990): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19900020902.
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Beimesch, Claire F., Kevin Walker, Caitlin Wahl, and Jeanie McGee. "Trampolines: How Many Bounces Is Too Many?" Pediatrics 137, Supplement 3 (2016): 48A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.137.supplement_3.48a.
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Furnival, Ronald A., Kellee A. Street, and Jeff E. Schunk. "Too Many Pediatric Trampoline Injuries." Pediatrics 103, no. 5 (1999): e57-e57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.103.5.e57.
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Vogel, I., H. Verschuure, C. P. B. van der Ploeg, J. Brug, and H. Raat. "Adolescents and MP3 Players: Too Many Risks, Too Few Precautions." PEDIATRICS 123, no. 6 (2009): e953-e958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-3179.
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Vucinic, Marijana, Jelena Nedeljkovic-Trailovic, Sasa Trailovic, Sasa Ivanovic, Mirjana Milovanovic, and Dejan Krnjaic. "Carvacrol importance in veterinary and human medicine as ecologic insecticide and acaricide." Veterinarski glasnik 65, no. 5-6 (2011): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1106433v.
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Carvacrol is an active ingredient of essential oils from different plants, mainly from oregano and thyme species. It poseses biocidal activity agains many artropodes of the importance for veterinary and human medicine. Carvacrol acts as repelent, larvicide, insecticide and acaricide. It acts against pest artropodes such as those that serve as mechanical or biological vectors for many causal agents of viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases for animals and humans. Therefore, it may be used not only in pest arthropodes control but in vector borne diseases control, too. In the paper carvacrol bioactivity against mosquitoes, house flies, cockroaches, ticks and mites are described. Potencial modes of carvacrol action on artropodes are given, too. Carvacrol reachs its biotoxicity against arthropodes alone or in combination with other active ingredients from the same plant of its origin, such as tymol, cymen or others. The paper explains reasons for frequently investigations on essential oils and other natural products of plant origin to their biotoxicity against food stored pest or pest of medicinal importance, as well as, needs for their use in agriculture, veterinary and human medicine.
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Pritts, Marvin P. "THE USE OF INTERPLANTED COVER CROPS FOR PEST MANAGEMENT IN STRAWBERRIES." HortScience 26, no. 5 (1991): 482b—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.482b.
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Non-chemical methods for weed management are becoming important as fewer herbicides are labelled for use and as the market demands pesticide-free produce. We have studied the use of interplanted cover crops in strawberry plantings as an alternative/supplement to chemical weed management. Several different cover crops (tall fescue, marigold and sudangrass) were seeded between rows of newly planted strawberries in late June as runnering was commencing. An additional seeding of sudangrass was made in late July. For comparison, untreated plots and diphenamid treated plots were included in the experimental design. Measurements were taken throughout the season of soil moisture, light levels, crop nutrient concentrations, nematode numbers in soil and crop roots, runner biomass, and weed composition and biomass. Cover crops were incorporated in late fall and the planting was mulched. The following spring, crop nutrient concentrations, nematode numbers in soil and crop roots, weed composition and biomass, yield, individual fruit size, and aboveground strawberry biomass was assessed. The marigolds were too competitive for moisture to be an effective companion cover crop. The early planting of sudangrass was too tall, and fescue was too competitive for nutrients. The untreated plots contained many more weeds than other treatments, nematode levels were higher in the strawberry roots in these plots, and harvesting fruit was very difficult. The late seeding of sudangrass, however, provided significant weed control while not reducing yield relative to herbicide-treated plots.
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Indrakrista, Niti Bayu. "Pers Mengawal Demokrasi Daerah: Analisis Pemberitaan Implementasi Dana Keistimewaan di Harian Tribun Jogja." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 18, no. 3 (2016): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.13138.
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This paper examines the role of local press as institution that supports democracy in regional level, indecentralisation era. As an entry point, this paper uses the media coverage of Dana Keistimewaan in TribunJogja daily newspaper, a non-partisan press institution that established at post New Order era. UsingRobert Entman’s framing analysis, this research argues that consolidation of democracy has not yet fullyembedded at regional level. Local presspays too many att ention on technocratic administrative aspects, rather than democratic ones that may involve contribution of the people.
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Carvalho, Fernando K., Rodolfo G. Chechetto, Alisson A. B. Mota, and Ulisses R. Antuniassi. "Challenges of Aircraft and Drone Spray Applications." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 2 (2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_apr_07.
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Crop protection on major crops is now required to follow the principles of integrated pest management so the timing and accuracy of any application of a pesticide or biopesticide has to be more precise to minimize adverse effects on non-target species. The development of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) provides a means of providing a more targeted application of the correct dose, especially by using formulations that are more persistent, thus minimizing loss of spray in areas subject to rain. Avoiding use of too high a dosage allows greater survival of natural enemies and reduces the selection pressure for pests becoming resistant to specific modes of action. The downward flow of air from a UAV should also provide better distribution and impaction of droplets within a crop canopy, reduce soil impaction caused by taking heavy loads of spray applied with 200 l ha–1 of water, and allow treatments when fields are too wet to access with ground equipment. In Asia, many smallholder farmers are using a drone in preference to using a knapsack sprayer. According to Matthews, it has been shown that ULV spraying can be effective, but it needs a narrow droplet spectrum with the droplets remaining stable and not shrinking to become too small. Formulation research can reduce the volatility of the spray, hence the success of oil-based sprays. However, instead of petroleum-based oils, there is a chance to develop vegetable oil carriers with micro-sized particle suspensions to deliver low toxicity pesticides in droplets that can be deposited within the crop and not drift beyond the crop boundary. Oil deposits will be less prone to loss after rain so less should be lost in neighbouring ditches and water courses, especially as rainfall patterns are forecast to change. More studies are needed to evaluate the swath for deposition, buffer zones, formulation, nozzle selection, to guide future specific legislation for UAV applications.
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Frey, Juerg E., Beatrice Frey, and Robert Baur. "Molecular identification of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)." Canadian Entomologist 136, no. 6 (2004): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-120.
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AbstractEarly detection of pest infestation is a prerequisite for sustainable crop protection. However, many pest species are difficult to detect and thus infestation is diagnosed from damage observed on the respective crop. This diagnosis is often made too late for implementation of crop protection measures, and serious crop losses may result. The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer, is a major pest of Brassica L. (Brassicaceae) vegetables in Europe that has recently invaded North America. With its small size and short adult life-span, and the cryptic lifestyle of the larvae feeding at the growing points of its host plants, it is usually detected only after damage has already occurred. Furthermore, because field-trapped specimens are rarely fully intact, it is extremely difficult to identify. Therefore, we developed a species-specific molecular diagnostic method that enables reliable identification of swede midge from various sources such as alcohol or sticky glue traps. The method enables large-scale screening of field-trapped specimens and is used to evaluate the attractiveness and specificity of pheromone traps that are currently under development.
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Gutsche, A., T. Heng-Moss, G. Sarath, et al. "Gene expression profiling of tolerant barley in response toDiuraphis noxia(Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding." Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, no. 2 (2008): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006184.
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AbstractAphids are, arguably, the single most damaging group of agricultural insect pests throughout the world. Plant tolerance, which is a plant response to an insect pest, is viewed as an excellent management strategy. Developing testable hypotheses based on genome-wide and more focused methods will help in understanding the molecular underpinnings of plant tolerance to aphid herbivory. As a first step in this process, we undertook transcript profiling with Affymetrix GeneChip Barley Genome arrays using RNA extracted from tissues of tolerant and susceptible genotypes collected at three hours, three days and six days afterDiuraphis noxiaintroduction. Acquired data were compared to identify changes unique to the tolerant barley at each harvest date. Transcript abundance of 4086 genes was differentially changed over the three harvest dates in tolerant and susceptible barley in response toD. noxiafeeding. Across the three harvest dates, the greatest number of genes was differentially expressed in both barleys at three days after aphid introduction. A total of 909 genes showed significant levels of change in the tolerant barley in response toD. noxiafeeding as compared to susceptible plants infested with aphids. Many of these genes could be assigned to specific metabolic categories, including several associated with plant defense and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, two peroxidase genes, designatedHvPRXA1andHvPRXA2, were up-regulated to a greater degree in response toD. noxiafeeding on tolerant barley plants, indicating that specific peroxidases could be important for the tolerance process. These findings suggest that the ability to elevate and sustain levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes could play an important role in the tolerant response.
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Nadio, NA, EM Bokobana, KP Akantetou, et al. "Efficacite des bioinsecticides a base de l’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) spreng contre les punaises rouges (Dysdercus voelkeri, schmidt) en culture cotonniere au Togo." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 03 (2021): 17727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.98.20095.
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Currently, the fight against red bugs, a pest of the cotton plant, is limited to the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. Many of the products used are persistent and their high toxicity to human health and the environment is of concern. In the search for alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides, the aim of this research work was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of aqueous emulsions based on the essential oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus(L.) against Dysdercus voelkeri, one of the redoubtable pests of cotton plant in Togo. Aqueous emulsions at different concentrations were used in phytosanitary treatments on cotton crop compared to vulgarized binary insecticides (lambdacyhalothrin/profenofos 15/300 gha-1and cypermethrin/acetamiprid 36/8 gha-1). D. voelkeri counts on target plants of each elementary plot revealed that the highest dose of the emulsion (6%) of C. schoenanthus essential oil and the control (vulgarized insecticide)were more effective with low bug population densities of 7.14± 1.46 and 4.86± 1.84 bugs/plant,respectively. On the contrary,the other doses (4 and 2%) of emulsions based on C. schoenanthus essential oil had in their plots respectively 39.57 ± 5.81 and 45.28 ± 3.92 bugs/plant and the control (55.71± 5.23 bugs/plant). Health analysis of the young cotton bolls that fell under the cotton plants revealed that the highest dose of the emulsion (6%) and the control reduced stings by 71.40 and 72.33 % respectively, compared to the control. Stings reduction rates in plots with treatments of 4 and 2% of the emulsion were low with rates of 55.32and22.83%,respectively. These results clearly show that the aqueous emulsion formulated and tested in the study can significantly reduce attacks of these pests. This study shows the possibility of using the essential oil of C. schoenanthus as a raw material in the formulation of biopesticide as an alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides in the control of cotton plant red bugs in Togo.
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Butler, Casey D., and John T. Trumble. "The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae): life history, relationship to plant diseases, and management strategies." Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 5, no. 2 (2012): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187498312x634266.
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The potato/tomato psyllid,Bactericera cockerelli(Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) has been a major pest of solanaceous crops for decades. This pest can cause damage to crop plants by direct feeding and, as has been recently discovered, by transmitting the bacterial pathogenCandidatusLiberibacter psyllaurous (a.k.a.Ca.L. solanacearum). Many studies have been conducted to determine the relationship of this pest to plant injury and to develop management strategies to alleviate the damage caused by this pest in a wide variety of solanaceous plants. Studies in the past decade have documented substantial genetic variability in this invasive species, enhanced our rapidly-evolving understanding of the interactions between the insect and the pathogen it carries, and improved our appreciation of the invasive potential of the pest. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive update toB. cockerellilife history, relationship to plant diseases, and the current state of management strategies againstB. cockerelli.
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Agayeva, A. N. "Distribution of circulator echinococcose of sheep (Echinococcus granulosus) in the territories of the Absheron peninsula and Khyzynsky district of the Azerbaijan republic." Agrarian science, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-334-1-43-45.
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Relevance. Small-scale farming on a private basis have some disadvantages. Many similar farms do not take timely measures to combat pest diseases, especially against helminthiasis pathogens. Echinococcosis was among the main helminth diseases in sheep in the Absheron Peninsula territories and the adjacent Khizi region too, where we conduct research. It’s widespread in Azerbaijan and greatly damaged sheep breeding.Reesults. During study, we detected the species of E. granulosus in sheep at all study points in the Absheron Peninsula and Khizi. Thus, the relative prevalence of invasion was recorded in the villages Tudar (47,9%), Jeyranbatan (47,6%), Altyagach (46,5%), and some low the percentage of infection in the villages of New Yashma (20,6%), Hovsan (21,8%), Mushvigabad (25,0%). Hence, analysis of the echinococcosis causative agent shows spread of this invasion throughout the farms in different forms. It has been studied in altitude belts too. There are such results: an invasion’s high extensiveness was recorded in the low-mountain (45,1%) zone.
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Irdiansyah, Khairana, and Nur Aini Fardana Nawangsari. "Pengaruh Penyesuaian Warna pada Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) terhadap Kemampuan Working Memory pada Anak Autisme." Psikodinamika - Jurnal Literasi Psikologi 1, no. 1 (2021): 8–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36636/psikodinamika.v1i1.561.
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This study aims to determine the effect of colors adjustment on the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on the ability of Working Memory in children with autism. The study was conducted at Autism Training Center (PLA) Sidoarjo and Ceria PAUD Airlangga University with the number of subjects as many as 4 children, with details of 2 children of hyposensitive autism and 2 children hypersensitive autism. The research method used is a Quasi Experiment. The intervention tool during the study was 15 color adjusted PECS images according to Birren's color theory (2010) and Brewster's color theory, created in 1831, under the most hypnotic hypersensitive and hypersensitive conditions according to Mostafa (2008). As for the instrument pretest and posttest researchers use the theory of short-term memory from Atkinson (2014) with the aim to know whether the subject can understand the information with a maximum time of 30 seconds.Based on the results of data analysis using statistical analysis Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, it was found that there is nosignificant influence between the color on PECS on the ability of working memory of children with autism because the significance value of 0.180 because the number of subjects that are too few is 4 children. However, from the results of pretest posttest graphs and researcher notes, the four subjects experienced a considerable increase in scores. This study focuses on how color affects PECS to improve working memory in children with autism because in previous PECS studies that have been conducted by other researchers, no one has focused on color adjustment in PECS.
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Flemons, Michelle, Fiona Diffey, and Dominic Cunliffe. "The Role of PETE in Developing and Sustaining Physical Literacy Informed Practitioners." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 37, no. 3 (2018): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2018-0128.
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This study discusses teacher preparation in relation to encouraging and empowering future teachers to appreciate the potential and value of adopting physical literacy as the goal of physical education (PE). The study addresses the issue of the role of schools and teacher training programs in developing the next generation of PE teachers entering PE teacher education with respect to thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and beliefs that underpin the concept of physical literacy, and providing high-quality learning experiences that are crucial to continuing physical activity throughout the life course for all children, not just those who have a natural aptitude in this area. Many advocates for radical change in PE have repeatedly argued that PE curricula around the world are too focused on a traditional, one size fits all, sport technique based, multiactivity form. Others have argued that the traditional curricula have a primary focus on physical competence in running, jumping, and balls skills rather than providing experience in a wide range of physical activities including, inter alia, those with a focus on aesthetic awareness and those related to outdoor adventure.
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Nikolaou, Polyxeni, Paweł Marciniak, Zbigniew Adamski, and Nikoletta Ntalli. "Controlling Stored Products’ Pests with Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Review." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (2021): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090879.
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To date, only a handful of pesticides have been authorized by the European Council for the protection of stored grains. Resistance issues and ecotoxicity concerns necessitate the development of ecofriendly tools in that direction. In this review, we refer to the recent findings on plant extracts and pure plant-derived substances with promising biological activity and the potential to be used as biopesticides for stored products. The main aim of biopesticides is to be effective against target pests, without harming humans and the environment. Many plant species, among those reported herein, are part of the human diet, and are thus not harmful to humans. Edible plant extracts produced with inorganic solvents represent safe candidates for use as repellants, fumigants or contact pesticides. Cinnamon, rosemary, parsley, garlic, oregano and basil are found in products destined for human consumption but also display significant biological activities. Interestingly, cinnamon is one of the most widely tested botanical matrixes, exhibiting the best lethal effects on almost all insect and mite taxa reported herein (Acaroidea, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera), followed by basil and garlic. Prunus persica,Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Carum sp. seem to be very promising too as miticides and/or insecticides, with A. indica already being represented commercially by a plant-derived acaricidal formulation.
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Toundou, Outéndé, Koffi Kibalou Palanga, Oudjaniyobi Simalou, Mabafei Abalo, Iréné Woglo, and Koffi Tozo. "Biopesticide Plants species of the mining area of Tokpli (South-Togo) effects on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) protection against Aphtona spp." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 1 (2020): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i1.19.
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Pest management is among the many challenges confronting African farmers today. In Togo, pest attack has been seen as a challenge posed on many vegetable crops producers. In pursuit to contribute to effective vegetables crops protection using local Biopesticide plants, an ethnobotanical survey conducted in the District of Tokpli to collect data from the local population identified five biopesticide plants. Among these plants, Chromolaena odorata, Morinda lucida, Azadirachta indica, and Ludwigia decurrens pure leaves extract significantly reduced the number of Aphtona spp. attacking Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants in the field. Treatment Efficiency of the pure aqueous extract from mixture of leaves of these four plants, applied at the interval of 1 day and 2 days of 14 days were respectively 90% and 81% and were significantly higher than the result obtained with the chemical insecticide LAMBDA POWER applied following the recommendations of the manufacturer which was 79%.
 © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.
 Keywords: Biopesticide, crops protection, Chromolaena odorata, Morinda lucida, Azadirachta indica, Ludwigia decurrens
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Maimunah, Siti, and Nina Maryana. "Ketahanan Tumbuh Permudaan Ramin di Genepool Ramin di SPTN Wilayah I Kawasan Taman Nasional Sebangau Kalimantan Tengah." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 3, no. 1 (2016): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v3i1.165.
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Ramin�s growth and development is very slowly and have many inhibited factore, there are seed specific character with hard coating, too difficult for vegetative propagation, and limited abundant because seedling is very depend to sustainable nature, so there are caused how ramin is rare now. Ramin propagation have done in Sebangau National Park in 2010 with 5 ha wide area of Genepoolin two areas, 3ha area inSungai Koran and 2 ha in Stasiun Riset Lapangan (SSI). In Genepool area development hasn�t have database for growth and development of ramin.This research aim are to monitoring and evaluation growth endurance and to know how about ramin to decreasing in Genepool area.
 The parameter of this research is growth endurance, high, diameter and laef growth of Ramin seedling, pest and diseases. Growth endurance percentase for 5 year of growth is 60,70%, average of high 1,42 m, average of diameter 1,69 cm, average of leaf growth 17,61 helai, existence of pest and diseases is insecta attack and human activity. Need a socialiszationabout Genepool existence for minimizing ramin damaged caused human activities.
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Agricola, U., D. Agounké, H. U. Fischer, and D. Moore. "The control of Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Togo by the introduction of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 79, no. 4 (1989): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300018824.
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AbstractRastrococcus invadens Williams was first noticed in Togo in 1981 and has since become a serious pest on many plants, especially mango and citrus. In June 1986, a programme for its biological control was begun, resulting in the introduction into Togo in October 1987 of an encyrtid parasitoid, Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes. The parasitoid was reared under a simple system and releases were made from November 1987. The parasitoid established readily under a range of ecological conditions and produced significant control within the first year up to 100 km from each release point.
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Endrawati, Teti. "PETA POTENSI PERPUSTAKAAN LINGKUP PUSAT RISET PERIKANAN." Jurnal Pari 4, no. 2 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jp.v4i2.7865.
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Peta potensi pada lingkup perpustakaan Pusat Riset Perikanan dalam penelitian ini sebatassumberdaya manusia perpustakaan, lokal konten yang dimiliki, dan peringkat lokal konten dalamgoogle scholar, hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 13 satuan kerja Pusrikan terdapat 19 orangsumberdaya perpustakaan yang terdiri dari 11 orang sudah menjadi pustakawan dan 8 orangbelum menjadi pustakawan (pengelola perpustakaan) hal ini salah satunya dikarenakan masihragu dan belum siapnya mereka menjadi pustakawan sedangkan untuk potensi lokal kontenpusriskan terdiri 12 judul lokal konten yang terdri dari 6 judul dan yang belum 6 judul lagi belumterakreditasi dikarenakan tulisan pada lokal konten tesebut belum ilmiah, sedangkan untukperingkat google scholar kutipan terbanyak adalah Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia sebanyak1240 kutipan, Indeks–h 8, dan Indeks-i10 8. Adapun kutipan terendah pada Jurnal KebijakanPerikanan Indonesia dengan 58 kutipan indeks-h 3, Indeks-i10 1. Untuk mengatasi kendalakekurangan peta potensi tersebut dilakukan solusi: 1) untuk SDM pustakawan perlu adanya motivasiseperti mensosialisakan keuntungan menjadi pustakawan 2)untuk akreditasi lokal konten dapatmeningkatkan kualitas tulisan lebih ilmiah sehingga dapat memenuhi substansi yang disyaratkanoleh LIPI. Lokal konten yang terakreditasi tentunya dapat meningkatkan kutipan, indeks-h danIndeks-i 10 sehingga dapat meningkatkan peringkat pada google scholar.Library Potential Map of KP Fisheries Research Center is limited to library human resources, itslocal content, and local content rating in Google Schoral, the research result shows from 13Pusrikan working unit there are 19 library resources which consist of 11 people who have becomelibrarians and 8 people who haven’t (library administrators) the reason behind this is because theyare still hesitant and not ready to be librarians, on the other hand for local content potential Pusriskanconsist of 12 local content titles which consist of 6 titles and the other 6 are not yet credited due tothose local contents are not scientific. Meanwhile, for the rank of Google scholar the most quotationis Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia as many as 1240 quotations, -h8 index, and –i10 8 index.Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia got the lowest rank in Google Svholar with 58 quotations -h3 index, -i10 1 index. The solutions to overcome the problem of potential map shortage are: 1) Itis important to socialize the benefit of becoming librarian to library human resource as motivation.2) it is important to make the quality of credited local content more scientific so it can be approvedby LIPI. Credited local content surely increase the quotation, -h index and –I 10 index, therefore theGoogle Scholar rating will increase, too.
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Fabio, P., G. T. Aronica, and H. Apel. "Towards automatic calibration of 2-D flood propagation models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (2010): 911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-911-2010.
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Abstract. Hydraulic models for flood propagation description are an essential tool in many fields and are used, for example, for flood hazard and risk assessments, evaluation of flood control measures, etc. Nowadays there are many models of different complexity regarding the mathematical foundation and spatial dimensions available, and most of them are comparatively easy to operate due to sophisticated tools for model setup and control. However, the calibration of these models is still underdeveloped in contrast to other models like e.g. hydrological models or models used in ecosystem analysis. This has two primary reasons: first, lack of relevant data against which the models can be calibrated, because flood events are very rarely monitored due to the disturbances inflicted by them and the lack of appropriate measuring equipment in place. Second, 2-D models are computationally very demanding and therefore the use of available sophisticated automatic calibration procedures is restricted in many cases. This study takes a well documented flood event in August 2002 at the Mulde River in Germany as an example and investigates the most appropriate calibration strategy for a simplified 2-D hyperbolic finite element model. The model independent optimiser PEST, that enables automatic calibrations without changing model code, is used and the model is calibrated against over 380 surveyed maximum water levels. The application of the parallel version of the optimiser showed that (a) it is possible to use automatic calibration in combination of 2-D hydraulic model, and (b) equifinality of model parameterisation can also be caused by a too large number of degrees of freedom in the calibration data in contrast to a too simple model setup. In order to improve model calibration and reduce equifinality, a method was developed to identify calibration data, resp. model setup with likely errors that obstruct model calibration.
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Fabio, P., G. T. Aronica, and H. Apel. "Towards automatic calibration of 2-dimensional flood propagation models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 6 (2009): 6833–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-6833-2009.
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Abstract. Hydraulic models for flood propagation description are an essential tool in many fields, e.g. civil engineering, flood hazard and risk assessments, evaluation of flood control measures, etc. Nowadays there are many models of different complexity regarding the mathematical foundation and spatial dimensions available, and most of them are comparatively easy to operate due to sophisticated tools for model setup and control. However, the calibration of these models is still underdeveloped in contrast to other models like e.g. hydrological models or models used in ecosystem analysis. This has basically two reasons: first, the lack of relevant data against the models can be calibrated, because flood events are very rarely monitored due to the disturbances inflicted by them and the lack of appropriate measuring equipment in place. Secondly, especially the two-dimensional models are computationally very demanding and therefore the use of available sophisticated automatic calibration procedures is restricted in many cases. This study takes a well documented flood event in August 2002 at the Mulde River in Germany as an example and investigates the most appropriate calibration strategy for a full 2-D hyperbolic finite element model. The model independent optimiser PEST, that gives the possibility of automatic calibrations, is used. The application of the parallel version of the optimiser to the model and calibration data showed that a) it is possible to use automatic calibration in combination of 2-D hydraulic model, and b) equifinality of model parameterisation can also be caused by a too large number of degrees of freedom in the calibration data in contrast to a too simple model setup. In order to improve model calibration and reduce equifinality a method was developed to identify calibration data with likely errors that obstruct model calibration.
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Rizzo, Domenico, Andrea Taddei, Daniele Da Lio, et al. "Molecular Identification of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) From Frass by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 6 (2020): 2911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa206.
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Abstract Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky, 1853), native to eastern Asia, is a destructive woodborer of many ornamental species, leading to the decline and the death of the attacked trees. In outbreak areas as Europe or North America, this pest is usually identified using morphological or molecular analyses of adult or larval specimens. However, the procedures for collecting A. glabripennis specimens from infested plants are too expensive and time consuming for routine screening. A noninvasive diagnostic tool based on frass discrimination is therefore crucial for the rapid identification of A. glabripennis at different development stages in the host. This article describes a rapid diagnostic protocol based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). DNA extracted from A. glabripennis frass was amplified with both visual and real-time LAMP and compared with those of nontarget species. The results show that the method is reliable and accurate and therefore could be a promising diagnostic tool in phytosanitary surveys.
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Ni, W. L., Z. H. Li, H. J. Chen, et al. "Including climate change in pest risk assessment: the peach fruit fly,Bactrocera zonata(Diptera: Tephritidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, no. 2 (2011): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485311000538.
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AbstractBactrocera zonata(Saunders) is one of the most harmful species of Tephritidae. It causes extensive damage in Asia and threatens many countries located along or near the Mediterranean Sea. The climate mapping program, CLIMEX 3.0, and the GIS software, ArcGIS 9.3, were used to model the current and future potential geographical distribution ofB. zonata. The model predicts that, under current climatic conditions,B. zonatawill be able to establish itself throughout much of the tropics and subtropics, including some parts of the USA, southern China, southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand. Climate change scenarios for the 2070s indicate that the potential distribution ofB. zonatawill expand poleward into areas which are currently too cold. The main factors limiting the pest's range expansion are cold, hot and dry stress. The model's predictions of the numbers of generations produced annually byB. zonatawere consistent with values previously recorded for the pest's occurrence in Egypt. The ROC curve and the AUC (an AUC of 0.912) were obtained to evaluate the performance of the CLIMEX model in this study. The analysis of this information indicated a high degree of accuracy for the CLIMEX model. The significant increases in the potential distribution ofB. zonataprojected under the climate change scenarios considered in this study suggest that biosecurity authorities should consider the effects of climate change when undertaking pest risk assessments. To prevent the introduction and spread ofB. zonata, enhanced quarantine and monitoring measures should be implemented in areas that are projected to be suitable for the establishment of the pest under current and future climatic conditions.
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Ju, Zhiguo, Yousheng Duan, and Zhiqiang Ju. "242 Developing a Chemical Delivery System in Tree Fruit Production." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 484A—484. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.484a.
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In China, one of the most serious problems to fruit growers is too much vegetative growth and too many pests and diseases during the growing season. Therefore, a large number of growth regulators, pesticides, and fungicides are used each year, which increases production costs and causes environmental pollution. To reduce the usage of agrochemicals, a device was invented to confine the treated area. Instead of applying chemicals directly to leaves, which may have reduced the efficiency by washing or UV degradation, the chemicals were injected directly to the truck of trees and transported through the xylem to the target organ, the leaf. Results showed that, to reach the same level of control, using plant regulators such as paclobutrazol, gibberellins, and ascorbic acid, the amount used could be reduced by 50% to 80%. The use of fungicides such as captan and diazinon could be reduced by 35% to 60%, and the use of pesticides such as vendex could be reduced by as much as 50%. Compared with the conventional method, the injection method showed three advantages: 1) It is economical in that production costs were reduced by about 40%, 2) It is efficient in that the same level of control was achieved using less chemicals (Due to the small acreage cultivated by family growers in China, the device could be installed within days and chemicals could be applied within hours.), 3) It is environmentally friendly because chemicals were not released throughout the orchard.
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Woreta, Danuta. "Reduction of population numbers of Melolontha spp. adults – a review of methods." Folia Forestalia Polonica 58, no. 2 (2016): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ffp-2016-0010.
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Abstract The article provides information about control of Melolontha spp. adults, the methods used in the past, chemical pest control as well as treatments applied today. In old times, cockchafer populations were reduced mechanically, by manual collection during the swarming period or by covering soil surfaces to prevent egg lying by females. Chemical pest control methods were introduced in the fifties of the 1900s, and in subsequent 50 years, they were improved to be less and less environmentally threatening. In many countries, including Poland, there have recently been introduced progressive restrictions on the use of insecticides in forestry. Banning chemical treatments against cockchafers resulted in going back to traditional methods and seeking alternate solutions, e.g. biological control agents. In the 1990s, polyethylene nets were used to prevent egg laying in the soil by cockchafer females. At the same time, there was tested possible usefulness of a botanical insecticide derived from neem (Azadirachta indica) to combat cockchafer adults. The net, which needs to be spread flat on the ground, can be effective in orchards, however, in forested areas, the success of this method was limited due to the specific structure of forest land. In general, both methods stimulated no interest on the part of forestry on account of technical obstacles and too high cost of the botanical insecticide. Neglecting treatments toward reduction of cockchafer excessive numbers during their ongoing outbreak can bring about adverse changes in the forest structure.
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KIM, YOU-KYOUNG, QUYNH-PHUONG LUU, MOHAMMAD ARIFUL ISLAM, et al. "DEGRADABLE POLYETHYLENIMINE DERIVATIVES AS GENE CARRIERS." Nano LIFE 02, no. 01 (2012): 1230004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984411000335.
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Gene therapy is a treatment for inborn and acquired diseases, although the development of safe and effective gene delivery system is a great challenge to make a gene therapy a success. Viral vectors have been used in a majority of clinics because of their high transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. However, their use has been limited because of several drawbacks, such as induction of immune response, recombination of wild-type viruses, limitation in the size of inserted gene, and difficulty in large-scale production. Nonviral vectors have been widely proposed safe alternatives to viral vectors because they have low immunogenicity, flexibility in the size of gene to be delivered, cell targetibility, and easy scalability of production, although they have low transfection efficiency compared to viral vectors. Among nonviral vectors, polyethylenimine (PEI) has been widely used as a standard gene carriers due to its high pH-buffering capacity for endosomal escape although high-molecular-weight PEI is too toxic owing to non-degradability. Recently, many types of degradable PEI have been studied due to high transfection efficiency with lower cytotoxicity. This review explains recent progress on the development of degradable PEIs as nonviral vectors. The present paper summarizes the transfection efficiency of DNA or silencing efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) based on the kinds of degradable linkage between low PEI and crosslinkers. Degradable linkages, such as ester, disulfide, imines, carbamate, amide and ketal in the degradable PEIs are covered.
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Ebert, Timothy A., Laura Waldo, Daniel Stanton, and Arnold W. Schumann. "Screen Mesh Size for Exclusion of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Citrus Production." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 4 (2020): 2026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa095.
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Abstract Huanglongbing is a citrus disease that reduces yield, crop quality, and eventually causes tree mortality. The putative causal agent, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae), is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Disease management is largely through vector control, but the insect is developing pesticide resistance. A nonchemical approach to vector management is to grow citrus under screen cages either as bags over individual trees or enclosures spanning many acres. The enclosing screen reduces wind, alters temperature relative to ambient, and excludes a variety of pests that are too large to pass through the screen. Here we evaluated the potential of six screens to exclude D. citri. We conclude that screens with rectangular openings need to limit the short side to no more than 384.3 µm with a SD of 36.9 µm (40 mesh) to prevent psyllids from passing through the screen. The long side can be at least 833 µm, but the efficacy of screens exceeding this value should be tested before using in the field.
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Koffi, Djima, Komi Agboka, Anani Kossi Mawuko Adjevi, et al. "Trapping Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths in Different Crop Habitats in Togo and Ghana." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 3 (2021): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab048.
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Abstract The economic impact of the invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into Africa has so far been limited to maize agriculture but could potentially impact many other crops. Trapping based on pheromone lures provides a cost-effective method for detecting this important pest (commonly known as fall armyworm) and will be essential for large-scale monitoring of populations to determine its geographical distribution and migration behavior as the species equilibrates to its new environment. However, the effective use of pheromone trapping requires optimization for a given location. An earlier report demonstrated that two commercial lures (one 3-component and the other 4-component) that were effective for trapping S. frugiperda in maize fields in Togo, Africa. The current study extends these findings to agricultural areas that differ in plant host composition (maize, pasture grasses, rice, and sorghum) in multiple locations in Ghana and Togo. In two seasons, significantly higher numbers of moths were found in maize, and in one season, higher numbers were found in rice than in sorghum and pasture grass systems. The results confirm the effectiveness of pheromone trapping and identify pheromone lures and trapping methods best suited for the different agroecosystems common to West Africa and that are at risk of infestation by S. frugiperda.
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Martynenko, Volodymyr. "“In many cases, the definition of rags for what they are dressed, is too beautiful”: material support of German refugees from the USSR on the territory of the Reich at the end of the Second World War." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.08.
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Throughout the fall of 1943 – the spring of 1944 almost the entire German population was taken out of the occupied Soviet territories by the German authorities. The immediate reason for this, as is known, was the loss of strategic initiative on the Eastern Front. By the autumn of 1944, the number of all evacuated ethnic Germans was about 360,000. Most of the German contingent was sent to the territory of Warthegau district. All the rest were in several other regions of Germany. The Warthegau administration began active preparations for the reception of German refugees already in early January 1944. Immediately after arriving in the Reich, they, according to the established procedure, underwent a medical examination, pest control and only then went to the camps. Many German officials described the situation of the evacuated Germans as catastrophic, paying attention to what was immediately evident – a lack of clothes and shoes. Besides, the German authorities were concerned about the arrangement of the life of the new migrants, the bulk of whom was planned to be used as agricultural workers. The SS leadership tried to solve the problem of material and domestic security of German refugees from the USSR by attracting its resources and through support from various business entities. As a result, by the end of the war, the German authorities had not been able to completely solve the problem of the material and social security of ethnic Germans from the USSR. The main reason was the lack of resources and the almost complete reorientation of many enterprises to defense needs. Domestic disorder hugely negatively affected the moral and psychological state of many migrants. In turn, the lack of clothing and shoes often led to refusals to go to work. With growing discontent among the settlers at the end of 1944, the Nazi authorities tried to fight mainly through propaganda, trying to convince them that sooner or later, after the victory of Germany, their life would become much better.
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Cooper, Desmond W., and Catherine A. Herbert. "Genetics, biotechnology and population management of over-abundant mammalian wildlife in Australasia." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 8 (2001): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01072.
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Wildlife management involves regulation of population numbers of wild vertebrate species. In some cases there are too many animals and in others there are too few. Genetic issues arise in both instances. The historical and genetic evidence for the number of mammals that were in the founder populations of successful colonizing species in Australia and New Zealand is reviewed here. Small numbers have often given rise to large populations, despite the concomitant loss of genetic variability. Restriction of the number of over-abundant and pest species by either physical or chemical methods frequently constitutes very strong artificial selection, which leads to rapid genetic change; an example of major importance in the two countries is sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080). Pathogenic agents, surgical sterilization, hormonal contraceptives and translocation have all been used with varying degrees of success. The strengths and weaknesses of these techniques are assessed. A method that has received much attention is immunocontraception. We argue that this attempt to use the animals’ own immune system to modulate reproduction is incompatible with the basic biological function of protection against infectious disease. Immune function genes are highly variable in vertebrates, and so often genetic change in the population subjected to immunocontraception is likely to be even more rapid than is the case with lethal agents. Selection for failure to respond to the immunocontraceptive will occur, and will change immune function in general. Poor scientific description of ecosystem complexity makes it difficult to predict the consequences of immunocontraception on wildlife populations.
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Engelhardt, I., J. G. De Aguinaga, H. Mikat, C. Schüth, O. Lenz, and R. Liedl. "Complexity versus simplicity: an example of groundwater model ranking with the Akaike Information Criterion." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (2012): 9687–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-9687-2012.
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Abstract. A groundwater model characterized by a lack of field data to estimate hydraulic model parameters and boundary conditions combined with many piezometric head observations was investigated concerning model uncertainty. Different conceptual models with a stepwise increase from 0 to 30 adjustable parameters were calibrated using PEST. Residuals, sensitivities, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and the likelihood of each model were computed. As expected, residuals and standard errors decreased with an increasing amount of adjustable model parameters. However, the model with only 15 adjusted parameters was evaluated by AIC as the best option with a likelihood of 98%, while the uncalibrated model obtained the worst AIC value. Computing of the AIC yielded the most important information to assess the model likelihood. Comparing only residuals of different conceptual models was less valuable and would result in an overparameterization of the conceptual model approach. Sensitivities of piezometric heads were highest for the model with five adjustable parameters reflecting also changes of extracted groundwater volumes. With increasing amount of adjustable parameters piezometric heads became less sensitive for the model calibration and changes of pumping rates were no longer displayed by the sensitivity coefficients. Therefore, when too many model parameters were adjusted, these parameters lost their impact on the model results. Additionally, using only sedimentological data to derive hydraulic parameters resulted in a large bias between measured and simulated groundwater level.
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Ashmore, Patrick. "4D archaeology." Antiquity 76, no. 293 (2002): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091237.
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IntroductionBy far the commonest absolute date estimates come from radiocarbon ages converted to dates by comparing them with the ages of tree rings of known date. There are still many problems with the technique. The quoted errors attached to most of the dates obtained between 1950 and around 1982 have to be increased by factors between 1.4 and 4 (Baillie 1990; Ashmore et al. 2000). There are plateaux in the calibration curve which mean that some ages correspond to an unacceptably wide range of calendar dates. Many archaeological sites contain pieces of charcoal much older than the main period of activity on them. Many charcoal dates obtained before about 1999 were from bulk samples and some demonstrably reflect mixing of charcoal of very different age, providing a meaningless date somewhere in between (Ashmore 1999a). There is now fairly abundant evidence that dates from poorly preserved bone, whether buried or cremated, can be centuries out. The marine effect, which has been assumed to make all Scottish shell dates 405 years too old, may fluctuate (Harkness 1983; Cook & Dugmore pers. comm.). The bones of people who ate food from marine sources show the marine effect and calculation of the required change to an age measured by a laboratory depends on a measurement of the strength of the marine effect at the time the person lived (Barrett et al. 2000). Some dates from residues on pots seem to represent accurately the time they formed; others for unknown reasons do not.
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Ashapkin, Vasily V., Lyudmila I. Kutueva, Nadezhda I. Aleksandrushkina, and Boris F. Vanyushin. "Epigenetic Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (2020): 7457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207457.
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Unlike animals, plants are immobile and could not actively escape the effects of aggressive environmental factors, such as pathogenic microorganisms, insect pests, parasitic plants, extreme temperatures, drought, and many others. To counteract these unfavorable encounters, plants have evolved very high phenotypic plasticity. In a rapidly changing environment, adaptive phenotypic changes often occur in time frames that are too short for the natural selection of adaptive mutations. Probably, some kind of epigenetic variability underlines environmental adaptation in these cases. Indeed, isogenic plants often have quite variable phenotypes in different habitats. There are examples of successful “invasions” of relatively small and genetically homogenous plant populations into entirely new habitats. The unique capability of quick environmental adaptation appears to be due to a high tendency to transmit epigenetic changes between plant generations. Multiple studies show that epigenetic memory serves as a mechanism of plant adaptation to a rapidly changing environment and, in particular, to aggressive biotic and abiotic stresses. In wild nature, this mechanism underlies, to a very significant extent, plant capability to live in different habitats and endure drastic environmental changes. In agriculture, a deep understanding of this mechanism could serve to elaborate more effective and safe approaches to plant protection.
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Dr. Vijay Kumar Garg, Sandhya N. dhage,. "Role of Machine Learning Approach for Detection and Classification of Diseases in Cotton Plant." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (2021): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.1488.
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Qualitative and quantitative agricultural production leads to economic benefits which can be achieved by periodic monitoring of crop, detection and prevention of crop diseases and insects. Quality of crop production is reduced by pest infection and crop diseases. Existing measures involves manual detection of cotton diseases by farmers and experts which requires regular monitoring and detection manifest at middle to later stage of infection which causes many disadvantages such as becoming too late for diseases to be cured. Lack of early detection of diseases causes the diseases to be spread in nearby crops in the field and also spraying of pesticides is done on entire field for minimizing the infection of disease. The main goal of proposed research topic is to find the solution to the agriculture problem which involves detecting disease in cotton plant at early stage and classify the disease based on symptoms. Early detection of disease at an early stage prevent it from spreading to another area and preventive measures can be taken by farmers by spraying pesticides to control its growth which helps to increase the cotton yield production. Automatic identification of the different diseases affecting cotton crop will give many benefits to the farmers so that time, money will be saved and also gives healthy life to the crop. The contribution of this paper is to present the machine learning approach used for cotton crop disease diagnosis and classification.
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TOMOIAGĂ, Liliana Lucia, Cristian TOMOIAGĂ, and Claudia TODORAN. "Mobile Application Development for Optimal and Rapid Diagnosis of Vine Diseases." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 74, no. 1 (2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12228.
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In a perennial culture such as the vine, late and inaccurate identification of the damage created by diseases and pests can cause significant crop loss or even the loss of the entire production. To support the growers in Romania, in 2010, we printed and also posted online on www.scvblaj.ro a guide on how to diagnose vine diseases and pests that describes in detail the most important pathogens together with pictures and various solutions in order to help the growers to bring the plants back to a healthy state whenever possible. Given the high number of growers in our country, especially small family growers, the guide is addressed to anyone, regardless of their past experience.Between 2010 and 2014, thousands of growers have accessed the online version of the guide and contacted us to request additional help. We gathered a lot of valuable information during that time but most notably the fact that many growers were contacting us too late, when a disease had already spread beyond any hope of recovery or worse after a wrong treatment was applied because of an inaccurate diagnosis.In recent years we noticed an increasing number of wrong diagnostics of vine diseases and a tendency for pathogens to be more aggressive. Thus finding a new solution, easily accessible to growers that would offer a faster, easier and up to date diagnosis, was necessary.Recent developments in the field of machine learning (Ghahramani, 2015), breakthroughs in computer vision (Krizhevsky et al., 2012) and the availability of cheap computational hardware has led us to look for a way to automatically detect and classify a disease just by having a computer or a mobile phone process a picture of an affected plant. Given the widespread availability of mobile devices, we believe we can help the vine growers further.
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Krisdiana, Ruly. "Penyebaran Varietas Unggul Kedelai dan Dampaknya terhadap Ekonomi Perdesaan." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 33, no. 1 (2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v33n1.2014.p61-69.
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<p>Improved soybean varieties are generally possessing high yield, resistant to major pests and diseases, and carrying other important properties. Until 2013 more than 70 improved varieties had been released, but not all are planted by farmers. The present research objectives were: (1) to identify the distribution and farmers preferences of improved soybean varieties, (2) to identify the adoption barrier of new soybean varieties, and (3) to estimate the economic contribution of the new soybean varieties. The study was conducted on soybean production centers in Indonesia, covering East Java, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, West Java, and South Sulawesi. The research was carried out using survey method, where samples of farmers were used as sources of the primary data. There were total of 600 farmer respondents. Analyses of the data applied the tabulation analysis, principal components analyses, and contributions analyses. The results showed that soybean varieties most widely adopted by farmers in order of the highest were: Anjasmoro (32.1% farmer users, covering area of 190,567 ha), Willis (17.9% farmer users, area of 93,187 ha), Mahameru (9.1% farmer users, area of 78,190 ha), Grobogan (11.2% farmer users, area of 71,576 ha). Farmer’s preferences to soybean variety, included the following characters: flowering at 35-40 days after planting, harvesting 70-75 days after planting, stem with many branches, yellow seed coat color, round seed shape, large seed size, and the grains sold easily. The reason of varieties was not being adopted by farmers include: unavailability of seeds at planting time, seed size was too small, seed price is too expensive, and the distance from farmers’ home to the seed kiosk was too far away. The economic contribution of improve soybean varieties was as followed: Anjasmoro (Rp 1.3 trillion), Mahameru (Rp 0.61 trillion), Grobogan (Rp 0.61 trillion), Willis (Rp 0.56 trillion), Baluran (Rp 0.25 trillion), while the other improved varieties (Argomulyo, Bromo, Orba, Kipas Merah, Galunggung, Kipas Putih, Davros, Gepak kuning, Gepak Hijau, Malabar, Burangrang, Mitani, Kaba, Lokon, Sinabung) each contributed to the rural economy in a total of Rp 0.57 trillion. The total economic contribution of all improved soybean varieties was estimated at Rp 3.9 trillion.</p>
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Lin, Yi-Bing, Yun-Wei Lin, Jiun-Yi Lin, and Hui-Nien Hung. "SensorTalk: An IoT Device Failure Detection and Calibration Mechanism for Smart Farming." Sensors 19, no. 21 (2019): 4788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214788.
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In an Internet of Things (IoT) system, it is essential that the data measured from the sensors are accurate so that the produced results are meaningful. For example, in AgriTalk, a smart farm platform for soil cultivation with a large number of sensors, the produced sensor data are used in several Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to provide precise farming for soil microbiome and fertility, disease regulation, irrigation regulation, and pest regulation. It is important that the sensor data are correctly used in AI modeling. Unfortunately, no sensor is perfect. Even for the sensors manufactured from the same factory, they may yield different readings. This paper proposes a solution called SensorTalk to automatically detect potential sensor failures and calibrate the aging sensors semi-automatically. Numerical examples are given to show the calibration tables for temperature and humidity sensors. When the sensors control the actuators, the SensorTalk solution can also detect whether a failure occurs within a detection delay. Both analytic and simulation models are proposed to appropriately select the detection delay so that, when a potential failure occurs, it is detected reasonably early without incurring too many false alarms. Specifically, our selection can limit the false detection probability to be less than 0.7%.
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Jones, L., and R. A. Criley. "204 Evaluation of Six Ficus Species for Interior Conditions." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 477B—477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.477b.
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The most popular Ficus for interior conditions is F. benjamina, which has many clonal selections but still drops its foliage too readily. We compared 4- to 5-foot-tall, shade-grown plants of F. nemoralis, F celebensis, F. binnendykii `Alii,' F. oblongifolia (?), and a selection of F. benjamina thought to be `Gulfstream' with F. benjamina `Exotica' that were transferred to the Hamilton Library of the Univ. Hawaii after 14 weeks under 50%, 65%, or 85% Saran shade. During a 9-week evaluation period, new growth, leaf drop, and photosynthesis were determined. Little new growth developed on any plants during the evaluation period in the library. Leaf loss was greatest for F. benjamina `Exotica,' followed by F. celebensis, while the other four species suffered little leaf loss. Leaf loss was greater for plants grown under 50% shade than for 80% shade, while leaf loss from plants produced under 65% shade was either greater or less than 80% shade, depending on species. Leaf loss was greater in low light sites (13.6 μM/m2 per s) than in medium conditions (20 μM/m2 per s) or near windows (29 μM/m2 pers). After the observation period, the plants were to be removed, but library staff asked to retain many plants as they liked the improved atmosphere the plants gave their office and library settings. Most popular for retention were F. binnendykii`Alii,' F. benjamina `Gulfstream,' and F. benjamina `Exotica,' which still looked good despite its high foliage loss initially. The weeping habits of F. nemoralis and F. oblongifolia (?) were not as desirable because of the space they required, although they are performing well after nearly 12 months in the library. F. celebensis, despite its attractive growth habit and foliage, was a disappointment as it lost many leaves and, over 12 months, developed chlorosis and exudation problems.
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Su, H., Y. Gao, Y. Liu, et al. "Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals candidate genes related to insecticide resistance ofGlyphodes pyloalis." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 1 (2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000257.
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AbstractGlyphodes pyloalisWalker (Lepidoptera: Pyralididae) is a common pest in sericulture and has developed resistance to different insecticides. However, the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance ofG. pyloalisare poorly understood. Here, we present the first whole-transcriptome analysis of differential expression genes in insecticide-resistant and susceptibleG. pyloalis. Clustering and enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed several biological pathways and enriched Gene Ontology terms were related to detoxification or insecticide resistance. Genes involved in insecticide metabolic processes, including cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferases and carboxylesterase, were identified in the larval midgut ofG. pyloalis.Among them,CYP324A19,CYP304F17,CYP6AW1,CYP6AB10,GSTs5, andAChE-likewere significantly increased after propoxur treatment, whileCYP324A19,CCE001c, andAChE-likewere significantly induced by phoxim, suggesting that these genes were involved in insecticide metabolism. Furthermore, the sequence variation analysis identified 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms withinCYP9A20,CYP6AB47,andCYP6AW1. Our findings reveal many candidate genes related to insecticide resistance ofG. pyloalis. These results provide novel insights into insecticide resistance and facilitate the development of insecticides with greater specificity toG. pyloalis.
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Johannesen, Ása, Øystein Patursson, Jóhannus Kristmundsson, Signar Pæturssonur Dam, and Pascal Klebert. "How caged salmon respond to waves depends on time of day and currents." PeerJ 8 (June 18, 2020): e9313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9313.
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Disease, pest control, and environmental factors such as water quality and carrying capacity limit growth of salmon production in existing farm areas. One way to circumvent such problems is to move production into more exposed locations with greater water exchange. Farming in exposed locations is better for the environment, but may carry unforeseen costs for the fish in those farms. Currents may be too strong, and waves may be too large with a negative impact on growth and profit for farmers and on fish welfare. This study employed two major fish monitoring methods to determine the ability of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to cope with wavy conditions in exposed farms. Echosounders were used to determine vertical distribution and horizontal preference of fish during different wave and current conditions as well as times of day. Video cameras were used to monitor shoal cohesion, swimming effort, and fish prevalence in locations of interest. The results indicate complex interacting effects of wave parameters, currents, and time of day on fish behaviour and vertical distribution. During the day, hydrodynamic conditions had stronger effects on vertical distribution than during the night. In weak currents, fish generally moved further down in taller waves, but stronger currents generally caused fish to move upwards regardless of wave conditions. Long period waves had unpredictable effects on vertical distribution with fish sometimes seeking deeper water and other times moving up to shallower water. It is unclear how much the cage bottom restricted vertical distribution and whether movement upwards in the water columns was related to cage deformation. In extreme cases, waves can reach below the bottom of a salmon cage, preventing fish from moving below the waves and cage deformation could exacerbate this situation. Farmers ought to take into consideration the many interacting effects on salmon behaviour within a cage as well as the potential for cage deformation when they design their farms for highly exposed locations. This will ensure that salmon are able to cope when storms and strong currents hit at the same time.
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Jaggard, Keith W., Aiming Qi, and Eric S. Ober. "Possible changes to arable crop yields by 2050." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (2010): 2835–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0153.
Full textAbstract:
By 2050, the world population is likely to be 9.1 billion, the CO 2 concentration 550 ppm, the ozone concentration 60 ppb and the climate warmer by ca 2°C. In these conditions, what contribution can increased crop yield make to feeding the world? CO 2 enrichment is likely to increase yields of most crops by approximately 13 per cent but leave yields of C4 crops unchanged. It will tend to reduce water consumption by all crops, but this effect will be approximately cancelled out by the effect of the increased temperature on evaporation rates. In many places increased temperature will provide opportunities to manipulate agronomy to improve crop performance. Ozone concentration increases will decrease yields by 5 per cent or more. Plant breeders will probably be able to increase yields considerably in the CO 2 -enriched environment of the future, and most weeds and airborne pests and diseases should remain controllable, so long as policy changes do not remove too many types of crop-protection chemicals. However, soil-borne pathogens are likely to be an increasing problem when warmer weather will increase their multiplication rates; control is likely to need a transgenic approach to breeding for resistance. There is a large gap between achievable yields and those delivered by farmers, even in the most efficient agricultural systems. A gap is inevitable, but there are large differences between farmers, even between those who have used the same resources. If this gap is closed and accompanied by improvements in potential yields then there is a good prospect that crop production will increase by approximately 50 per cent or more by 2050 without extra land. However, the demands for land to produce bio-energy have not been factored into these calculations.
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Mauro, Rosario Paolo, Michele Agnello, Andrea Onofri, Cherubino Leonardi, and Francesco Giuffrida. "Scion and Rootstock Differently Influence Growth, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Cherry Tomato." Plants 9, no. 12 (2020): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121725.
Full textAbstract:
Grafting is a valuable tool for managing problems of tomato soil-borne pathogens and pests, but often generates unpredictable effects on crop yield and product quality. To observe these rootstocks-induced changes, experimental designs including many rootstock-scion combinations are required. To this end, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on 63 graft combinations, involving seven cherry tomato scions grouped in large, medium and small-fruited, and eight rootstocks with different genetic backgrounds (crosses between Solanum lycopersicum and S. habrochaites or S. peruvianum or S. pimpinellifolium, plus an intraspecific hybrid), using ungrafted controls. The response of the graft partners was firstly analyzed individually using the environmental variance (σ2E), then by grouping them by classes. When analyzed individually, the scion genotype influenced fruit L*, b*, shape index, total soluble solids (TSS) and its ratio with tritatable acidity (TSS/TA), whereas plant growth and yield were unpredictable. After clustering the graft partners, some of these responses were attributable to the imposed classes. The S. habrochaites-derived hybrids maximized plant biomass, unlike the S. pimpinellifolium ones. Both classes reduced fruit biomass in small- and medium-fruited scions (by 11 and 14%, respectively). The S. habrochaites and S. peruvianum hybrids reduced a* and TSS, whereas promoted TA. L-ascorbic acid was reduced by grafting (from −23 to −45%), in the S. pimpinellifolium group too, indicating, even in low vigor rootstocks, a dilution effect worsening this nutraceutical trait of tomatoes.
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Samways, M. J. "Relationship between red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and its natural enemies in the upper and lower parts of citrus trees in South Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, no. 3 (1985): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300014498.
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AbstractIn mature Valencia orange trees at three sites in the Transvaal lowveld, there was a variable differential between levels of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) in the upper and lower parts of the trees. At one site there were high scale levels in the crowns of the trees as a result of past poor chemical spray procedure. In recent years, pest management has maximized on the use of natural enemies, especially Aphytis spp. However, the natural enemies have not been able to ameliorate the crown problem. At generally high levels of Aonidiella aurantii, the natural enemies were ableonly, more or less, to maintain the average overall level of the scale from one year to the next; they could not bring it down. This arose each year from too many scales escaping parasitism and reaching the relatively invincible adult stage early in the season. As the behaviour of the parasitoids was inversely density-dependent at these relatively high scale levels, this led to a greater increase in scale numbers, leading eventually to up to 90% of the population (excluding crawlers) being composed of adult females. The inverse density dependence was also partly because the majority of single scales escaped parasitoid attack. In the lowveld, it is a prerequisite that the density of A. aurantii first be lowered by an introduced natural enemy (e.g. the coccinellid Chilocorus nigritus (F.)) that attacks the adult stage and&sol; or by chemical means before maximal use is made of the regulatory influence of the existing natural enemies, particularly Aphytis spp.
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Monballyu, Jos. "Desertie naar de vijand in het Belgische frontleger tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Deel 2." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 72, no. 2 (2013): 140–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v72i2.12214.
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Over de motieven waarom Belgische militairen tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog naar de Duitse vijand deserteerden is al veel geschreven. Volgens de Franstalige patriottische pers en literatuur van kort na de Eerste Wereldoorlog was die desertie uitsluitend te wijten aan de defaitistische ingesteldheid van de Vlaamse Frontbeweging en de talrijke aansporingen waarmee hun vier afgezanten naar de Duitsers (Jules Charpentier, Karel De Schaepdrijver, Vital Haesaert en Carlos Van Sante) de Vlaamse soldaten aan het IJzerfront bestookten. De Vlaamse historici probeerden die beschuldiging op allerlei manieren te weerleggen of schoven de verantwoordelijkheid voor die desertie in de schoenen van Antoon Pira en zijn Algemeen Vlaamsch Democratische Verbond. Geen enkele historicus ging daarbij na wat de deserteurs zelf over hun desertie naar de vijand te vertellen hadden. Dit deden zij nochtans uitvoerig tijdens de verschillende gerechtelijke ondervragingen waaraan zij na de oorlog werden onderworpen wanneer zij konden worden aangehouden. Het feit dat zij daarbij al strafbaar waren van zodra zij wetens en willens deserteerden ongeacht hun eigenlijke motief, liet hen daarbij toe om dit motief vrij complexloos mee te delen. Geen enkele van de overlopers van wie het strafdossier bewaard is, gaf echter toe dat hij omwille van de Vlaamse kwestie was overgelopen. Oorlogsmoeheid en de behoefte om zijn familieleden terug te zien waren, zoals in alle legers, de voornaamste motieven waarom zij naar de vijand deserteerden. Ook de Belgische Militaire Veiligheid en de krijgsauditeurs slaagden er trouwens niet in om een verband te leggen tussen de Vlaamse Frontbeweging en de Belgische deserties naar de vijand.________Desertion to the enemy in the Belgian front army during the First World War (part 2)Much has already been written about the reasons why Belgian soldiers deserted to the German enemy during the First World War. According to the French language patriotic press and literature dating from shortly after the First World War that desertion was exclusively due to the defeatist attitude of the Flemish Front Movement and the many exhortations with which their four representatives to the Germans (Jules Charpentier, Karel De Schaepdrijver, Vital Haesaert and Carlos Van Sante) bombarded the Flemish soldiers at the Yser Front. Flemish historians attempted in a variety of ways to refute that accusation or they shifted the responsibility for the desertion on to Antoon Pira and his Algemeen Vlaamsch Democratische Verbond (General Flemish Democratic Union). Not a single historian investigated what the deserters themselves had to say about their desertion to the enemy. However, the deserters gave extensive explanations during the detailed investigation that took place during the various judicial interrogations, to which they were submitted after the war if it was possible to arrest them. The fact that they were considered to have committed a criminal offence for having knowingly deserted whatever their actual motive, allowed them to communicate this motive without too many complexes. However, none of the defectors whose criminal records have been preserved admitted that he had defected for the sake of the Flemish Question. As is the case in all armies, the main reasons for desertion to the enemy were war-weariness and the longing to see members of their family. The Belgian Military Security and the military auditors were not able either to establish a causal link between the Flemish Front Movement and the Belgian desertions to the enemy.
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Passioura, John B. "Translational research in agriculture. Can we do it better?" Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 6 (2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20066.
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‘Translational research’ became an increasingly common term when it was realised that much agriculturally inspired basic research failed to contribute to the improvement of crops. Most of the failure has come from laboratory-based attempts to ameliorate abiotic stresses. Dealing with biotic stress has been much more successful; the control of pests and weeds is often enabled by transforming crops with single genes, for such genes have little or no influence on a crop’s metabolism. By contrast, abiotic stress varies with the weather; i.e. crops respond systemically, over a range of levels of organisation (e.g. cells, tissues, organs), with many feedbacks and feedforwards. Drought is the most pervasive form of abiotic stress. There are 4600 papers that have searched, ineffectively, for ‘drought resistance’, a term that usually defies useful definition. By contrast, dealing with a measured, limited water supply (e.g. seasonal rainfall), rather than with ‘drought’, has effectively increased water-limited yield through agronomic innovation based on improving water-use efficiency. ‘Salt tolerance’ has similar difficulties; nevertheless, physiological knowledge has revealed effective single genes, in contrast to the failures of empirical gene prospecting. Another important goal has been to increase potential crop yield by exploring mechanistic opportunities to improve photosynthetic efficiency. These attempts have not, so far, succeeded, perhaps because they have rarely broached physiological responses beyond carbon balance, such as metabolic responses to environmental challenges that may affect meristematic development. A major reason for the predominant failure of translational research from laboratory to field is that the peer-review system is too narrow; i.e. reviewers have the same backgrounds as the authors. Effective translation will require the addition of reviewers who can assess the pathway from laboratory to field.
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Dar, Mudasir A., Neeraja P. Dhole, Rongrong Xie, et al. "Valorization Potential of a Novel Bacterial Strain, Bacillus altitudinis RSP75, towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion: An Assessment of Symbiotic Bacteria from the Stored Grain Pest, Tribolium castaneum." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (2021): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091952.
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Bioconversion of lignocellulose into renewable energy and commodity products faces a major obstacle of inefficient saccharification due to its recalcitrant structure. In nature, lignocellulose is efficiently degraded by some insects, including termites and beetles, potentially due to the contribution from symbiotic gut bacteria. To this end, the presented investigation reports the isolation and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the gut system of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Out of the 15 isolated bacteria, strain RSP75 showed the highest cellulolytic activities by forming a clearance zone of 28 mm in diameter with a hydrolytic capacity of ~4.7. The MALDI-TOF biotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strain RSP75 belongs to Bacillus altitudinis. Among the tested enzymes, B. altitudinis RSP75 showed maximum activity of 63.2 IU/mL extract for xylanase followed by β-glucosidase (47.1 ± 3 IU/mL extract) which were manifold higher than previously reported activities. The highest substrate degradation was achieved with wheat husk and corn cob powder which accounted for 69.2% and 54.5%, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy showed adhesion of the bacterial cells with the substrate which was further substantiated by FTIR analysis that depicted the absence of the characteristic cellulose bands at wave numbers 1247, 1375, and 1735 cm−1 due to hydrolysis by the bacterium. Furthermore, B. altitudinis RSP75 showed co-culturing competence with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for bioethanol production from lignocellulose as revealed by GC-MS analysis. The overall observations signify the gut of T. castaneum as a unique and impressive reservoir to prospect for lignocellulose-degrading bacteria that can have many biotechnological applications, including biofuels and biorefinery.