Academic literature on the topic 'Tool axis inclination angle'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tool axis inclination angle"
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Sadílek, Marek, Robert Čep, Igor Budak, and Mirko Soković. "Aspects of Using Tool Axis Inclination Angle." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 57, no. 09 (2011): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2010.205.
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Han, Shi Guo, and Jun Zhao. "Effect of Tool Inclination Angle on Surface Quality in 5-Axis Ball-End Milling." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2080.
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Because of the complexity of five-axis ball-end milling process, it is difficult to control the quality of the finished parts. It is well known that one of the most important differences between 5-axis and 3-axis CNC machining is whether tool-axis vector is variable in milling process. In this paper, the tool orientation is researched in order to obtain desired surface quality and improve production efficiency. And the influence of tool inclination angle on surface integrity, especially surface topography/roughness and residual stress in high-speed milling of P20 die steel is studied by means of milling experiments including 8 cases of ball-end milling of freeform surface. Finally, the optimal tool inclination angles including lead angle and tilt angle and milling method were obtained for 5-axis ball-end milling. And in the meanwhile, cutting condition can be improved and better surface quality can be obtained by selecting reasonable tool inclination angles and up/down milling method.
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Kiswanto, Gandjar, Vinsensius Ricko, and S. Suntoro. "Tool Inclination Angle Change Rate Control in Five-Axis Flat-End Milling." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.819.
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Five-axis milling is used in the machining of complex shaped surfaces in a wide range of industries. In five-axis milling, one can adjust inclination angle to adapt such machining condition, e.g. to give high material removal and/or to avoid gouging. Choosing an appropriate inclination angle is difficult especially for complex parts with varying surface curvature. On the one hand, a small inclination angle is recommended to have good surface roughness and small scallop height. On the other hand, some regions may need much larger minimum inclination angle compared to the others to avoid gouging. The trade off for this is to have, in practice, a varying minimum (which is considered to be optimal) inclination angle along the tool path, so that while machining, the tool is dynamically adapted to be as close as possible to the surface without gouging. However, applying inclination angle change over some distances influences the quality of machined surface. This paper presented a method to control such inclination angle change to improve part accuracy. Some experimental were conducted to see the results and compared with the one when inclination angle change is not controled. The propose method effectively reduces the surface deviation thus improve part accuracy. More details about this study are presented in the paper.
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Gdula, Michał. "Determination and Analysis of Working Diameters and Working Angle of the Torus Cutter Blade in Multi-axis Machining in the Aspect of Tool Wear." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research 13, no. 5 (2024): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmerr.13.5.535-547.
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The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical and experimental analysis of the multi-axis milling process by the torus milling cutter of nickel-based superalloy parts in terms of surface quality and tool wear. In the analytical part, using, among other things, matrix calculus and trigonometric relationships, mathematical models were developed to describe the relationships between the tool axis orientation and the geometric parameters of the cutting layer at the contact point. On this basis, mathematical relationships for contact diameter and effective diameter were derived. The basis for these considerations is the very rarely considered working angle of the cutter blade. In part of the experimental study, machining tests were carried out for selected kinematic variants of multi-axis cutting. Based on the results obtained, it was found that as the tool axis inclination angle increases, the contact diameter increases. The effective diameter at the upper characteristic point of the cutting layer increases up to a certain angle of inclination, after which it begins to decrease. The rotational angle of the tool axis does not affect any of the diameters, but it does affect the displacement of the contact point, the values of the working angle of the tool blade and the feed-related component decrease. The result of this displacement is a change from climb milling to conventional milling, which has significantly degraded surface quality and tool life. The best results of the machining test were obtained when only the angle of inclination of the tool axis was used. It was concluded that the parameter tool blade working angle can be a control variable in a multi-axis milling process and has a major impact on the physical aspects of the cutting process.
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Hendriko, Hendriko, Amnur Akhyan, Ganjdar Kiswanto, and Emmanuel Duc. "The Effect of Tool Orientation to Cut Geometry in Five-Axis Milling Using Analytical Boundary Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 719 (November 2016): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.719.149.
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One of the characteristics of five-axis milling is the tool can be oriented in any direction. It makes the tool orientation could be changed continuously during a free-form machining process. Consequently, the work to predict Cutter Workpiece Engagement (CWE) become more challenging. The existence of tool inclination angle and screw angle influence the profile of cut geometry. In this paper, an improved method to define the lower engagement point (LE-point) is presented. The algorithm was developed by taken into consideration the existence of inclination angle and screw angle. The extended method to calculate grazing point in swept envelope development was utilized to define LE-point. The developed model was successfully implemented to generate CWE data with various combination of tool orientation angle. From the test it was found that inclination angle gives significant effect to the location of LE-point.
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Liu, Hong Jun, Jing Yu Cao, and Ji Bin Zhao. "Research of the Tool Orientation Optimization with Kinematical Constraints." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2143.
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Drastic change of the tool axis vector for five-axis CNC machining due to avoid global interference, proposed gentle forward, over-backward correction method to optimize the tool axis vector. Established a machine tool axis of rotation angular velocity constraints, and feed coordinate system, through the feed coordinate system adjust the inclination angle and swing angle of the existing tool axis vector to make the tool axis vector change between each adjacent cutter contact points satisfy the machine axis of rotation kinematics constraints and to ensure the continuity of feed rate during processing. Algorithm simulation examples show that the proposed method is reasonably practicable, make the tool axis vector changes fairing to ensure the smooth and efficient processing.
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Xie, Chuan, Ling Ling He, and Bing Lin. "Research and Design of a Spatial Attitude Measurement System for Drilling Tools." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.353.
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Autonomous navigation research in the process of drilling has been a very challenging advanced topic and it requires the drill pole must adjust their own space attitude before the directional move. Strapdown inertial navigation has an explicit definition of the space attitude information which will be reflected by the inclination, the azimuth angle and the tool face angle specifically. For the defect in the open mathematical model solver of the spatial attitude information, we derive another mathematical model of the inclination, the magnetic azimuth angle and the tool face angle with the space coordinates transformation, the spatial straight line equation and the dog-leg angle’s definition and give the specific achievable plan by making use of the triple-axis accelerometer and the triple-axis magnetometer. The experimental result indicated that this plan can get the correct spatial attitude within ±0.1º error to the inclination and ±1.5º error to magnetic azimuth angle and the tool face angle. In addition, its cost is very low and the volume is very small, so it is really an ideal choice for the spatial attitude measurement system.
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Sadílek, Marek, Zdeněk Poruba, Lenka Čepová, and Michal Šajgalík. "Increasing the Accuracy of Free-Form Surface Multiaxis Milling." Materials 14, no. 1 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010025.
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This contribution deals with the accuracy of machining during free-form surface milling using various technologies. The contribution analyzes the accuracy and surface roughness of machined experimental samples using 3-axis, 3 + 2-axis, and 5-axis milling. Experimentation is focusing on the tool axis inclination angle—it is the position of the tool axis relative to the workpiece. When comparing machining accuracy during 3-axis, 3 + 2-axis, and 5-axis milling the highest accuracy (deviation ranging from 0 to 17 μm) was achieved with 5-axis simultaneous milling (inclination angles βf = 10 to 15°, βn = 10 to 15°). This contribution is also enriched by comparing a CAD (Computer Aided Design) model with the prediction of milled surface errors in the CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) system. This allows us to determine the size of the deviations of the calculated surfaces before the machining process. This prediction is analyzed with real measured deviations on a shaped surface—using optical three-dimensional microscope Alicona Infinite Focus G5.
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Jemitola, Paul O., Guido Monterzino, John Fielding, and Craig Lawson. "Tip fin inclination effect on structural design of a box-wing aircraft." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 227, no. 1 (2012): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410011426528.
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Computational studies were performed at conceptual design level to investigate the structural implications of changing only the tip fin inclinations on a medium-range box wing aircraft. Tip fin inclination refers to the angle the tip fin makes to the vertical body axis of the aircraft. This study is mainly addressed to conceptual designers. For different tip fin inclinations, flight loads were generated using a vortex lattice tool. These flight loads were then input into finite element simulations allowing the preliminary structural elements to be sized. For the category of aircraft considered, no significant variations in wing structural design drivers as a function of tip fin inclination were observed.
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Aliakberov, Il'fat, Sergey Yakhin, and Lenar Nuriev. "DESCRIPTION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE ELLIPSE NEEDLE DISC OF THE SOIL PROCESSING TOOL." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 2 (2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-65-69.
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Due to the well-known advantages, rotary tillage implements are widely used in the cultivation of many agricultural crops. Structurally, the working units of rotary implements are located (installed) on the frame, as a rule, sequentially one after the other. This reduces the maneuverability of the tillage unit, increases the material consumption of the implement and the energy consumption of the technological operation. In the rotary tillage tool developed at Kazan State Agrarian University for pre-sowing soil cultivation, these disadvantages are eliminated by installing a spiral-screw working unit and a section of active ellipsoidal needle disks on the frame coaxially. The research was carried out in order to determine and substantiate the design parameters of the elliptical needle disk. A theoretical dependence is obtained to substantiate the angle α of inclination of the major axis of the ellipsoid disk to the axis of rotation. It was revealed that its rational value must correspond to the condition: α> 44°…62°. An expression for determining the number of needles on a disk is given. The calculation carried out with a disk diameter D= 0.4 m, an angle α= 65 °, an indicator of a kinematic mode λ= 2, a mulching depth a= 0.04 m, a ridging h= 0.004 m showed that a rational number of needles per disc k= 16. Analytically, a theoretical expression for determining the angle of inclination of the needles to the axis of rotation has been derived. The calculation performed at α= 65 ° revealed that the first needle is inclined to the axis of rotation at a minimum angle jmin= 65 °, the fifth and thirteenth needles are inclined to the axis of rotation at an angle of 90 °, the ninth needle is inclined to the axis of rotation at a maximum angle jmax= 115 °. Also obtained are theoretical dependences for determining the angle of attachment of the needles on the hub and the length of the needles along the entire perimeter of the disk. The calculation showed that each needle is fixed on the disc hub at its calculated angle of inclination, equal to 29.0°...32.6°, and the length of the needles along the perimeter of the hub varies within 0.1372 ... 0.1503 m
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tool axis inclination angle"
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De, Oliveira Neto Pedro Jose. "An Investigation of Unsteady Aerodynamic Multi-axis State-Space Formulations as a Tool for Wing Rock Representation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29600.
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The objective of the present research is to investigate unsteady aerodynamic models with state equation representations that are valid up to the high angle of attack regime with the purpose of evaluating them as computationally affordable models that can be used in conjunction with the equations of motion to simulate wing rock. The unsteady aerodynamic models with state equation representations investigated are functional approaches to modeling aerodynamic phenomena, not directly derived from the physical principles of the problem. They are thought to have advantages with respect to the physical modeling methods mainly because of the lower computational cost involved in the calculations. The unsteady aerodynamic multi-axis models with state equation representations investigated in this report assume the decomposition of the airplane into lifting surfaces or panels that have their particular aerodynamic force coefficients modeled as dynamic state-space models. These coefficients are summed up to find the total aircraft force coefficients. The products of the panel force coefficients and their moment arms with reference to a given axis are summed up to find the global aircraft moment coefficients. Two proposed variations of the state space representation of the basic unsteady aerodynamic model are identified using experimental aerodynamic data available in the open literature for slender delta wings, and tested in order to investigate their ability to represent the wing rock phenomenon. The identifications for the second proposed formulation are found to match the experimental data well. The simulations revealed that even though it was constructed with scarce data, the model presented the expected qualitative behavior and that the concept is able to simulate wing rock.<br>Ph. D.
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Chaura, Václav. "Přestavba zavěšení předních kol automobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400428.
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This diploma thesis is focused on the design of the conversion of the car front suspension for racing purpose. Existing suspension solution is described by analyse static and kinematic quantities. Furthermore, a change of suspension is proposed to improve the driving characteristics of the vehicle, where the kinematic, dynamic and strength analysis of the newly designed suspension is performed. The conclusion summarizes the comparison of the original and the new suspension design.
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Wei, Ching-chih, and 韋經智. "Applying Visibility Theorem to Optimize the Five-axis Machining Setup Height and Tool-axis Angle." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15377724776840386615.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>機械工程系<br>102<br>For current five-axis machining, the CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) software mainly concerns about the ranges of the two rotary axes, and the collision avoidance between the tool and the workpiece. However, there are still two potential problems in real cutting: one is the collision between the spindle and the work table; the other is over-traveling for the three linear axes. Both problems will not be found out until the tool paths are generated and used for the simulation of virtual cutting with a real machine model. If the mentioned problems occur, then we must adjust the position of the workpiece and regenerate the tool paths until the problems are solved by trial-and-error. Obviously, there is no guarantee that a viable solution can be found. The objective of this research was to develop a practical computer program to make sure that there are no mentioned problems for the workpiece so that the tool paths need to be generated only once. The method of this research was based on the visibility map (V-map). We converted the surfaces of the workpiece into a group of tiny triangular surfaces. For each triangular surface, we can use the developed program to check the visibility, over-traveling, and interference between the spindle and the work table. Next, we can use the program to find out the lowest fixture height and the smallest tool angle so that we can optimize these two parameters, and then we can use the optimized tool angle to modify the tool paths generated by the CAM software to improve the quality of cutting. Four cases were used in the study to demonstrate the benefits of the research. The main advantage of the computer program is to eliminate the trial-and-error in the CAM process to reduce the tool path planning time with the optimal setup. Currently there is no such program used in industry, so the research outcome can definitely be beneficial to the five-axis machining industry.
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Liang, Jia-Shiung, and 梁家雄. "The research of 5-axis machining error and tool''s tilt angle." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65803884180666770328.
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WANG, CHUN-HSIANG, and 王俊翔. "Using a Five Axis Machine Tool to Reserch the Wedge Angle used to Hold the Trapezoidal Workpiece." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62864079546523957344.
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碩士<br>聖約翰科技大學<br>機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班<br>105<br>In order to make the bottom of the thin and asymmetric trapezoidal workpiece paste together with the top of the parallel blocks while milling, it is possible to improve the fit situation by using the crescent moon shape wedge as proposed in this paper.
The use of crescent moon shape wedge on the vise to hold the oblique side of the workpiece, such as trapezoid workpiece, in addition to increase the speed of loading and unloading the workpiece, the most important thing is that it can really make the bottom of the workpiece and the bottom of the parallel blocks very close to each other. In order to achieve the purpose of precision clamping.
Because of the wedge angle of the wedge will seriously affect the clamping situation, so in our first study we will use the CNC five-axis machine tool to process different angles of the crescent moon shape wedges and different angles of the trapezoid workpieces, and then to explore the crescent moon shape wedges and the trapezoid workpieces in different design clamping situation, in order to enhance the stability and accuracy of crescent moon shape wedge clamping.
It is proved that trapezoidal workpieces with different inclination can be used when the wedge angle is set to 4 °.
Book chapters on the topic "Tool axis inclination angle"
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Aksenov, Leonid B., and Sergey N. Kunkin. "Hot Orbital Forging by Tool with Variable Angle of Inclination." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72929-9_1.
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Bui, Van-Hung, Patrick Gilles, Guillaume Cohen, and Walter Rubio. "Develop Model for Controlled Depth Milling by Abrasive Water Jet of Ti6Al4V at Jet Inclination Angle." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_5.
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AbstractAbrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is an interesting solution for the production of shallow pockets in metal sheets made of titanium alloys. Indeed, it produces low cutting forces and heat generation and prevents deformation of these parts after machining. In addition, it has the advantage of only using two raw materials: sand and water. It is possible to generate pocket edges with an imposed geometry using AWJM, but it is necessary to tilt the axis of the jet. The material removal mechanism is then a function of the inclination angle. The presented study propose an improved model for modelling the pocket profile in TiAl6V parts. The experimental results shows that the model is efficient as the precision is around 5%.
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Filho, Edison Silva, Lucas José da Costa, Felipe Akio Matsuoka, et al. "Estimation of Heart Inclination Angle Using Posteroanterior Chest Radiograph and Comparison with Cardiac Axis Obtained from Synthesized Vectorcardiogram." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49404-8_1.
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Song, Zhengyu, Cong Wang, and Yong He. "Autonomous Guidance Control for Ascent Flight." In Autonomous Trajectory Planning and Guidance Control for Launch Vehicles. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0613-0_2.
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AbstractThe purpose of the guidance control is to release a payload into a prescribed target orbit (PTO) accurately. The parameters that determine an orbit are called orbital elements (OEs), which include the semi-major axis a, the eccentricity e, the argument of perigee $$\omega $$ ω , the inclination angle i, and the longitude of ascending node (LAN) or the right ascension of ascending node (RAAN) $$\Omega $$ Ω , where a and e can be converted to the perigee height $$h_p$$ h p and the apogee height $$h_a$$ h a . Thus, the guidance mission of a launcher is a typical optimal control problem with multi-terminal constraints, which requires complex iterative calculations. Considering various constraints in practical applications, such as the accuracy of inertial navigation systems and the performances of embedded computing devices (speed and storage capacity), guidance methods need to balance the mission requirements, hardware resources, and algorithm complexity. A variety of guidance methods has been developed with distinct era characteristics.
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Luong, Hai-Chung, Hoanh-Son Truong, Kien-Trung Nguyen, Van-Huong Tran, Thai-Son Le, and Chuong-Dao Nguyen. "The Effect of Cutting Tool Tilt Angle on Surface Quality in Machining on a Four-Axis Turn-Mill Machine." In Proceedings in Technology Transfer. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7083-0_27.
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Maghfirah, Tuzarra, and Gandjar Kiswanto. "Development of a Method to Evaluate the Influence of Inclination Angle Changing Rate on the Surface Roughness and Waviness." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230095.
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A five-axis milling machine is widely used in the machining of products with complex surfaces and geometries. But there is a problem with the quality of the machined surface and machining efficiency. The inclination angle has a significant impact on surface quality as a parameter in 5-axis milling. Based on complex changes in inclination angles, it is necessary to develop a toolpath using CAM software. In this paper, the incline milling method is developed to evaluate the influence of inclination angle changing rate on surface quality of the machined surface. From the surface roughness and waviness data that will be obtained, the effect of difference in inclination angle changing rate can be used to evaluate the surface roughness and waviness of the machined surface so that the surface roughness and waviness characteristics are in line with the desired production quality. In this method, the inclination angle is formed between the tool and the workpiece, allowing more than one inclination model to be made on one drive surface based on a surface contour. The research results show that the method developed will be very useful in its application to the production process of parts with sculpted surfaces. Using this method, the influence of the inclination angle changing rate on the surface roughness and waviness of the machine surface can be evaluated, and the waviness and roughness of the sculpture surface can be controlled by choosing the right angle of inclination.
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Luan, Heng, Xiantao Shu, and Jiabing Wang. "Effect of Installation Errors of Helical Gear on Bearing Capacity." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230472.
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Broken tooth roots due to mounting errors in helical gears at high speeds and heavy loads are a common problem in steel mills. Based on the contact characteristics of helical gears, this paper uses the finite element method to simulate the bending stress at the root of the pinion gear and the contact stress at the tooth surface under two cases of different center distance error and axis parallelism error, analysis of the reasonable fluctuation range of the maximum principal stress and the maximum contact stress is obtained by fitting the relationship between these two stresses and the variation of the two errors, and then the bending and contact strengths are calibrated based on the simulation results. The study shows that the gears’ strength can meet the requirements when installed according to the grade seven gear transmission accuracy of the national standard of involute cylindrical gear accuracy, under the case of center distance error; under the case of the parallelism error, the inclination angle should be controlled within 0°3′2′′ to meet the minimum service safety factor conditions. The steel mills strictly control the above-mentioned installation accuracy when using helical gear drives, which can avoid gear tooth root breakage and improve the efficiency and reliability of gear drives.
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Hadjkacem, Sahar, Mohamed Ali Jemni, and Zied Driss. "Turbine Swirling Device Effect on LPG-H2 Engine In-Cylinder Flow Motion at Intake Stroke." In Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications: Volume 3. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815179279123030006.
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The main issue of internal combustion (IC) engines is efficiency. Engine inlet systems should be carefully designed to provide an optimum flow to the cylinder. Inlet manifold design is one of the ways to increase efficiency. This study focuses on improving the inlet system of an LPG-H2 fueled engine by adding a static inclined blade turbine. It is a horizontal rotational axis turbine with four blades evenly distributed with an angle of inclination of 35°. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are used in order to capture the in-cylinder flow motion and its influence on the flow characteristics. The method is assessed by application to flow calculations in the intake manifold for 3000 rpm engine speed. The percentage of supplied Hydrogen with LPG is equal to 20% in volume. The simulation results of in-cylinder turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), velocity and swirl motion were presented and discussed. Numerical results reveal significant improvements in the in-cylinder flow velocity, in-cylinder swirl motion and turbulent characteristics using an inlet system with a static swirling turbine (SST). Hence, this research found that by using a static turbine, we can improve the in-cylinder flow characteristics of the CI engine running with the LPG-20%H2 blend.
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Hu Min, Han Weixing, Liu Jun, Jang Chengfan, and Wang Suxia. "Extraction and Quantification Clusters of Three-Dimensional Lorenz Plots." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-118.
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Lorenz plot (LP) method gives a global view of long-time electrocardiogram signals, is an efficient simple visualization tool to analyze heart rate variability and cardiac arrhythmias. 50 records of RR-interval time series with frequent premature complexes exported from 24-hour Holter. Constructed three-dimensional LP (3DLP) with three successive RR intervals as X, Y and Z axis in Cartesian coordinate system for each record, then stereographic projection it along the space diagonal. The radii of dots distinguished eccentric clusters (ECs) points from centric clusters' with the accuracy of 94 &plusmn; 6.0%. The eccentric scatter-dots were separated and identified by the frequency distribution characteristic on azimuth, with the accuracy of 93 &plusmn; 13.3% ECs. The APF&lt; &minus;2.8&deg; of CPN EC supported the ventricular extrasystoles diagnosis, with excellent sensitivity (1.0) and specificity (0.92). The transformed coordinates (polar radius and angle) of 3DLP could extract and quantify clusters to diagnose arrhythmia, and might provide additional prognosis information.
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LeBlanc R., Labelle H., Rivard C.-H., Poitras B., and Kratzenberg J. "Three-Dimensional (3D) Postural Evaluation of Normal Human Subjects." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-881-6-293.
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We have developed a new technique for clinical evaluation of the human posture based on magnetic field 3D digitization. The aim of this study was to identify key morphological parameters that could be of interest in the comprehension of postural habits in normal subjects. Nineteen subjects have been evaluated. External anatomical marks are digitized. These anatomical marks defined 3 distinct regions: the head, the shoulder girdle, and the pelvic girdle. The postural evaluation gives the relative position of each region one to another and in relation to an axis system. Measurement error is 6,0 mm. The most interesting parameters are the level of the shoulders, the pelvic obliquity and the trunk shift in the postero-anterior view and the angle of the shoulder-blades vs. the shoulders in the transverse plane (p&lt; 0,0005). With these results, we now know a little bit more about posture at least in normal subjects. This 3D technique will probably be seen as an interesting clinical tool for postural evaluation and specially for AIS patients. This technique is non-invasive and could be used for clinical follow-up in order to evaluate the evolution of the posture in the scoliotic patients.
Conference papers on the topic "Tool axis inclination angle"
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Wen, Hao, Yaohua Fan, and Suibin Liu. "Tool Swing Angle Control for Multi-axis Machining of Molars." In 2024 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics, IoT and Industrial Informatics (ICMIII). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmiii62623.2024.00029.
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Ball, Adam, Ray Secondo, Dhruv Fomra, Jingwei Wu, Samprity Saha, and Nathaniel Kinsey. "Temporal Knife-Edge: Epsilon-near-zero Characterization Tool." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fth1l.3.
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Using the nonlinear optical characterization technique beam deflection, we utilize an off-axis excitation scheme in order to characterize input pulses for their temporal and spatial widths, angle, and relative offset with femtosecond and micron resolution.
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Ledenyák, Daniel, Tamás Rosta, and Mátyás Andó. "Improve the Practical Usability of Ballbar Machine Tool Verification." In 10th International Scientific Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-hws2i5.
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The ballbar measurement process is a useful friendly and quick way to verify a machine tool’s accuracy. The ballbar is a telescopic linear sensor with two precision balls at both ends. During the measurement, the sensor’s end is precisely located with the support of the magnetic cups, resulting in the +/- micrometer accurate measurement of radius in each of points of circular path. A CNC machine’s accuracy could be affected with several defects like defective tooling, worn spindles, or issues with workpiece clamping. The errors related to the machine are known as geometric, play related or dynamic. These issues can occur at a used or at a brand new, or just a not properly installed machine too. These problems should be eliminated in order to ensure defect free machining. The values are available quickly and to decrease the uncertainty of the process the measurement can be performed on different parts of the machining table. As a result of the ballbar measurement the values are listed for each angle around a circle with the deviation from the theoretical perfectly round. The values give a proper overview of the condition of the machine. Based on the measurement results are connected to polar coordinates, which show the deviation in polar directions. The basic idea behind this study, that these values could be more useful for the everyday production processes than just machine state and maintenance related results. The main barrier is that the values are in polar coordinate till the programming running mostly in Cartesian coordinate system. Our study focuses on preparing an extended data processing to better understand the condition of the machine and use these values as support of the manufacture programs. The solution with the use of modern mathematical background ensures to use the values as corrections and to map the different locations of the workplace of the 3-axis machine.
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Fountas, Nikolaos A., John Kechagias, Redha Benhadj-Djilali, Constantinos I. Stergiou, and Nikolaos M. Vaxevanidis. "Optimizing 5-Axis Sculptured Surface Finish Machining Through Design of Experiments and Neural Networks." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20210.
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Five axis machining and CAM software play key role to new manufacturing trends. Towards this direction, a series of 5 axis machining experiments were conducted in CAM environment to simulate operations and collect results for quality objectives. The experiments were designed using an L27 orthogonal array addressing four machining parameters namely tool type, stepover, lead angle and tilt angle (tool inclination angles). Resulting outputs from the experiments were used for the training and testing of a feed-forward, back-propagation neural network (FFBP-NN) towards the effort of optimizing surface deviation and machining time as quality objectives. The selected ANN inputs were the aforementioned machining parameters. The outputs were the surface deviation (SD) and machining time (tm). Experimental results were utilized to train, validate and test the ANN. Major goal is to provide results robust enough to predict optimal values for quality objectives, thus; support decision making and accurate machining modelling.
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Chernukha, Polina, Adrian Spencer, and James A. Colwill. "The Effect of Manufacturing Tolerances on the Performance of Gas Turbine Air System Metering Holes With Chamfered Inlets." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76875.
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The current study represents an experimental and steady-state computational analysis of the mass flow through a single metering orifice with uniform and non-uniform chamfers. Chamfered holes have been used extensively in gas turbine air-systems for the ease of production and their (relatively high) discharge coefficient is insensitive to typical chamfer depth tolerances. This work extends the understanding of chamfer tolerances by investigating non-uniform chamfers due to angular misalignment of the chamfer tool relative to the hole. The range of the deviation angles between the axis of the tool and the axis of the metering orifice was 0–12°. The tests were performed in the pressure ratio range of 1.1...1.48, representing the range between idle and take-off operation points. A 3D CFD analysis of the tests using the Shear-Stress Transport (SST) k–ω model to simulate the mean flow field inside the metering orifice has also been completed. The results showed that at large pressure ratios, representative of the take-off operation point, the metering orifice with non-uniform chamfers showed reduction in mass flow delivery as high as 4%. A threshold in metering holes performance was detected for the tool inclination of 9.5°. At low pressure ratios, for conditions typically representative of idle operation point, a small deviation angle causes mass flow increase across the orifice.
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Zhu, Hongye, Xingtuan Yang, Haibo Lian, and Shengyao Jiang. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Natural Circulation Under Inclined Condition." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15444.
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Natural circulation systems are broadly used in marine environments. When accidents happen, these systems may work under inclined condition. In this paper, we conducted a series of experimental study on the thermohydraulics behavior of natural circulation in a symmetric two-circuit loop under the inclined angle from 0∼45°. A CFD model is also set up and predicts the results well in comparing with the experiments. Both experimental and numerical analysis show that with the increase of inclined angle, the total circulation flow rate decreases. When the loop inclines about the axis perpendicular to the circulation, one circulation is depressed while the other is enhanced; accordingly the disparity between the branch circulations arises and increases with the increase of inclined angle. The flow pattern of the circulation under larger inclined angle (45∼90°) condition is also studied by CFD model. At large inclined angle the circulation is mainly happens in one circuit. Also based on this model, the influences of flow resistance distribution and loop configuration on natural circulation are predicted. The numerical results show that to design the loop with the configuration of big altitude difference and small width are favorable to confine the influence of inclination; however too small loop width will cause sever reduction of circulation ability in large angle inclination.
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Kjærstad, V., V. Martinsen, H. Holden, A. Cetin, and R. Rossi. "A Novel Taring Method for Accurate Determination of BOP Motion Sensor Installation Offset." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4043/35683-ms.
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Abstract Accurate determination of absolute angles is critical for optimizing the performance and safety of offshore drilling operations. Among other benefits, precise measurements enable optimal rig positioning, reduce static loads on the wellhead and surrounding soil, and enhance tool deployment through the lower flex joint (LFJ). Central to achieving these outcomes is the proper alignment of Blowout Preventer (BOP) motion sensors, which provide essential data for monitoring and controlling equipment dynamics. High accuracy inclination measurements on subsea equipment are crucial for optimizing rig positioning, reducing static loads on the wellhead, and improving tooling operations through LFJ. Traditional taring approaches have shown to introduce significant inaccuracies. Removing sensor installation tolerances is important (sensor taring) to achieve the desired accuracy. As a response, a novel method for determining the installation offset of BOP motion sensors with enhanced accuracy has been developed. Traditional methods for taring BOP motion sensors assume that the BOP is perfectly vertical at the moment it lands on the wellhead. However, this assumption fails to account for external factors such as sea currents, uneven mass distribution, and other environmental variables. These factors introduce inaccuracies that can exceed 1 degree, potentially compromising operational efficiency and safety. In this paper, we present a novel approach to BOP sensor taring that significantly improves static accuracy, achieving an error margin of less than 0.05 degrees. Developed through collaboration between Drilling Monitoring, 4Subsea, and industry partners, the method employs a specially designed taring tool to determine the exact angle of the BOP's core vertical axis. This allows for precise calculation and correction of installation offsets in the Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP) and riser motion sensors. This paper explores the development and field validation of this new method, highlighting its impact on key functionalities such as LFJ relative angle determination, rig position optimization, and wellhead inclination monitoring. By addressing the limitations of traditional practices, the proposed method offers significant advancements in offshore drilling performance and reliability.
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Luxcey, Neil, Øystein Johannessen, and Sébastien Fouques. "Static Stability of Floating Units in Operational Conditions: A Physics-Driven Approach." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62489.
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When designing a new floating unit concept, static stability computations are performed in order to check stability criteria defined in regulations. Calculations for design conditions generally include the estimation of buoyancy force, gravity force and wind force acting on the floater for a given condition and a desired axis of rotation. However, when studying the stability of a floating platform in operational conditions, all external forces acting on the unit should be comprised in the assessment in order to get a more realistic — and even physically admissible — picture of the platform stability. Those forces include among others wind, current and anchor line system forces. In addition, limiting the study to one axis of rotation may not provide a complete picture of the floater stability, especially when the hull is of a semi-submersible type. Following this physical approach, a numerical tool has been developed based on the SINTEF Ocean’s SIMA software package. The latter package initially includes a time domain simulator of complex multibody systems for marine operations. The developed tool provides accurate physical models for each force component that may have effects on the stability. It opens the possibility to study the operational stability of a floater without restraining the study to one axis of rotation. It also allows the analysis of damaged conditions with large inclination angles. This paper describes the model implemented in this numerical tool. Validation work is presented for simple geometries. Results from an operational stability study of a semi-submersible are discussed. Finally, possible further work is discussed.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Ivan Holovach, Oleg Adamchuk, Adolfs Rucins, and Aivars Aboltins. "Research in mineral fertiliser particle throwing distance from new centrifugal fertilizer spreader working tool." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf110.
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The produced mineral fertiliser spreaders have the working width and productivity that do not satisfy today’s requirements in high-technology agricultural production. It refers also to the distance the mineral fertiliser particle can reach. We have developed a new centrifugal fertilizer spreading working tool with an inclined axis of rotation. It allows for increased distance of mineral particles at centrifugal spreading. The aim of the present research is to determine the throwing distance of the mineral particle from the spreading disc inclined to the horizon. The analytical research has been performed using the methods of modeling, mechanics and mathematics, as well as methods of calculation and computer modeling. In the result of the theoretical research differential equations were obtained describing throwing of the mineral fertiliser particles from the blades and their further distance after leaving the working tool. In the result of calculations new graphical dependences have been obtained of the throwing time from the blades and the distance the particles of different mineral fertilisers can reach, in particular ammonium nitrate, depending on the frequency of the disc rotation, angles of inclination to the horizontal plane, radius of feeding the mineral fertiliser particles, coefficient of friction along the surface of the disc etc. The obatined new analytical expressions and the developed graphical dependences allowed for determination of the working tool parameters that ensure maximal distance of mineral fertiliser particles at centrifugal spreading. The performed experimental investigations proved the correctness of the theoretical research and showed increased throwing distance at the used improved parameters of the new centrifugal working tool.
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Lowdon, Ross, Sjoerd Brands, Mahmoud ElGizawy, and Sheldon Rawlins. "Rotating 6 Axis Survey Measurement and it's Effect on True Vertical Depth Accuracy, a Study of Sag Correction and Misalignment While Drilling." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210184-ms.
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Abstract Definitive dynamic 6 axis surveys provide continuous MWD quality measurement while drilling. This poses a challenge in terms of misalignment (relative to the borehole) correction when compared to traditional static survey measurements where misalignments are well understood and can be easily compensated for. The increased frequency of surveys allows for the possibility of significant systematic TVD errors if a static misalignment (SAG) error is applied unilaterally to the definitive dynamic surveys. This paper outlines how we can measure misalignment in definitive dynamic surveys, what the magnitude of those misalignments are and their impact on a wells TVD. The misalignment of Definitive Dynamic Survey measurement with respect to the borehole is a complex problem, as the BHA is under dynamic load and rotation as measurements are being made. As such a dynamic BHA model needed to be developed where the input parameters to the drillstring (such as RPM, Weight on Bit, and mud properties) and the downhole movement data available from the MWD and Rotary steerable tools are combined to recreate down hole conditions. The BHA which was run is then modelled dynamically to establish what borehole misalignment is present. This information is then evaluated to see what localized and summed effect this misalignment has on the inclination derived in the Definitive Dynamic Survey and therefor the impact on TVD and lateral well placement. The results of this study will establish the validity of mis-alignment corrections to be applied to definitive dynamic surveys, it will also allow for further insight into BHA behavior to be made and improved dynamic models to be developed due the new Realtime surveying density that is possible with taking surveys every 20 seconds while drilling. The original theory of random misalignment will be tested with high density downhole data to build a more complete picture of the BHA motion with insights into borehole quality and true well placement becoming possible. This could fundamentally improve TVD errors, with a dramatic reduction in the residual error for SAG corrections having a particular impact on long high angle sections of a given wellbore. Definitive dynamic surveys are novel in that definitive surveys are taken while drilling rather when stationary. The analysis of these high-density surveys provides new insights into borehole quality and geometric well placement. Adding in downhole shock and vibration data with surface information it is possible to see how the BHA is behaving in the borehole and resolve the issue of borehole misalignment and ultimately tool accuracy.