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Journal articles on the topic 'Tool Carbide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

IJRAME, Journal. "Cryogenic Treatment of Tool Materials: A Review." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 9 (2024): 01–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713387.

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Cryogenic treatment is a thermal treatment process in which parts are usually cooled to temperatures below −70 °C (< 203 K) to induce metallurgical changes in materials. The treatment showed a significant performance improvement in most ferrous materials and their alloys by transforming retained austenite to martensite and precipitating secondary carbides. However, the effect of such low-temperature treatment on highly stable super-hard materials such as tungsten carbide (commonly referred to as “cemented carbide”) is uncertain. However, researchers have reported the p

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2

Khan, Rafe Aziz, and K. B. Kolhapure. "A Review on Cryogenic Treatment of Tungsten Carbide (WC-CO) Tool." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37387.

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Cryogenic treatment is a thermal treatment process in which parts are usually cooled to temperatures below −70 °C (< 203 K) to induce metallurgical changes in materials. The treatment showed a significant performance improvement in most ferrous materials and their alloys by transforming retained austenite to martensite and precipitating secondary carbides. However, the effect of such low-temperature treatment on highly stable super-hard materials such as tungsten carbide (commonly referred to as “cemented carbide”) is uncertain. However, researchers have reported the precipitation of etapha

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3

Sakai, Katsuhiko, Yasuo Suzuki, Hisaya Inoue, Katsuyoshi Utino, and Yasuyuki Horikoshi. "Tool Life Improvement of Coated Carbide Tools Treated by Novel Nitriding Technique." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.24.

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This paper describes the effects of novel nitriding technique used in various carbide cutting tools. In manufacturing, eco-friendly machining is demanded of late. So far, many kinds of methods were made practical, for example MQL process. Through the development of coating technology, dry cutting process has been used and even now more improvement of tool life is required. Both coated and the non-coated carbide tool were applied with novel nitriding to elongate their tool life. The results show novel nitriding decreased the coated carbide tool wear and improved its tool life 1.4 times longer t

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4

Zhang, Hui, Jian Xin Deng, Gui Yu Li, Xing Ai, and Jun Zhao. "Effect of Ambient Temperature on Wear of Cemented Carbide Tool Material." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.276.

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Cemented carbide has relatively good mechanical properties, so it is widely used as cutting tools. In this paper, a sliding wear test at high ambient temperature between cemented carbide tool material and ceramic was carried out using a ball-on-disc wear-test machine. The characteristics as to wear rate and friction coefficient were investigated. The special wear rate increased with an increase in operating temperature. The cemented carbide material with addition of TiC phase gave better wear resistance than cemented tungsten carbides at elevated temperature. SEM technology was adopted to obse

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5

Fujiwara, Junsuke, Keisuke Wakao, and Takeshi Miyamoto. "Influence of Tungsten-Carbide and Cobalt on Tool Wear in Cutting of Cemented Carbides with Polycrystalline Diamond Tool." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 4 (2013): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0433.

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The influence of the tungsten-carbide (WC) particle size and Co contents of cemented carbides on polycrystalline diamond tool wear during turning was investigated experimentally. The main results obtained were as follows. (1) Tool wear increased with increasing Co content. (2) It is important to cut off the binder between the WC particles and the Co. (3) Cemented carbides containing small WC particles are more effective than cemented carbides containing large particles.

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Adaskina, A. M., S. N. Grigoriev, A. A. Vereschaka, A. S. Vereschaka, and V. V. Kashirtsev. "Cemented Carbides for Machining of Heat-Resistant Materials." Advanced Materials Research 628 (December 2012): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.628.37.

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The optimum ratio of rhenium and cobalt in Co-Re binder of a cemented carbides based on the analysis of phase diagrams and studying the carbides properties is defined.It is shown that properties of carbide binder at the same ratio of rhenium and cobalt are also the same, and the carbide properties are determined by the amount of carbide binders.Researches of wear resistance of the tool from carbides with Co-Re binder at machining of a constructional steel and hard-to-machining alloys have confirmed their high efficiency.

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7

Kuai, Ji Cai. "Experiments of Rock Cutting with Nano-Cemented Carbide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.962.

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Nano cemented carbide is a new style cutter material. Because its grain size is very small, it is superior to common cemented carbide in properties, such as high hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength and higher abrasion resistance. It is proposed to have wide application prospect to tools and mould manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, geological drilling, mining, oil field development, etc. In this paper, nanocemented carbide tool was ground with ELID technology, and the marble were cut with nanocemented carbide, and the cutting properties of nanocemented carbide were studied. Res

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8

Mesquita, Rafael Agnelli, Celso Antonio Barbosa, E. Valencia Morales, and H. J. Kestenbach. "Secondary Carbide Precipitation in Low Silicon Hot Work Tool Steels." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.612.

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A reduction from 1.0 to 0.3%Si has recently been shown to improve mechanical properties of H11-type hot work tool steels. The present paper shows that an important improvement in toughness can be explained by the effect of Si content on the precipitation sequence of secondary carbides during tempering after quenching. Carbide particle distributions were observed and identified by electron microscopy, allowing to relate the effect of Si on mechanical properties directly to its effect on cementite and subsequent alloy carbide formation during high temperature tempering.

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9

Vereschaka, A. A., A. S. Vereschaka, and A. I. Anikeev. "Carbide Tools with Nano-Dispersed Coating for High-Performance Cutting of Hard-to-Cut Materials." Advanced Materials Research 871 (December 2013): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.164.

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The problem of increasing performance of carbide too lin machining hard-to-machine materials has been studied. Composite material was developed comprising carbide with heat-resistant bond Co-Re, significantly increasing resistance of carbide to thermoplastic deformation, and nanodispersed multilayer composite coating, significantly reducing thermomechanical impact on cutting part of tool.Studies to find the performance of tool made of developed composite material in turning hardened steel40H and heat-resistant nickel alloy HN77TYUR have shown its superiority compared to commercial carbides wit

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10

Rhyim, Young Mok, Sang Ho Han, Young Sang Na, and Jong Hoon Lee. "Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Carbide Precipitation and Mechanical Properties of Tool Steel." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.9.

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It is well known that the durability of tool steel could be improved by deep cryogenic treatment. It has been assumed that the increase of service life of tool steel caused by decrease of retained austenite and/or by formation of nano-scale fine η-carbide. But the principles of deep cryogenic treatment remain unclear yet. In this research, to manifest the effect of deep cryogenic treatment on wear resistance, the specimen was emerged in liquid nitrogen for 20 hours for deep cryogenic treatment after austenitizing and the following tempering temperature was varied. The microstructure of specime

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11

Gogte, Chandrashekhar, Dilip Peshwe, and Ravindra Paretkar. "On the Presence of Eta Carbide in the Cryogenically Treated High Speed Steel." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.356.

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The research in the cryogenic treatment of tool steels and other alloy steels is important as it causes substantial increase in the wear characteristics of alloy and tool steels. The present day research of this technology indicates precipitation of submicroscopic carbides referred to as eta carbides. This work comprises of reviewing the carbide types that form during heat treatment of high speed steels and presenting the results of the experiment for finding eta carbide in the cryogenically treated AISI T42 high speed steels using advanced microscopy. The results of this work indicate the con

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12

IJRAME, Journal. "Performance evaluation of cryogenically treated tungsten carbide tool in milling operation on OHNS material." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 8 (2024): 46–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13323887.

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Improvement in wear resistance and hardness of cutting tool material is one of the most important challenges in machining operation. This issue can be overcome by improving the wear resistance and hardness by cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide. In this work it is tried to study the effect of different soaking periods in cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide. The experiments were conducted at temperature of 88K at different soaking periods of 8hrs, 20hrs, 24hrs and 30hrs, on commercially used tungsten carbide. Further efforts were made to quantify and confirm the effect of different soak

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13

Liu, Zhan Qiang, and Qi Lin. "Numerical Analysis of Face Milling Ti6Al4V with Different Tool Materials." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.299.

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Ti6Al4V is one kind of difficult-to-machine aeronautical materials, which is generally machined by coated cemented carbide tools. A three-dimensional face milling model is developed in this paper with finite element analysis software AdvantEdge to analyze influences of tool materials on tool temperatures, cutting forces and tool stresses. The simulation results have shown that PCBN tools are the most appropriate for machining titanium alloy when it is machined with heavier cutting parameters. Cemented carbide-K tools and PCD tools are suitable for finish machining titanium alloy. The PCD tools

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14

Panov, V. S. "Cemented carbide cutting tools coated with silicon nitride." Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya (Universitiesʹ Proceedings. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings), no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2018-4-104-109.

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The paper describes the technology of producing a wear resistant silicon nitride coating on cemented carbide cutting tools and factors affecting its structure and thickness. A review of domestic and foreign authors’ works is given on the properties and applications of cemented carbides in cutting, drilling, die stamping tools, wear resistant materials, for chipless processing of wood, plastics. It is noted that one of the promising ways of cutting tool development is using indexable throwaway inserts (ITI) with wear resistant coatings. The choice of silicon nitride as a material for cemented c

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15

Mokritskii, B. Ya, and A. V. Kosmynin. "Design of metal-cutting tool coatings at the atomic level." iPolytech Journal 27, no. 3 (2023): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2023-3-511-517.

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The research aims to lower tooling costs by reducing the time allotted to designing coatings on domestic cemented carbide metal-cutting tools by using the atomic force approach. The object of the study is coatings on cemented carbides of the tungsten carbide group such as titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), and titanium (Ti) coatings or a nitride-based titanium, chromium and aluminum (Ti,Cr,Al)N composite coating. To select the most rational coatings, the article employed the method of calculating the functionals of interatomic systems using the density functional description of si

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16

Li, Shaoying, Xiaojun Xi, Yiwa Luo, et al. "Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel." Materials 11, no. 12 (2018): 2491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122491.

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In this paper, the precipitation of carbide and wear loss of high-carbon 8 mass% Cr tool steel at two tempering conditions (i.e., 773–803 K and 823–853 K) were studied by INCA Steel, EPMA-1720H, XRD, and ML-10 tester. The results show that the particles of test steels include the carbides (Cr7C3 and Cr23C6) and carbides nucleated on Al2O3. When carbides are of the same size, the number of carbides in test steel at a tempering temperature of 773–803 K is greater than that at a tempering temperature of 823–853 K, especially when the size of carbides is less than 5 μm. Compared with the test stee

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17

Zhang, Fei Hu, J. C. Gui, Yi Zhi Liu, and Hua Li Zhang. "Research on ELID Grinding of Nano-Cemented Carbide Tool." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.105.

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Nano-cemented carbide is a novel material, which is superior to common cemented carbide on physical and mechanical properties, such as high hardness, toughness, flexural strength and higher wear resisting property. It is proposed to have wide application prospect to tools and mould manufacturing. In this paper, ELID grinding technique is applied to grind nano-cemented carbide tools. And the ground surface quality, cutting edge radius, and machinability of nano-cemented carbide tools are studied, compared with common cemented carbide. It is demonstrated by experimental results that nano-cemente

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18

Younis, M. A. "Mechanical and Thermal Stresses in Clamped, Brazed, and Bonded Carbide Tools." Journal of Engineering for Industry 114, no. 4 (1992): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900687.

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A model based on the finite element method is presented for determining of thermal and mechanical stresses in a carbide insert due to heat and cutting forces induced during metal cutting with a brazed, clamped, and bonded carbide insert. Analysis revealed a high temperature gradient in the brazed insert, thus causing high thermal stresses. For the bonded insert a low temperature gradient but high temperatures were found, leading to possible tool edge chipping and a significant reduction of the bond layer strength. Finally local maxima of tensile and compressive stresses were identified on the

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19

Bureš, Radovan, Ivan Saxl, and Mária Fáberová. "Quantification of Carbide Distribution in PM Tool Steels with Niob Addition." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.310.

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Powder of tool steel STN 19830 with 1.9 wt.% of Nb addition was prepared by atomization. Compact material was prepared using of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and followed by heat treatment to improve the carbides distribution. The aim of this work was to evaluate and quantify the influence of heat treatment parameters on size, shape and spatial distribution of the carbides. Light optical microscopy and image analysis was used to obtain relevant data. Area fraction of carbides was used as parameter of carbide distribution in steel matrix. Sensitivity and accuracy of this method was compared with

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20

Jia, Xiao Ming, Xiu Ling Zhang, Yue Xing Song, and Xiao Xin Chen. "Experimental Study on Inhibitory Action of Inhibitors on the Tungsten Carbide Leaching of the Cemented Carbide Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.508.

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The influence of some commonly used inhibitors on the tungsten carbide leaching of the cemented carbide tool was studied by energy spectrum analysis and electrochemical gaging. And the mechanism of the tungsten carbide leaching and be inhibited of the cemented carbide was discussed. The test results showed that when cemented carbide tool were soaked in tri-sodium phosphate and sodium carbonate anhydrous the tungsten carbide in the cemented carbide tool leached out for hydration. And benzotriazole has a good inhibitory effect on the tungsten carbide leaching of the cemented carbide tool.

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21

Jandová, Dagmar, Pavel Šuchmann, and Jana Nižňanská. "Microstructure of Tool Steel X37CrMoV5 after Cryogenic Treatment and its Effect on Wear Resistance." Key Engineering Materials 647 (May 2015): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.647.23.

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<p>A deep cryogenic heat treatment (DCT) was applied to X37CrMoV5 steel, which included soaking at -160°C for 12 and 30 hours followed by tempering at 180°C. Microstructures were compared with those after conventional heat treatment (HT). Microstructures with conspicuous dendritic segregation were observed in all specimens. After HT coarser and finer tempered martensite occurred in depleted and enriched areas of carbon and alloying elements respectively. Coarse molybdenum and vanadium carbides, fine secondary Fe2MoC carbides and retained austenite were identified after HT. Deep freezing

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22

Batako, Andre, Anatoliy Matveevich Adaskin, Victor Nikolaevich Butrim, Alexey Anatolevich Vereschaka, and Anatoliy Stepanovich Vereschaka. "Influence of Carbide Substrate Properties on Wear Resistance of Tool with Multilayer Coating in Machining of Chromium-Based Heat-Resistant Alloy." Materials Science Forum 876 (October 2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.876.59.

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Thispaper presents the results of the studies of the combined influence of properties of carbide substrate and composite coatings on tool wear resistance in machining of chromium-based heat-resistant alloys. It was established that the efficiency of carbide tools with coatings is determined by a combination of the properties of the carbide substrate and the coating itself. For carbides with relatively low strength and crack resistance, the efficiency of coatings appeared to be unsatisfactory because of brittle fracture of the substrate and thus intensive failure of coating. High heat resistanc

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23

Nestler, A., and A. Schubert. "PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT DIAMOND CUTTING TOOLS IN FACE MILLING OF CEMENTED CARBIDE." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 5 (2021): 5038–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_11_2021150.

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More and more forming and punching tools as well as wear parts are made from cemented carbide. The large variety and the geometry of these components are often reasons for finish machining by milling, but the tool wear is very high. For the investigations, end mills with different diamond material tips or coatings are used. The cemented carbide specimens exhibit an average tungsten carbide particle size of 2.5 μm and the binder material is cobalt with a proportion of 20 %. The cutting parameters are kept constant. For all tools a surface roughness depth Rz smaller than 1 μm is achieved. The de

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24

Wu, Yung-Yi, and Dong-Yea Sheu. "Investigating Tungsten Carbide Micro-Hole Drilling Characteristics by Desktop Micro-ECM with NaOH Solution." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (2018): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100512.

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Due to their hardness and low tool wear, tungsten carbides are widely used in industrial applications, such as spray nozzles, wire drawing dies and spinning nozzles. However, there is no conventional machining process that is capable of fabricating micro-holes, slots and complicated shapes in tungsten carbide. In this study, a low-cost desktop micro electro-chemical machining (ECM) was developed to investigate the characteristics of tungsten carbide micro-hole drilling. The performance parameters of the machining conditions by desktop micro-ECM, such as the machining time, material removal rat

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25

Novák, Pavel, Kateřina Nová, Lucyna Jaworska, and Andrei Shishkin. "Identification of Carbides in Tool Steel by Selective Etching." Defect and Diffusion Forum 395 (August 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.395.55.

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This paper describes simple metallographic technique for selective etching of individual types of carbides (MC, M2C and M6C and M7C3) in tool steel. Electrolytic etching in chromic acid was used in order to reveal the MC carbides. Chemical etching in permanganate solution revealed the M2C and M6C carbides, while the electrolytic etching in the latter solution enabled to observe M7C3, M2C and M6C carbides. These techniques were demonstrated on an experimental niobium-containing tool steel prepared by powder metallurgy. The results confirm that the MC carbides are highly thermally stable, while

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26

Liu, T., Song Zhang, and Jiang Feng Li. "Analysis of Element Diffusion between Alloy Cast Iron and WC/Co Cemented Carbides." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.339.

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An alloy cast iron has special properties by adding some alloying elements to the ordinary cast iron ASTMNo35A. Diffusion wear is one of the main cutting tool wear mechanisms in machining of the alloy cast irons. The diffusion of tungsten (W) and iron (Fe) between the alloy cast iron and the WC/Co cemented carbides was investigated in this paper by means of heating diffusion couple. It has be proved from the experiment that Fe in the alloy cast iron diffused a deeper distance in the WC/Co cemented carbides with the higher Co content; while the diffusion of W element in the WC/Co cemented carbi

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27

Yang, Shu Cai, Yu Hua Zhang, Quan Wan, Jian Jun Chen, and Chuang Feng. "Study on the Tool Wear of Coated Carbide Tool in High Speed Milling Titanium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.526.

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The milling experiments were carried out using TiAlN and PCD coated carbide tools in high speed milling Ti6Al4V to compare and analyze tool wear and tool life of the two kinds of coating carbide tools. In addition, the effect of cooling and lubricating on tool wear is also studied. The results showed that fluid environment is not suitable for milling Ti6Al4V. PCD coating carbide tool can effectively increase the life of tool in high speed milling of Ti6Al4V.

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28

Wierszyłłowski, Ignacy. "The Influence of Post-Quenching Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Tempering Processes and Properties of D2 Tool Steel. Studies of Structure, XRD, Dilatometry, Hardness and Fracture Toughness." Defect and Diffusion Forum 258-260 (October 2006): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.258-260.415.

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A significant increase in durability of cryogenically treated tools after quenching was reported by a number of publications [1, 2]. As research studies show [4, 5, 6, 7], the main reason for this is the kind of carbides precipitated during tempering at temperature range of 150 –200 0C, which is different than in the case of conventional treatment. These carbides are finer and more evenly distributed in the matrix of steel. The number of carbides is higher than in conventionally treated steels because of higher fraction of martensite in cryogenically treated steels produced by retained austeni

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Ge, Ying Fei, Jiu Hua Xu, and Yu Can Fu. "High-Speed Turning of Titanium Matrix Composites with PCD and Carbide Tools." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.39.

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High-speed turning tests were performed on vol.10%(TiCp+TiBw)/TC4 composite (TMC) in the speed range of 60-120m/min using PCD and carbide tools to investigate the tool life, tool wear, cutting temperatures and cutting forces. The results showed that the carbide tool was not suit for the machining of TMC. Tool life of PCD was confined to 12 min for all the cutting conditions. Flank wear increased obviously with the increasing cutting speed especially when the cutting speed surpassed 80m/min. PCD tool mainly took place chipping, peeling, abrasive wear and adhesive wear at the rake face and flank

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30

Mishnaevsky, Leon L., Nils Lippmann, and Siegfried Schmauder. "Micromechanisms and modelling of crack initiation and growth in tool steels: role of primary carbides." International Journal of Materials Research 94, no. 6 (2003): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2003-0117.

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Abstract Micromechanisms of damage initiation and crack growth in high speed and cold work steels are investigated using scanning electron microscopy in situ experiments. The role of primary carbides in initiation and growth of cracks in tool steels is clarified. It is shown that initial microcracks in the steels are formed in primary carbides and then join together. A hierarchical finite element model of damage initiation, which included a macroscopic model of the deformation of the specimen under real experimental conditions and a mesomechanical model of damage in real microstructures of ste

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31

Jia, Xiao Ming, Yue Xin Song, and Suo Xia Hou. "Inhibition Effect of Compound Boricacidester on the Tungsten Carbide Leaching of the Cemented Carbide Tool." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.977.

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Working fluid is commonly used in the making and using progress of cemented carbide tool. The tungsten carbide leaching of cemented carbide tool will be resulted in by the sodium carbonate in cutting fluid, because of the tungsten carbide will occur oxidative dissolution. The inhibitor that suppress tungsten carbide leaching of cemented carbide tool is investigated by soaking experiments, friction experiments, SEM analysis, and energy spectrum analysis. The test result shows that aqueous solution and sodium carbonate will cause tungsten carbide leaching through oxidative dissolution; but compo

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32

Wang, Teng Da, Er Liang Liu, and Zhen Li. "Study on Oxidation Resistance of Tool Materials for Machining Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.215.

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The high temperature oxidation phenomenon will occur on the tool-workpiece contact area when machining the superalloy. Two kinds of cemented carbide tools (YG6X, YG8) are selected, the coated carbide tool and coated ceramic tool which are suitable for machining superalloy are selected. The resistance furnace is used for heating tool material, and the oxidation resistance experiments are carried out. The results show that: WC which is included in the cemented carbide tool is oxidized to WO3 and the Co is oxidized to Co3O4, Ti which is included in the coated carbide tool is oxidized to TiO2. The

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33

Liu, Han Lian, Xiang Lv, Chuan Zhen Huang, Zeng Bin Yin, Bin Zou, and Hong Tao Zhu. "Tools Optimization in Efficient Intermittent Cutting of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V Steel." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.469.

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In order to improve the machining efficiency of high strength steel 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V and tool life, intermittent turning performance of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V with common carbide tools and advanced coated carbide tools was experimentally studied, cutting parameters and tool types were optimized. The results showed that the machining efficiency and tool life of advanced coated carbide tools were remarkably higher than that of common carbide tool; the tool life of quadrate coated tool was longer than that of circular tool. The cutting tool failure mechanisms were also discussed.

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34

Tsurimoto, Seji, Toshimichi Moriwaki, and Masafumi Nagata. "Machinability of CBN Tool in Turning of Tungsten Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.70.

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Tungsten Carbide have extremely high hardness and wear-resistivity compared with conventional steel materials, and it is expected that the Tungsten carbide can be applied widely to dies and molds in the near future. In order to develop an efficient machining method of Tungsten Carbide for the dies and molds, series of cutting experiments were carried out to turn the sintered Tungsten Carbide materials with CBN tool. The selected sintered Tungsten Carbide workpieces are those containing Tungsten Carbide grains with mean grain size of 5μm, and 15wt%, 20wt% and 22wt% of Cobalt binder. The sintere

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Xu, Jin Yang, Zhi Qiang Liu, Qing Long An, and Ming Chen. "Wear Mechanism of High-Speed Turning Ti-6Al-4V with TiAlN and AlTiN Coated Tools in Dry and MQL Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 497 (April 2012): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.497.30.

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The TiAlN and AlTiN coated carbide cutting tools were adopted for high-speed turning of α+β phase titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Both the wear pattern and wear mechanism were investigated in this research. Results show that: MQL condition can greatly prolong the tool life of AlTiN coated carbide tool but has minor influence on improving the tool life of TiAlN carbide tool. AlTiN coated carbide tool was found to be qualified to obtain better cutting performance and longer tool life and is more suitable for processing titanium alloy TC4 compared with TiAlN coated tool under the same cutting parameter

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Ögel, Bilgehan, and Erdoĝan Tekin. "An EM study of carbides in double austenitized AISI M2 high-speed steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177672.

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Multiple austenitization is not a conventional heat treatment process in tool steel industry and has only recently attracted some attention. Several workers who studied multiple austenitized high speed steels reported a fine carbide precipitation in the matrix of double austenitized specimens. However, the metallography of this precipitation is not well documented and needs further investigation. In this study, the microstructure of AISI M2 high speed steel and the effect of double austenitization on carbide distribution is investigated using SEM.The heat treated specimens were prepared by con

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Acchar, Wilson, and Harim Revoredo de Macedo. "Influence of NbC-Addition on Mechanical Properties of WC-Co." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.363.

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Cemented carbides have been intensively used as cutting tool through their high hardness, high fracture toughness and high wear resistance. A considerable amount of works has been developed in order to improve the mechanical properties of alternate cemented carbide systems. This work has the purpose to reports the first results obtained to WC-Co reinforced with 5 wt.% NbC. The mixture of powders was hot-pressed at 1250 °C in a inert atmosphere. Hardness and fracture toughness were carried out in a Vickers hardness testing machine. The results have showed that the addition of niobium carbide im

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Saydaxmedov, Ravshan, and Kutpnisa Kadirbekova. "Study of the composition and properties of vacuum coatings based on titanium carbide." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405023.

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Carbide cutting tools are used for machining of machine parts made of complex alloyed materials. Application of protective composite nanostructured coatings on carbide cutting tools allows increasing the service life of cutting tools several times. The coating on their base protects the cobalt binding of carbide alloys. The low thermal conductivity of the composite nanostructured titanium carbide coating means that the heat generated when cutting workpieces is mostly transferred to the chips so that the tool does not become overheated. This is important when machining difficult alloyed, hard-t

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Zhang, Chun Ye, Hong Jie Pei, Qin Feng Li, Chun Yan Zhang, and Gui Cheng Wang. "Study on the Performance of Braze Cemented Carbide Cutting Tool." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.607.

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The Cemented carbide cutting tool is widely used in more machining factory, the 5 types of cemented carbide materials: YT30+Ta, YTS25, YH1, 726 and 758 and Selected to make brazing and cutting test. The experiment results shown that: (a) the hardness of cemented carbide cutting tool after being brazed does not change, redoes HRA0.1~0.2; (b) YT30+Ta, YTS25 types of cemented carbide could be brazed using 105# solder, brazing quality could be very well; (c) Wear characteristic of machine-clamping and brazed cemented carbide cutting tool is normal and hardly change in T<150 minutes. The study m

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OKADA, Masato, Masayoshi SHINYA, Keigo TAKASUGI, Hiroshi TACHIYA, Toshihiko SASAKI, and Masaaki OTSU. "Driven Rotary Tool Burnishing with Coated Carbide Tool." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 83, no. 7 (2017): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.83.694.

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Zou, Bin, Chuan Zhen Huang, Zi Ye Liu, Xin Qiang Zhuang, and Jun Wang. "Ball-End Milling of Cr12MoV Die Steel Using Ceramic Tool and Cements Carbide Tool." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.466.

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Ball-end milling of Cr12MoV die steel was studied using ceramic and cemented carbide inserts under different cutting conditions. The cutting forces, wear patterns and chip patterns generated using the different cutting tools at the different cutting conditions were investigated using a three component piezoelectric dynamometer and VHX-600E large depth-of-view 3-D scanner. The relationships among the cutting forces, wear patterns and chip patterns were discussed. The results indicated that the cutting forces caused by the ceramic insert were slightly lower than those caused by the cemented carb

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Fan, Yi Hang, Min Li Zheng, Zhe Li, Song Tao Wang, and Ying Bin Li. "Cutting Performance of Cemented Carbide Tool in High-Efficiency Turning Ti6Al4V." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.231.

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The machining efficiency of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is low and the tool wear is serious. In this paper, uncoated carbide tool and two kinds of coated cemented carbide tool were used for dry turning titanium alloy. The experiments used CCD Observing System and the EDAX analysis of SEM to study tool wear mechanism and analyze the cutting performance through tool life, cutting force and cutting temperature. The results show that the main wear reasons are adhesion, diffusion and oxidation wear. For coated tool, the coating peeled off first, and then tool substrate damaged. Compared with coated carb

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Pushnykh, Victor A. "Prediction of Tool Life for Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools." Key Engineering Materials 138-140 (September 1997): 395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.138-140.395.

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Henderer, W. E. "Relationship Between Alloy Composition and Tool-Life of High-Speed Steel Twist Drills." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 114, no. 4 (1992): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904199.

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Tool-life tests are reported which show the relationship between the alloy composition of high-speed steel twist drills and performance. Tool-life is shown to depend primarily on the composition of the matrix consisting of tempered martensite and precipitated secondary carbides. The longest tool-life was obtained from alloys with high vanadium content and low tungsten or molybdenum content. This observation is consistent with the dispersion characteristics of vanadium carbide which precipitate during tempering.

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S, Srikantappa A., Shivakumara C. M, and Adaveesha B. "Tool Characteristics for Better Performance in Machining OHNS Steel Using Tungsten Carbide Tool Inserts." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 7, no. 5 (2019): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2019.7.5.459.

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Yui, Akinori, Hiroshi Matsuoka, Takayuki Kitajima, and Shigeki Okuyama. "Planing of Cobalt-Free Tungsten Carbide Using a Diamond Tool -Cutting Temperature and Tool Wear-." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.132.

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Diamond tools wear easily under cutting tungsten carbide. To clarify the wear mechanism, the authors composed a temperature-measurement system of a cutting point using a dual-colorinfrared pyrometer and performed planing experiments. Infrared rays, emitted from the contact point between a mono-crystal-diamond tool and a cobalt-free tungsten carbide, are transmitted though the diamond tool and an optical fiber and then they are detected by the pyrometer. Before the planing experiments, rubbing experiments were performed using a mono-crystal-diamond stick and a tungsten-carbide disk. The effects

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Chiu, Liu Ho, Huan Chen Liao, Shou Chi Lin, Yeong Tsuen Pan, and Horng Yih Liou. "Carbide Distribution Effect on Wear Behavior of Cold Work Tool Steels." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.240.

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The carbide distribution and retained austenite effects in cold work tool steels on their wear behavior are studied using different quenching, tempering and cryogenic processes. Treated specimens were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy, hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction as well as wear tests in a block-on-roller method without lubrication. Beside primary carbides being large and non-uniformly distributed in the D2-B specimen, the weight losses of the D2-B specimen (62.4 HRC) quenched and tempered at 200°C was highest among all tested specimens due to substantia

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Dobrzański, Leszek Adam, Krzysztof Labisz, and Andrzej Klimpel. "Comparison of Mechanical Properties of the 32CrMoV12-28 Hot Work Tool Steels Alloyed with WC, VC and TaC Powder Using HPDL Laser." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.1233.

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This work presents the investigation results of laser remelting and alloying especially the laser parameters and its influence on the structure and properties of the surface of the 32CrMoV12-28 hot work steel, using the high power diode laser (HPDL). As a result structure changes in form of fragmentation were determined. The reason of this work was to determine the optimal laser treatment parameters, particularly the laser power to achieve good layer hardness for protection of this hot work tool steel from losing their work stability and to make the tool surface more resistant to action in har

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Park, Jung-Hyun, Young-Kyun Kim, Jin-Young Kim, Hyo-Yun Jung, Sung-Jin Park, and Kee-Ahn Lee. "Hierarchical Microstructure–Mechanical Property Correlations in Superior Strength 5 wt% Cr Cold-Work Tool Steel Manufactured by Direct Energy Deposition." Materials 18, no. 13 (2025): 3113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133113.

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The direct energy deposition (DED) metal additive manufacturing process enables rapid deposition and repair, providing an efficient approach to producing durable tool steel components. Here, 5 wt% Cr cold-work tool steel (Caldie) was developed by reducing carbon and chromium to suppress coarse carbide formation and by increasing molybdenum and vanadium to enhance dimensional stability. In this study, Caldie tool steel was fabricated via DED for the first time, and the effects of post-heat treatment on its hierarchical microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated and compared with

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KIDUNG TIRTAYASA, PUTRA PANGESTU, WAYAN DARMAWAN, DODI NANDIKA, IMAM WAHYUDI, LUMONGGA DUMASARI, and USUKI HIROSHI. "PERFORMANCE OF COATED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE IN MILLING COMPOSITE BOARDS." WOOD RESEARCH 66(4) 2021 66, no. 4 (2021): 606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.4.606620.

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The purpose of this research was to analyze the performance (wear resistance, surface roughness, chip formation, and noise level) of AlCrN, TiN, and TiAlN coated tungsten carbides in cutting composite boards. The composite boards of wood plastic composite, laminated veneer lumber, andorientedstrand board were cut by the coated tungsten carbide tools in a computer numerical control router. The results show that the differences in structure among the composite boards resulted in the difference in clearance wear, chip formation, surface roughness, and noise level phenomenon. The abrasive material

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