Journal articles: 'Tool material'

1

Očkajová, A. "The tool wear versus its tool material and workpiece material." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 54, no. 2 (1996): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050147.

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Lasjaunias, P. "Imaging : tool and material." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 12, no. 3 (1990): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01624515.

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Jayaseelan, P., T. V. Christy, Prabhu G. Rubesh, and R. Srinivasan. "Behaviour of Threaded Cylinder Tool in the Friction Stir Welding of Al–ZrB2 Composite." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 2 (2019): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.7797.

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Friction Stir welding is a solid state joining process with no filler material. In this work, we specifically investigated the Tool Pin Profile, Tool Material, Base Material and the process parameters in the Aluminum metal matrix composites especially reinforced with Zirconium diboride (Al–ZrB2 . Tools of Various Materials and the corresponding tensile strength of the weld specimen, microstructure analysis and Hardness test are evaluated. Threaded Cylinder made of various materials are OHNS, HCHCr, H13 tools are carried out in the process with D/d Ratio are used. The result will be stated with the Threaded Cylinder pin with which tool material provides highest strength to the Bas material.

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4

Ding, Zhi, Jiang Han, and Hai Dong Yang. "Wear Mechanisms of Hard-Brittle Material Tools in High-Speed Machining of Powder Metallurgy Material." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 1200–1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.1200.

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A series of experiments was conducted in high speed machining of powder metallurgy material with PCBN tools. The main tool wear mechanisms were discussed by observing tool wear morphology utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and detecting the element distribution of the worn tool surface using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).The experimental results indicate that fragile breakage occurred before it reached its blunt standard in high-speed machining of powder metallurgy material with PCBN tools,and the tools wear mechanisms are synergistic interaction among mechanical wear,binder wear and chemical wear.

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Wang, Su Yu, Lin Lin Ma, and Wen Jie Yang. "Experimental Study on Tool Wear in NC Dry Milling Resin Sand Mold Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.777.

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Experimental research was carried out to analyze the wear patterns of several tools which include high-speed steel (HSS), coated cemented carbide and ceramic tools, and to study the tool wear mechanism in milling resin sand mold materials. The main wear mechanism is abrasive wear and the dominant tool failure mode is flank wear. Different cutting parameters have different influence to the tool wear. In addition, it is essential to select suitable tool material with appropriate hardness. In this paper, the experiment results are contributive to choose proper cutting tool materials and parameters in milling resin sand mold material.

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He, Lin Jiang, Jiu Hua Xu, Hong Hua Su, and Yan Chen. "Turning of Cast Inconel 718 with Coated Carbide and Whisker Reinforced Ceramic Tools." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.136.

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Nickel-based alloy is known as one of the most difficult-to-machine materials. During the machining process, the high temperature coupled with high strength and work hardening leads to excessive tool wear, short tool life, low productivity, etc. Tool life and material removal rate are the two targets of rough machining. In this paper, some turning tests are conducted to investigate the tool lives and material removal rate of coated carbide tools and whisker reinforced ceramic tools. The results show that notch wear is the dominant failure mode for whisker reinforced ceramic tools while severe flank wear and micro-chipping for coated carbide tools. The whisker reinforced ceramic tools are more effective in machining nickel-based alloys than the coated carbide tools both in tool life and material removal rate.

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Salunke, Saurav. "Testing Tool Material on Scratch Tester." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (2021): 1926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39661.

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Abstract: In manufacturing industry cutting tools are considered as the backbone of the metal cutting operation. In metal cutting operation there is relative motion between the tool and the workpiece. As the tool material is harder than the workpiece material, there is deformation of the workpiece which acts as a base for the formation of chips. If we observe the process of metal cutting, we can easily find out that there is a considerable amount of heat generated during the machining operation. As there is a point of interface between the tool and the workpiece, there is absorption of generated heat into both the tool as well as work material. Due to the absorption of the heat there is distortion in the tool material. In this research article we have taken the base parameters as speed, load and stroke and the output parameter is taken as the load which breaks the coating of the tool. Keywords: tool coating, scratch tester, speed, stroke, coating.

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Verma, Ashutosh, and Prof Suman Sharma. "Analysis of Cutting Forces for Different Work Materials and Tool Material: Effect of Rake Angle in Turning Process." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 7 (2012): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2014/54.

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Murty, M. V. Ramana. "Sputtering: the material erosion tool." Surface Science 500, no. 1-3 (2002): 523–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(01)01586-2.

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Sheridan, Kimberly M., Abigail W. Konopasky, Sophie Kirkwood, and Margaret A. Defeyter. "The effects of environment and ownership on children's innovation of tools and tool material selection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1690 (2016): 20150191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0191.

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Research indicates that in experimental settings, young children of 3–7 years old are unlikely to devise a simple tool to solve a problem. This series of exploratory studies done in museums in the US and UK explores how environment and ownership of materials may improve children's ability and inclination for (i) tool material selection and (ii) innovation. The first study takes place in a children's museum, an environment where children can use tools and materials freely. We replicated a tool innovation task in this environment and found that while 3–4 year olds showed the predicted low levels of innovation rates, 4–7 year olds showed higher rates of innovation than the younger children and than reported in prior studies. The second study explores the effect of whether the experimental materials are owned by the experimenter or the child on tool selection and innovation. Results showed that 5–6 year olds and 6–7 year olds were more likely to select tool material they owned compared to tool material owned by the experimenter, although ownership had no effect on tool innovation. We argue that learning environments supporting tool exploration and invention and conveying ownership over materials may encourage successful tool innovation at earlier ages.

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11

Cui, Hao, Zhaoqiang Chen, Guangchun Xiao, et al. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Al2O3/TiC/TiB2 Ceramic Tool Material." Crystals 11, no. 6 (2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060637.

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In order to develop a new ceramic tool material with self-repairing capability, Al2O3/TiC/TiB2 ceramic tool material was prepared by vacuum hot-pressure sintering method. The toughening and strengthening mechanism of TiB2 on Al2O3/TiC substrate was analyzed. The results show that the ceramic tool material has good comprehensive mechanical properties when the TiB2 content is 10 vol.%. Its flexural strength was 701.32 MPa, hardness was 18.3 GPa, and fracture toughness was 6.2 MPa·m1/2, which were improved by 11.6%, 2.2% and 16.1% respectively, compared with the Al2O3/TiC tool material. Fracture surfaces of the Al2O3/TiC/TiB2 ceramic tool material were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. The results showed that the fracture mode was a mixture of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture. The growth of Al2O3 and TiC grains can be effectively inhibited by adding appropriate amount of TiB2, and the internal grains of the material can be refined. The TiB2 has a uniform distribution in the matrix and acts as a diffusion toughening agent. The cutting performance of Al2O3/TiC/10 vol.%TiB2 tool material was further investigated. Experiments conducted on tools made of Al2O3/TiC and Al2O3/TiC/TiB2 materials showed that the main forms of wear for both tools were abrasive wear and bonded wear. The friction coefficient of Al2O3/TiC/TiB2 tools was reduced by 10.77% compared to Al2O3/TiC tools.

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Zhou, Danchen, and Xuan Dai. "A granulation analysis method for cutting tool material selection using granular computing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 13 (2015): 2323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215593566.

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Reasonable selection of cutting tool materials has an important effect on machining efficiency, machining quality, cutting tools life, and production cost. There always exists a problem of correct matching between cutting tool materials and workpiece materials. The multi-criteria decision-making is currently the predominant method for cutting tool material selection, and its accuracy can be further improved based on full consideration of the workpiece materials and cutting parameters. For this reason, a granulation analysis method based on granular computing is presented. Firstly, according to the similarity of various cutting tool materials across different attributes represented in interval values including physical properties, mechanical properties, and cost, a fuzzy similarity matrix of all the cutting tool materials to be analyzed is established; and a series of material information granular layers with different granularity is constructed by using quotient space theory based on fuzzy tolerance relation. Afterwards, information entropy is applied to measure their granularity, and an optimal granular layer is determined based on a quantitative and objective standard. Finally, in the optimal granular layer, through determining the averages and ranks of all the material information granules under different attributes, the corresponding common characteristics of similar cutting tool materials in each material information granule are analyzed, and their matching workpiece materials and cutting parameters are summarized. The analysis and summary will provide effective guidance for subsequent multi-criteria decision-making of cutting tool materials. An application example proves the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.

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13

Thuvander, Anders, Roland Blom, Lai-Zhe Jin, and Rolf Sandström. "Material property database for heat treatment simulation of tool materials." Steel Research 68, no. 3 (1997): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199700552.

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14

Su, Jing, Yu Hua Zhang, and Di Wang. "Application and Advance in Super-Hard Tool Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.228.

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For the excellent properties, super-hard tool material has received much attention from researchers. The development of super-hard tool material for high-speed cutting could brought high machining quality and surface precision. For an engineer, adopt high performance of tool material, for example wearing resistance, high stability of PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and PCBN (poly cubic boron nitride) can get more information for obtaining higher finished surface quality that cannot acquire just by common cutting process. This paper introduces super-hard cutters materials (PCD and PCBN) development, and discusses several material properties. The features of materials used in different cutting fields are given.

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15

Anugerah, Budi, and Andri Nasution. "Relayout dengan Menggunakan BLOCPLAN Tool Analysis." Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri 22, no. 1 (2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsti.v22i1.2885.

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PT. Industri Nabati Lestari or PT. INL is a subsidiary of PTPN 3 and PTPN 4 which is engaged in CPO processing. But from each production cycle, every raw material needed by PT. INL is not only supplied by PTPN itself, but many suppliers take part in the supply of raw materials. The problem faced by the company now is the inefficient flow of material in the current company layout from loading raw materials to the final product shipping process. Therefore the first thing is to observe the flow material problems, one of which is rearrangement or relayout using the ARC-BLOCPLAN method

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16

Zhang, Jing Ying, Qi Xun Yu, Si Qin Pang, Shu Suo Meng, Tian Shun Wang, and Jin Tao Hu. "Development & Application of Polycrystal Cubic Boron Nitride Cutting Tool Material." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.168.

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This article illustrates the production method and mechanical & physical properties of polycrystal cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tool material. As shown by the turning machining of hardened steel, cold-hardened cast iron and composite materials, PCBN cutting tool is superior in cutting performance to cemented carbide and ceramics cutting tools. In recent years, with great improvement in production process and overall mechanical properties of PCBN cutting tool material, it can effectively make rough machining of ferrous metal. This article contributes to the popularization and application of this cutting tool.

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17

Ojha, Nirdesh, Florian Zeller, Claas Mueller, and Holger Reinecke. "Study on the Effect of Tool Polarity and Tool Rotation during EDM of Non-Conductive Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2127.

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The ability to machine advanced ceramic materials such as ZrO2, SiC, and AlN is of high interest for various industries because of the extraordinary material properties that these ceramics possess. Once sintered, these ceramics are characterized with high mechanical strength, high thermal stability and high chemical inertness. Therefore it is extremely difficult to machine these ceramics with dimensions in few microns using traditional techniques. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an electro-thermal machining process used to structure conductive materials. By applying a conductive layer on top of the non-conductive material, the EDM process can also be used to machine the non-conductive material. This paper presents a study on the effect of tool polarity and tool rotation on the material removal rate and electrode wear ratio during the EDM process of non-conductive SiC, ZrO2 and AlN ceramics. The reasons for the variation in the material removal rates among the different ceramics are examined by comparing the material properties. Relatively lower value of flexural strength, fracture toughness and melting temperature is the reason for AlN ceramic to have the higher MRR than SiC and ZrO2 ceramics.

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Zhang, Shengfang, Wenchao Zhang, Puyong Wang, et al. "Simulation of Material Removal Process in EDM with Composite Tools." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 24, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1321780.

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With the development of (electrical discharge machining) EDM technology, composite tools with special features gradually replace the traditional single-material tools and have become widely used in specific processing conditions. In order to predict the wear of composite tool effectively, in this paper, a material removal model of single-pulse EDM with composite tools was established by using the finite element method. The surface temperature distribution of the composite tool was obtained by taking the copper-die steel tool as the analysis object. And the shape of discharge crater as well as the removal volume was obtained by the element birth and death method. The influences of discharge parameters and tool materials on the removal volume were analyzed respectively. The EDM experiments were carried out by using copper-die steel as the composite tool to verify the simulation results. It shows that the errors between actual machining results and the simulation results are less than 10%, which proves the accuracy of the simulation model.

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Zhou, Yu Hai. "The Application and Performance of Diamond and PCBN Tools in Difficult-to-Cut Materials." Solid State Phenomena 263 (September 2017): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.263.90.

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Diamondand PCBN are extra-hard materials. There are several grades in the PCD andPCBN groups. Comprehensive Review of Super hard materials such as diamond cutting tools, high-speed machining PCBN tool and performance, the type of domestic and international manufacturing and research status . Elaborate on three high-speed machining with a diamond cutter nature and characteristics of the domestic and foreign manufacturing enterprise status, as well as polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool features and applications. The isotropic synthetic graphite high-speed processing of diamond tool applications, engine block, cylinder heads high-speed milling PCBN cutting tool applications, aerospace application example to illustrate the advantages of hard material tool in high-speed machining of titanium alloys in high speed turning PCBN tools. Hard material tool to provide guidance and support for the selection of high-speed processing manufacturing enterprises.

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Wang, Limei, Xiaorui Shi, Bo Wang, Hanlian Liu, Chuanzhen Huang, and Xuefei Liu. "Effect of mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/(W,Ti)C ceramic tool material on its tribological characterization." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 9, no. 4 (2021): 045031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac3a9a.

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Abstract Ceramic cutting tools are mainly used in high-speed dry machining, thus the tool material is in high temperature friction state with the workpiece material during cutting. The tribological characterizations have a direct impact on the cutting performance of the tool. Therefore, tribological characterizations of two kinds of ceramic tool materials with different mechanical properties against hardened steel H13 were compared at the same temperature, one material is Al2O3/(W,Ti)C/Ni with Ni (marked as AWTN), another is Al2O3/(W,Ti)C without Ni (marked as AWT). Also, the variation of tribological characterizations of AWT ceramic tool material with different temperatures was emphatically investigated. The results showed that the average friction coefficients of AWT and AWTN decreased with the increase of sliding speed under the same load, and the friction coefficient of AWT was lower than that of AWTN. Although AWTN material had better flexural strength and fracture toughness than AWT at ambient temperature, yet better hardness of AWT material both at room temperature and high temperature led to the lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate, indicating that the hardness had a greater impact on the wear of ceramic tool materials. The friction coefficient of AWT decreased with the increase of load and increased with the increase of temperature. The wear mechanism of Al2O3/(W,Ti)C ceramic tool material was different at different temperatures. The conclusion of this research had important guiding significance for the selection of cutting tools and cutting parameters in order to improve the machining quality.

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Zhao, Hai Dong, Li Bao An, Pei Qing Yang, and Ye Geng. "Application of CBN Cutting Tools in Hard Turning and Tool Wear." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2022.

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Considerable research has been directed towards discovering new engineering materials for various applications. As a superhard material, Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) has been developed and applied to engineering for several tens of years. Due to its high specific strength and stiffness as well as good creep, fatigue and wear resistance at elevated temperatures, CBN has been widely used as cutting tool material in manufacturing industry. In this paper, the preparation and characteristics of CBN are introduced. As hard turning has been more and more employed in recent years as an advanced metal cutting technique, the application of CBN cutting tools in hard turning is presented based on the literature, and in particular, the main wear mechanisms of CBN tools in hard turning are summarized, owing to the significant influence of tool wear on the tool life and product quality.

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22

Song, Shi-Xue, Xing Ai, Jun Zhao, and Chuan-Zhen Huang. "Al2O3/Ti(C0.3N0.7) cutting tool material." Materials Science and Engineering: A 356, no. 1-2 (2003): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00916-4.

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Schindlerová, Vladimíra, and Ivana Šajdlerová. "INFLUENCE TOOL WEAR IN MATERIAL FLOW." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/66507.

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Brnic, J., M. Canadija, G. Turkalj, et al. "Tool Material Behavior at Elevated Temperatures." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 24, no. 7-8 (2009): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910902809800.

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Li, S., L. F. C. Jeanmeure, and Q. Pan. "A composite material characterisation tool: UnitCells." Journal of Engineering Mathematics 95, no. 1 (2015): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10665-014-9776-4.

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26

Vopát, Tomáš, Jozef Peterka, Vladimír Šimna, and Ivan Buranský. "The Influence of Copy Strategy on the Tool Life of Ball End Mills and Achieved Surface Roughness." Key Engineering Materials 686 (February 2016): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.686.240.

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The article deals with the tool life of ball nose end mills and surface roughness of steel C45 depending on up-copying and down-copying. The cemented carbide and high speed steel was used as tool material. Furthermore, the new and sharpened cutting tools were also compared. In the experiment, the cutting speed, feed rate, axial and radial depth of cut were not changed. The results show different achieved surface roughness of machined material C45 and tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the copy milling strategy for various tool materials.

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Rajabinasab, Fereydoon, Vahid Abedini, Mohammadjafar Hadad, and Ramezanali Hajighorbani. "Experimental investigation of the effect of tool material on the performance of AISI 4140 steel in the rotary near dry electrical discharge machining." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 234, no. 4 (2020): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408920922102.

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This research conducts in three sections. The first section studies the effect of tool materials and gases on rotary workpiece electrical discharge machining. During the experiments, the effects of three kinds of tool materials (Cu, Cu-Cr, and Cu-Sn) and three types of industrial gases (air, argon, and CO2) on the material removal rate, tool wear rate, and workpiece surface roughness are investigated. The second is a comparison between rotary workpiece, rotary tool, and the fixed workpiece by choosing the appropriate tool material and gas in order to observe the effect of workpieces rotation on the process. Finally, another comparison has been done between wet electrical discharge machining and near dry electrical discharge machining of the fixed workpiece in order to study the effect of the dielectric. The results show the copper tool has the best performance compared with other tools. Scanning electron microscopy output shows the Cu-Sn tool creates shallow micro-cracks on the surface. Air and CO2 gases have the higher material removal rate in low current, but argon has better function than other gases in high current. In addition, a rotational speed causes an increase in material removal rate and tool wear rate and surface roughness decrease in near dry electrical discharge machining. The level of tool wear rate has decreased by 14% in the rotary workpiece compared with the rotary tool.

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Camino, G., A. Ya Polishchuk, M. P. Luda, M. Revellino, R. Blancon, and J. J. Martinez-Vega. "Water ageing of SMC composite materials: a tool for material characterisation." Polymer Degradation and Stability 61, no. 1 (1998): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00129-8.

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Patel, Dr C. P., and Shubham Patel. "Modelling and Analysis of CNC Milling Machine Bed with UHM CFRP composite Material." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42026.

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Abstract: Structural materials are used in a machine tool have a key role in defining the productivity, accuracy and Size proportions of the part manufactured by machine tool. The conventional structural materials like cast iron and Stainless or carbon steel at high operating speeds but used in precision machine tools grow positional errors due to the vibrations transferred into the Machine tool structure. Faster cutting speeds can be achieve only by structure which has good damping characteristics and high stiffness. Clearly the life of a machine tool is proportional to the levels of vibration Produce by machine. The further Work is carried out to Study the deformation and natural frequency using Static analysis and Modal analysis respectively. The bed in machine tool Took Major role in the precision in components. It is one of the greatest vital tool structures which is absorb the vibrations resultant from the cutting operation. To analyse the bed for possible material changes and Structure changes that could increase stiffness, decrease weight, expand damping characteristics and segregate natural frequency at the operating range. So main enthusiasm behind the impression to go for a composite Material in model involving ultra-High Modulus Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Material (UHM CFRP). In a carbon has good stiffness and strength properties but its absences in damping requirements. On the other hand, polymers, though its deficiencies in strength but, good damping in characteristics and it is easily holding the carbon fibres. So, this is makes greatest combination of materials in an appropriate manner. In this work, a machine tool’s bed is selected for the analysis static loads. Then study is carried out to decrease the weight of the machine tool’s bed without affecting its structural rigidity. The 3D CAD model of the bed has been created by using commercial 3D modelling software and analyses were carried out using ANSYS 2021 R2. Keywords: Composite material, hybrid structures, Milling machine bed, UHM CFRP.

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Du, Jin, Zhan Qiang Liu, Jing Jie Zhang, Pei Li Xu, and Yan Jin Guan. "Heat Conduction in Coated Tools during Cutting Based on Finite Element Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.1061.

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Cutting tool temperature which mainly depended on the tool-chip interface temperature has crucial effect on the tool service performance and its life. It is essential to investigate the heat conduction in the cutting tool in order to define the temperature distribution on the cutting tool during machining. Advanced coating materials are adopted to deposit on the carbide substrate to enhance the tools’ cutting performance. Thus, the influence of coating layers on the heat transfer during the cutting process has been an important research topic. Advantage software was employed to simulate the cutting process in this paper. The influences of coating materials on the temperature distribution in the cutting tools were investigated. The study results show that KCU10 cutting tool with TiAlN/TiN coating layers shows good thermal properties than that of KT315 cutting tool with TiN/TiC/TiN coating layers. The cutting temperature along the tool-chip contact length shows increasing trend first with the distance from the tool tip point and then decreasing after the tool-chip separation point. Under the same coating thickness, TiAlN coating material presents better thermal properties than TiN coating material.

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Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, Li Jing Zou, Yan Ying Wu, and Dong Sun. "Diffusion and Oxidation Wear of Superhard Cutting Tool Based on Thermodynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.511.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature, the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpice materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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Malarvannan, R. Ravi Raja, T. V. Moorthy, P. Hariharan, and Samraj Ravi. "Enhancement of Wear Properties on High Speed Steel Tool Using PVD Coating Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 812 (November 2015): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.812.107.

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Engineering industries are currently using many tool materials such as ceramic,carbide, high speed steel, Cubic Boron nitride and diamond. In most of the small scale industries, the lathe machines are consuming High Speed Steel (HSS) Tool. The HSS tools are easily available and cheapest one. In this present investigation, the Tungsten HSS Single point cutting tool was taken as substrate material. Two substrate HSS Tools were coated with two different combinations of TiAlN composite material using Physical Vapour Deposition coating technique. The surface roughness and hardness were determined for the tools in same condition. The tools were used in lathe machine in same operating condition. The weights of the tools were checked using standard equipment after each machining trials. The loss of tool weight for each trial was determined and the percentage of weight loss was calculated. The life of the Titanium Aluminium Nitride (Ti 70% , Al 25%) coated tool increased by 3.74 times than uncoated tool. The life of the Titanium Aluminium Nitride (Ti 55% , Al 35%) is increased by 2.71 times than uncoated HSS tool.

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LEE, YOUNG MOON, WON SIK CHOI, JAE HWAN SON, SUN IL KIM, and HEE CHUL JUNG. "TOOL STRESS PATTERN DEPENDING ON TOOL GEOMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (2010): 2792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210065647.

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In metal cutting practices, for a given tool material, tool geometry is a very important element and must be carefully designed in relation to the workpiece material to be machined. Patterns of tool stress are varying with input cutting conditions; however, effects of tool geometry on tool stress are not clearly understood. The load distribution on tool face is affected by the tool geometry and this causes the change of the stress distribution on the tool.

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Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, Li Jing Zou, Xue Yan, and Yan Ying Wu. "Diffusion and Oxidation Wear of PCBN Tool when Cutting Six Workpiece Materials Based on Thermodynamics." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.128.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C ? when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature; the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpiece materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, Li Jing Zou, Yan Ying Wu, and Chuan He. "Diffusion and Oxidation Wear of Superhard Cutting Tool Based on Thermodynamics Solubility." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1417.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C? when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature, the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpiece materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, Li Jing Zou, Yan Ying Wu, and Dong Sun. "Diffusion and Oxidation Wear of PCBN Tool when Cutting Materials Difficult-to-Cut Based on Thermodynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.54.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature, the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpice materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, Li Jing Zou, Yan Ying Wu, and Chuan He. "Diffusion and Oxidation Wear of Superhard Cutting Tool Based on Thermodynamics Enthalpy." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2389.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C? when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature, the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpice materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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38

Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, and Jiang Hong Li. "Diffusion Wear and Oxidation Wear of PCBN Tool when Cutting Materials Difficult-to-Cut Based on Thermodynamics Solubility." Materials Science Forum 836-837 (January 2016): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.242.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature., the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpice materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2mm and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, Ying Qun Xiao, Li Hua Xiao, Ke Sheng Zhang, and Qun Cai. "Wear of PCBN Tool when Cutting Materials Difficult-to-Cut Based on Thermodynamics Solubility." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.1207.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000¡æ when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature., the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpice materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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Shao, Fang, Yu Ting Wang, Li Jing Zou, Yan Ying Wu, and He Chuan. "Diffusion Wear of PCBN Tool when Cutting Materials Difficult-to-Cut Based on Thermodynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.525.

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Cutting temperature always highly reaches over to 1000°C when high speed machining with PCBN tools. Diffusion of tool material element may have important influence on tool wear at such high temperature, the diffusion wear and oxidation wear have become the major wear mechanism. In this paper, the rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for PCBN cutting tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory. Dissolution concentrations in typical normal workpice materials of PCBN tool material at different temperature are then calculated. Diffusion reaction rules in high temperature are developed and analyzed using Gibbs free energy criterion. The machining tests were conducted using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds of 50, 95,100 and 180 m/min, feed of 0.1, 0.2 and depth of cut of 0.1, 0.8, 1, and 1.5 mm respectively on PUMA300LM numerically-controlled lathe. It was found that the theoretical results were uniform with the experimental data; the results will provide useful references for tool material design and selection.

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Shinozuka, Jun. "Fabrication of Multiple Micro-Grooves by Ultrasonic Machining with a Tool that Laminated Thin Hard-Material and Thin Soft-Material." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.577.

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A micro-grooving method by ultrasonic machining with a lamination tool has been devised. Thin walls on the tip of an ultrasonic tool can fabricate many grooves on a workpiece by one ultrasonic-machining process. Thinner wall for fabricating micro grooves, however, poses the lack of the stiffness of the tool, resulting in the difficulty of the grooving. Then the walls are enfolded with a soft material such as a polymer plastic to supplement the lack of the stiffness. Since soft material absorbs the energy of the ultrasonic vibration, the damage by the impacts of the abrasive particle on the workpiece surface under the soft material is little. Therefore multiple micro-grooves can fabricate efficiently by using of a lamination tool in which thin hard-materials and thin soft-materials are laminated alternately. In this paper, the lamination tools were developed with a thin shim-sheet as the hard material and an epoxy adhesive as the soft material. The fabrication experiments of the parallel grooves on alumina ceramics were conducted. This paper investigates the influences of the parameters of ultrasonic machining such as the grain size of the abrasive particle, the static machining load or static normal stress applied to the tool-workpiece contact region and the grooving time upon the characteristics of the micro-grooves. The results show that the grooving efficiency depends on the grooving time and the static normal stress. Finally, some applications are shown.

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Lutz, Benjamin, Philip Howell, Daniel Regulin, Bastian Engelmann, and Jörg Franke. "Towards Material-Batch-Aware Tool Condition Monitoring." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 4 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040103.

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In subtractive manufacturing, process monitoring systems are used to observe the manufacturing process, to predict maintenance actions and to suggest process optimizations. One challenge, however, is that the observable signals are influenced not only by the degradation of the cutting tool, but also by deviations in machinability among material batches. Thus it is necessary to first predict the respective material batch before making maintenance decisions. In this study, an approach is shown for batch-aware tool condition monitoring using feature extraction and unsupervised learning to analyze high-frequency control data in order to detect clusters of materials with different machinability, and subsequently optimize the respective manufacturing process. This approach is validated using cutting experiments and implemented as an edge framework.

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Fu, Tie, Qi Xun Yu, Bin Liu, and Yu Guang Wu. "Development and Application of Cermet Cutting Tools Material." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.163.

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In this paper, the development and mechanical, physical properties on cermet cutting tool material are described. By using the cermet insert NT7 developed in recent years and WC based carbide insert YT14, the tool wear, impact and cutting force tests to high strength steel 38CrNi3MoVA (hardened and tempered, HRC36~40) are processed respectively. The results of these tests demonstrate that NT7 cutting tools have better performance on some characteristics, such as wear resistance, tool life and cutting force. And its ability of impact resistance is similar to YT14. These researches will benefit to the poplarizaion and application of cermet cutting tool.

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Storch, Borys, Anna Zawada-Tomkiewicz, and Łukasz Żurawski. "Minimal thickness of cut layer in the vicinity of the cutting edge rounding." Mechanik 91, no. 10 (2018): 889–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.10.154.

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The article presents an evaluation of the results of experimental tests useful for determining the minimum thickness of cut during machining of single-point tools of defined geometry. After completing the tests for several cut materials and types of tool materials, extrapolation equations were developed while maintaining constant temperature. Factors interfering with the mechanism of separation, influencing the measurements of the components of the cutting force and the cutting temperature depend on the cut material and the material of the tool.

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Tarmizi, Tarmizi, and Odi Buana Hutapea. "Desain dan Pembuatan Perkakas untuk Proses Friction Stir Welding pada Material Aluminium 5052." Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri 9, no. 2 (2016): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26578/jrti.v9i2.1709.

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Friction Stir Welding is a process of joining metals without filler and without melting the base metal. The system uses the work of the FSW tool with a rotating cylindrical indenter to heat with friction material. Making tools for FSW process includes the selection of materials, testing the chemical composition, microstructure, tool design, heat treatment process on the tool, and testing tools. Materials used tool steel AISI H13 or SKD 61. This steel has a combination of strength, wear resistance, and excellent toughness. The shape of the pin tool is to use triangles, cylinders, and cones. Tool is heated at a temperature of 1100oC on hold for 30 minutes, cooled in oil. Then the material is heated at a temperature of 450oC back on hold 30 minutes, cooled in the furnace has been turned off. Hardness test results produced after heat treatment at 52.8 HRC. The microstructure after heat treatment are carbide and martensite phase. In the experiments showed that the optimum welding on cylindrical shape with a visual tool welds excellent.ABSTRAKPengelasan aduk friksi (Friction Stir Welding) merupakan proses penyambungan logam tanpa logam pengisi dan tanpa melelehkan logam induk. Sistem kerja dari FSW menggunakan peralatan silindris yang berputar (rotating cylindrical tool) dengan indentor untuk memanaskan material dengan gesekan. Pembuatan peralatan untuk proses FSW ini meliputi pemilihan bahan material, pengujian komposisi kimia, struktur mikro, mendesain perkakas, proses perlakuan panas pada perkakas, dan pengujian pada perkakas. Material perkakas yang digunakan baja AISI H13 atau SKD 61. Baja ini memiliki kombinasi kekuatan, ketahanan aus, dan ketangguhan yang sangat baik. Bentuk pin perkakas yang gunakan ialah segitiga, silinder, dan kerucut. Perkakas dipanaskan pada temperatur 1100oC ditahan selama 30 menit, didinginkan di oli. Kemudian material dipanaskan kembali pada temperatur 450oC ditahan 30 menit, didinginkan dalam tungku yang telah dimatikan. Hasil uji kekerasan yang dihasilkan setelah perlakuan panas sebesar 52,8 HRC. Struktur mikro setelah perlakuan panas terdapat karbida dan fasa martensit. Pada percobaan pengelasan didapatkan hasil yang optimum pada bentuk peralatan silinder dengan visual lasan yang sangat baik. Kata kunci : Perkakas FSW, baja perkakas AISI H13, karbida krom

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Fan, Yi Hang, Min Li Zheng, Ming Ming Cheng, and D. Q. Zhang. "Tool Wear Prediction when Maching Ti6Al4V Using Different Tool Materials." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.325.

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The tool life is different when using different tool materials machine Ti6Al4V under different cutting conditions. Based on the experiments of cutting Ti6Al4V using different tool materials, the tool wear prediction model is established with BP neural network theory. The wear prediction model is verified by further experiments. The results show that there is a valid prediction interval when using BP neural network predicts tool wear. When the cutting speed is in the vicinity of the training sample data, the relative error of the tool wear prediction and experimental results is less than 10%, which can meet the actual production. The tool wear prediction model is helpful for cutting tool material selection, cutting speed optimization and predomination the time of changing tool accurately when cutting titanium alloy.

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Chao, Choung Lii, Wen Chen Chou, Chung Woei Chao, and Chao Chang Arthur Chen. "Material Removal Mechanisms Involved in Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Brittle Materials." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.391.

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Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is considered to be a very effective and relatively accurate way to drill deep holes in brittle materials. Although brittle fracture (micro chipping) is the dominant material removal mechanism utilized by the RUM process, poor surface roughness and deep penetrated cracks are the consequence if the machining parameters are not properly controlled. To ensure the quality of the generated surface and to improve the process efficiency, efforts have been made in this study to correlate the material removal mechanisms, surface integrity and tool wear involved in the RUM process. Diamond-impregnated tools were used in the experiment and the ultrasonic vibration frequency was kept at 20 kHz. Three major material removal modes namely, impact mode, grinding mode and erosion mode were found to be the dominant removal processes at the tool tip, around the diamond wheel and around the steel sleeve respectively. It was also found that, during the grinding/erosion processes, the bonding material of the wheel was first eroded away and left big part of diamond grits well-exposed. Pull-out and/or fracture are normally the consequence of these exposed diamond grits due to the lack of support and protection.

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Balla, Oleg. "RESEARCH OF TOOL MATERIAL CUTTING PROPERTIES AND TOOL DESIGN PERFORMANCE CAPACITY." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 113, no. 6 (2016): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2016-6-10-25.

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Yamamoto, Kaoru. "Space-time analysis of raw material utilization for stone implements of the Jomon culture in Japan." Antiquity 64, no. 245 (1990): 868–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0007900x.

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Introduction The materials from which tools are made reflect the intention of tool makers concerning function, use, size and shape of the tools. Even the materials of stone implements in prehistoric times must have reflected the intention of tool makers. Inada (1969: 4) pointed out that the technology of making tools reflects the interacting elements of materials and retouchments. It is a fundamental premise of this paper that understanding patterns of raw material utilization for stone implements is a key to the solution of questions concerning cultural tradition, cultural behaviour, culture areas and trade in the stone age.

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Kuai, Ji Cai, Fei Hu Zhang, and Ya Zhong Liu. "ELID Grinding Technology of Nano-Material Cutting Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.960.

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As ELID grinding technology is characterized by simpleness, practicality, low cost and so on, it is wildly used in ultra-precision sharpening, ultra-precision grinding, ultra-precision polishing and some other fields of difficult-to-cut material. ELID grinding technology was applied in the grinding of cutting tool in this paper, and the cutting tools with nano-grained cemented carbide, common cemented carbide, nanoY-TZP ceramics and some other materials were respectively grinded. Then, the surface quality of their anterior and posterior grinding horns and their edge radius were studied and compared with traditional grinding technology of cutting tool. The results show that the surface roughness and edge radius of nano-grained cemented carbide cutting tool are respectively Ra2nm and 0.3μm, the surface roughness and edge radius of common cemented carbide cutting tool are respectively Ra20nm and 1μm and the surface roughness and edge radius of nanoY-TZP ceramic cutting tool are respectively Ra60nm and 0.2μm after grinding by applying ELID grinding technology, which are far better than that from traditional grinding technology; this further proves that the adoption of ELID grinding technology in the grinding of cutting tool is feasible.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tool material'

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