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Journal articles on the topic 'Tools for Gears'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Sovilj-Nikić, Sandra, Bogdan Sovilj, Gyula Varga, Nicolae Ungureanu, and Vladimir Blanuša. "Analysis of the tool life of coated hob milling tools for gear cutting of cylindrical gear." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818403011.

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The improvement of the gear cutting process by hob milling is also significant for the producers of gears as well as for the producers of hob milling tools. Due to the complexity of the process, the high values of the gears, and in particular the hob milling tool, the research of the bases for optimizing the process of gear cutting by hob milling requires significant financial resources and significant efforts of the researchers. In the modern production of gears there is a continuous demand for increasing the economy. In the gear cutting process improvements of the production equipment and ma

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2

Gołębski, Rafał, and Piotr Boral. "Study of Machining of Gears with Regular and Modified Outline Using CNC Machine Tools." Materials 14, no. 11 (2021): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112913.

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Classic methods of machining cylindrical gears, such as hobbing or circumferential chiseling, require the use of expensive special machine tools and dedicated tools, which makes production unprofitable, especially in small and medium series. Today, special attention is paid to the technology of making gears using universal CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools with standard cheap tools. On the basis of the presented mathematical model, a software was developed to generate a code that controls a machine tool for machining cylindrical gears with straight and modified tooth line using th

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Kawasaki, Kazumasa, Isamu Tsuji, and Hiroshi Gunbara. "Manufacturing method of double-helical gears using CNC machining center." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 7-8 (2015): 1149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215602288.

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Double-helical gears are usually manufactured using special type of machine tools, such as gear hobbing and shaping machines. In this paper, a manufacturing method of double-helical gears using a CNC machining center instead of the special type of machine tools is proposed. This manufacturing method has the following advantages: (i) the tooth surfaces can be modified arbitrarily, (ii) all we have to do in gear machining is only one machine setting, (iii) the hole and blank diameter and so on except the tooth surface can be also machined, and (iv) the auxiliary apparatus, special type of tools,

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4

Wojtko, Kamil, and Piotr Frąckowiak. "Modeling the process of shaping worm gears of spiroid gear." Mechanik 91, no. 1 (2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.1.3.

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The article presents various methods of shaping cylindrical spiroid worm gear of asymmetrical outline using two tools. Cutting thread of worm gears is made on CNC lathes with blades in the form of universal inserts. Shows the geometric model and technological machining cylindrical worm gear spiroid on a CNC lathe. The correctness of the test results obtained in numerical developed program was tested through experimental studies of the process of cutting worm gears given parameters. Cutting process of worm gears was made on a lathe CTX210 using overlay ShopTurn in module for threading. The proc

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Sakaridis, Emmanouil S., Georgios D. Ntourmas, Stavros D. Athanasopoulos, and Angelos P. Markopoulos. "A mathematically assisted methodology for the experimental calculation of the internal gear ratios to extend the lifecycle of a hobbing machine." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 46, no. 1 (2017): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419017715425.

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Manufacturing of gears can be achieved with various methods, including the cutting of gears in a hobbing machine. The function of such a machine tool is based on a combination of timing gears which synchronize all moving components accurately. Variations in the synchronization, which alter the geometric features of the gear being cut, are achieved via external gearboxes with interchangeable gears. Thus, precise knowledge of the change gears that correspond to the desired gear geometry is essential in order to operate the machine tool properly. The hobbing machine examined in this paper had rem

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Li, Nai Gen, Nan Xu, Nian Jun Zhang, and Meng Guo Zhu. "42CrMo Hard Surface Gear Intensity Tests and Modified Parameter Correction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.145.

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Hard surface gears drive is considering mainly how to improve the tooth root bending fatigue strength and wear resistance of the teeth. Based on the analysis of sliding ratio, coincidence degree and the gear tooth root bending fatigue strength, basic parameters of gear can be modified to improve strength. Although these gears must be cut by the standard tools, high strength gears are needed in machinery. In this research, intensity experiments were conducted with 42CrMo modified and standard hard surface gears. Experiment results show that the improvements of 42CrMo gear parameters are effecti

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7

Chan, Sunny, Sammy Wong, Tom C. Kong, and Ru Du. "Development of a Millimeter Scale Turning Centre for Gear Hobbing." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.249.

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Conventional machining is generally preferred in manufacturing metal components with 2½D features and/or 3D silhouettes. With the ever increasing demand for reduced sizes and increased accuracy, however, traditional machine tools have become ineffective for cutting miniature components. A typical example is gear manufacturing. It is known that gears are machined using the gear hobbing process in which the cutter axis and the workpiece axis are required to be synchronized to an accurate constant ratio. According to a market survey, only a few machine tools can make gears with the size of φ1.0 m

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8

Yang, Lin, Peng Zhang, and Yuan Tao Wang. "Research on Processing of Large-Size Spiral Bevel Gear CNC Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3466.

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In this paper, a new type of large-size spiral bevel gear machine is used as a model to study the structural characteristics of spiral bevel gears. Geometric and mathematical models of the machine tool are established. According to the processing principle of spiral bevel gear by forming method with disc cutter, the position and angle of cutter relative to the workpiece are researched.The tool motion is converted to the machine tool coordinate system by coordinate transformation, then the tool trajectory can be obtained to provide the basis for the processing of spiral bevel gears.

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9

Krivosheya, Anatoliy, Yevhen Pashchenko, Volodymyr Melnyk, and Kyryl Shcherbyna. "Investigation of the influence of the process of gear honing by diamond worm honing tools on the roughness factor of gear wheels." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 106 (May 24, 2021): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2021.106.296-311.

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In the presented article, a new method of finishing is considered in more detail - gear honing of cylindrical gears. Analysis of literature sources shows that the most problematic technological operation is the finishing of gear wheels and gear honing in particular. The difference between the traditional honing of cylindrical gears with disc abrasive honing and the new method of processing with diamond worm honing is shown. The main advantage of this method is that it can be implemented on milling machines. New tools are proposed - diamond worm gears and the technology of their manufacture is

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10

Nieszporek, Tadeusz, Andrzej Piotrowski, Piotr Boral, and Konrad Potiomkin. "Step-by-Step Machining of Spur Gears with Longitudinal Tooth Modification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 791 (September 2015): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.791.272.

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Involute spur gears are manufactured by various technologies, the most common of which is the hobbing method. They are cut with special tools, in general on special machine tools. The article presents the principles of the technology of machining gears by the step-by-step method on universal CNC machine tools. The tool used is a ball-end finger-type mill, whose geometry is not associated with the geometry of the toothing being cut. The developed technology enables the longitudinal modification of the tooth profile. It can be useful especially in the machining of gears in piece production and l

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11

Álvarez, Álvaro, Amaia Calleja, Mikel Arizmendi, Haizea González, and Luis Lopez de Lacalle. "Spiral Bevel Gears Face Roughness Prediction Produced by CNC End Milling Centers." Materials 11, no. 8 (2018): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081301.

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The emergence of multitasking machines in the machine tool sector presents new opportunities for the machining of large size gears and short production series in these machines. However, the possibility of using standard tools in conventional machines for gears machining represents a technological challenge from the point of view of workpiece quality. Machining conditions in order to achieve both dimensional and surface quality requirements need to be determined. With these considerations in mind, computer numerical control (CNC) methods to provide useful tools for gear processing are studied.

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12

Liu, You Yu, Gou Zheng Zhang, and Jiang Han. "Graphic Simulation of Hobbing Process for Higher-Order Elliptic Gear." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.466.

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To solve higher-order elliptic gear manufacturing problems, this paper builds the model of hobbing process based on higher-order elliptic gear equation, and researches the graphic simulation technology of hobbing process by using tools (inclined) rack. Four higher-order elliptic spur gears and helical gears with different parameters are simulated by Matlab, to verify the processing model built and the condition of hobbing process can be applied. This work provided the theory foundation for the manufacturing modular of higher-order elliptic gear in CNC System and the reference for its manufactu

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13

Smith, Zan, and Maribeth Fletcher. "Gearing Up With Plastic." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 09 (1998): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-sep-5.

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This article explains the engineering design concepts behind injection-molded gears that make drives lighter, quieter, and less costly. As the experience base with plastic gears has grown, computer-aided-design (CAD) tools have advanced. The most powerful advantages of plastic gears may be the design opportunities they afford. Gear geometries overlooked by designers used to metal are often easy to mold in plastic, and they can reduce drive size, weight, and cost. The operating speed of plastic gears obviously impacts operating temperature. However, rapid-loading rates can also affect material

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14

Ryazanov, S., and M. Reshetnikov. "Calculation of the coordinates of the modified profile of the generating surface of the gear cutting tool." Geometry & Graphics 8, no. 4 (2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2021-8-4-35-46.

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Spatial helical gears, worm gears with a cylindrical worm, globoid gears, etc., are widely used in most of modern engineering products [1-3; 37; 42]. Cylindrical worm gears are actively used in the creation of metalworking equipment (push mechanisms of rolling mills, presses, etc.), in lifting and transport machines, in drives and kinematic chains of various machine tool equipment where high kinematic accuracy is required (dividing machine tools, adjustment mechanisms), etc. In a worm gear a cylindrical worm or its cylindrical helical surface can be cut by various technological methods [

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15

Yu, Li Juan, Zhao Jun Yang, and Xu Peng Li. "Theoretical Analysis on Manufacturing Hypoid Left-Hand Gears by Generating-Line Method." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 3032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.3032.

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According to the hypoid gear tooth surface forming principle, a generating-line will be formed in round-plane while a cone and its tangent circle plane do pure rolling, and the hypoid gear is cutting according to the motion equation as hypoid gears generating-line. to tools shape. The milling processing equation of the hypoid left-hand gear tooth surface on the right side gear tooth surface and on the left side gear tooth surface.There are a detailed description of the adjusting-tool , cutting out from ends, dividing, cycle cutting the whole process. The above method can realizes hypoid gearwh

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16

Boris, Vorontsov, Bosansky Miroslav, Kyrychenko Iryna, et al. "Methods of Designing Gear’s Machining Tools with the Hyperboloid Cutting Part." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 70, no. 1 (2020): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2020-0013.

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AbstractThe technique of obtaining a hyperboloidal gear engagement with linear contact between a cylindrical involute wheel and a hyperboloid producing worm is considered. The resulting cutting tool greatly simplifies the manufacturing technology of hyperboloid worms and hyperboloid gears along with improved accuracy and roughness of the machined teeth and lower manufacturing costs.

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17

Lindholm, Per, Mario Sosa, and Ulf Olofsson. "The effect of elasticity in powder metal gears on tooth loading and mean coefficient of friction." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 11 (2017): 2023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217712280.

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Powder metal gears have a lower density than conventional steel gears due to their intrinsic porosity from the manufacturing process. This also results in a lower elasticity leading to larger deformations and lower contact pressure in a gear contact. By using different modelling tools (namely FEA and available commercial software), the load behavior along the line of action is studied to compare the influence of lower elasticity with standard wrought steel elasticity for FZG-C type gears. A further step is taken analyzing this effect on the mean coefficient of friction through the recalculatio

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18

Schrank, Maximilian, Jens Brimmers, and Thomas Bergs. "Potentials of Vitrified and Elastic Bonded Fine Grinding Worms in Continuous Generating Gear Grinding." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010004.

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Continuous generating gear grinding with vitrified grinding worms is an established process for the hard finishing of gears for high-performance transmissions. Due to the increasing requirements for gears in terms of power density, the required surface roughness is continuously decreasing. In order to meet the required tooth flank roughness, common manufacturing processes are polish grinding with elastic bonded grinding tools and fine grinding with vitrified grinding tools. The process behavior and potential of the different bonds for producing super fine surfaces in generating gear grinding h

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19

Yang, Lin, Zhen Yu Wang, Shuai Nan Ren, and Yuan Tao Wang. "The Technology Research on Milling Large-Size Spiral Bevel Gears of the Finger Cutter." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.174.

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This paper refers to the finger cutter forming method to process large-size spiral bevel gears by using processing principles, tools, processing technology and path equations. In the actual production process, the method is made a rapid development for the revolutionary innovative process of large spiral bevel gear. The method of research is different from the disc cutter, so the processing of large spiral bevel gears have a new processing method to achievement.

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20

Yazhou, Wang, Xiao Junfeng, Liu Yongping, and An Jianmin. "Choice of Noncircular Gears Hobbing Linkage Methods." Recent Patents on Engineering 13, no. 1 (2019): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212112666180815121314.

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Background: Various relevant patents and papers which have reported noncircular gears synthesize the advantages of circular gears and cam mechanisms, and are widely used in many types of mechanical instruments. Hobbing is a better method for fabricating noncircular gears. There are 4 linkagemethods to hob noncircular gears. However, which linkage method should be chosen practically has not yet been reported. Objective: The goal of this work is to choose the best linkage method for hobbing noncircular gears. Method: Firstly, the hobbing models of noncircular gears was deduced. Then, based on th

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21

Лагутин, Сергей, Sergey Lagutin, Александр Сандлер, Aleksandr Sandler, Евгений Гудов, and Evgeniy Gudov. "Module and functionally-oriented techniques in designing and manufacturing worm gears." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 3 (2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24964.

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Worm gears of different purposes and dimensions belong to those objects of mechanical engineering which are connected with science intensive design works (computations and development of design arrangements) and with their not less science intensive technological realization in the course of production. In 2016 the authors published a training manual “Theory and practice of general worm gears production” (M. Infra-Engineering, 2016. – pp. 346) where there is generalized a scientific-production experience of enterprises of mechanical engineering and machine tools manufacture for the formation o

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22

Zhang, Cheng, Guo Xing Liang, Ming Lv, and Shi Ying Wang. "The Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Motion Parameters in the Process of Honing Gear." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.225.

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Gear honing processing is a kind of processing method which belongs to the point-contact generating gear finishing. Its movement form is equivalent to a pair of gears transmission which the surface of the gear-honing-tool is adhered a layer of grinding grain. When it works in rolling processing, the contact-point between the workpiece and gear-honing-tool is moving. Then the moving point becomes a line in the space, and with the gear-honing-tool being in axial play, a standard flank of tooth is finished. Using the gear meshing principle, kinematics model of relative sliding velocity in the con

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23

Kamchatna-Stepanova, Kateryna, and Oleksandr Klochko. "MODERN METHODS OF GEAR MILLING OF HARDENED LARGE-MODULE GEARS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 43, no. 6 (2021): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4340.

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The latest developments of modern methods of high-speed gear milling of large-module cylindrical gears, both for preliminary grinding of teeth and for final blade processing of gears, are considered. For high-speed blade gear processing, promising designs of worm carbide cutters have been developed, manufactured and implemented. The technological regulations of blade gear processing for the operation of each of the design solutions of worm carbide cutters have been developed. The design of a special double-body worm cutter for double-sided cutting has been developed. It is shown that the carbi

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24

ISHIBASHI, Akira, and Hidehiro YOSHINO. "Design and manufacture of gear cutting tools and gears with an arbitrary profile." JSME international journal 30, no. 265 (1987): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1987.30.1159.

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25

Baig, Mirza Salar, and S. Chakradhara Goud. "Study On Speed Control Mechanism With Differential Gear Box By Cae Tools." Think India 22, no. 2 (2019): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8744.

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This paper gives the comparative study among various techniques used to control the speed of three phase induction motor. Gear trains are one of the major reduction control technique in automobiles and the industrial sector. Present work focuses on the design development and analysis of a gear box with reduction. The objectives taken from the prior necessity, checked for three different motor speeds for better quality with low normal and high RPM. The motor connected to a reduction gear box known as differential gear box. The design analysed on the basis of motor speed that is RPM (2400 rpm, 6

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26

Kimiaei, Masoud, and Saleh Akbarzadeh. "Effect of profile modification on the performance of spur gears in isothermal mixed-EHL regime using load-sharing concept." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 6 (2018): 936–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118806802.

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Spur gears are one of the most important tools for power transmission in the industry and thus can be considered a key mechanical element. As a result of power transmission, gears might fail or experience wear and fatigue. So the improvement in the design and modification of tooth profile of gears can significantly reduce friction loss and wear of the gear teeth and therefore it increases the useful life, improves the quality, and reduces the cost. The purpose of this study is to show the influence of addendum modification on the tribological performance of spur gears which are operating in th

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27

O¨zel, Cihan, Ali I˙nan, and Latif O¨zler. "An Investigation on Manufacturing of the Straight Bevel Gear Using End Mill by CNC Milling Machine." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 3 (2005): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1863256.

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Accurate manufacturing of bevel gears is an important problem for small workshops because the module milling cutters used for manufacturing are not accurate enough for the task. In this study, manufacturing of straight bevel gears is investigated by using end mills in CNC milling with a vertical machining center. By using this method, use of auxiliary apparatus, special cutters (such as the circular cutter, the rack cutter, etc.), and special machine tools are not required. For the study, first the straight bevel gear was modeled by Tredgold’s approach and manufacturing equations of the straig

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28

Klocke, Fritz, Christof Gorgels, and Stefan Herzhoff. "Tool Load during Multi-Flank Chip Formation." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.525.

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Tools used in cutting processes with multi-flank chip formation like gear hobbing or bevel gear cutting, often reach their tool life due to excessive wear at the tool corner radius. Tool wear depends on the strength of the cutting edge and on the thermal and mechanical load. The objective of this work is to analyze the thermal and mechanical tool load during multi-flank chip formation. As the tool load cannot be measured in the necessary high local resolution, a finite element based machining simulation is used to model the process of chip formation. The simulation is able to calculate the tem

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29

MAKINO, Ryoya, and Toshikazu YAMAMOTO. "F-1606 Development of Teaching Tools for the Engagement of Involute Gears and Cycloidal Gears." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting IV.01.1 (2001): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.iv.01.1.0_387.

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30

Sugimoto, M., N. Maruyama, A. Nakayama, and N. Hitomi. "Effect of Tooth Contact and Gear Dimensions on Transmission Errors of Loaded Hypoid Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 113, no. 2 (1991): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912767.

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The effect of the tooth contact and alignment error of the hypoid gear assembly on transmission error was investigated with a new measuring apparatus which can measure the transmission errors of loaded hypoid gears assembled into a final drive unit. Measurements indicate that transmission error predictions made with the TCA and LTCA — analytical tools developed by Gleason Works for a no-load and loaded state, respectively — have sufficient accuracy when actual data on the gear tooth surface and alignment error of the gear assembly are used in the calculations. A systematic examination has also

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31

Antoniadis, A., N. Vidakis, and N. Bilalis. "Fatigue Fracture Investigation of Cemented Carbide Tools in Gear Hobbing, Part 1: FEM Modeling of Fly Hobbing and Computational Interpretation of Experimental Results." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 4 (2002): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1511172.

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Gear hobbing is a highly utilized flexible manufacturing process for massive production of external gears. However, the complex geometry of cutting hobs is responsible for the almost exclusive utilization of high-speed steel (HSS) as cutting tool material. The limited cutting performance of HSS, even coated HSS, restricts the application of high cutting speeds and restricts the full exploitation of modern CNC hobbing machine tools. The application of cemented carbide tools was considered as a potential alternative to modern production requirements. In former investigations an experimental vari

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32

Alwadie, A., Irfan Muhammad, and Nordin Saad. "The Fault Detection of Gears of Electromechanical Power Transmission System using Frequency Domain Approach." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.251.

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Electric motors are widely used in the industry and convert electrical power to mechanical power. Gears are connected with the motor shaft for frictionless power transmission. The power transmission efficiency is dropped when the gear teeth is damaged. It causes huge financial loss. There are various commercially available condition monitoring tools for the preventive maintenance and condition monitoring of the gearing systems. However, such tools and techniques are intrusive and costly. This paper presents a non-intrusive approach for timely detection of gear damages and can be integrated to

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Fot, Andrey, Vladimir Rassoha, and Evgeniy Pen'kov. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODICAL SUPPORT IN OPERATION SETUP OF UNIVERSAL MACHINE-TOOLS AT MOTOR CAR REPAIR COMPANIES." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 6 (2021): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-6-36-46.

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The investigation purpose: simplification and ensuring tooling high performance of two-pair gear trains in machines with change gears.  Methods used: numerical experiments for the characteristics definition of change gear sets in gear trains, a comparative analysis of different sets characteristics, a result visualization in a table form.  Relevance of the method offered is substantiated with considerable labor intensity in the definition of the gear combination in gear trains by existing methods based on tables use mainly through possible way selection.  Novelty: there are o

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Denkena, B., T. Grove, P. Dzierzawa, and F. L. Kempf. "Kontinuierliches Wälzschleifen*/Continuous gear grinding. Thermal and mechanical loads during continuous gear grinding with cBN grinding tools." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 06 (2019): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-06-75.

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Für die Leistung und die Standzeit der Zahnräder im Getriebe sind die Oberflächen- und Randzoneneigenschaften der Zähne entscheidend. Die Kenntnis der durch den Schleifprozess erzeugten Temperaturen ist von besonderem Interesse, da thermische Schädigungen ein Bauteil für den Einsatz unbrauchbar machen. Die Messung von Temperaturen nahe der Kontaktzone ist aufgrund der gekoppelten Rotation von Werkstück und Schleifwerkzeug aufwendig. Eine werkstückseitige Messung bietet eine einfachere Lösung dafür, die auch die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Werkzeuge erlaubt. &nbsp; Surface and subsurface

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Croccolo, Dario, Massimiliano De Agostinis, Giorgio Olmi, and Nicolò Vincenzi. "A Practical Approach to Gear Design and Lubrication: A Review." Lubricants 8, no. 9 (2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8090084.

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The modern design of mechanical parts, such as gears, goes through the continuous demand for a high level of efficiency and reliability, as well as an increased load carrying capacity and endurance life. The aim of the present paper was to perform a review and to collect practical examples in order to provide interesting tips and guidelines for gear design, including both its dimensioning and its lubrication. From this point of view, this paper is particularly novel, as it is a full-comprehensive collection of all the tools supporting gear design. Several practical aspects have been taken into

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Nieszporek, Tadeusz, and Andrzej Piotrowski. "Parametric Programming of CNC Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 282 (January 2013): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.282.203.

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CNC machine tools are increasingly often used in industry, and the development of the methods of their programming is also proceeding. Modern multipurpose multi-axial machine tools are programmed using special CAD/CAM software programs. Universal special programs for controlling CNC machine tools can, however, be generated in programs written in high-level languages. An example can be the machining of gears on universal CNC machine tools using versatile machining tools.

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Fan, Qi. "Advanced Developments in Computerized Design and Manufacturing of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gear Drives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.439.

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Design and manufacturing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears is highly complicated and has to be based on the employment of computerized tools. This paper comprehensively describes the latest developments in computerized modeling of tooth surface generation, flank form error correction, ease-off calculation, and tooth contact analysis for spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Accordingly, advanced software programs for computerized design and manufacturing of hypoid gears are developed.

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Kawalec, Andrzej, Jerzy Wiktor, and Dariusz Ceglarek. "Comparative Analysis of Tooth-Root Strength Using ISO and AGMA Standards in Spur and Helical Gears With FEM-based Verification." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 5 (2005): 1141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2214735.

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Current trends in engineering globalization require researchers to revisit various normalized standards that determine “best practices” in industries. This paper presents comparative analysis of tooth-root strength evaluation methods used within ISO and AGMA standards and verifying them with developed models and simulations using the finite element method (FEM). The presented analysis is conducted for (1) wide range of spur and helical gears manufactured using racks or gear tools; and for (2) various combinations of key geometrical (gear design), manufacturing (racks and gear tools), and perfo

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Yang, Wen Tong, Shen Teng Yang, Tie Neng Guo, Zhi Feng Liu, and Li Gang Cai. "The Nonlinear Vibration Characteristics of Gear Swing System of Overload Swing Angle Milling Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.138.

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The overloaded swing angle milling head is an important part of the CNC machine tools; the swing system is the drive components of overloaded swing angle milling head for feed movement, mainly by gears for cutting the feed motion. In this paper, a multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model with multi-level multi-backlash spur gears was established, by using of numerical analysis method to solve the analysis of gears wing nonlinear vibration characteristics of the system, the results show that the gaps between the gears have a rich nonlinear characteristics of the vibration of the system.

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Wahyuningrat, Tenang Haryanto, and Slamet Rosyadi. "Practices of Illegal Fishing in Pemalang Region: A Policy Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 47 (2018): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184706010.

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The use of unsustainable fishing gear has resulted in the decline of fish resources and threatens the sustainability of fish resources. This can cause harm to the state and the interests of the fishermen themselves. Although various policies governing fishing gear are already in place, unsustainable fishing practices remain. This, of course, has resulted in overfishing and causing environmental damage. Using the case of fishing practices in Pemalang Region, this study found that fishing gears used by fishermen are prohibited tools because they have negative impacts on the environment. Some fis

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Sałaciński, Tadeusz, Aleksander Przesmycki, and Tomasz Chmielewski. "Technological Aspects in Manufacturing of Non-Circular Gears." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103420.

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The construction and manufacture of non-circular gears is one of the most difficult issues in machine technology. Due to the limited technological capabilities of traditional machines and tools, past manufacturing methods were unable to calculate the assumed shape of the tooth line and its profile. Modern manufacturing methods using computer numerical control allow for the generation of non-circular gears with free-form tooth profiles and curvilinear teeth in their lengthwise direction. These methods are also used to manufacture internal gears. This article provides a review of the methods of

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Adhikari, Rameshwar, Suraj Baidya, Gaurav Das, et al. "Innovating protectives gears for frontline health professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic at a low resource setting." Applied Science and Technology Annals 1, no. 1 (2020): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/asta.v1i1.30272.

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We communicate briefly about the innovation of protective gear (such as Hazmat suit) and respirator mask that can be used by health care professionals as mouth and nose protection tools against the penetration of the microscopic particles containing highly contagious species into the body. As a research and development support to the local entrepreneurs willing to come up with innovative products, the structural and some surface functional properties of the polymeric materials available in local market were analyzed in comparison to the commercially available gears and masks. It has been found

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Lei, Baozhen, Harald Löwe, and Xunwei Wang. "Applications of the Exponential Function of the Euclidean Motion Group to the Theory of Gearing." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 869580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/869580.

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The present paper provides a first step to a new approach to the theory of gearing, which uses modern differential geometry in order to ensure a strict and coordinate-independent formulation. Here, we are mainly concerned with a basic equation, namely, the equation of meshing, of two rotating surfaces in mesh. Since we are able to solve this equation by the time parameter, we derive parameterizations of the mating pinion from a bevel gear as well as a parameterization for gears produced by special machine tools.

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Chen, En Ping, Shao Hui Li, Feng He Wu, and Chong Min Jiang. "Structure Design of Biaxial Rotary Milling Head with High-Torque, High-Precision and Mechanical Spindle." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.337.

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As a key component of heavy five-axis linkage CNC machine tools, the existing mechanical biaxial rotary milling heads are usually driven by worm gear, timing belt, or multi-stage gears. Worm gear is inefficiency to transmit motion, hard to maintain the accuracy and difficult to eliminate all clearance; Timing belt can be seriously worn and cannot maintain good accuracy; and multi-stage gears transmission has defects such as long chain, low transmission stiffness. This paper aims at designing a biaxial rotary milling head with large output torque of 3000Nm, high precision and high rigidity. So

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Stǎnǎşel, Iulian, Florin Blaga, and Traian Buidoş. "Parametric Design of Gear Hob Cutter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.736.

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The gears are some of the most used mechanical transmission due to the advantages its provide: constant transmission ratio, high power transmitted, high efficiency, small size, silent operation, precision kinematic, etc. This causes the wheel to be one of the most valuable machine elements both in terms of accuracy and processing technology as well. From the technological point of view due to high precision and productivity, one of the most methods used is processing with gear hob cutter. Although the tool profile does not depend on the number of teeth on the wheel, but only its module, large

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YOSHINO, Hidehiro, and Akira ISHIBASHI. "Design and manufacture of gear cutting tools and gears with an arbitrary profile. 4th report. A trial NC gear-grinder capable of finishing gear cutting tools and its applications." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 55, no. 514 (1989): 1473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.55.1473.

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ISHIBASHI, Akira, and Hidehiro YOSHINO. "Design and manufacture of gear cutting tools and gears with an arbitrary profile. (2nd report Trueing of wheel with NC dresser and form grinding of helical gears)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 53, no. 487 (1987): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.53.894.

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Wernicke, Sebastian, Peter Sieczkarek, Soeren Gies, and A. Erman Tekkaya. "Properties of Components with Incrementally Formed Gears." Metals 9, no. 5 (2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050515.

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The process class of sheet-bulk metal forming (SBMF) involves several advantages for the manufacture of functional components. Its incremental variant (iSBMF) enables a very flexible dimensioning of components. To treat the unfavorable manufacturing time of the incremental approach, this investigation is focused on an alternative process route using rotating forming tools, which decrease the process time significantly. After an analysis of the mechanical properties as well as the micro- and macroscopic surface quality, a quasi-static benchmark test was performed. Normalized by the weight of th

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Лагутин, Сергей, Sergey Lagutin, Александр Сандлер, and Aleksandr Sandler. "Formation of functionally-directed technology of the second order at cog-wheel working." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 2 (2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24549.

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It is shown in the paper that the functionally-directed technologies of tooth working in spur gears should be supplemented with the technologies of the second order which ensure machining quality increase and an efficient operation of gear-milling tools. In particular, there is investigated the producing surface distortion of a hob caused by regrinding its front surface. It is shown that for the compensation of this distortion at wheel machining it is expedient to correct an installation angle of the axis in a miller regrinded repeatedly. The conditions are determined (types and grades of accu

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Kobasko, Nikolai, Anatolii Moskalenko, and Volodymyr Dobryvechir. "RESEARCH ON USE OF LOW CONCENTRATION INVERSE SOLUBILITY POLYMERS IN WATER FOR HARDENING MACHINE COMPONENTS AND TOOLS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (March 30, 2018): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00582.

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There is an optimal water concentration of inverse solubility polymers ( 1 %) where in many cases film boiling is absent. Based on accurate experimental data of French and data of authors, it was shown that during quenching from 875 oC in cold water solutions of optimal concentration film boiling is completely absent for those steel parts initial heat flux densities of which are below critical value. It is established that initial heat flux density decreases with increase sizes of tested samples. Initial process of quenching (formation of boundary boiling layer), which makes further history of

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