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Journal articles on the topic 'Toombak'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim, and Abd-Elraheem Ali Babiker. "Assessment of Cytological Atypia, AgNOR and Nuclear Area in Epithelial Cells of Normal Oral Mucosa Exposed to Toombak and Smoking." Rare Tumors 1, no. 1 (2009): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rt.2009.e18.

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The purpose of this study was to assess cellular proliferative activity of clinically healthy oral mucosal epithelial cells of toombak dippers and smokers by means of AgNOR counts and nuclear areas via nuclear morphometry. Smears were collected from normal-appearing mouth floor mucosa and tongue of 75 toombak dippers, 75 smokers and 50 non-tobacco users between the ages of 20 and 70 with a mean age of 36 years. AgNORs were counted in the first 50 well-fixed, nucleated squamous cells and nuclear areas were calculated via microscopic stage micrometer. Cytological atypia was ascertained in 6 toba

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2

Idris, A. M., S. O. Ibrahim, E. N. Vasstrand, et al. "The Swedish Snus and the Sudanese Toombak: are they different?" Oral Oncology 34, no. 6 (1998): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1368-8375(98)00047-5.

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3

Hassanin, Ahmed Abbas, and Ali Mohamed Idris. "Attribution of oral cancer in the Sudan to Toombak dipping." Translational Research in Oral Oncology 2 (January 2017): 2057178X1668572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057178x16685729.

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4

Hassanin, Ahmed Abbas, and Ali Mohamed Idris. "Attribution of oral cancer in the Sudan to Toombak dipping." Translational Research in Oral Oncology 2 (January 2017): 2057178X1768572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057178x17685729.

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5

Idris, A. M., J. Nair, H. Ohshima, et al. "Unusually high levels of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in Sudan snuff (toombak)." Carcinogenesis 12, no. 6 (1991): 1115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.6.1115.

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6

Idris, A. M., B. Prokopczyk, and D. Hoffmann. "Toombak: A Major Risk Factor for Cancer of the Oral Cavity in Sudan." Preventive Medicine 23, no. 6 (1994): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1994.1141.

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7

Sami, Amel, Imad Elimairi, Dhrati Patangia, et al. "The ultra-structural, metabolomic and metagenomic characterisation of the sudanese smokeless tobacco ‘Toombak’." Toxicology Reports 8 (2021): 1498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.008.

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8

Alobaid, Awad, Ibrahim Elemam, Mohammed Alsheikh, Abdalhafeez Mahmud, and Hussain Ahmed. "Assessment of Oral Cellular proliferative activity among Toombak Dipper in Al-Obeyed City, Sudan." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology 6, no. 2 (2014): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2014.16037.

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9

Idris, A. M., K. A. A. S. Warnakulasuriya, Y. E. Ibrahim, R. Nielsen, D. Cooper, and N. W. Johnson. "Toombak-associated oral mucosal lesions in Sudanese show a low prevalence of epithelial dysplasia." Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 25, no. 5 (1996): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb01378.x.

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10

Idris, A. M., H. M. Ahmed, B. I. Mukhtar, A. F. Gadir, and E. I. El-Beshir. "Descriptive epidemiology of oral neoplasms in sudan 1970-1985 and the role of toombak." International Journal of Cancer 61, no. 2 (1995): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910610202.

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11

Idris, A. M., H. M. Ahmed, and M. O. A. Malik. "Toombak dipping and cancer of the oral cavity in the Sudan: A case-control study." International Journal of Cancer 63, no. 4 (1995): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910630402.

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12

Idris, A. M., Y. E. Ibrahim, K. A. A. S. Warnakulasuriya, D. J. Cooper, N. W. Johnson, and R. Nilsen. "Toombak Use and Cigarette Smoking in the Sudan: Estimates of Prevalence in the Nile State." Preventive Medicine 27, no. 4 (1998): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0331.

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13

Ahmed, HussainG, and RayanM Mahgoob. "Impact of Toombak dipping in the etiology of oral cancer: Gender-exclusive hazard in the Sudan." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 3, no. 2 (2007): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.34696.

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14

Patil, Shankargouda, Gururaj Arakeri, Abdul Wahab H. Alamir, et al. "Is toombak a risk factor for oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma ? A systematic review." Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 49, no. 2 (2019): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jop.12954.

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15

Almahdi, Hatim Mohammed, Raouf Wahab Ali, Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, and Elwalid Fadul Nasir. "Perception of health professions students of their role model status in Toombak cessation: A cross-sectional study from Sudan." PLOS ONE 14, no. 2 (2019): e0210837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210837.

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16

Suleiman, A. M. "The gingivolabial cancer: a disease of toombak dippers, a breach in the international classification of diseases and a challenge in surgery." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46 (March 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.466.

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17

Sapkota, D., O. Bruland, E. N. Vasstrand, and S. O. Ibrahim. "O130. Transcriptome signature of the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in oral squamous cell carcinomas from sudanese N-nitrosamine rich toombak users." Oral Oncology Supplement 3, no. 1 (2009): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oos.2009.06.215.

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18

Abdelhafiz, Hana, Rania Ahmed, Mogahid Yousif, Asmaa Warrag, and AbdAlraheem Babiker. "Application of AgNOR Scores for the Evaluation of Cytological Atypia for Oral Mucosa Exposed to Toombak from a Dental Teaching Hospital, of Sudan." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 17, no. 4 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2018/39011.

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19

Jalouli, Jamshid, Salah O. Ibrahim, Dipak Sapkota, et al. "Presence of human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in oral biopsies from Sudanese patients with regard to toombak use." Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 39, no. 8 (2010): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00910.x.

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20

Anass, M. Abbas, and Hussain G. Ahmed. "A Case-Control Study of Oral Epithelial Proliferative Markers among Sudanese Toombak Dippers Using Micronuclei Assay, Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region, Papanicolaou and Crystal Violet Methods." Rare Tumors 5, no. 3 (2013): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rt.2013.e31.

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21

Ibrahim, Salah O., Endre N. Vasstrand, Anne C. Johannessen, et al. "Mutations of thep53 gene in oral squamous-cell carcinomas from sudanese dippers of nitrosamine-rich toombak and non-snuff-dippers from the Sudan and Scandinavia." International Journal of Cancer 81, no. 4 (1999): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990517)81:4<527::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-2.

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22

Choo, Brian. "Revision of the actinopterygian genus Mimipiscis (=Mimia) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia and the interrelationships of the early Actinopterygii." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102, no. 2 (2012): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011011029.

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ABSTRACTThe Devonian actinopterygian Mimia Gardiner & Bartram (1977) of the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) Gogo Formation of Western Australia, one of the most completely known of all Palaeozoic ray-finned fishes, is renamed Mimipiscis nom. nov. due to preoccupation of the former genus by the butterfly Mimia Evans (1953). Recently acquired data, including the description of newly prepared fossil material, has revealed the presence of a second species in this formerly monotypic genus, as well as previously unreported features of the tail, parasphenoid and ontogenetic variability of type species,

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23

Stephenson, P. J., M. Zhang, and M. Spry. "Fractionation modelling of segregations in the Toomba Basalt, north Queensland." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 2 (2000): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00780.x.

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24

Blakely, Jeffrey A., and W. J. Bennett. "Lawrence Edmund Toombs, 1919-2007." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 351 (August 2008): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/basor25609283.

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25

Elliott, Peter M. "Bruce Toomba Mayes CMG, MVO, MD, FRCSEdin, FRACS, FRCOG, FRACOG, FRACGP." Medical Journal of Australia 167, no. 2 (1997): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138789.x.

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26

Whitehead, P. W., and P. J. Stephenson. "Lava rise ridges of the Toomba basalt flow, north Queensland, Australia." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B11 (1998): 27371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jb00029.

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27

Poehling, Gary G. "Jüri Toomas Kartus, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Editor." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 27, no. 7 (2011): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2011.05.007.

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28

Young, G. C., and H. P. Schultze. "New osteichthyans (bony fishes) from the Devonian of Central Australia." Fossil Record 8, no. 1 (2005): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200410002.

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Abstract. Osteichthyan remains described from two localities in Central Australia (Mount Winter, Amadeus Basin, and southern Toomba Range, Georgina Basin) include the dipnoan Amadeodipterus kencampbelli n. gen., n. sp., the osteolepidid Muranjilepis winterensis n. gen., n. sp., and the onychodontid Luckeus abudda n. gen., n. sp., as well as indeterminate holoptychiid scales, osteolepidid scales of a new type from the Georgina Basin locality, and indeterminate onychodontid remains from both localities. Amadeodipterus n. gen. is a short-headed dipterid dipnoan with bones A and H enclosed into th

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29

Mishra, A. K., C. Placzek, C. Wurster, and P. W. Whitehead. "New radiocarbon age constraints for the 120 km-long Toomba flow, north Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 66, no. 1 (2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2019.1523227.

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30

Remus, Harold. "Lawrence E. Toombs (April 1, 1919-December 14, 2007)." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 37, no. 2 (2008): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980803700208.

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31

BRAY, RODNEY A., and JEAN-LOU JUSTINE. "Hypocreadium toombo n. sp. (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) in the yellow-spotted triggerfish Pseudobalistes fuscus (Perciformes: Balistidae) and additional lepocreadiids parasitizing fishes from the waters off New Caledonia." Zootaxa 1326, no. 1 (2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1326.1.4.

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Hypocreadium toombo n. sp. is described from the balistid Pseudobalistes fuscus from the waters off New Caledonia. It is distinguished by a series of characters shared by no other Hypocreadium species. The specimens are always slightly longer than wide, have a distinct anterior notch, have the vitelline fields confluent or nearly so in the forebody and have the terminal ends of the caeca pointing anteriorly. Other lepocreadiid species also recorded from New Caledonian waters are Lobatocreadium exiguum from P. fuscus, Intusatrium robustum from Bodianus perditio and B. loxozonus, Postlepidapedon

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32

Pugliese, Alice. "Der Spannungsbogen von Autonomie und Verletzlichkeit. Eine phänomenologisch-anthropologische Reflexion / The Unsolved Tension between Autonomy and Vulnerability." Gestalt Theory 39, no. 2-3 (2017): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gth-2017-0024.

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Summary A phenomenological approach to anthropology should not propose a static definition of man, but inquire into specific human motivations, which never occur isolated. Therefore, the autonomy-dependency connection is presented as a possible human motivational ground. The notion of autonomy, presented with reference to the Kantian idea of the self-determining reason and to the Husserlian account of self-constitution, reveals in itself elements of dependency. On the other side, the notion of vulnerability and reliance is displayed through different approaches of Gehlen, MacIntyre and Toombs

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33

Jr., William J. Cooper, and William C. Davis. "The Union That Shaped the Confederacy: Robert Toombs and Alexander H. Stephens." Journal of Southern History 68, no. 4 (2002): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069824.

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34

Olsen, Christopher J., and William C. Davis. "The Union That Shaped the Confederacy: Robert Toombs and Alexander H. Stephens." Journal of American History 89, no. 1 (2002): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700831.

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35

Thorn, Vanessa C. "Phytolith evidence for C4-dominated grassland since the early Holocene at Long Pocket, northeast Queensland, Australia." Quaternary Research 61, no. 2 (2004): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.12.002.

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Preliminary phytolith analysis of ephemeral lake fill sediment at Long Pocket, near Toomba, northeast Queensland, Australia, indicates that a C4-dominated grassland with a minor woody component has been present in the region since ca. 8000 cal yr B.P. Based on the modern distribution of C4 and C3 native grasses in Australia, this suggests that mean summer temperatures of at least 14°C (ca. 10°C cooler than present) were maintained since the early Holocene. This interpretation is comparable with previous studies, which together imply that the establishment of C4-dominated grasses in central and

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36

Khan, Zargham Ullah, Ujala Siddiq, and Jaffar Mehmood Butt. "Policies and Strategies for Reducing Health Disparities: A Study of Toombs County Georgia." Global Regional Review V, no. I (2020): 586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).61.

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The county Toombs is located in the state of Georgia in the U.S. In the census of the year 2010, the recorded population was 26,067 people. The household number was 9,877, and the number of families counted was 6825. The density of population was recorded 71 persons per square mile. 11,371 houses were found per 31 square miles. This study is done to find out the disparities in the state. The analysis of the data is done in the SPSS. The studied disease is AIDS, Cancer and Diabetes as they were the most emerging diseases among the population. The outburst of the epidemic was also counted and ca

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37

Walther, Eric H. "The Union that Shaped the Confederacy: Robert Toombs and Alexander H. Stephens (review)." Civil War History 50, no. 2 (2004): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2004.0048.

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38

Comerford, Eithne. "External Fixation in Small Animal Practice. By Kraus, K.H., Toombs, J.P., Ness, M.G." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 5, no. 6 (2003): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2003.09.002.

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39

Nunez, D. A., C. G. C. Sutherland, and R. K. Sood. "Breast metastasis from a pharyngeal carcinoma." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 2 (1989): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100108540.

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AbstractThe reported incidence of metastatic disease in head and neck cancer is increasing. The most common site of metastatic involvement in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck is the lung followed by liver, mediastinal nodes and bone. The breast is rarely infiltrated by metastatic disease, 2 per cent or less of clinically detected breast lumps being of nonmammary origin, most frequently malignant melanoma, lymphoma/leukaemia and primary lung carcinoma.A 73-year-old female presented with a primary posterior pharyngeal wall squamous carcinoma and bilateral enlarged neck nodes. She develope

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40

de Vries, Pieter. "Ezekiel: Current Debates and Future Directions, by William A. Tooman and Penelope Barter, eds." Journal of Reformed Theology 15, no. 1-2 (2021): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697312-01501003.

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41

Maitzen, Stephen. "Closing the 'Is'-'Ought' Gap." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 28, no. 3 (1998): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1998.10715977.

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In a dense and fascinating article of some ten years ago, Toomas Karmo adds his voice to the chorus of philosophers who deny the possibility of soundly deriving ‘ought’ from ‘is.’ According to Karmo, no derivation containing an ethical conclusion and only non-ethical premises can possibly be sound, where ‘sound’ describes a deductively valid derivation all of whose premises are true. He also suggests that the only valid derivations of ‘ought’ from ‘is’ will be trivial ones. His argument has, to my knowledge, gone unrebutted; on the contrary, it has won recent endorsements, some philosophers ev

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42

Svenaeus, Fredrik. "A Defense of the Phenomenological Account of Health and Illness." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 44, no. 4 (2019): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhz013.

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Abstract A large slice of contemporary phenomenology of medicine has been devoted to developing an account of health and illness that proceeds from the first-person perspective when attempting to understand the ill person in contrast and connection to the third-person perspective on his/her diseased body. A proof that this phenomenological account of health and illness, represented by philosophers, such as Drew Leder, Kay Toombs, Havi Carel, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Kevin Aho, and Fredrik Svenaeus, is becoming increasingly influential in philosophy of medicine and medical ethics is the criticism of

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43

Tokyay, Nuray Denli. "Reply to the discussion by H. Chanson and L. Toombes on "Characteristics of free overfall for supercritical flows"." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 8 (2007): 1027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-103.

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44

Caunce, Ann-Marie, and Bev Coleman. "Improving Children's Communication: Managing Persistent Communication Difficulties- By Poppy Nash, Jackie Stengelhofen, Jane Brown and Louise Toombs." Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 9, no. 2 (2009): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2009.1126_5.x.

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45

Cantrell, Gregg. "Reviews of Books:The Union that Shaped the Confederacy: Robert Toombs and Alexander H. Stephens William C. Davis." American Historical Review 107, no. 1 (2002): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/532150.

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46

Ågren, Maria. "Royal Police Ordinances in Early Modern Sweden: The Emergence of Voluntaristic Understanding of Law, by Toomas Kotkas." English Historical Review 130, no. 547 (2015): 1544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cev315.

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47

Bomar, Charles. "The Orthoptera of Michigan: Biology Keys and Descriptions of Grasshoppers, Katydids and Crickets." Journal of Orthoptera Research 13, no. 1 (2004): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1665/1082-6467(2004)013[0167:toombk]2.0.co;2.

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48

Bomar, Charles R., and Roger Bland. "The Orthoptera of Michigan: Biology Keys and Descriptions of Grasshoppers, Katydids, and Crickets." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99, no. 6 (2006): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[1257:toombk]2.0.co;2.

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49

Włodarska, Agata. "Russian-Estonian Relations After 2007: Current Status and Development Prospects." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 13, no. 1 (2011): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10223-011-0005-1.

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The article highlights the major points that have influenced relations between Russia and Estonia after 2007. These relations were rather poor during the post- Soviet period. The number of Russian people who lived in Estonia after gaining independence in 1991 exceeded 30%, which resulted in the very keen interest of Russia In Estonian politics. April 2007 created a new reality for relations between the countries. The decision to move the statues of Second World War Soviet soldiers from main squares to cemeteries provoked negative reactions from Russians living in Estonia, but also infuriated l

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50

Langston, D. B., and D. R. Sumner. "First Report of Downy Mildew (Caused by Peronospora destructor) of Onion in Georgia." Plant Disease 84, no. 4 (2000): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.489b.

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In February 1999, localized areas in a commercial field of Vidalia sweet onions in Toombs County, GA, exhibited symptoms that included elongated pale to light tan lesions on older leaves as well as some totally collapsed leaves. A dark, sooty to purple-gray fungal growth also was observed on affected leaves. Both symptoms and signs were observed during a period of wet, cool weather. Microscopic observation of affected tissues revealed nonseptate mycelia and dichotomously branched sporangiophores, which tapered to short sterigmata, giving rise to pyriform to fusiform sporangia. Based on these o

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