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Journal articles on the topic 'Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Rui Liang, Tie Wang, and Hong Mei Li. "Tooth Contact Analysis of the Double Circular Arc Tooth Spiral Bevel Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 3711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.3711.

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Tooth contact analysis is an effective tool for meshing analysis of the double circular arc profile spiral bevel gear (DCAPSBG), as well as the basis for loading tooth contact analysis and finite element analysis. Applying the principle of tooth contact analysis (TCA) and the tooth profile characteristic of the DCAPSBG, this paper introduced and discussed the key contents and method of TCA computer programming for numerical simulation analysis of the transmission meshing quality of DCAPSBG. The TCA program developed in this paper, which had been verified by real examples, provided an effective approach for the design of DCAPSBG.
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2

Wei, Wei, and Lian Hong Zhang. "An Improved Algorithm for Tooth Contact Analysis for Hypoid Gear Based on Axial Section Programming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1392.

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An improved algorithm of tooth contact analysis (TCA) is proposed to overcome the deficiency of the current TCA algorithm for hypoid gear. The key improvement of the proposed algorithm is to introduce proportional coefficients of tooth length and tooth height in TCA. The solution domain of the nonlinear equations in TCA is limited in the range of tooth surface by variable substitution. By analyzing the positions which boundary points possibly appear on axial section, the values of proportional coefficients corresponding to the positions are obtained. Boundary points of the contact trace are computed with particle swarm algorithm and conjugate gradient method, and distributed points on the contact trace are solved according to information of boundary points. With the improved algorithm the boundary points of the contact trace can be figured out accurately and there is no need to set initial values for tooth contact analysis.
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3

Xiao, Miao Xin, and Hua Ru Yan. "The TCA of Hypoid Gears Based on MATLAB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.213.

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The present situation of the tooth contact analysis (TCA) and the application of MATLAB to the tooth contact analysis (TCA) is introduced briefly in this paper. The tooth surface equation of the big gear and pinion is established by powerful mathematical calculation and graphic display of MATLAB, at the same time transmission error and contact path is obtained. The calculation process is simplified and the operation precision of TCA is improved than before.
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4

Zhang, Rui Liang, Tie Wang, and Zhi Fei Wu. "TCA Principe and Application of the Double Circular Arc Tooth Spiral Bevel Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3559.

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Tooth contact analysis (TCA) is an effective tool for meshing analysis of the double circular arc profile spiral bevel gear (DCAPSBG), and it is the basis of loading tooth contact analysis and finite element analysis. The TCA application is developed by Visual Basic and MATLAB mixed programming method, this paper compared the results of the TCA application analysis with the results of contact area check experiment on one pair of gears with given parameters. The TCA application had been verified by real experiment, this provided an effective approach for the design of DCAPSBG.
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5

Jiao, Ji Song, and Xue Mei Cao. "Generation and TCA of Straight Bevel Gear Drive with Modified Geometry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.403.

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In order to reduce the sensitivity of straight bevel gear drives to misalignment, a new geometry of such gear drives is proposed in longitudinal direction. Point contact instead of line contact of tooth surfaces is achieved by longitudinal crowning of pinion tooth surface. The tooth surface modeling and tooth contact analysis (TCA) of straight bevel gear drives have been established. TCA program of a pair of straight bevel gears was performed in MATLAB and tooth bearing contact and transmission errors were obtained.
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6

Chen, C.-K., and C.-Y. Wang. "Compensating analysis of a double circular-arc helical gear by computerized simulation of meshing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406011524126.

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A mathematical model of a stepped double circular-arc helical tooth profile with two centre offsets is developed. The conditions of gear meshing that reflect manufacturing and assembly errors are simulated. The locations of bearing contact and the contact path pattern of mating tooth surfaces are determined by tooth contact analysis (TCA). By applying the proposed mathematical model and TCA, single error impact can be determined. To compensate for offset and angular misalignment, the authors propose an adjustable bearing whereby transmission errors can be minimized. The investigation is illustrated with several numerical examples.
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7

Sharif, K. J., S. Kong, H. P. Evans, and R. W. Snidle. "Contact and elastohydrodynamic analysis of worm gears Part 2: Results." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 831–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406011524180.

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The paper presents the results of modelling the contact and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) effects between the teeth of worm gears. A number of different practical worm gear designs have been studied covering a wide range of sizes and potential applications, from small instrument drives to high power units. All the designs are of the popular ZI type, in which the worm is an involute helicoid, with deliberate mismatch of tooth conformity in order to avoid damaging edge contact. The results cover loaded tooth contact analysis (‘loaded TCA’) under dry conditions, predicted film-generating behaviour with lubrication, surface and oil film temperatures, and calculated values of friction and transmission efficiency. It is demonstrated that regions of poor film formation may be predicted in a qualitative way on the basis of loaded TCA together with consideration of the kinematics of entrainment at the contacts.
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8

Zhang, Y., and Z. Wu. "Offset Face Gear Drives: Tooth Geometry and Contact Analysis." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828772.

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This paper presents a detailed investigation on the manufacturing, tooth geometry and contact characteristics of face gear drives with offset axes. In the paper, the tooth geometry of offset face gears is analytically determined by simulating the conjugate motion between the gear and the cutting tool in the generation process. Design criteria are established for the optimal tooth element proportions of offset face gears that avoid tooth undercutting and pointing. The tooth surface geometry of the gear member of the drive is modified by using a shaper that resembles the pinion in profile but has a few more teeth than the pinion to localize the tooth contact. The contact characteristics of the offset face gears are analyzed by a tooth contact analysis (TCA) program that simulates the meshing process of the gear drive assembled under misalignment. An example of offset face gear design and contact analysis is included in the paper.
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9

Xu, Kai, Geng Liu, Xiao Zhong Deng, Jian Jun Yang, and Jian Xin Su. "A Simplified Approach Based Phase Angle for Tooth Contact Analysis of Planetary Gear Trains." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.709.

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Planetary gear trains have many advantages in applications. In these advantages, quiet noise and slight vibration may be contribute to low Transmission Error (TE), which can be calculated by Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA). However, to obtain numerical solution of the meshing equations based on TCA for planetary gear trains is very difficult because of a large number of nonlinear equations and unknowns. A simplified method utilizing planet phase angle is investigated and the numerical solution of planetary gear trains TE by TCA can be realized in this paper.
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10

Guo, Hui, Ning Zhao, and Hao Gao. "Tooth Contact Analysis of Face Gear Drive Modified by a Grinding Worm." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1154.

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This paper proposes a modification method for tooth surface of face gear drive with a grinding worm on a numerical grinding machine. The surface equation of grinding worm is derived, and the coordinate System of generating the worm is established. Tooth contact analysis (TCA) is performed to investigate the performance of face gear drive before and after modification, and the alignment error is considered. This method can obtain a more stable bearing contact in contrast to the method by increasing tooth number of shaper. The longitudinal bearing contact on the face-gear tooth surface has been obtained which will increase the contact ratio. By modification the edge contact at surface edges of the gears can be avoided and the modification magnitude can be controlled freely.
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11

Wang, Jin Hua, Yun Bo Shen, Ze Yong Yin, Jie Gao, and Yan Ying Jiang. "Effect of Tooth Surface Modification on the Load Sharing and Strength of Offset Face Gear Drive with Spur Involute Pinion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.327.

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Load sharing is one of the main factors that determine gear strength. In this paper, Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) and Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis (LTCA) have been performed to investigate the effect of tooth surface modification on the contact ratio, load sharing and strength of an orthogonal offset face gear drive with spur involute pinion. The results indicate that the contact ratio of 2.0 or higher could be achieved. The maximum load carried by single tooth and bending stress are significantly reduced when appropriate tooth surface modification is applied to the orthogonal offset face gear drive.
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12

Zhang, Y., and Z. Fang. "Analysis of Transmission Errors Under Load of Helical Gears With Modified Tooth Surfaces." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828773.

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This paper presents a model for the analysis of transmission errors of helical gears under load. The model accommodates the modification of tooth surfaces, gear misalignments and the deformation of tooth surfaces caused by contact load. In this model, the gear contact load is assumed to be nonlinearly distributed along the direction of the relative principal curvature between the two contacting tooth surfaces. As compared with conventional tooth contact analysis (TCA) that assumes gear surfaces as rigid bodies, the model presented in this paper provides more realistic simulation results on the gear transmission errors and other gear meshing characteristics when the tooth surfaces are deformed under load. The proposed model is applied to a pair of helical gears in the numerical example included in the paper.
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13

Li, J.-L., and S.-T. Chiou. "Surface design and tooth contact analysis of an innovative modified spur gear with crowned teeth." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x8397.

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An innovative modified spur gear with crowned teeth and its generating mechanism are proposed in this study. The main purpose of tooth surface modification is to change line contact to point contact at the middle of gear tooth surfaces in order to avoid edge contact resulting from possible unavoidable axial misalignment. Moreover, the surface of one gear tooth can be generated with just one cutting process, thereby facilitating easy manufacturing. Based on gearing theory, the model for surface design is developed. A tooth contact analysis (TCA) model for the modified gear pair is also built to investigate meshing characteristics, so that transmission errors (TEs) under assembly errors can also be studied. Examples are included to verify the correctness of the models developed and to demonstrate gear characteristics.
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14

Sobolak, Mariusz, and Grzegorz Budzik. "Experimental method of tooth contact analysis (TCA) with rapid prototyping (RP) use." Rapid Prototyping Journal 14, no. 4 (August 2008): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540810896148.

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15

Litvin, F. L., A. G. Wang, and R. F. Handschuh. "Computerized Design and Analysis of Face-Milled, Uniform Tooth Height Spiral Bevel Gear Drives." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826931.

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Face-milled spiral bevel gears with uniform tooth height are considered. An approach is proposed for the design of low-noise and localized bearing contact of such gears. The approach is based on the mismatch of contacting surfaces and permits two types of bearing contact either directed longitudinally or across the surface to be obtained. Conditions to avoid undercutting were determined. A Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) was developed. This analysis was used to determine the influence of misalignment on meshing and contact of the spiral bevel gears. A numerical example that illustrates the developed theory is provided.
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16

Guo, Fang, and Zongde Fang. "The statistical analysis of the dynamic performance of a gear system considering random manufacturing errors under different levels of machining precision." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 234, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419319862165.

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Gear manufacturing error is one of the main sources of vibration and noise in gears; its influence on the dynamic transmission behaviour of gear systems is a research hotspot. In the current study on the effect of the manufacturing errors, the processing methods of the errors are mostly rough or hypothetical, so the analysis results cannot provide high reference value. This paper proposes a distinctive method to analyse the vibration response of helical gears in the presence of random manufacturing errors and modifications. The presented study performs tooth contact analysis (TCA) with the real tooth surface containing the random tooth profile error and the modification and performs loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) based on the superposition of the random pitch error and the initial gap between mating teeth obtained by TCA. Furthermore, the dynamic excitations, including time-varying mesh stiffness and meshing impact, are computed using the above-mentioned TCA and LTCA. The processing method for the manufacturing errors in this paper is reasonable and close to the actual situation of gear engagement. Using this proposed method, statistical analysis was carried out under machining accuracy grades 5, 6 and 7 to show the effect of the different distributions of random manufacturing errors on the gear vibration. The analysis results are of practical significance and provide references for the design and vibration control of gear drive systems.
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17

Bodzás, Sándor. "Analysis of the Effect of the Addendum Modification Coefficient for Contact Surfaces of Spur Gear." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2019-0001.

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AbstractThe spur gear is widely used in many types of machines and appliances that is why the research of the connection analysis of them (Tooth Contact Analysis, TCA) is very important because of the development of these gears. The TCA analysis is a complex task because the mathematical description, the CAD modelling process, the overall designing process, the manufacturing process of the gears and the definition of the mechanical parameters have to be known. After the gear designing process the gear pairs have to be analysed by TCA method to determine the typical dimension of the mechanical parameters in case of given load. Knowing of the result we can reason for the appropriate gear geometry of the given construction and working conditions.
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18

Xu, Kai, Xiao Zhong Deng, Jian Jun Yang, and Guan Qiang Dong. "Tooth Contact Analysis of Planetary Gear Trains with Equally Spaced Planets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.279.

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Based on Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA), a feasible approach for Transmission Error (TE) of planetary gear train is proposed in this paper. With a view to getting the total TE curve of the planetary gear train, a specific analysis of the TE from the planetary gear train with only one planet should be proceed firstly, the second step is to calculate each phase difference of planets in the gear train. The applicable conditions for the simplified calculation are spur gear or involute gear pairs in the gear train. Due to equal space between them, planets have the same phase angle.
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19

Liu, Guang Lei, Yue Jun Tian, and Ping Jiang. "Realization of Expected Direction Angle of SGM Spiral Bevel Gears Based on Local Synthesis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.927.

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The authors propose an optimization method based on local synthesis to fulfill the expected contact path (ECP) at mean contact point (M) of spiral bevel gears. The method is a combination of local synthesis, tooth contact analysis (TCA) and application of optimization. Machine-tool settings based on local synthesis are found and contact path (CP) on tooth surface is formed. TCA extracts the information from CP and transforms it to a projected CP (PCP) by rotation in a plane across gear axis. An objective function is established by contrasting ECP to PCP. A program in Matlab language is developed for the simulation of objective function optimization. A spiral bevel gear drive in aviation accessory gear box is used to prove the feasibility of the proposed method. It shows that the method is effective and does not affect transmission errors very much for the realization of ECP.
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20

Li, Qing, Yu Guo, and Tai Yong Wang. "Dynamic Contact Analysis of the Offset Face Gear." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1793.

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The face gear drive is a gear meshing drive with cylindrical gear and bevel gear. Because of its small space, high contact ratio, large transmission torque, low vibration and noise, not sensitive to the axial phase error of the worm and so on, face gear transmission is widely applied. In the traditional gear transmission dynamic contact analysis (TCA), first, simulate the meshing equation; second, calculate the contact trajectory that is formed by the adherent point; last, solve each of the instantaneous contact areas and solve tooth contact region in meshing process. But it can’t solve the tail, diamond and other high contact defects. In the real mesh transmission, tooth meshing is very complex, including edges contact, multi-tooth engagement and many other issues. With the progress of the times, using finite element analysis software ANSYS, it will be able to simulate the dynamic contact analysis of the gear. In this paper, the offset face gear as the research object, with MATLAB program, Solidworks and ANSYS software, establish the mathematical model of the orthogonal offset face gear, simulate its geometric model in the three-dimensional software. Finally, implement the simulation of its dynamic contact meshing in the finite element analysis software.
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21

Jagiełowicz, Patrycja Ewa. "The direct solid method of geometry analysis of the globoidal worm gear with the rotary teeth." Mechanik 91, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.2.33.

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The tooth contact analysis (TCA) in the wheel rotation function of the globoidal worm gear with rotary teeth was presented. To determine the contact in CAD system, the direct solid method of geometry analysis was used. In the gear the globoidal worm gear was used, and the classical worm wheel was replaced by the wheel with rotary teeth in the shape of the frustum of cone.
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22

Litvin, F. L., J. Zhang, and R. F. Handschuh. "Crowned Spur Gears: Methods for Generation and Tooth Contact Analysis—Part 2: Generation of the Pinion Tooth Surface by a Surface of Revolution." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 110, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267468.

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A method for generation of crowned pinion tooth surfaces using a surface of revolution is developed. The crowned pinion meshes with a regular involute gear and has a prescribed parabolic type of transmission errors when the gears operate in the aligned mode. When the gears are misaligned the transmission error remains parabolic with the maximum level still remaining very small (less than 0.34 arc second for the numerical examples). Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) is used to simulate the conditions of meshing, determine the transmission error, and the bearing contact.
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23

Jiang, Ping, Guang Lei Liu, Rui Ting Zhang, and Chong Qing Wang. "Quantitative Evaluation of Aero Spiral Bevel Gear Meshing Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.428.

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In order to precisely control the meshing performance of spiral bevel gear pair, this paper represents a quantitative evaluation method using transmission error curve and tooth face contact trace. The design, using local synthesis method, obtains the manufacturing parameters of gear pair and forms the tooth face of spiral bevel gear. This paper accomplishes the quantitative evaluation by the following methods: using tooth contact analysis (TCA) to obtain actual transmission error curve and tooth face contact trace; quantitatively evaluating the transmission error curve by comparing the web values of actual and preset theoretical transmission error curves; quantitatively evaluating the tooth face contact trace by comparing the requirements (such as in shape, size and position) defined for spiral bevel gear tooth face contact trace and the corresponding parameters of an externally-connected rectangle, which surrounds the tooth face contact trace and is used to describe tooth face contact trace. This paper conducts a meshing performance analysis and quantitative evaluation of an aero spiral bevel gear pair. The result shows that, the actual and preset theoretical transmission error curves are basically in coincidence and the tooth face contact trace meets the requirements. This quantitative evaluation method lays a foundation for analyzing the relationship between transmission error curve and tooth face contact trace and for analyzing the installation error sensitivity.
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24

Shen, Yun Bo, Jie Gao, and Wen Qiang Ding. "Computer Simulation Analysis of Bending Stress for Face Gear with a New Type Fillet Tooth Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.411.

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Bending stress is a principal factor that defines the fatigue life of face gear. A new tooth surface structure with circular arc of fillet surface for the face gear has been developed. A method of processing or cutting of fillet surfaces of helical face gear by application of a shaper with tooth rounded top has also been represented. The bending stress of the tooth of face gear with new surface structure has been performed by computer simulation. Two versions of finite element model of tooth surfaces of face gear are generated by application of numerical technology. One version is based on the cutting shaper with tooth top shaper corner and another version is with addendum rounded top. Tooth contact analysis (TCA) and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) for the two versions of face gear drives with helical spur gear are also considered. The results of simulation show that the bending stress of tooth surface of the face gear with fillet surface generated by the rounded top of the shaper is 12% lower than the first version’s.
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25

Chen, Yang Zhi, En Yi He, and Shun Ke Liang. "Transmission Error Analysis of Space-Curve Meshing-Wheel with Angular Misalignment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.621.

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In this study, equations of space-curve meshing-wheel (SCMW) surfaces are obtained. Based on the tooth contact analysis (TCA), mathematical model of SCMW is established under the condition of angular misalignment. Numerical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the angular alignment error has an impact on transmission error inevitably. Investigation provides a theoretical reference for adjusting the assembly angle of SCMW.
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26

Bodzás, Sándor. "The influence of the shaft angle value on the normal stress and displacement repartition by bevel gear pairs − a TCA investigation." Mechanics & Industry 21, no. 6 (2020): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020098.

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Five types of bevel gear pairs having straight teeth were designed to analyze the effect of the modification of the shaft angle. This angle is the parameter − subject of TCA. After the geometric design process and the creation and assembly of the CAD models, Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) was performed in order to get the mechanical parameters focusing of the tooth roots of the connecting teeth. We repeated this process five times since the load torques were also changed. The received mechanical parameters on the teeth connection of the pinion and the driven gear were analyzed with taking in consideration all four-tooth root surfaces that limit the contacting teeth pair. Finally, we referred to the useful selection of the appropriate gear pair for the engineering application.
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27

Bair, B. W., and C. B. Tsay. "ZK-Type Dual-Lead Worm and Worm Gear Drives: Contact Teeth, Contact Ratios and Kinematic Errors." Journal of Mechanical Design 120, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829169.

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Contact ratio is an important gear design parameter for gear bending and contact stresses. A higher contact ratio may reduce the stresses and kinematic errors of the gear set. In this study, we calculate the kinematic error of the ZK-type dual-lead worm gear set by applying the tooth contact analysis (TCA) method. Two kinds of contact ratios, the instantaneous contact teeth (ICT) and the average contact ratio (ACR), are investigated and calculated by applying TCA method. ICT is an important design parameter for a dual-lead worm gear set when the gear set is used in a machine subjected to large impact forces. ACR is also a useful design factor for assessing gear tooth strength and dynamic load. If gear surface elastic deformation 3μm is allowed for the worm gear set, the ICT may have 2, 3 or 4 teeth and the ACR reveals that the ZK-type dual-lead worm gear drive is a high-contact-ratio gear set. It is found that this type of worm gear set with a shorter center distance assembly can increase the value of ACR during the gear meshing. Illustrative examples presented herein demonstrate the effects of gear parameters on contact teeth, contact ratios, average contact ratios and kinematic errors under various conditions.
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28

Chang, Shinn-Liang, Chung-Biau Tsay, and Ching-Huan Tseng. "Kinematic Optimization of a Modified Helical Gear Train." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826252.

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A mathematical model of a modified helical gear train (MHGT), manufactured with a practical hobbing machine using a curved-template guide, and which takes considerations of center-distance variation and axial misalignment into account, is developed. Tooth contact analysis (TCA) and kinematic errors of a MHGT due to mis-assembly are investigated. A multiple optimization method is applied to reduce the level of MHGT kinematic errors, and to investigate optimal gear tooth modifications. Computer simulation programs for TCA and optimization are also developed. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the kinematic optimization of the proposed helical gear train. The results of this study are most helpful in designing and analyzing a MHGT.
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29

Liu, Guang Lei, Hong Wei Fan, and Ping Jiang. "Manufacture Parameter Design of SMG Spiral Bevel Gears Based on Local Synthesis and Transmission Error Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2319.

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An optimization approach for manufacture parameter design of the SGM spiral bevel gears with modified tooth geometry is proposed. The approach is accomplished by application of local synthesis, tooth contact analysis (TCA) and dual-objective optimization of transmission error function. A computer program to obtain a set of manufacture parameters based on the proposed theory is developed and illustrated with an example. The proposed method provides a set of machine-tool settings for pinion NC-grinding which ensures: (i) a localized bearing contact pattern less sensitive to misalignments, (ii) a parabolic transmission error function to reduce vibration and noise in mesh.
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30

Fong, Z. H., and Chung-Biau Tsay. "A Mathematical Model for the Tooth Geometry of Circular-Cut Spiral Bevel Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 113, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912766.

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A complete tooth geometry of the circular-cut spiral bevel gears has been mathematically modeled. The mathematical model has been divided into several independent modules, each representing an individual kinematic relation or tool-setting, with examples included. A comparison with the spiraloid model has also been made in this paper. The mathematical model can be applied to simulate and calculate the tooth profiles for the Duplex Method, Helical Duplex Method, Formate Method, and Modified Roll Method for circular-cut spiral bevel gears. It can also be applied to the computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining, computer-aided finite element stress analysis, and tooth contact analysis (TCA) for the spiral bevel gear.
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31

Fan, Qi. "Computerized Modeling and Simulation of Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears Manufactured by Gleason Face Hobbing Process." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 6 (December 24, 2005): 1315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2337316.

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The Gleason face hobbing process has been widely applied by the gear industry. But so far, few papers have been found regarding exact modeling and simulation of the tooth surface generations and tooth contact analysis (TCA) of face hobbed spiral bevel and hypoid gear sets. This paper presents the generalized theory of the face hobbing generation method, mathematic models of tooth surface generations, and the simulation of meshing of face hobbed spiral bevel and hypoid gears. The face hobbing indexing motion is described and visualized. A generalized description of the cutting blades is introduced by considering four sections of the blade edge geometry. A kinematical model is developed and analyzed by breaking down the machine tool settings and the relative motions of the machine elemental units and applying coordinate transformations of the elemental motions. The developed face hobbing generation model is directly related to a physical bevel gear generator. A generalized and enhanced TCA algorithm is proposed. The face hobbing process has two categories, non-generated (Formate®) and generated methods, applied to the tooth surface generation of the gear. In both categories, the pinion is always finished with the generated method. The developed tooth surface generation model covers both categories with left-hand and right-hand members. Based upon the developed theory, an advanced tooth surface generation and TCA program is developed and integrated into Gleason CAGE™for Windows Software. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the implementation of the developed mathematic models.
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32

Sándor, Dr Bodzás. "Designing and Analysis of the TCA Parameters of a Bevel Gear Having Circular Tooth Direction in the Function of the Moment." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 6, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.1234.2019.

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The aim of this publication is the designing and the CAD modelling of the Gleason – type bevel gear pair and the analysis of the connecting teeth in case of different load moments. The main properties of this gear pair are the changing whole depth along the face width and the circular tooth direction which is created by a complicated cutting tool. Cutting edges are situated along the perimeter of the middle circle by equal circular pitches on the cutting tool. After the creation of the CAD model, which could be created by numerical way, TCA could be done in the function of the moment changing. The normal stress, normal elastic strain and normal deformation will be analyzed on the surface of the driven gear perpendicularly for the tooth surface. Knowing of the results correlations will be visualized based on the TCA results and the load moments. The behavior of the contact teeth will be analyzed.
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33

Chen, Yi-Cheng, Zhi-Wei Li, Chien-Cheng Lo, and Zhi-Gen Wang. "A STUDY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF MESHING CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPLEMENTARY CURVILINEAR GEAR SET GENERATED BY COMPLEMENTARY RACK CUTTERS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 2 (June 2017): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1019.

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This article focuses on improving the meshing characteristics of a complementary curvilinear gear set generated by complementary rack cutters. Firstly, the mathematical model of a complementary curvilinear gear set was developed based on the theory of gearing. Tooth contact analysis (TCA) was conducted to explore the influences of assembly errors on the transmission error (TE) and contact pattern. A stable point contact was successfully introduced to replace the original line contact in the improved complementary curvilinear gear set, resulting in less sensitivity to assembly errors. Finally, finite element analysis (FEA) was also utilized to calculate contact stress of the original and improved complementary curvilinear gear set.
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34

Wang, Xing, Zong De Fang, and Sheng Jin Li. "The Influence Caused by each Assembly Misalignment on the HGT Hypoid Gear's Meshing Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.122.

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The assembly misalignment is the key factor that influences the meshing performance of gear, the meshing performance worked on no-load or light load conditions is more completely expressed by contact pattern and transmission error. According to the contact pattern and transmission error, the influence of assembly misalignment to the meshing performance of hypoid gear is studied, this method break the limitations relying on experience to adjust the installation. Based on the machining principle and method of Gleason hypoid gears which machined by the HGT method, the mathematical model of machining was established, and the theoretical tooth surface equations were derived, on this basis, the hypoid gear as an example, the tooth contact analysis (TCA) was carried out considering assembly misalignment, the conclusion was drew that the influence to the position of tooth surface contact area and the magnitude of transmission errors are different when the Assembly misalignment affecting alone. This can offer certain reference for the installation and adjustment of hypoid gear pair in engineering practice.
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35

Sivayogan, Gajarajan, Ramin Rahmani, and Homer Rahnejat. "Lubricated Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis and Non-Newtonian Thermoelastohydrodynamics of High-Performance Spur Gear Transmission Systems." Lubricants 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8020020.

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Energy efficiency and functional reliability are the two key requirements in the design of high-performance transmissions. Therefore, a representative analysis replicating real operating conditions is essential. This paper presents the thermoelastohydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) of meshing spur gear teeth of high-performance racing transmission systems, where high generated contact pressures and lubricant shear lead to non-Newtonian traction. The determination of the input contact geometry of meshing pairs as well as contact kinematics are essential steps for representative TEHL. These are incorporated in the current analysis through the use of Lubricated Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis (LLTCA), which is far more realistic than the traditional Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA). In addition, the effects of lubricant and flash surface temperature rise of contacting pairs, leading to the thermal thinning of lubricant, are taken into account using a thermal network model. Furthermore, high-speed contact kinematics lead to shear thinning of the lubricant and reduce the film thickness under non-Newtonian traction. This comprehensive approach based on established TEHL analysis, particularly including the effect of LLTCA on the TEHL of spur gears, has not hitherto been reported in literature.
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36

Liu, Lei, and Jinzhao Zhang. "Meshing characteristics of a sphere–face gear pair with variable shaft angle." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 6 (June 2019): 168781401985951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019859510.

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This article presents a sphere–face gear pair by substituting the convex spherical gear for the pinion of a conventional face gear pair. The sphere–face gear pair not only maintains the advantages of the face gear pair with a longitudinally modified pinion but also allows variable shaft angles or large axial misalignments. Meshing characteristics of the proposed gear pair are studied in this article. The mathematical models of the sphere–face gear pair are derived based on machining principles. The tooth contact analysis (TCA) and curvature interference check are conducted for the sphere–face gear pair with variable shaft angles. The loaded TCA is also implemented utilizing the finite element method. The results of numerical examples show that proposed gear pair has the following features. Geometrical transmission error of constant shaft angle or varying shaft angle is zero; contact points of the sphere–face gear set with variable shaft angle are located near the centre region of face gear tooth surface; there is no curvature interference in meshing; and transmission continuity of the gear pair can be guaranteed in meshing.
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37

Bodzás, Sándor. "Analysis of effect of the load force for a bevel gear tooth having straight direction." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2019.1.1-10.

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Knowing of the geometric designing process of a straight bevel gear we have worked out a computer aided software with which this designing process could be eased. We have designed some bevel gear pairs having concrete geometry in the function of the modification of the number of teeth of the pinion and created the CAD (Computer Aided Designing) models of these gear pairs. After that the TCA (Tooth Contact Analysis) analysis could be followed. The load force have been situated on the top of the tooth edge on the tip circle. The established normal stress, normal elastic strain and normal deformation could be analyzed. Based on the results we can create the necessary diagrams and define the conclusions.
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38

Dong, Hao, Yan Cao, and Zhou Fang. "Dynamic Vibration Characteristic Analysis for the Power-Split Transmission System Based on Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/871894.

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In order to solve the dynamic vibration characteristics of the power-split transmission system, the system of the dynamic mechanical model is established. Firstly, according to the theoretical analysis method of the tooth contact analysis (TCA) and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA), the actual meshing process of each gear pair is simulated, and the time-varying mesh stiffness excitation is obtained, which can improve the numerical precision. Next, by using the lumped mass method, the bending-torsional coupling three-dimensional dynamical model of the power-split transmission is established. The identical dimensionless equations are deduced by eliminating the effect of rigid displacement and the method of dimensional normalization. Next, the frequency domain and time domain responses of this system are obtained. The dynamic load change characteristics of each gear pair are analyzed. The results show that establishment, solution, and analysis of the system dynamics model could provide a basis for the dynamic design and have an important significance for the dynamic efficiency analysis and dynamic performance optimization design of the power-split transmission. Through theoretical data compared with the experimental data, we verified the correctness of the method proposed.
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39

Chen, C.-K., S.-T. Chiou, Z.-H. Fong, C.-K. Lee, and C.-H. Chen. "Mathematical model of curvature analysis for conjugate surfaces with generalized motion in three dimensions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406011520797.

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A general mathematical model is proposed to determine the direct relations between the principal curvatures and directions of two conjugate surfaces in continuous tangency along a line at every instant. Without any assumption regarding the motion of mating surfaces, this model, created on the basis of kinematics, the theory of gearing and differential geometry, is especially suitable for calculating the curvatures of a surface generated on a computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine with surface modifications by non-constant-speed supplemental correcting motions. The model has simplified dramatically the calculation of curvatures by comparison with the differential geometry approach. The principal curvatures of a generated surface and dimensions of contact ellipses can be obtained by the model without the need for complicated equations of the generated surface. For verification of the model, a helical gear set comprising a gear with involuted teeth and a pinion with modified circular arc teeth is investigated. The tooth contact analysis (TCA) technique is also applied to study the shift of bearing contacts and dimensions of contact ellipses under three different kinds of generation setting.
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40

Wang, Cheng, Shouren Wang, and Gaoqi Wang. "Research on Dynamic Model of Double Helical Gear Pair Based on TCA and LTCA." Volume 24, No 3, September 2019 24, no. 3 (September 2019): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2019.24.31302.

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Numerous dynamic models of spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and face gears can be found in various studies. However, studies that focus on the dynamic model of a double helical gear pair are quite limited. The author proposed a model of a double helical gear pair by only considering the axial vibration. The author did not consider the friction and multiple backlashes in the proposed model. The friction force of the tooth surface and backlash are important factors that can cause complex non-linear phenomena in gear pairs. Therefore, a dynamic model of a double helical gear pair that takes into consideration the axial vibration, friction and multiple backlashes is proposed. Firstly, based on the tooth contact analysis (TCA) of a double helical gear pair, the path of contact and meshing time from engagement to disengagement are obtained. The formula for determining the sliding friction coefficient is introduced. Based on TCA and the dynamic meshing force provided by the subsequent dynamics model of double helical gear pair, the sliding friction coefficient of the tooth surface is calculated. Secondly, the stiffness excitation, gear-into impact excitation and error excitation (including the axial displacement caused by the errors of manufacture and installation under low speed) are calculated according to the existing research results. Following this, a dynamic model of a double helical gear pair that takes into consideration the axial vibration, friction and multiple backlashes is both built and solved. Finally, an example is presented to verify the corresponding results.
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41

Bodzás, S. "Computer aided designing and modelling of X-zero gear drive." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 8, no. 1 (June 2017): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2017.8.1.13.

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The aim of the publication is the computer aided designing process of the X-zero gear drive. Determination of the geometric parameters and correlations are necessary for the designing process. A computer program has been carried out for the designing process, using which an arbitrary X-zero gear drive could be analysed and modelled. Using this program a concrete geometric gear drive is designed. The CAD models are designed for later connection, geometric and tooth contact (TCA) analysis.
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42

Guo, Fang, and Zongde Fang. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of Gear Dynamical Transmission Characteristic Considering Measured Manufacturing Errors." Shock and Vibration 2018 (November 4, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9645453.

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In the research of gear transmission, the vibration and noise problem has received many concerns all the times. Scholars use tooth modification technique to improve the meshing state of gearings in order to reduce the vibration and noise. However, few of researchers consider the influence of measured manufacturing errors when they do the study of tooth modification. In order to investigate the efficiency of the tooth modification in the actual project, this paper proposes a dynamic model of a helical gear pair including tooth modification and measured manufacturing errors to do a deterministic analysis on the dynamical transmission performance. In this analysis, based on the measured tooth deviation, a real tooth surface (including modification and measured tooth profile error) is fitted by a bicubic B-spline. With the tooth contact analysis (TCA) and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) on the real tooth surface, the loaded transmission error, tooth surface elastic deformation, and load distribution can be determined. Based on the results, the time-varying mesh stiffness and gear mesh impact are computed. Taking the loaded transmission error, measured cumulative pitch error, eccentricity error, time-varying mesh stiffness, and gear mesh impact as the internal excitations, this paper establishes a 12-degree-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic model of a helical gear pair and uses the Fourier series method to solve it. In two situations of low speed and high speed, the gear system dynamic response is analyzed in the time and frequency domains. In addition, an experiment is performed to validate the simulation results. The study shows that the proposed technique is useful and reliable for predicting the dynamic response of a gear system.
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43

Bodzás, Sándor. "Computer aided designing and modelling of spur gear pairs having normal and modified straight teeth." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 2019): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2019.0019.

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The aim of this publication is to show the process of computer aided designing of the spur gear pairs having normal and modified straight teeth. For designing, the determination of the geometrical parameters is needed. Computer programs have been developed with which gear pairs having normal and modified teeth, with any arbitrary parameters can be analysed, designed and modelled. With these programs gear pairs having concrete geometry have been designed and CAD models have also been drawn to have further meshing, geometrical and TCA (Tooth Contact Analysis).
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44

Peng, Xian Long, Zong De Fang, and Jin Ke Jiang. "Load Tooth Contact Analysis for Double-Crowned Face Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.517.

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In order to further reduce sensitivity to misalignments not only double crowned pinion but also profile and longitudinal geometry modified face gear have been studied. The profile geometry modification were realized by application of rack cutters, and applied parabolic motion of the center of grinding disk for the pinion and face gear longitudinal crowning. Tooth contact analysis (TAC) and Load Tooth contact analysis (LTCA) have been performed to simulate the meshing and contact of double-crowned face gear driver. The further avoidance of edge contact in presence of big magnitude misalignment was illustrated with numerical examples.
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45

Bodzás, Sándor. "Tooth Contact Analysis of Helical Gears Having Modified Straight Teeth by Changing of the Number of Teeth on the Pinion." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 70, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2020-0001.

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AbstractThe helical gears are widely used in different engineering applications especially in case of vehicles on the gear boxes. The aim of this research is the analysis of the effect of number of teeth on the pinion beside of the constancy number of teeth on the driven gear. Five types of helical gears have to be designed for the comparative analysis. Own-designed designing software are necessary for the facilitation of the designing and modelling process. During this research the normal stresses and normal deformations will be analysed into different directions by TCA method. After the analysis the functions of the mechanical properties and the number of teeth will be determined.
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46

Wei, Jing, Ai-Qiang Zhang, Yu-Liang Yang, Dong-Ming Zhou, and Xue-bin Ru. "A study of generating principles and loading capacity for one torus involute gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 19 (August 9, 2016): 3528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215612828.

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Gear geometry is critical to the transmission performance. It not only affects the relative motion characteristics, lubrication, efficiency, and loading capacity but also affects the noise and vibration, as well as working reliability of system. The generating principles of one kind of torus involute (TI) gears is presented in this paper. The mathematical model and profiles equation of torus involute gears are derived and the profiles equation and its parameters are proposed. The correct meshing condition and tooth contact analysis (TCA) are analyzed. The loading capacity including contact stress and bending stress, etc., are proposed after compared with cylindrical spur gears. One pair of TI gears is machined according to the generating principles. The analysis results show that the TI gears can reduce the contact stress efficiently and it can effectively improve the bending strength of convex involute gear while the bending strength of concave TI gears is not significantly affected.
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47

Mu, Yanming, and Zongde Fang. "Design and analysis of high contact ratio spiral bevel gears by modified curvature motion method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 19 (October 30, 2017): 3396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217737803.

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This paper presents a new method to design a seventh-order transmission error for high contact ratio spiral bevel gears by the modified curvature motion method to reach the purpose of reducing or eliminating gear vibration and noise. In this paper, firstly, based on the predesigned seventh-order transmission error, the polynomial coefficients of transmission error curve can be obtained. Secondly, a method named modified curvature motion method is used to generate the spiral bevel gear with the predesigned transmission error. Lastly, based on TCA and LTCA, we verify the feasibility of the modified curvature motion method to generate spiral bevel gear with seventh-order transmission error, and the meshing impact of gear set with the seventh-order and second-order function of transmission error is analyzed and compared. The results of a numerical example show that the seventh-order transmission error acquired by the modified curvature motion method can effectively reduce the meshing impact of spiral bevel gears. The tooth modification method and meshing impact analysis method can serve as a basis for developing a general technique of flank modification for spiral bevel gears.
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48

Pei, Xin, Lu Huang, Wei Pu, and Pengchong Wei. "Dynamical wear prediction along meshing path in mixed lubrication of spiral bevel gears." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 9 (September 2020): 168781402095823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020958236.

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Surfaces of gears under combined rolling and sliding motions may suffer a complicated wear process due to the transient time-varying effect along the meshing path. In this paper, a methodology for predicting the wear of tooth surfaces is developed for the spiral bevel gears. In the wear model, the machined surface roughness, mixed lubrication, friction, flash temperature and the dynamic behavior of gears are all considered. Tooth-Contact-Analysis (TCA) method is used to get the time-varying parameters of meshing points along the meshing path. By simulating real movement process, the material is removed according to the Arrhenius equation. First, the distribution of pressure and film thickness is obtained by solving the mixed EHL model. After that, the flash temperature can be computed by the point heat source integration method with the obtained pressure, film thickness and velocity vector. The material removal is based on surface temperature and sliding distance. The numerical results are compared to the ball-on-disk experiments to demonstrate the reasonableness of the present wear model. And it shows that the angle difference between velocity vectors has strong influences on the wear profile. Furthermore, the mechanism of surface wear evolution is investigated systematically in spiral bevel gears. The difference of the wear track between the pinion and gear surfaces is observed. Besides, in the meshing process of tooth surface, the wear along the meshing path is uneven, which appears to be much greater at the engaging-in and engaging-out areas. There is a position with maximum wear rate in the meshing process, and the position is affected by the load and speed.
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49

Wei, Wei. "An Improved Method of Solving Contact Trajectory Boundary for Spiral Bevel Gear." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 1971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1971.

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A method of solving contact trajectory boundary is developed for spiral bevel gear. Tooth surfaces of pinion and gear are projected to axial cross section based on rotation transformation, vector operation is used to distinguish whether contact point belongs to tooth surface or not. Distances between contact point and every boundary of tooth surface are calculated, if the minimum distance is less than preset value, this contact point is considered to be contact trajectory boundary. Starting from initial point of TCA, contact point approaches contact trajectory boundary by adaptive step size, when currently step size is greater than preset step size, the value of the last contact point is used as initial value for new contact point, otherwise initial value is calculated by particle swarm optimization with penalty function, this method can improve the solving speed greatly while keeping stable. Finally, the validity and practicability of this method are proved by a numerical example.
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50

Sugimoto, M., N. Maruyama, A. Nakayama, and N. Hitomi. "Effect of Tooth Contact and Gear Dimensions on Transmission Errors of Loaded Hypoid Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 113, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912767.

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The effect of the tooth contact and alignment error of the hypoid gear assembly on transmission error was investigated with a new measuring apparatus which can measure the transmission errors of loaded hypoid gears assembled into a final drive unit. Measurements indicate that transmission error predictions made with the TCA and LTCA — analytical tools developed by Gleason Works for a no-load and loaded state, respectively — have sufficient accuracy when actual data on the gear tooth surface and alignment error of the gear assembly are used in the calculations. A systematic examination has also been made of the effects of tooth contact and gear assembly alignment error on transmission error on the basis of the LTCA calculations. It was found that the transmission errors relative to the applied load varied not only according to the tooth contact but also the no-load transmission error of the gears. This relationship was also examined by taking into account the effects of the gear dimensions. It was confirmed through calculation and experiment that a small module design was effective in reducing transmission error.
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