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Journal articles on the topic 'Tooth roots'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Wang, X. P. "Tooth Eruption without Roots." Journal of Dental Research 92, no. 3 (January 23, 2013): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512474469.

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2

Eisner, Edward R. "Transcoronal Approach for Endodontic access to the Fourth Maxillary Premolar in Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 7, no. 4 (December 1990): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649000700402.

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Endodontic procedures are frequently recommended for crown fractures of the fourth maxillary premolar. The success of conventional endodontics in this multirooted tooth depends entirely on adequate access to the roots of this tooth. Direct access to all three roots of the canine fourth maxillary premolar is desirable. However, it is difficult to access the root canal system without removing significant tooth structure. The distal root is less difficult to access than the mesiobuccal or mesiopalatal root. A transcoronal technique used to approach the mesiopalatal root is described and illustrated.
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3

Verstraete, Frank J. M., and Cheryl H. Terpak. "Anatomical Variations in the Dentition of the Domestic Cat." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 14, no. 4 (December 1997): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649701400403.

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Skulls (n = 155) of adult domestic cats were examined macroscopically and anatomical variations were documented. The maxillary second premolar tooth was absent in 7.9% of cases, and was found to have a single root in 27.7%, partly fused roots in 55.1% and two fully formed roots in 9.2% of cases. The maxillary first molar tooth was absent in 2.3% of cases; a single root was present in 35.0%, a partly fused root in 34.7%, and two roots in 28.0% of cases. Supernumerary roots were found on the maxillary third premolar teeth in 10.3% of cases. Other variations were found to be extremely rare.
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4

Woodward, Tony M. "Extraction of Fractured Tooth Roots." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 23, no. 2 (June 2006): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875640602300215.

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5

Stošić, Nenad, Stefan Dačić, Marina Ranđelović, Andrijana Jovančić, Ivana Đorđević, Maja Cvetković, Dušan Ilić, Aleksandra Petrović, and Dragica Dačić Simonović. "Morphometric Analysis of the Upper Premolars." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afmnai-2016-0003.

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Summary Morphological and anatomical characteristics of the tooth are of great importance for clinical dentistry. These aspects of the tooth can be better conceptualized from the perspective of external and internal morphology of dental crowns and roots. The aim of this study was to determine the average total length of the upper first and second premolars, the average length of crowns, the average length of roots and to determine the most common number of the roots and root canals of these teeth. We used 41 first and 48 second extracted upper premolars.The length of these teeth was measured by a digital micrometer. The number of roots was determined visually, and each tooth was longitudinally dissected across the vestibular-palatal plane for determining the number of root canals. The average total length of the upper first premolars was 22.5 mm, the average crown length was 8.8 mm, the mean root length was 13.7 mm. The upper first premolars usually have two roots in 53.7% and two root canals in 82.9%. The average total length of the upper second premolars was 22.5 mm. The average crown length was 8.4 mm and the mean root length was 14.1 mm. The upper second premolars usually have one root in 89.6% and one root canal in 79.2%. The determined average values of the length of these teeth and the length of their crowns and roots were similar to the values of the same population reported by other authors.
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6

Nazaryan, R. S., Yu V. Fomenko, N. A. Shcheblikina, T. O. Kolyesova, N. V. Holik, A. S. Bilous, and O. V. Sukhostavets. "Key to success in endodontics (part 2)." Experimental and Clinical Dentistry 06-07, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ecd.2019.1-2.31-37.

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Plenty variants of the teeth endodontic structure requires a thorough study of the root canal anatomy and morphology peculiarities, which will make it possible to estimate the volume and complexity of future endodontic intervention, make a prediction of the treatment result, and forecast possible complications. For an objective assessment of the tooth root system anatomical and morphological features, the main method is x-ray examination. Endodontic treatment planning requires the doctor to estimate his capabilities (in difficult cases, it is necessary to refer the patient to a specialized clinic), calculate future working time (it takes more time to treat a tooth with complex anatomy), and to have all the necessary set of endodontic instruments. If endodontic treatment is impossible, then it’s necessary to consult with a dental surgeon to select a combined approach for treatment (root apex resection, root amputation, tooth hemisection). Purpose of the study. To analyze different variants of roots and root canals anatomical structure of the lower jaw teeth according to literature sources and by X-ray pictures of the authors’ own observations. Materials and research methods. Variants of the anatomical and morphological features of the lower jaw teeth’ roots and root canals structure were analyzed according to literature sources and 405 x-rays of our own observations. The results of the study. The information presented in this article allows to deepen the clinician knowledge concerning the tooth cavity size and shape, the roots and root canals anatomy, the presence of additional channels, as well as the degree of the root canal curvature, and to choose the right channel instrumentation technique and the necessary tools. Often, the proper full working length root canal treatment depends on the degree of curvature and its location. The X-ray analysis of anatomical and morphological features of the lower jaw teeth’ roots and root canals, enables us to identify both common and individual features of a tooth anatomy. When analyzing radiographs of the lower jaw teeth, it is necessary to take into account the projection of the tooth cavity on the outer surface of the crown, as well as signs that may change due to age, caries, non-carious lesions, restorations, and trauma; also anomalies of the position of the tooth in the arch, individual anatomy of the roots, the number of roots and type of root canals, the shape of their cross section (from the orifice to the apex), the direction and length of the roots, the angle of curvature, the number of bends, their localization. For the right choice of the root canal treatment technique and the necessary tools, it is important for the clinician to know the degree of bending of the root canal. Each case requires an individual and skilled approach. Therefore, to assess the possible structural features of the tooth root system, it’s efficiently to use the most modern tools, equipment, and X-ray tactics. The literature data and the analysis of our own radiographs allow us to solve successfully and predictably difficult clinical problems of both primary treatment and retreatment endodontic cases.
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7

Portella, A. K., and P. P. Silveira. "Parenting: Roots of the sweet tooth." Science 345, no. 6204 (September 25, 2014): 1571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.345.6204.1571-c.

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8

Al-Ghananeem, Muna M. F., Khattar Haddadin, Abeer Salem Al-Khreisat, Moeen Al-Weshah, and Nidal Al-Habahbeh. "The Number of Roots and Canals in the Maxillary Second Premolars in a Group of Jordanian Population." International Journal of Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/797692.

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Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the number of roots and root canals in the maxillary second premolar in a group of Jordanian population.Materials and Methods. A total of 217 patients, 100 female (46%) and 117 male (54%), received root canal treatment of maxillary second premolar from January 2012 to January 2014. The mean age of the patients was 32.7, ranging from 18 to 60 years. The teeth included in the study were examined clinically and radiographically for the number of roots and root canals using magnifying loupes.Results. Out of the total of 217 maxillary second premolars, 120 teeth had one root (55.3%), 96 teeth had two roots (44.2%), and one tooth had three roots (0.46%). Regarding root canal configuration, 30 teeth (13.8%) had one canal, 54 teeth (24.9%) had two canals shared in one apical foramen, 132 teeth (60.8%) had two canals with two separate apical foramina, and one tooth (0.46%) had three canals with separate apical foramina.Conclusion. The incidence of two canals (either with shared or separate apical foramina) is very high in the maxillary second premolars in Jordanian population; therefore inspection should be done for the presence of second canal whenever endodontic treatment is planned for this tooth.
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9

Li, Qingqing, Ke Chen, Lin Han, Yan Zhuang, Jingtao Li, and Jiangli Lin. "Automatic tooth roots segmentation of cone beam computed tomography image sequences using U-net and RNN." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (September 19, 2020): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-200678.

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BACKGROUND: Automatic segmentation of individual tooth root is a key technology for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional dental model from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images, which is of great significance for the orthodontic, implant and other dental diagnosis and treatment planning. OBJECTIVES: Currently, tooth root segmentation is mainly done manually because of the similar gray of the tooth root and the alveolar bone from CBCT images. This study aims to explore the automatic tooth root segmentation algorithm of CBCT axial image sequence based on deep learning. METHODS: We proposed a new automatic tooth root segmentation method based on the deep learning U-net with AGs. Since CBCT sequence has a strong correlation between adjacent slices, a Recurrent neural network (RNN) was applied to extract the intra-slice and inter-slice contexts. To develop and test this new method for automatic segmentation of tooth roots using CBCT images, 24 sets of CBCT sequences containing 1160 images and 5 sets of CBCT sequences containing 361 images were used to train and test the network, respectively. RESULTS: Applying to the testing dataset, the segmentation accuracy measured by the intersection over union (IOU), dice similarity coefficient (DICE), average precision rate (APR), average recall rate (ARR), and average symmetrical surface distance (ASSD) are 0.914, 0.955, 95.8% , 95.3% , 0.145 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that the new method combining attention U-net with RNN yields the promising results of automatic tooth roots segmentation, which has potential to help improve the segmentation efficiency and accuracy in future clinical practice.
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10

Kunita, Keisuke, Toshio Nakamura, and Kazuo Kato. "Accurate Age Estimation Using 14C Content in Japanese Human Teeth." Radiocarbon 59, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 739–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.106.

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AbstractWe investigated age estimation of persons using 45 Japanese human teeth that consisted of mainly the third molar. We measured the radiocarbon content in tooth enamel hydroxyapatite from the crown as well as those in collagen and bioapatite in the root of the same tooth. Age estimations from tooth enamel apatite yielded an absolute age shift of 1.7±1.4 yr from the true age. This value suggests that estimating the age of Japanese people from tooth enamel is as accurate as the previous studies conducted in Europe and the USA. The 14C analysis of roots suggested that bioapatite is formed slightly later than collagen in the same tooth roots. The appropriate formation age ranges suggested by the tooth enamel analysis can be optimized and confirmed by using the additional F14C values of the root samples. We also noticed a characteristic trend of enamel δ13C values in comparison with the formation ages of the crowns of the teeth. The δ13C value tends to increase gradually from –13.0‰ to –11.5‰ from the 1960s to the 1970s, probably being caused by changes in the Japanese diet. This trend may support the selection of proper tooth formation age as supplemental data in addition to 14C content analyses.
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11

Victorino, Fausto Rodrigo, Ricardo Affonso Bernardes, Jarcio Victorio Baldi, Ivaldo Gomes de Moraes, Norberti Bernardinelli, Roberto Brandão Garcia, and Clovis Monteiro Bramante. "Bilateral mandibular canines with two roots and two separate canals: case report." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 1 (2009): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000100015.

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The mandibular canine is usually considered a single-rooted tooth with a single root canal. However, two canals and more rarely two roots may also occur. This paper reports the case of a patient with bilateral mandibular canines with two roots and two root canals. The initial periapical radiographs of the mandibular right and left canines for endodontic treatment revealed the presence of two roots in each tooth. After coronal opening, the cervical third was prepared with a SX file of the ProTaper® system and root canal length was confirmed using Root ZX electronic apex locator. Root canal preparation was completed with the series of ProTaper® instruments and the root canal was filled with gutta-percha and an epoxy resin-based endodontic sealer according to Tagger's hybrid technique. The final radiographs showed two well-obturated canals ending at the electronically located apexes. The 6-month posttreatment follow-up showed apparent clinical and radiographic success. Clinicians should always consider the presence of anatomical variations in the teeth during endodontic treatments. Despite the low prevalence, variations may occur in the number of roots and root canals of mandibular canines, as demonstrated in this case report.
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12

Vikram, M., and AR Vivekananda Pai. "Salvaging a tooth by hemisection." Health Renaissance 10, no. 3 (November 13, 2012): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7057.

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Introduction : Hemisection may be a valuable form of treatment for molar teeth when caries has progressed to the furcation, or where there is an extensive carious lesion extending subgingivally in one area of the root, making it impossible to place an adequate restoration in that area and the root is considered unrestorable. Case Presentation : When one of the roots of a multirooted teeth is beyond the scope of restoration, it becomes imperative to remove the diseased root. This case report is about the use of hemisection procedure which was carried out to salvage the mesial portion of the mandibular right first molar.Conclusion : The use of the procedure of hemisection can successfully eliminate the need for extraction of the whole tooth if only a part of it is unrestorable. Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);251-253DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7057
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13

Allahem, Z., and S. AlYami. "Treatment of Maxillary Second Premolar with 4 Roots." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (May 15, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8634797.

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Aim. To report a case of maxillary second premolar with four roots and four separate foramina and the use of CBCT to help identify the root canal system configuration. Summary. A 45-year-old female patient with a no significant medical history was referred for treatment tooth #15. The tooth was diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. After taking periapical radiographs and expected uncommon morphology, CBCT was taken to help confirm canals configuration and aid in the treatment of the case. Root canals treatment was carried without complication under dental operating microscope using a rotary system and continuous wave obturation.
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14

Cui, Xuanyou, Naiyu Cui, Xuehan Li, Xin Du, ShuXin Zhang, Changchun Wu, Dong-Hyuck Kim, Ho-Kyung Lim, and Eui-Seok Lee. "Effect of Root Canal Therapy on the Success Rate of Teeth with Complete Roots in Autogenous Tooth Transplantation." Scanning 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6675604.

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Background. Autogenous tooth transplantation is a reliable method for repairing missing teeth. Although it recently became a recognized and feasible treatment method in dentistry, the long-term efficacy of root canal therapy (RCT) has not been well confirmed. This study is aimed at determining whether RCT has a good effect on the success rate of teeth with complete roots in autogenous tooth transplantation. Materials and Methods. Data were collected from the Korea University Guro Hospital. Data of patients who underwent autogenous tooth transplantation within 9 years were collected. We selected 29 teeth with complete roots as the research subjects in our study. None of the patients had any systemic diseases. All cases in this study were obtained with patient permission. Results. According to the tooth vitality test, the autogenous teeth tested negative in dental pulp test and function. Nine of the 29 teeth with autogenous tooth transplantation were treated with RCT and survived throughout the observation period. However, 20 autogenous teeth were not treated with RCT, and eight of them did not survive. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 20.0. The null hypothesis was rejected ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. For complete root teeth, the success rate after autogenous tooth transplantation after RCT is higher than that of teeth not treated with RCT.
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15

Aguiar, Carlos, Daniela Mendes, Andréa Câmara, and Jose Figueiredo. "Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Root Canals." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 11, no. 2 (2010): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-11-2-78.

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Abstract Aim The purpose of this case report is to describe a nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular left second premolar with two separate roots and three distinct root canals. Background In endodontics, the possible existence of extra canals must be considered before endodontic treatment is instituted. A wide morphological variation of the root canal system is known to exist. Case Description A 36-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment on the left mandibular second premolar. Radiographic examination of the involved tooth revealed an unusual, complex root canal anato my. There was an irregular root morphology consisting of two distinct roots and three canals. Summary This case report describes the successful nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular left second premolar with two separate roots and three distinct root canals filled using size 35 Thermafil guttapercha carriers and AH Plus sealer. On the one-year follow-up radiograph, the tooth was asymptomatic, confirming adequate healing with no complications. Clinical Significance Even in a tooth with an extremely complex root canal morphology, conventional endodontic treatment without surgical intervention can result in adequate healing without any complications. Citation Aguiar C, Mendes D, Câmara A, Figueiredo J. Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 March; 11(2):078-084. Available from: http://www.thejcdp. com/journal/view/volume11-issue2-aguiar.
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16

S. Ota, Masato, Taka Nakahara, Yoriaki Kanri, Yukishige Kozawa, Atsushi Ohazama, Takaaki Aoba, Takashi Kondo, and Sachiko Iseki. "Patterning of Molar Tooth Roots in Mammals." Journal of Oral Biosciences 51, no. 4 (2009): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2330/joralbiosci.51.193.

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17

Ota, Masato S., Taka Nakahara, Yoriaki Kanri, Yukishige Kozawa, Atsushi Ohazama, Takaaki Aoba, Takashi Kondo, and Sachiko Iseki. "Patterning of Molar Tooth Roots in Mammals." Journal of Oral Biosciences 51, no. 4 (January 2009): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1349-0079(09)80003-0.

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18

Suda, Naoto, and Keiji Moriyama. "Human Diseases Associated with Abnormal Tooth Roots." Journal of Oral Biosciences 51, no. 4 (January 2009): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1349-0079(09)80004-2.

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19

Hoppenbrouwers, P. M. M., F. C. M. Driessens, and J. M. P. M. Borggreven. "The mineral solubility of human tooth roots." Archives of Oral Biology 32, no. 5 (1987): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(87)90085-9.

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20

Bercovitz, K., and D. Laufer. "Systemic lead absorption in human tooth roots." Archives of Oral Biology 37, no. 5 (May 1992): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(92)90022-z.

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21

Krasner, Paul. "New prereplantation treatment of avulsed tooth roots." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 8 (August 1991): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90685-f.

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22

Sukmana, Bayu Indra, Huldani Huldani, and Anugrah Qatrunnada Hakim. "COMPARISON OF TOOTH CROWNS AND ROOTS BETWEEN BANJARESE AND JAVANESE PATIENTS AT GUSTI HASAN AMAN DENTAL HOSPITAL." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v5i1.8121.

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Background: Comparison between crowns and roots of the teeth has an important role in determining treatment planning in orthodontics and prosthodontics field. Indonesia, an archipelagic state with diverse ethnicities, is dwelled by 1.300 ethnic categories distributed in various islands including Kalimantan and Java based on the 2010 population census. Javanese is one ethnicity classified in Deutro-Malay sub-race as the result of miscegenation between Proto-Malay sub-race and Mongoloid race. Banjarese, contrarily, is derived from Proto-Malay race which based on Radam theory is originated from a low-lying area adjacent to rivers. There is an urge to examine the comparison of tooth crowns and roots between Javanese and Banjarese due to different racial origin that may greatly influence the treatment plan and prognosis of dental care. Objective: To analyze the differences in roots and crowns length of teeth between Javanese and Banjarese. Methods: All medical records of outpatients in all departments in GustiHasanAman Dental Hospital from 2018 to 2019 were examined and status card from Javanese and Banjarese patients were preferred. Result: The result of tooth roots and crowns comparison in Javanese and Banjarese outpatients at GustiHasanAman Banjarmasin Dental Hospital showed that there were differences in root and crown length between Javanese and Banjarese patients. Comparison of tooth roots and crowns between Javanese was 0.719 and Banjarese was 0.838. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the comparison of tooth crowns and roots between Javanese and Banjarese in GustiHasanAman Banjarmasin Dental Hospital.
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23

Scherer, Ellen, Christopher J. Snyder, Jessica Malberg, Brittney Rigby, Scott Hetzel, and Ken Waller. "A Volumetric Assessment Using Computed Tomography of Canine and First Molar Roots in Dogs of Varying Weight." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 35, no. 2 (June 2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898756418777861.

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Mandibular volume and tooth root volumes were shown to increase at different rates at locations containing the roots of the canine (C) and mesial and distal roots of the first molar (M1). Thirty-six dogs were included in this study. Data were generated using computed tomography at locations of the mandible involving the roots of the C and M1 teeth. Software was used to trace the external surface of the mandible, calculating the volume of the mandible at each location. Similar techniques were used to trace and calculate the volume of the C and M1 roots. Mandible volume, tooth root volume, and root percentage of mandible volume were analyzed and compared using the slopes of the best fit line. At the M1 mesial and distal roots, mandible volume ( P < .001) and root volume ( P < .001) were both noted to increase, with increasing weight at different rates. The rate of change in the root percentage by weight of M1 roots was not different ( P = .214). Each location demonstrated a different increasing rate of change for mandibular volume and increasing root volume. Results show that as patient’s weight increases, the mandible and root volumes increase at different rates. Root percentage by volume at all three locations was noted to decrease by the same rate. Canine and M1 roots are proportionally larger than the supporting mandibular bone in smaller patients. Care should be taken to recommend periodontal disease prevention for owners of small dogs and consideration made when performing extractions or other surgery that may destabilize the mandible.
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24

Nakatomi, M., I. Morita, K. Eto, and M. S. Ota. "Sonic Hedgehog Signaling is Important in Tooth Root Development." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 5 (May 2006): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500506.

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Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) is important for tooth root formation, but the molecular basis for the signaling of root development remains uncertain. We hypothesized that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is involved in the HERS function, because it mediates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during embryonic odontogenesis. We examined the gene expression patterns of Shh signaling in murine developing molar roots. Shh and Patched2 transcripts were identified in the HERS, whereas Patched1, Smoothened, and Gli1 were expressed in the proliferative dental mesenchyme in addition to the HERS. To confirm whether Shh signaling physiologically functions in vivo, we analyzed mesenchymal dysplasia ( mes) mice carrying an abnormal C-terminus of the PATCHED1 protein. In the mutant, cell proliferation was repressed around the HERS at 1 wk. Moreover, the molar eruption was disturbed, and all roots were shorter than those in control littermates at 4 wks. These results indicate that Shh signaling is important in tooth root development. Abbreviations used: BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine; HERS, Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath; NFI-C/CTF, nuclear factor Ic/CAAT box transcription factor; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Ptc, patched; Shh, sonic hedgehog; Smo, smoothened.
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25

Tran, Van-The, Bui Trung Thanh, Banh Tien Long, Hoang Quoc Tuan, and Duc Toan Nguyen. "Study on the effects of tooth profile design parameters of rotor to performance of vacuum pump." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 22n24 (August 25, 2020): 2040141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220401414.

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The vacuum pump usually used traditional curves such as the circular, cycloidal curves and their combinations to construct tooth profile. However, to increase efficiency and design flexibility for the vacuum pump, a novel rotor tooth profile for Roots rotor of vacuum pumps is proposed. Which is named “CEIEC” tooth profile and orderly composed of five significant segments, a circular arc for tooth tip, an epicycloid curve with variable extension, an involute, an enveloped epicycloid curve and a conjugated circular arc for tooth root. A numerical example is presented to evaluate the performance indices for proposed vacuum pump, including the hermeticity coefficients of the rotor mesh gap and tip gap.
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Cai, Yingjie, Ligang Yao, and Guowu Wei. "Generation of tooth profile for Roots rotor based on virtual linkage associated with Assur group." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 2016): 168781401668335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016683352.

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This article, for the first time, presents the generation of Roots rotor tooth profiles based on an Assur-group-associated virtual linkage method. Taking the original Roots rotor as an example, structure and geometry of the Roots rotor are introduced, and based on the principle of inversion, an equivalent virtual linkage is identified for generating dedendum tooth profile of the rotor. Using linkage decomposition associated with elemental Assur groups, algorithm for computing the tooth curve is constructed leading to the explicit expression of rotor profile and the corresponding numerical simulation, verifying the validity of the proposed approach. For demonstration purpose, the virtual linkage method is then extended to the generation of tooth profiles for the variants of Roots rotors with arc-cycloidal curves and arc-involute curves. Integrated with computer-aided design, computer-aided engineering and computer-aided manufacturing software platforms, as well as the three-dimensional printing technology, this article provides an efficient and intuitive approach for Roots rotor system design, analysis and development.
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27

DuPont, Gregg. "Crown Amputation with Intentional Root Retention for Advanced Feline Resorptive Lesions - A Clinical Study." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 12, no. 1 (March 1995): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649501200101.

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Whole tooth extraction is generally considered to be the treatment of choice for teeth with advanced feline external odontoclastic resorptive lesions. These teeth often have both a weakened, brittle crown and radicular ankylosis. These two factors cause frustration and sometimes complications during attempts at extraction. This study investigated the alternative of intentionally leaving part or all of non-pathologic tooth roots in situ to prevent iatrogenic trauma to the patient, loss of alveolar bone, and prolonged healing of surgical defects. Fifty one roots from 23 teeth were radiographed 5–36 months following elective root retention; continued resorption without surrounding bony reaction was seen in almost all cases. In one cat, the roots retained normal periodontal ligament one year later, and in another cat that developed severe stomatitis, the intentionally retained roots were extracted at the same time that the remaining molar teeth were extracted.
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28

Brunet-Llobet, Lluís, Jaume Miranda-Rius, Eduard Lahor-Soler, and Abel Cahuana. "A Fused Maxillary Central Incisor and Its Multidisciplinary Treatment: An 18-Year Follow-Up." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/503478.

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Fused teeth may cause aesthetic, spacing, periodontal, eruption, and caries problems. The present case report describes a 7-year-old boy patient with a chief complaint of unerupted maxillary incisor. Radiographic examination indicated a fused tooth which had two fused roots but two independent root canals. A complex management of a fused tooth is really difficult to standardize. In this case an orthodontic, endodontic, and surgical treatment (intentional replantation) allowed the tooth to be retained until 18 years following intervention. Maintenance of the root and alveolar bone in young adults at least until full skeletal maturation should be the main treatment objective.
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Moradi Majd, Nima, Farshid Akhtari, Solmaz Araghi, and Hamed Homayouni. "Treatment of a Vertical Root Fracture Using Dual-Curing Resin Cement: A Case Report." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/985215.

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Introduction. Vertical root fracture (VRF) is one of the most frustrating complications of root canal treatment. The prognosis of the root with VRF is poor therefore tooth extraction and root amputation are usually the only treatment options. However, bonding of the fracture line with adhesive resin cement during the intentional replantation procedure was recently suggested as an alternative to tooth extraction.Methods. A vertically fractured left maxillary incisor was carefully extracted, fracture line was treated with adhesive resin cement, a retrograde cavity was produced and filled with calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and tooth was replanted.Results. After 12 months the tooth was asymptomatic. The size of periapical radiolucency was noticeably reduced and there was no clinical sign of ankylosis.Conclusion. Using adhesive resin cement to bond the fracture lines extraorally in roots with VRF and intentional replantation of the reconstructed teeth could be considered as an alternative to tooth extraction, especially for anterior teeth.
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Pankevych, A. I., I. A. Kolisnyk, and A. M. Hohol. "DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO THE SURGICAL EXTRACTION OF WISDOM TEETH." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2019.04.

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Impaction and malposition of wisdom teeth and associated inflammatory and tumor-like complications occur in 35-50% of the able-bodied population. The operation of surgical extraction of the third molar of the mandible is indicated for these patients and this operation is one of the most common in surgical dentistry today.Alsoasignificant indication for wisdom teeth removaliscrowding of teeth. The classic operation of surgical wisdom tooth removal, even with careful planning, can be accompanied by different intraoperative and postoperative complications. Planning of removal of the third lower molar requires an individual approachwith mandatory consideration not only of the tooth position but also the topography of the causative tooth relative to the adjacent tooth and mandibular canal. Among the surgical procedures which are used to remove wisdom teeth, in addition to the classic surgery extraction, coronectomy and germectomy should be noted. The purpose of our study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques used for surgical extraction of impacted and malposition wisdom teeth. 208 operations regarding the removal of the third lower molars have been performedduring 2016-2019, of which surgical wisdom teeth removal were 213, coronectomies – 23 and germectomies – 29.Patients' ages ranged from 13 to 26 years. A germectomy was performed in 13-16 years old patient, usually at the stage of a fully formed tooth crown or at the beginning of root formation. The choice of surgery in patients with fully formed roots was dependent on the ratio of the root of the tooth and mandibular canal, which was evaluated after a preliminary computer examination, taking into account the complexity of the surgery and the prognosis of complications. Acoronectomy operation was performed with the close location of the roots of the wisdom tooth with the mandibular canal, taking into account the risk of the damage of lower alveolar nerve. Germectomy and surgery of wisdom teeth removal were performed according to the classical method with cutting of mucoperiostal flaps, preparation of bone, if necessary – separation of crown and roots with subsequent removal of the germ or tooth. The crown of wisdom tooth was separated with a coronectomy, (and cut in height with insufficient access) and the tooth crown was removed, leaving the roots in the jaw. Patients were observed on the next day after surgery, a week later, and as needed. The course of the postoperative period was evaluated: the presence of pain, swelling, complications. The duration of follow-up was up to 2 years. Conclusions: To the choice of surgery in patients with impaction and malposition of wisdom teeth should be approached in a differentiated manner, taking into account topographic and anatomical features, including the ratio of the roots of the teeth to the mandibular canal and assessing the risks of possible complications. Germectomy and coronectomy surgery can be recommended as surgery of choice for orthodontic indications in the treatment of patients with crowded teeth.
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31

Aracena, Angella. "ProTaper Universal Manual Technique in Premolar with Two Roots and Three Root Canals." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2015.021.

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The high morphological complexity of premolars, has led to propose different techniques for successful endodontic therapy. The purpose of this report is to describe the ProTaper manual technique in a second mandibular premolar showing a high anatomical complexity. A patient of 19 years old co- mes to the clinic of endodontic in the Regional Hospi- tal (Temuco), diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis on tooth 35. Radiographic examination found that the tooth has two roots. For clinical suspicion of the presence of a third canal a Cone Beam computed tomography was requested, which confirmed the existence of a distolingual canal. Because it is a complex case, the increased taper endodontic technique was performed, allowing us to complete the endodontic therapy in less time and with less difficulty.
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Oishi, Atsushi. "Intentional Replantation of an Immature Incisor with a Transverse Root Fracture and Endo-Perio Condition: 4 Year Follow-Up." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-41.3.187.

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This case report describes the importance of continual examination for dental trauma and the efficacy of intentional replantation with retrograde root canal filling for a transverse root fracture in an immature incisor accompanied by subsequent periodontal-endodontic disease. In the treatment of traumatically fractured roots in immature incisors, continual examination is indispensable for the final diagnosis because roots in immature teeth are less calcified, resulting in less detailed radiological examinations. Thus, common dental trauma complications such as pulp necrosis may appear months after the initial examination. Endodontic treatment for transverse root fracture is mainly determined according to radiographic examination findings; for fractured immature roots, apexification with calcium hydroxide of the coronal fragment is generally applied. However, this method requires removal of considerable amounts of enamel and dentin to allow access to the cavity for preparation, which may increase the risk of future fractures. In contrast, intentional replantation with retrograde root canal filling does not require the removal or long-term application of calcium hydroxide. However, it requires careful extraction of the tooth, maintenance of root wetness during the extraoral procedure, rigid splinting, and oral hygiene control. Management of tooth mobility is also important in the post-replantation course.
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33

Sung, Kun-Hwa, Ho-Keel Hwang, and Hyoung-Hoon Jo. "Maxillary First Molars with Two Palatal Root Canals." Case Reports in Dentistry 2021 (April 23, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8885923.

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Understanding the anatomical variations in the roots and root canal systems of a tooth is important for the success of root canal treatment. The palatal roots of the maxillary molars have fewer anatomical variations than the other roots, and fewer variations occur in the first molars than in the second molars. This case report describes two distinct cases of maxillary first molars with two palatal canals. For the root canal treatment of teeth with anatomical variations, it is essential to plan specific treatment strategies using cone-beam computed tomography and to execute them using a dental operating microscope. Knowledge of the anatomical variations in the palatal roots of maxillary first molars will help to increase the success rate of root canal treatments.
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Nikolić, Marija, Aleksandar Mitić, Jovanka Gašić, Jelena Popović, Radomir Barac, Stefan Dačić, and Ana Simonović. "First premolar variations in number of roots, root canals and tooth length." Glasnik Antropoloskog drustva Srbije, no. 49 (2014): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gads1449037n.

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35

Cooper, Christopher M., and Caula A. Beyl. "Cultivar Specificity of Jujube using Agrobacterium rhizogenes." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 701b—701. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.701b.

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Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), is valued for its fruit, its ornamental quality, and for its use in reforestation. Jujube is considered to be very difficult to root. Five strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes were tested on eight cultivars of jujube for the induction of roots. Strains of A. rhizogenes used were A4, TR105, AR WT, MT232, and 50. Cultivars of jujube included `Sherwood', `Sugar Cane', `So', `Li', `Silver Hill', `Tiger Tooth', `Lang', and `Contorta'. `Sugar Cane' had the lowest callus rating of the cultivars and `Li' the highest of the cultivars, followed closely by `Tiger Tooth'. `Sugar Cane' consistently had the lowest number of primary and secondary roots, and did not have any tertiary roots. `Li' consistently had the highest number of primary, secondary, and tertiary roots of the cultivars, followed by `Lang'. `Li' had more, longer roots than any of the other cultivars, followed by `Contorta'. `Li' had the best root grade rating of the cultivars. The highest percentage of rooting occurred in `Li' and `Contorta'. `Sugar Cane' had the lowest percentage of rooting. There was no significant effect of strain on any of the rooting parameters measured. Overall, `Li' rooted the best of the cultivars tested in response to Agrobacterium rhizogenes. `Sugar Cane' performed the worst.
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36

Silva, Mauro Henrique Chagas e., Mariane Floriano Lopes Santos Lacerda, Maria das Gracas Afonso Miranda Chaves, and Celso Neiva Campos. "Autotransplantation of a Mandibular Third Molar: A Case Report with 5 Years of Follow-up." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 3 (June 2013): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302177.

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This paper describes the autologous transplantation of a mandibular right third molar to replace the residual roots of the second molar in the same quadrant, preserving function and aesthetics. A 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up was undertaken. After transplantation, the donor tooth received endodontic treatment and placement of calcium hydroxide, which was periodically replaced every 3 months until the filling of the root canals, totalizing a period of 1-year, when apical closure was confirmed. The tooth was in perfect functional and aesthetic conditions 5 years after beginning of treatment. Autotransplantation is a feasible option for replacing missing teeth when a donor tooth is available. The autotransplantation of a right mandibular third molar with compromised function and aesthetics to replace the residual roots resulting from coronal destruction due to extensive carious lesion of the second molar in the same quadrant was a viable treatment alternative.
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37

Dubovina, Dejan, Stevo Matijevic, Filip Djordjevic, Jelena Stanisic, Branko Mihailovic, and Zoran Lazic. "Frequency and risk factors for injury of the inferior alveolar nerve during surgical extraction of the impacted lower third molars." Vojnosanitetski pregled 76, no. 12 (2019): 1240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp171024032d.

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Background/Aim. The injury of inferior alveolar nerve during a surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars, followed by sensory disturbance, is, for the patient, an extremely unpleasant complication. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of this complication after the third molar surgery and its frequency depending on a tooth position and tooth relation to the mandibular canal. Methods. In this study, 800 surgical extractions of the impacted lower third molar were performed. The position of the impacted tooth was recorded according to the Winter classification, as well as the ratio of their root tips to the mandibular canal using the Tanaka et al. and Rood and Shebab classifications. Results. The frequency of the recorded post extraction sensory disturbance was 2.25%, most frequently when teeth were in the mesioangular position. Concerning Tanaka and al. classification, the incidence of injuries was inversely proportional to the increase of distance between roots and mandibular canal with the statistical significance in cases where mandibular canal overlaps more than a half of the root of the tooth (p = 0.001). Considering the radiological signs recommended by Rood and Shehab, a higher frequency of the inferior alveolar nerve injury was recorded when illumination in the area of the root tips was present and when the loss of linear overshadowing characterized by the ?roof? and the ?bottom? of the mandibular canal were observed, or diversion of the canal and root deflection, but without a statistical significance. Conclusion. The superposition of the mandibular canal with the lower third molar roots at the panoramic radiographies may increase a possibility of the inferior alveolar nerve injury. The angulations of the impacted lower third molar as well as the vicinity of the tips of its roots to the content of the mandibular canal, do not significantly affect the frequency of the nerve injury.
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38

Chowdhary, Ramesh, and Sunil Kumar Mishra. "Lateral Extraction Socket Augmentation with Autogenous Tooth Roots." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 10, no. 2 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1276.

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39

Sato, H., M. Kagayama, Y. Sasano, and H. Mayanagi. "Distribution of Interglobular Dentine in Human Tooth Roots." Cells Tissues Organs 166, no. 1 (2000): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000016707.

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40

Thorburn, Dennis N., and Martin M. Ferguson. "Familial ogee roots, tooth mobility, oligodontia, and microdontia." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 74, no. 5 (November 1992): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(92)90347-s.

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41

Sulej, Tomasz, Grzegorz Krzesiński, Mateusz Tałanda, Andrzej S. Wolniewicz, Błażej Błażejowski, Niels Bonde, Piotr Gutowski, Maksymilian Sienkiewicz, and Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki. "The earliest-known mammaliaform fossil from Greenland sheds light on origin of mammals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 43 (October 12, 2020): 26861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012437117.

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Synapsids are unique in having developed multirooted teeth and complex occlusions. These innovations evolved in at least two lineages of mammaliamorphs (Tritylodontidae and Mammaliaformes). Triassic fossils demonstrate that close to the origins of mammals, mammaliaform precursors were “experimenting” with tooth structure and function, resulting in novel patterns of occlusion. One of the most surprising examples of such adaptations is present in the haramiyidan clade, which differed from contemporary mammaliaforms in having two rows of cusps on molariform crowns adapted to omnivorous/herbivorous feeding. However, the origin of the multicusped tooth pattern present in haramiyidans has remained enigmatic. Here we describe the earliest-known mandibular fossil of a mammaliaform with double molariform roots and a crown with two rows of cusps from the Late Triassic of Greenland. The crown morphology is intermediate between that of morganucodontans and haramiyidans and suggests the derivation of the multicusped molariforms of haramiyidans from the triconodont molar pattern seen in morganucodontids. Although it is remarkably well documented in the fossil record, the significance of tooth root division in mammaliaforms remains enigmatic. The results of our biomechanical analyses (finite element analysis [FEA]) indicate that teeth with two roots can better withstand stronger mechanical stresses like those resulting from tooth occlusion, than teeth with a single root.
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42

Nishihara, Katsunari. "Successful Development of Artificial Dental Root of the Gompholic System by Means of Bioceramics." Advances in Science and Technology 49 (October 2006): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.49.290.

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The conventional concept of dental implants completely lacks odontology. Therefore, the dental implant system is quite different from the gompholic mammalian tooth system. Developmental research on artificial dental roots of the mammalian gompholic system has been carried out by the author successfully for the first time in the world from the viewpoint of odontology. Characteristics of the mammalian tooth system are gompholic and heterodontia with tribosphenic tritubercular molars. The meaning of heterodontia in morphology, i.e., several variations in crown and root shapes in different sites of mammalian jawbones are optimal shapes according to the different tooth functions, i.e., sphenic incisors and canines, and tribosphenic-tritubercular molars. For the optimal shapes of teeth adapted to their functions, the gompholic joint system is inevitable, i.e., fibrous articulation with cementoblasts, ligaments with capillaries, and the alveolar bone proper (socket bone). From this viewpoint, the author has developed artificial dental roots of the heterodontia gompholic system. Integrated research on animal experiments, biomechanical research as well as clinical research, have been carried out. It has been proved by microanalyses, microscopy, and scanning electromicroscopy (SEM) that cementoblasts, the cementum, periodontal ligaments, and the alveolar bone proper (socket bone), develop around artificial roots.
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43

Gonzales, Carmen, Hitoshi Hotokezaka, Yoshinori Arai, Tadashi Ninomiya, Junya Tominaga, Insan Jang, Yuka Hotokezaka, Motohiro Tanaka, and Noriaki Yoshida. "An In Vivo 3D Micro-CT Evaluation of Tooth Movement After the Application of Different Force Magnitudes in Rat Molar." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 703–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/071308-366.1.

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Abstract Objective: To investigate the precise longitudinal change in the periodontal ligament (PDL) space width and three-dimensional tooth movement with continuous-force magnitudes in living rats. Materials and Methods: Using nickel-titanium closed-coil springs for 28 days, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-g mesial force was applied to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-CT was taken in the same rat at 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 14, and 28 days. The width of the PDL was measured in the pressure and tension sides from 0 to 3 days. Angular and linear measurements were used to evaluate molar position at day 0, 10, 14, and 28. The finite element model (FEM) was constructed to evaluate the initial stress distribution, molar displacement, and center of rotation of the molar. Results: The initial evaluation of PDL width showed no statistical differences among different force magnitudes. Tooth movement was registered 1 hour after force application and gradually increased with time. From day 10, greater tooth movement was observed when 10 g of force was applied. The FEM showed that the center of rotation in the molar is located in the center of five roots at the apical third of the molar roots. Conclusion: The rat's molar movement mainly consists of mesial tipping, extrusion of distal roots, intrusion of mesial root, palatal inclination, and mesial rotation. Although the initial tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes until day 3 was not remarkably different, 10 g of force produced more tooth movement compared with heavier forces at day 28.
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44

Cialy, Jevin S., Bahruddin Thalib, Mohammad Dharmautama, Wahipa Wiro, and Ervina Ervina. "Preventive and conservative prosthodontic treatment using overdenture and Richmond crown." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 3 (December 18, 2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v1i3.316.

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Prosthodontic treatment aims to restore the chewing function (rehabilitation) and to prevent tooth decay and bone resorption (preventive and conservative). As an example, treatment by overdenture and Richmond crown. Overdenture is a partial or complete removable denture covered and supported by one or more teeth, the tooth roots and/or dental implants. Richmond crown is fixed denture by post and crown system, in which the post part goes into the root canal and its crown covers the entire of original tooth crown surface. By retaining the original teeth and/or roots, it could improve the stability and retention of the denture, and defend proprioseptic of teeth and vertical dimensions. To provide information about preventive prosthodontic treatment and prevention by using overdenture and Richmond crown. Case Report: A 50 year old woman only has 44 teeth on the mandible which is indicated for the overdenture construction and loss teeth 13, 14, 17 and 27 on the maxilla with deep caries in teeth 22 which is indicated for a removable partial denture (RPDs) construction by Richmond crown gear 22. On an early stage study, printing models is done. Then treatment of the root canal on teeth 22 and 44, followed by root canal preparation, core construction (cast post) and Richmond crown on tooth 22 and bareroot preparation on tooth 44 for overdenture construction. The procedure followed by printing, recording bite to insertion. Choosing treatment either overdenture or Richmond crown is very important because it could mantain remain original teeth, thus it can help to improve the retention and stabilization.
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45

Lähdesmäki, R., and L. Alvesalo. "Root Lengths in 47,XYY Males’ Permanent Teeth." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 10 (October 2004): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408301007.

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Studies on individuals with sex chromosome anomalies have demonstrated the promoting effect of the Y chromosome on tooth crown enamel and dentin growth. The present research investigated permanent tooth root lengths in 47,XYY males. The measurements were made from panoramic radiographs. The results indicate longer tooth roots in 47,XYY males compared with those in control males and females. The promoting effect of the Y chromosome on dental growth thus continues in the form of root dentin after the completion of crown growth. The results, together with those on tooth crown sizes in 47,XYY males, suggest that growth excesses are evident and final, beginning a few months after birth and continuing up to the age of 14 years, at least. The excess root dentin growth in 47,XYY males, as well as sexual dimorphism in the growth of crown and root dentin, might be caused by the same factor on the Y chromosome.
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46

Zeng, Qing Dun, and Jing Ren Deng. "Optimization Design of Transmission Gears Considering the Noise Factors on the Basis of Weighting Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.447.

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According to the traditional methods to design the gears in gearbox, the effect of the volume or noise of gears can not be involved. In order to design better gears, this paper used the simple and effective weighting method and considered the three aspects of minimizing the sum of volume of gears, the bending stress in tooth roots and the working noise to design gears. A mathematical model of optimal design of gears was established, where the contact fatigue strength on tooth surface, bending fatigue strength in tooth roots, tooth number, helix angle, big end modulus, overlap contact ratio, tooth width and so on were set as the constraint conditions and the big end modulus, the tooth width, helix angle of tooth width midpoint, and tooth number of the small bevel gear when transmission ratio is given were chosen as the design variables. Finally an example was solved. The results show that the present method can scheme out the gears of lower noise level.
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47

Bıçakçı, A. Altuğ, Oral Sökücü, Hasan Babacan, and H. Hüseyin Köşger. "Mesial Migration Effect on Root Morphology of Mandibular Third Molars." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021006-53r.1.

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Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between forward mandibular third molar migration and root curvature of the mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: The study is comprised of 64 patients who had a history of unilateral mandibular first molar extraction before 16 years of age with no other missing teeth or prosthetic restorations in the mandible. The extraction space was fully or partly closed. The mean remaining space was 1.1 ± 0.41 mm. The root angles for the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular third molars were measured on the panoramic radiographs by calculating the differences between the angle formed by the long axis drawn perpendicular to the occlusal plane of the crown of mandibular third molar and the central line of the lower one ninth of the root through the root apex. The differences between the extracted and nonextracted sides for mesial and distal roots were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Results: Both mesial and distal roots were approximately 8° more vertical on the extraction sides than on the nonextraction sides. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Mesial tooth migration of mandibular third molars reduces the amount of root curvature developing on this tooth.
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48

Chourasia, Hemant Ramesh, Ganesh K. Meshram, Manjusha Warhadpande, and Darshan Dakshindas. "Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Permanent Molars in an Indian Population." International Journal of Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/745152.

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Anin vitrostudy was performed to determine the number of roots, root canals per tooth, root canal configurations, and frequency of isthmi and apical deltas in mandibular first permanent molars in an Indian population. Hundred and fifty mandibular first permanent molars were collected and subjected to clearing technique. The cleared teeth were examined in a stereomicroscope under 7.5x magnifications. The canal configurations were categorized using Vertucci's classification. Overall 94.6% of the mandibular first molars had two roots, and 5.3% had extradistal roots (distolingual root). In addition, 64% of the specimens had three root canals, and 36% had four root canals. The most common canal configurations of mesial and distal roots were Vertucci type IV (54%) and type I (65.3%), respectively. Clinician should be aware of the complex root canal morphology of mandibular first molars among the Indian population before and during the root canal treatment.
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Patel, Surbhi, and Pawan Patel. "Endodontic Management of Maxillary Second Molar with Two Palatal Roots: A Report of Two Cases." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/590406.

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Endodontic treatment may sometimes fail because morphological features of the tooth adversely affect the treatment protocol. Maxillary second molars are recognized as usually having a single palatal root with a single palatal canal. The incidence of second palatal root in the maxillary second molar is very rare. Two cases are presented in this paper describing the endodontic management of a four-rooted maxillary second molar with two distinct palatal roots and canals and two distinct buccal roots and canals. Clinical examination and radiographs showed the presence of two palatal roots during the root canal procedure. The canals were biomechanically prepared with crown-down technique and obturated using lateral condensation technique with AH-Plus sealer.
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50

Bhardwaj, Anuj, and GS Tarun. "Mandibular Second Molar having Four Roots and Unusual Root Canal Morphology." Journal of Health Sciences & Research 8, no. 1 (2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10042-1049.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of having a thorough knowledge about the root canal anatomy and the possibility of extra root/root canal. Materials and methods This case report presents the endodontic management of a left mandibular second molar with four roots and five canals. Results The clinical and radiographic diagnosis shows the existence of four roots and five canals (two in distobuccal root, one in distolingual root, one in mesiobuccal root, and one in mesiolingual root) in mandibular second molar. Conclusion Anatomic variation in the number of roots and root canals can occur in any tooth. Close examination of radiographs taken from different angles and careful evaluation of the internal anatomy of teeth is essential or else root canal treatment is likely to fail if extra roots or root canals are not detected. How to cite this article Bhardwaj A, Tarun GS. Mandibular Second Molar having Four Roots and Unusual Root Canal Morphology. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(1):49-52.
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