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1
Forsström, Daniel. "Toothpaste dispenser." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32305.
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This thesis is performed at Mälardalen University and the Academy of Innovation, Design & Technology. At the end of a Bachelor education in innovation and product design IKE20, this project thesis where written in the spring of 2016. The project focuses on industrial design and includes 10 weeks of full time studies. The report is the result of the projects performance. The project is described by its methods and working procedures together with visual illustrations.The work includes a product development process where hygiene and oral care is the focus. The project is the result out of a previous project that arose during a previous course of education. The project is a further development of toothpaste handling in bathrooms. The assignment was to design and evaluate the function and design of a toothpaste dispenser. The report is intended to form the basis for further development of the product.By working in a scientific way by using product development tool has a product development process been performed to find a solution concept of the problem. To work out a qualitative concept, the author had to purchasing, testing and dismantling existing products on the market. An analysis of the bestselling toothpastes has been completed and evaluated.Through testing and evaluation tools have concepts evaluated and compiled into a final concept. The final concept has then been developed and adapted for manufacturing and assembly. A full-scale three-dimensional model of the product has been developed in a 3D software program. Manufacturing drawings had then been developed from the model.Detta examensarbete är utfört på Mälardalens Högskola på akademin för Innovation, Design & Teknik. I slutet av högskoleingenjörsutbildningen ”Innovation och produktdesign” (IKE20), genomfördes under våren 2016 detta projekt som examensarbete. Projektet är inriktat på Industriell design och omfattar 10 veckors heltidsstudier. Rapporten är resultatet av projektets genomförande. Projektet beskrivs med dess metoder och arbetsgång tillsammans med visuella illustrationer.Arbetet omfattar en produktutvecklingsprocess där hygien och munvård står i fokus. Projektet är resultatet av ett tidigare projekt som uppkom under en tidigare kurs i utbildningen. Projektet är en vidareutveckling av tandkräms-hantering i våtrum. Uppdraget var att utforma och utvärdera funktion och design på en tandkrämsdispenser. Rapporten är tänkt att ligga som underlag till vidareutveckling av produkten.Genom att på ett vetenskapligt arbetssätt använda produktutvecklingsverktyg har en produktutvecklingsprocess genomförts för att finna ett lösningskoncept till problemet. För att arbeta fram ett kvalitativt koncept har inköp, test och demonteringar av befintliga produkter genomförs. En analys av de bästsäljande tandkrämerna har genomförts och utvärderats.Genom tester och utvärderingsverktyg har koncepten utvärderats och sammanställts till ett slutkoncept. Slutkonceptet har sedan utvecklats och anpassats för tillverkning och montering. En fullskalig tredimensionell modell av produkten har framtagits i ett 3D mjukvaruprogram. Utefter modellen har tillverkningsritningar framtagits.
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Batyuk, A. "Chocolate toothpaste for a sweet tooth." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40530.
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What do we mean saying ―a beautiful smile‖? Well, first of
all, it is a sincere smile. What makes it beautiful? – White and
healthy teeth. The most important helper for us is a toothbrush. A
toothbrush is used with a toothpaste, and the choice of it is rather
important, too. As a rule, toothpaste contains various antimicrobial,
deodorizing, bleaching, medical and other components. The main
task of paste is to clean, fresh your mouth, make brushing more
enjoyable, to keep gums healthy, to prevent the development of
cavities and whiten our teeth.
3
Vorster, Lesley Ross. "Economics of the South African toothpaste industry." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8160.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIntroduction: Untreated caries of the permanent dentition is the most prevalent condition worldwide. Ongoing globalisation and the heightened exposure to a refined, westernised diet against a backdrop of deficient health services and inadequate implementation of preventive public health measures, means that dental caries remains pervasive, especially in emerging economies. In South Africa, an estimated 90% of caries remains untreated, disproportionately affecting the poor and detrimentally impacting on the economy. The use of an effective fluoridated toothpaste is regarded as the best clinical practice available today in caries management. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the availability, pricing and affordability of fluoridated toothpastes marketed to South African households and to identify mechanisms to improve financial access among low-income households. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of fluoridated toothpastes, retail price and unit weight/volume was undertaken. Following calculation of a median reference price for each paste, affordability relative to household income brackets was assessed using a modification of the WHO/HAI’s essential medicines pricing protocol. Affordability was expressed in terms of the number of days of disposable household income required to purchase the annual, household therapeutic dosage of a fluoridated toothpaste. Results: Despite the wide availability (n=142) of fluoridated toothpastes, of those assessed for affordability (n=130), none and 49% were affordable to households located in the first and second lowest income brackets, collectively termed low-income earners. Accessibility (±96%) increased sharply for low emerging middle income households and upwards. In general, as household income declined, the proportion of daily, disposable income required to purchase the annual, household therapeutic dosage increased. Households located in the lowest income bracket spent 104.3% of daily income on the annual dosage of the lowest priced toothpaste in contrast to 0.23% spent by the wealthiest households. Horizontal disparity in terms of affordability between household income brackets differed significantly (p<0.00001). Conclusion: Stark inequity in affordability of fluoridated toothpastes exists between low income and affluent households with dire implications in terms of oral health and economic hardship suffered by the poor. To redress this social injustice, a number of price regulatory policies and funding mechanisms are suggested to stimulate dialogue and urge all relevant entities (clinical, legal, industrial, and governmental) to take action urgently.
4
Avey, Karen D. "Development of a standardized abrasive scale an analysis of commercial prophylaxis pastes /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3698.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 74 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57).
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Hodnett, Spencer. "The protective potential of paste containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate as measured by confocal microscopy an in vitro study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5051.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 113 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-79).
6
Ekanayake, Srima Lilani. "Patterns of caries progression during a period of declining caries incidence." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341060.
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Chan, Kit-ping Cordelia, and 陳潔萍. "Comparing the effectiveness of a new innovative desensitizing paste to a home-used desensitizing toothpaste in reducing dentine hypersensitivity among Chinese adults." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206444.
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This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an 8% arginine and calcium carbonate in-office desensitizing prophylaxis paste with that of a home-use toothpaste having the same active ingredients in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. The study was a randomized controlled clinical trial involving 55 subjects who had at least one tooth with sound exposed dentine on the cervical region of the buccal surface displaying hypersensitivity. The subjects were recruited from students and staff, other than those from the Faculty of Dentistry, of The University of Hong Kong. After receiving scaling performed by a dental hygienist at baseline, subjects were randomly assigned to either the in-office desensitizing prophylaxis paste treatment group or the home-use desensitizing toothpaste group. Clinical assessments of dentine hypersensitivity to tactile and to thermal stimuli were performed prior to the treatment at baseline, week 4 and week 12 by a blinded examiner and subjective global assessments of dentine hypersensitivity were recorded. The responses of the subjects to both stimuli were recorded by using a pain score scale from 0 to 10 (from no pain to unbearable pain). Reponses to both tactile and thermal hypersensitivity assessments in the home-use desensitizing toothpaste group showed statistically significant differences between baseline and week 12 (tactile: 2.4 vs. 0.9; cold: 5.8 vs. 3.5, both p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the tactile assessment scores (1.8 vs. 1.0, p<0.05) but not in the thermal hypersensitivity assessment scores (5.5 vs. 5.3, p>0.05) for the in-office desensitizing prophylaxis paste group. There was also a statistically significant difference in the change in thermal assessment scores between the two groups (in-office: -0.2 vs. home-use: -2.3, p<0.05) but not in the tactile hypersensitivity assessment scores (in-office: -0.9 vs. home-use: -1.2, p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in global subjective responses to external stimuli in the telephone interviews. Daily use of an 8% arginine and calcium carbonate toothpaste was able to reduce dentine hypersensitivity over 12 weeks but a single in-office application of prophylaxis paste of similar content was not able to provide instant and long-lasting benefits for subjects with a mild-to-moderate degree of dentine hypersensitivity.published_or_final_version
Dentistry
Master
Master of Philosophy
8
Ide, Mark. "Investigations of dentine sensitivity : an in vitro investigation of the role of abrasives and the development and testing of improved methods of clinical measurement." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309242.
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Willmot, Derrick Robert. "Measurement of demineralised white enamel associated with orthodontic treatment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340219.
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Cole, Pamela Anne. "Cleaning of toothpaste from process equipment by fluid flow at laboratory and pilot scales." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4128/.
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Cleaning studies were performed to remove toothpaste by fluid flow at different temperatures and velocities to mimic CIP (Cleaning-In-Place) processes on toothpaste coated coupons at laboratory scale and fully filled pipeline at pilot scale (different lengths and diameters). The cleaning time was reduced by increasing the velocity and temperature of the water, however no further time benefit was seen above 40°C. The adhesive force for different pastes calculated from micromanipulation data followed the same trend as cleaning times on the laboratory cleaning rig. This cleaning data for the different paste formulations had a logarithmic relationship with the viscosity term from the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model. Removal of toothpaste from pipes occurred by the core of the paste being removed from the centre of the pipe to leave a thin coating on the pipe wall, which was then eroded by flow. Pipes of lengths between 0.3 m and 2 m (47.7 mm diameter pipe) showed no difference in cleaning time. The rate limiting process was removal of the thin wall coating and therefore not a function of length. An inverse wall shear stress relationship with cleaning time was found to represent all the data, at all scales and under all conditions.
11
Wong, Ho-hang Anthony. "A randomized controlled trial of home tooth-whitening products." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3195439X.
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Posztósová, Gyöngyi. "Stanovení fyzikálno-chemické stability zubních past." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449763.
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This diploma thesis is focused on determining the physico-chemical stability of toothpastes. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the work deals with toothpastes, their short history and composition. Stability studies and methods of stability analysis are described below. In the practical part were performed long-term and accelerated stability studies on anhydrous toothpastes, on water-based toothpastes and on toothpastes based on sodium bicarbonate. The physical stability of the products was evaluated by monitoring the appearance and color visually and odor sensory, the pH value using a pH meter and the viscosity with a rotational viscometer. Chemical stability was monitored by determining the free fluorine content by ion chromatography and by ion-selective electrode, total phosphates and potassium also by ion chromatography, sodium bicarbonate by titration, soluble zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry and water activity was also monitored.
13
Deacon, Paul Robert. "The preparation, characterisation and anti-bacterial activity of orally-viable tin(II) salts." Thesis, University of Bath, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240664.
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Septien, Rojas Jose M. "Physico-chemical interactions between silica, salts, water and organohydroxy compounds in clear gel toothpaste formulations." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325423.
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Vorster, Lesley Ross. "Total and bioavailable fluoride concentrations in commercially available toothpastes in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5031.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)High caries burden coupled with a lack of water and salt fluoridation make it imperative that toothpastes marketed to the South African consumer demonstrate adequate caries inhibition. It is generally accepted that an effective toothpaste contain between 1000ppm and 1500ppm total fluoride (TF) and that of this at least 1000ppm F should be in free available form. Studies conducted in other countries have demonstrated that toothpastes often do not conform to this regulation, indicating the need for quality assessments to be undertaken. Objectives: This study therefore aimed to determine total and free available (potentially bioavailable) fluoride concentrations in 28 adult, fluoridated toothpastes marketed to the South Africa consumer. Labeling practices were also assessed. Materials & Methods: Convenience samples were purchased from a major pharmaceutical and food retailer located in each of the five metropolitan areas of South Africa. Information detailed on the packaging was evaluated for compliance with national standards. Total and bioavailable fluoride concentrations were determined potentiometrically, in quadruplicate, following acid hydrolysis of the samples using a Combination Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode, calibrated with standards containing 0.0625ppm F to 6.25ppm F. Results: Although TF content on analysis was found to be statistically significantly lower than manufacturer declaration (1.2x10-7; p≤0.05), 78.6% still contained adequate free, available F levels. Relative mean available fluoride content for toothpastes formulated with a calcium-based abrasive was 85,5% as opposed to 98.7% for those containing silica. Partial alignment with national labeling statutes was observed for all toothpastes. Conclusion: Most commercially available toothpastes are adequately formulated to provide anticariogenic activity, but consumers should be advised against the use of products containing calcium. Improvements to national standards and stricter regulation of labeling practices are required.
16
Garry, Andrew. "An in situ study to determine the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate toothpaste in orthodontic patients." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2034461/.
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Objectives: To investigate the remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions with CPP-ACP toothpaste compared with regular fluoride toothpaste in orthodontic patients. Design: Randomised controlled clinical trial with a cross-over design. Setting: Orthodontic department at the Liverpool University Dental Hospital. Participants: 12 orthodontic patients receiving fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: Demineralised sub-surface enamel lesions were placed in situ onto a fixed appliance in the lower premolar region. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either standard fluoride toothpaste or a CPP-ACP paste (GC Tooth Mousse™) in addition to the fluoride toothpaste. Transverse Microradiography (TMR) was used to analyse and compare the mineral content profiles of the lesions. Results: Mineral loss ΔZ reduced by 15.4% and 24.6% for the fluoride and CPP-ACP groups respectively, with a statistical significant difference between these groups (p = 0.023). Lesion depth reduced by 1.6% and 11.1% for fluoride and CPP-ACP groups respectively, with a statistically significant difference between these groups (p = 0.037). Lesion width reduced by 4.5% and 15.3% for fluoride and CPP-ACP groups respectively, with a statistically significant difference between these groups (p=0.015). Conclusion/Implications: Remineralisation occurred during the in situ phase regardless of treatment group allocation, however the CPP-ACP combined with fluoride group demonstrated a statistically significant increased remineralising effect. CPP-ACP paste may be beneficial for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment who are at high risk of demineralisation or who have demonstrated early signs of white spot lesion formation. Trial Registration: Registered on Current Control Trials http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN04899524.
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Peck, M. Thabit. "The antimicrobial activity of four herbal based toothpastes against specific primary plaque colonizers." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7713_1264025047.
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Aim: To determine whether there was any significant difference in the antimicrobial activity of 4 herbal toothpastes against cultures of 3 primary plaque colonizers (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and a non-specific &alpha
-heamolytic streptococcus).
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Wong, Ho-hang Anthony, and 黃浩行. "A randomized controlled trial of home tooth-whitening products." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195439X.
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Thaveesangpanich, Puckpring. "An in vitro pH-cycling study on the effects of child toothpastes on enamel caries." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31954315.
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Sonbul, Helal. "On caries risk profile and prevention in an adult Saudi population /." Göteborg : Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21947.
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Лукашов, В. В., and Л. Є. Булітко. "Флуор в зубних пастах: за та проти." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46837.
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"Все є отрута і все є ліки, тільки дозування відрізняє одне від одного" - ці слова
приписують Парацельсу. З одного боку, флуор (фтор) необхідний для міцності зубної
емалі, а з іншого - це сильна отрута для живих організмів. Тому постає питання,
наскільки є небезпечним його потрапляння в організм разом з зубними пастами, які
широко рекламуються як засіб профілактики карієсу.
22
Assunção, Cristiane Meira. "Eficácia de diferentes dentifrícios na prevenção do desgaste dentário erosivo em dentes permanentes e decíduos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184423.
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Os dentifrícios são veículos fundamentais para a aplicação dos fluoretos. Estudos em dentes humanos e bovinos têm mostrado que os fluoretos podem apresentar efeitos diversos na prevenção e na progressão do desgaste dentário erosivo (DDE). No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre seu efeito em dentes decíduos. Objetivo: 1) Avaliar o efeito preventivo de dentifrícios fluoretados por meio da intensidade de reflexão da superfície especular (IRS), da microdureza de superfície (MDS) e da perda da superfície calculada (PSC) utilizando um modelo inicial de erosão/abrasão; 2) avaliar por meio de perfilometria a perda de superfície (PS) em um modelo de erosão/abrasão avançado e 3) comparar esse efeito preventivo entre os dentes permanentes (DP) e dentes decíduos (dd). Material e Métodos: Amostras de esmalte de dentes permanentes (n = 100) e decíduos (n = 100) foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco grupos (n = 20) de acordo com os dentifrícios testados: G1 – dentifrício placebo (0ppm), G2 – dentifrício com NaF (controle positivo, 1500ppm, Crest®, P & G), G3 - dentifrício anti-erosão com AmF-NaF-SnCl (1400ppm, elmex Erosion Protection®, GABA - Colgate), G4 - dentifrício com SnF (1100ppm, Sensodyne Repair&Protect®, GSK), G5 - dentifrício anti-erosão com NaF para crianças (1450ppm, Sensodyne ProNamel Junior®, GSK) Metade de cada superfície de esmalte foi coberta com resina à base de metacrilato para criar uma área hígida de referência. As amostras foram então submetidas a ciclos de erosão/abrasão, cinco no protocolo inicial e mais 25 para o protocolo avançado, totalizando 30 ciclos para este último protocolo. Em cada ciclo, as amostras foram incubadas em saliva artificial por 1h hora, submetidas ao desafio erosivo (3min; ácido cítrico 1%; pH 3.6; a 25 ° C) e à abrasão (2min de imersão no slurry; 50 movimentos de escovação; 200 g). Os efeitos das duas co-variáveis "dente" e "dentifrício" foram analisados através do teste ANOVA e as comparações entre os dentifrícios foram realizadas por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis e entre os tipos de dente (DP e dd) utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: No protocolo inicial, considerando os resultados de MDS, as amostras do grupo do dentifrício placebo apresentaram valores significativamente menores para os ‘DP’ do que os outros grupos (p<0.05), no entanto sem diferença entre os dentifrícios fluoretados. Para os ‘dd’, o dentifrício placebo (G1) e o dentifrício com SnF (G4) também mostraram valores significativamente menores do que os outros grupos (p<0.05) Nos resultados de IRS, o dentifrício com SnF (G4) apresentou valores menores em ambos os tipos de dente. Além disso, os dentes decíduos apresentaram significativamente maiores valores de IRS que os dentes permanentes, exceto no grupo do dentifrício anti-erosão com AmF-NaF-SnCl (G3). Os dentes decíduos apresentaram maior PSC do que dentes permanentes, exceto no G3. No protocolo avançado de erosão/abrasão os dentes decíduos (dd) mostraram PS significativamente maior do que os dentes permanentes (DP) em todos os grupos (p <0.001). Os valores médios de PS de cada grupo foram: G1 DP 18.18μm (± 3.98), dd 25.65μm (± 9.21); G2 DP 14.76μm (± 2.82), dd 18.11μm (± 3.92); G3 DP 12.62μm (± 5.29), dd 15.61μm (± 6.70); G4 DP 17.12μm (± 2.24), dd 23.41μm (± 7.9); G5 DP 13.24μm (± 1.29), dd 18.28μm (± 8.96). Conclusões: No protocolo de erosão/abrasão inicial dentes decíduos apresentaram valores mais baixos MDS, valores de IRS mais elevados e maior PSC do que os dentes permanentes durante o experimento. O dentifrício anti-erosão com NaF para crianças apresentou os menores valores de PSC em ambos os dentes permanentes e decíduos, com um melhor efeito preventivo. No protocolo avançado o dentifrício anti-erosão com AmF-NaF-SnCl apresentou o melhor efeito preventivo contra desgaste erosivo nos dentes permanentes. Em dentes decíduos os dentifrícios com NaF (G2), anti-erosão com AmF-NaF-SnCl (G3) e anti-erosão com NaF para crianças (G5) mostraram efeito semelhante.Toothpastes are key vehicles for fluorides application. Studies have shown that various fluorides have different preventive effect on erosive tooth wear (ETW) progression. Little is known about their effect on deciduous teeth. Aim: 1) To evaluate the preventive effect of the toothpastes through surface specular reflection intensity (SRI), surface microhardness (SMH) and calculated surface loss (CSL) in an initial erosion/abrasion model; 2) to evaluate through profilometry the surface loss (SL) in a severe erosion/abrasion model and 3) to compare this preventive effect between permanent teeth (PT) and deciduous teeth (dt). Material and Methods: Enamel samples of permanent (n=100) and deciduous teeth (n=100) were randomly divided into five groups according to toothpastes tested (n=20). G1 – placebo toothpaste (0ppm), G2 – NaF toothpaste (positive control, 1500ppm, Crest®, P&G), G3 – AmF-NaF-SnCl antierosion toothpaste (1400ppm, elmex Erosion Protection®, GABA – Colgate), G4 – SnF toothpaste (1100ppm, Sensodyne Repair®, GSK), G5 – NaF antierosion toothpaste for children (1450ppm, Sensodyne ProNamel Junior®, GSK). Half of enamel sample surfaces were covered with methacrylate-based resin to create a sound reference area. The samples were submitted to erosion-abrasion cycles, 5 in initial protocol and more 25 in severe protocol, totalizing 30 cycles at the end. In each cycle samples were incubated in artificial saliva (1h), submitted to erosive challenge (3min; 1% citric acid; pH3.6; at 25°C) and to toothbrush abrasion (2min immersion in slurry; 50 strokes; 200g) The effects of the two covariables “tooth” and “toothpaste” were analyzed by ANOVA Comparisons among toothpastes were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis-tests and between PT and dt using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test. Results: In initial protocol, considering the SMH results, placebo toothpaste showed significantly lower SMH values in PT than the other toothpastes (p<0.05), with no differences between the toothpastes. In dt, placebo and G4 also showed significantly different values than the other groups (p<0.05). In SRI results, SnF toothpaste (G4) showed lower erf values in both PT and dt. Deciduous teeth presented significantly higher SRI than permanent (p<0.05), except on AmF-NaF-SnCl antierosion group (G3). Deciduous teeth presented generally higher CSL than PT, except for G3. In the severe protocol deciduous teeth (dt) showed significant higher SL than permanent teeth (PT) in all groups (p<0.001). The mean values of SL of each group were: G1 PT 18.18(±3.98), dt 25.65(±9.21); G2 PT 14.76(±2.82), dt 18.11(±3.92); G3 PT 12.62(±5.29), dt 15.61(±6.70); G4 PT 17.12(±2.24), dt 23.41(±7.9); G5 PT 13.24(±1.29), dt 18.28(±8.96) Conclusions: In initial protocol deciduous teeth presented lower SMH values, higher SRI values and higher surface loss than permanent teeth during the experiment. The NaF antierosion toothpaste for children presented the lowest values of SL in both permanent and deciduous teeth, with a better preventive effect. In severe protocol, AmF-NaF-SnCl antierosion toothpaste showed the best preventive effect against erosion-abrasion cycles in permanent teeth. In deciduous teeth NaF toothpaste, AmF-NaF-SnCl antierosion toothpaste and NaF antierosion toothpaste for children showed similar effect.
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Henriques, Guilherme Ramos. "Design de produto aplicado à área da higiene oral." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22756.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Design com a especialização em Design de Produto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A presente investigação insere-se na área de Design de Produto no sector da higiene oral, mais propriamente, no redesenho dos tubos das pastas dentífricas. As pastas de dentes são um objeto de uso diário, presente no quotidiano de toda a população. Este objeto, apesar de ter sofrido algumas alterações ao longo do tempo – introdução de pastas sólidas, objetos de auxílio à remoção da pasta do interior do tubo, formato do mesmo, entre outros – ainda não é um objeto que responda às necessidades do consumidor e do meio ambiente de forma eficaz e sustentável. Do ponto de vista do utilizador, o manuseamento do objeto – tubo de pasta de dentes – não é completamente eficaz. Para além disso, acaba por acarretar uma maior despesa, ao implicar a compra de mais do que o necessário. O desperdício, quer de material, recursos e do próprio conteúdo em si, é também desproporcional e necessita de intervenção urgente. Como tal, a intervenção do Design nesta área, enquanto disciplina, pode tornar estes pequenos – mas tão importantes – objetos mais funcionais, rentáveis e contribuir para uma redução de custos, associados ao desperdício gerado pela indústria e consumo. Consequentemente, a pegada ecológica do sector e dos indivíduos pode ser diminuida, tornando estes tubos de pasta de dentes mais sustentáveis e melhorar a experiência da sua utilização. Este projeto de final de Mestrado baseia-se em metodologias não intervencionistas e intervencionistas de base qualitativa. A investigação ativa é também aplicada no desenvolvimento do projeto e do protótipo e os principais objetivos a alcançar são o aproveitamento da pasta dentífrica na sua totalidade e a eliminação de material e embalagens excessivas e desnecessárias. Um outro objetivo é a sensibilização da população para um consumo responsável e para o uso de embalagens mais sustentáveis.
ABSTRACT: The present investigation is part of the Product Design area of the oral hygiene sector, more precisely, in the redesign of toothpaste tubes. Toothpastes are an object of daily use, present in the daily lives of the entire population. This object, despite having undergone some changes over time - introduction of solid pastes, objects that help remove the paste from inside the tube, its shape, among others – it’s still not an object that responds to the needs of the consumer and the environment effectively and sustainably. From the user's point of view, handling the object - toothpaste tube - is not completely effective. In addition, it ends up causing a higher expense, as it implies the purchase of more than necessary. The waste of material, resources and the content itself is also disproportionate and requires urgent intervention. As such, the intervention of Design in this area, as a discipline, can make these small - yet so important - objects more functional, useful and contribute to a reduction in costs, associated with the waste generated by this industry and its consumption. Consequently, the ecological footprint of the sector and individuals can be reduced, making these toothpaste tubes more sustainable and improving the experience of their use. This final Master’s project is based on non-interventionist and qualitative-based interventionist methodologies. Active research is also applied to the development of the project and the prototype. The main objectives to be achieved are the use of toothpaste in its entirety and the elimination of excessive and unnecessary material and packaging. Another objective is to raise public awareness of responsible consumption and the use of more sustainable packaging.
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Garcia, Luhana Santos Gonzales [UNESP]. "Efeito da adição de nanopartículas de hexametafosfato de sódio em dentifrícios fluoretados sobre o processo de remineralização, desmineralização e biofilme dentário: estudos in situ." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152786.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um dentifrício fluoretado convencional (1100 ppm F), contendo nanopartículas de hexametafosfato de sódio (HMPnano) sobre a remineralização de lesões artificiais de cárie e desmineralização do esmalte in situ e biofilme. O estudo de remineralização, foi duplo-cego cruzado, realizado em quatro fases de três dias cada. Voluntários (n=12) usaram dispositivos palatinos contendo quatro blocos de esmalte bovino com lesões artificiais de cárie. A seguir foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos de tratamento: sem F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associado a 0,5% HMP microparticulado e nanoparticulado (1100F/HMP; 1100F/HMPnano). Os voluntários foram instruídos a escovar seus dentes naturais com os dispositivos palatinos na boca durante 1 min (3x/dia), de modo que os blocos foram tratados com slurry de dentifrícios. Após cada fase, determinou-se a porcentagem de recuperação de dureza de superfície (%SHR), recuperação integrada de dureza de subsuperfície (ΔIHR), recuperação mineral integrada (ΔIMR) e concentração de fluoreto (F) no esmalte. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância de medidas repetidas seguido pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). A superfície do esmalte tornou-se 68% mais remineralizada quando tratada com 1100F/HMPnano em comparação com 1100F (p < 0,001). O tratamento com 1100F/HMP e 1100F/HMPnano promoveu um aumento em ~ 23% e ~ 87% da ΔIHR quando comparado ao 1100F (p < 0,001). Além disso, ΔIMR foi de ~ 75% e ~ 33% maior para 1100F/HMPnano quando comparado a 1100F e 1100F/HMP, respectivamente (p < 0,001). O estudo de desmineralização foi duplo-cego cruzado, e consistiu em quatro fases (7 dias cada). Voluntários (n=12) usaram aparelhos palatinos contendo quatro blocos de esmaltes bovinos. O desafio cariogênico foi realizado pela solução de sacarose a 30% (6x/dia). Os tratamentos com os dentífricios (3x/dia) foram os seguintes: sem F/ HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associado a 0,5% HMP microparticulado e nanoparticulado (1100F/HMP; 1100F/HMPnano). Após sete dias determinou-se a porcentagem de perda de dureza de superfície (%SH), perda integrada de dureza subsuperfície (ΔKHN), cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e fluoreto (F) no esmalte. Além disso, no biofilme formado sobre os blocos analisou-se as concentrações de polissacarídeos extracelulares (EPS), F, Ca, P. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância de medidas repetidas seguido pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). Resultados: 1100F/HMPnano promoveu menor %SH e ΔKHN quando comparado aos demais grupos (p < 0,001). A adição de HMPnano a 1100F não aumentou a absorção de F e P no esmalte, mas aumentou significativamente as concentrações de Ca (p < 0,001). O grupo 1100F/HMPnano apresentou valores mais baixos de concentração de EPS quando comparado com 1100F (~ 70%) (p < 0,001). Todos os grupos foram supersaturados em relação a hidroxiapatita (HA). Somente, o grupo 1100F/HMPnano foi supersaturado em relação ao fluoreto de cálcio (CaF2) (p < 0,05). As atividades iônicas de íon fluoreto de cálcio (CaF+) e fluoreto de hidrogênio neutro (HF0) para o grupo 1100F/HMPnano foram significativamente maiores quando comparadas aos demais grupos (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a adição de HMPnano a um dentifrício convencional promoveu um efeito remineralizador significantemente maior em lesões artificiais de cárie e demonstrou um maior efeito protetor contra a desmineralização e variáveis do biofilme in situ.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a conventional fluoride toothpaste (1100 ppm F) containing nano-sizeds of sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) on the remineralization of artificial caries lesions and enamel demineralization and biofilm in situ. The remineralization study was double-blinded crossed, performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Volunteers (n = 12) used palatal devices containing four blocks of bovine enamel with artificial lesions of caries. They were then randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: without F/ HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with 0.5% HMP microparticulate and nano-sized (1100F/HMP; 1100F/ HMPnano). The volunteers were instructed to brush their natural teeth with the palatine devices in the mouth for 1 min (3x/day), so that the blocks were treated with slurry of toothpastes. After each phase, the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), integrated recovery of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR), integrated mineral recovery (ΔIMR) and fluoride (F) concentration in the enamel were determined. The results were subjected to analysis of variance of repeated measures followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The enamel surface became 68% more remineralized when treated with 1100F/ HMPnano compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F/HMP and 1100F/ HMPnano promoted an increase in ~ 23% and ~ 87% of ΔIHR when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). In addition, ΔIMR was ~ 75% and ~ 33% higher for 1100F/HMPnano when compared to 1100F and 1100F/HMP, respectively (p < 0.001). The study of demineralization was double-blinded crossed, and consisted of four phases (7 days each). Volunteers (n = 12) used palatal appliances containing four blocks of bovine enamel. The cariogenic challenge was accomplished by the solution of sucrose 30% (6x/day). Treatments with the toothpaste (3x/day) were as follows: without F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with 0.5% HMP microparticulate and nano-sized (1100F/HMP; 1100F/HMPnano). After 7 days the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and fluoride (F) in the enamel were determined. The results were submitted to analysis of variance of repeated measurements followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The results were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). Results: 1100F/HMPnano promoted lower %SH and ΔKHN when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Addition of HMPnano to 1100F did not increase the absorption of enamel F, but significantly increased enamel Ca concentrations (p < 0.001). The 1100F/HMPnano group had lower values of EPS concentration when compared to 1100F (~ 70%) (p < 0.001). All groups were supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite (HA). Only, the 1100F/HMPnano group was supersaturated relative to calcium fluoride (CaF2) (p < 0.05). The ionic activities of calcium fluoride ion (CaF+) and neutral hydrogen fluoride (HF0) for the 1100F/HMPnano group were significantly higher when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). It was concluded that the addition of HMPnano to a conventional toothpaste promoted a significantly greater remineralizing effect on artificial caries lesions and demonstrated a greater protective effect against demineralization and biofilm in situ.
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Глянцев, П. П. "Взаимодействие элементов ротовой полости с компонентами зубной пасты." Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/53986.
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Самым распространенным средством для ухода за полостью рта является зубная паста. Современный рынок предлагает разнообразные варианты паст по содержанию действующих веществ, оказывающих различное влияние на состояние ротовой полости в целом. Важное значение приобретает выбор зубной пасты в зависимости от цели использования (профилактическая/лечебная) и состояния ротовой полости.
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Brighenti, Fernanda Lourenção [UNESP]. "Avaliação in vitro de dentifrícios com concentrações reduzidas de fluoreto e pH acidulado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95468.
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brighenti_fl_me_araca.pdf: 987889 bytes, checksum: 1a2019e663f5ac02591b6b455a4163a8 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fgm Produtos Odontologicos Ltda.
Pelo fato dos dentifrícios fluoretados serem um fator de risco para fluorose dentária, produtos com concentrações reduzidas de flúor poderiam oferecer maior segurança, desde que sua efetividade seja mantida. O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar dentifrícios com 412 e 550 ?g F/g e pH acidulado, comparando-os com os de pH neutro. Blocos de dentes bovinos, selecionados a partir da sua dureza superficial inicial, foram submetidos à ciclagem de pH e tratamento diário (2x) com dentifrícios placebo, 275, 412, 550 e 1100 ?g F/g em dois diferentes pH (7,0 e 5,5) e com dentifrícios comerciais Crest® (controle positivo) e Colgate Baby® (500? ?g F/g). Em seguida, foi calculada a variação da microdureza de superfície (%AMDS) e a perda mineral (?Z) e determinado o conteúdo de F no esmalte e de íons flúor, cálcio e fosfato nas soluções após a ciclagem de pH. Em comparação ao dentifrício neutro, os dentifrícios acidulados tiveram menor %AMDS em todas as concentrações, mas não houve diferenças estatísticas com relação ao conteúdo de F no esmalte (p<0,05). Foi encontrada maior quantidade de íon F e menor de Ca e P nas soluções para os dentifrícios acidulados. Para ?Z, somente os dentifrícios Crest®, 1100 acidulado e neutro?não foram diferentes estatisticamente. Conclui-se que houve uma relação dose-reposta e que o dentifrício com 550 ??g F/g acidulado possui uma ação anticariogênica semelhante ao 1100? ?g F/g neutro.
Fluoride dentifrices are a risk factor for the development of dental fluorosis. Products with low-fluoride content offer a higher security, but their effectiveness must be proven. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro two low fluoride (412 and 550 æg F/g) acidulated toothpastes in comparison with the neutral ones. Enamel bovine blocks were selected through surface microhardness and submitted to pH cycling and daily treatment (2x) with toothpastes placebo, 275, 412, 550 and 1,100 æg F/g in two different pH (7.0 and 5.5) and the market toothpastes Crest® (positive control) and Colgate Baby® (500 æg F/g). The calculation of surface microhardness change (%SMHC), mineral loss (?Z) and the assessment of fluoride in enamel and fluoride, calcium and phosphate content in solutions after the pH cycling were then performed. Compared to neutral dentifrices, the acidulated toothpastes reduced the %SMHC in all F concentrations but there were no statistical differences regarding F content in enamel (p<0.05). More F and less Ca and P content were found in solutions for the acidulated toothpastes. Regarding mineral loss, only the groups Crest®, 1,100 acidulated and neutral were not statistically different. A dose-response relationship was observed. The 550 æg F/g pH 5.5 dentifrice had similar anticariogenic action when compared to the 1100 æg F/g pH 7.0 dentifrice.
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Roselino, Lourenço de Moraes Rego. "Avaliação clínica do efeito de dentifrícios clareadores na cor e rugosidade do esmalte dental e compósitos odontológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-14092015-111313/.
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Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar clinicamente a alteração de cor e de rugosidade de superfície do esmalte dental e de compósitos odontológicos, submetidos à escovação com dentifrícios clareadores e a ação deles sobre a degradação das pontas das cerdas da escova dental. Foram obtidos 30 corpos-de-prova (6mm de diâmetro X 2mm de espessura) de cada compósito (Z250 e Z350, 3M ESPE e Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent). Em seguida, estes foram aleatoriamente fixados na face vestibular dos primeiros molares superiores (direito e esquerdo) e de um segundo molar superior (direito ou esquerdo) de 30 participantes selecionados para o estudo, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão determinados. Após a fixação dos espécimes, os participantes receberam escovas de dentes (Oral B Classic, Procter & Gamble) e dentifrício convencional (Sorriso Dentes Brancos, Colgate-Palmolive) e foram orientados a utilizar esses produtos durante 7 dias (período pré-experimental) após o qual foram realizadas as leituras iniciais de cor (Easyshade, VITA) e de rugosidade de superfície (Rugosímetro Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosakalab) das amostras e também do esmalte dental de um dos incisivos centrais superiores dos participantes. Para as leituras de rugosidade foi realizada moldagem (Express, 3M ESPE) do incisivo central superior e dos corpos-de-prova fixados para posterior obtenção de modelos com resina de poliuretano (Axon F16, Abcol) para confecção de réplicas, sobre as quais foram realizadas as leituras. Após as leituras iniciais, os participantes foram separados em 3 grupos (n=10), conforme o dentifrício clareador utilizado: Grupo 1) Dentifrício controle (Sorriso Dentes Brancos); Grupo 2) Dentifrício clareador (Colgate Luminous White, Colgate-Palmolive); e Grupo 3) Dentifrício clareador de ação rápida (Close up White Now, Unilever). As cerdas das escovas dentais utilizadas pelos participantes foram analisadas por MEV (Microscópio XL30 Field Emission Gun, Philips), em duas regiões da escova: periférica e central. Os períodos de análise da ação dos dentifrícios clareadores foram, 7, 30 e 90 dias. Os valores das medições (antes e após os períodos de testes) foram analisados estatisticamente (3-way-ANOVA, medidas repetidas, Tukey, p<0,05) e os resultados demonstraram que não houve alteração de cor significativa dos substratos analisados independentemente do tipo de dentifrício utilizado, mas o tempo de utilização de um dentifrício sobre os compósitos foi significante para a alteração de cor. Não houve alteração de rugosidade de superfície do esmalte dental, independente do dentifrício utilizado. A alteração de rugosidade de superfície dos compósitos é material dependente, mas o tempo de escovação com esses dentifrícios não interfere nessa propriedade. Quanto maior o tempo de escovação, maior o desgaste da ponta das cerdas da escova, independente do dentifrício utilizado e da região a que ela pertence. Conclui-se que a alteração de cor e de rugosidade de superfície dos compósitos é material-dependente e tempo-dependente para a alteração de cor e para degradação das cerdas da escova.The aims of this study were to clinically evaluated the color change and the surface roughness of enamel and dental composites submitted to brushing with whitening toothpaste and the their action over the degradation of the tips of the bristles of the toothbrush. 30 specimens were obtained (6 mm diameter X 2mm thick) of each composite (Z250 and Z350, 3M ESPE and Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent). Then, the specimens were randomly bonded on the maxillary first molars buccal surfaces (right and left sides) and the one maxillary second molar (right or left sides) of 30 participants, which were selected for the study according to inclusion criteria. After specimens bonding, participants received toothbrush (Oral B Classic, Procter & Gamble) and non whitening toothpaste (Sorriso Dentes Brancos, Colgate-Palmolive) and also they were instructed to use these products for 7 days (pre-trial). After that, were realized the initial color (Easyshade, VITA) and surface roughness (Roughness Surfcorder SE 1700, KosakaLab) readings of specimens and of the enamel of the maxillary central incisors of the participants. For surface roughness readings was performed molding (Express, 3M ESPE) of the maxillary central incisor and of the specimens fixed to be retrieved later of the models with polyurethane resin (Axon F16, Abcol). Then in these replicas were made surface roughness readings. After baseline measurements, participants were divided into 3 groups (n=10), according to the whitening toothpaste used: Group 1) Control toothpaste (Sorriso Dentes Brancos); Group 2) Whitening toothpaste (Colgate Luminous White, Colgate-Palmolive); and Group 3) Whitening toothpaste with fast action (Close up White Now, Unilever). The bristles of toothbrushes used by the participants were analyzed by SEM (Field Emission Gun Microscope XL30, Philips) in two regions of the brush: peripheral and central. The periods of action analysis of whitening toothpaste were 7, 30 and 90 days. The measured values (before and after the testing periods) were statistically analyzed (3-way ANOVA, repeated measures, Tukey, p <0.05) and the results showed no significant color change of the substrates analyzed independently of the type toothpaste used, but the time of use of a dentifrice over the composites was significant for the color change. There was no surface roughness change enamel independently of the toothpaste used. The surface roughness change of composites is dependent on material, but the time of brushing with these toothpaste does not interfere in this property. The longer the time of brushing, the greater the degradation in the tips of the bristles of the toothbrush independently of the toothpaste used and the region to which it belongs. It is conclude that the color change and surface roughness of the composites is material-dependent and time-dependent to color change and to degradation of the brush bristles.
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Gonzales, Motta Camila Fernanda Stefany, and Morales Gerson Marcelo Moscoso. "Comparación in vitro de la microdureza superficial del esmalte de dientes de bovinos expuestos a tres suplementos a base de caseína, creatina y leucina." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655128.
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Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la microdureza superficial del esmalte de dientes de bovino al ser expuestos a tres suplementos a base de caseína, creatina y leucina.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo experimental in vitro. Se evaluó la microdureza superficial inicial y final de 30 especímenes de esmalte bovino al ser expuestos a tres suplementos a base caseína, creatina y leucina. Se midió la microdureza superficial con un microdurómetro (Hv1000 LG - Corea del Sur) en los especímenes bovinos antes y después de la exposición. Dichos especímenes fueron almacenados a temperatura ambiente entre cada exposición. El análisis bivariado fue evaluado mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar la microdureza inicial y final de cada grupo y se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis para comparar la diferencia de microdureza en los diferentes tiempos y entre los suplementos. Además, se realizó la prueba de Dunn para verificar si existían similitudes entre los grupos analizados. El nivel de significancia se estableció como p<0.05.
Resultados: El porcentaje de pérdida de la microdureza superficial con cada suplemento fue: caseína 2.63%, creatina 4.69% y leucina con 27.95% observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p= 0.005) solo entre los grupos de creatina y leucina. Además, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar la diferencia de microdureza superficial inicial y final de los especímenes al ser expuestos a los tres suplementos.
Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se observó que, la microdureza del esmalte bovino se ve reducida al ser expuesto a suplementos a base de caseína, leucina y creatina. Asimismo, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las pruebas realizadas las cuales concluyeron que la mayor pérdida en la microdureza superficial fueron en los especímenes expuestos al suplemento a base de leucina.Objective: Compare in vitro the superficial microhardness of bovine tooth enamel when exposed to three supplements based on casein, creatine, and leucine. Materials and Methods: Experimental in vitro study. The initial and final surface microhardness of 30 bovine enamel specimens was evaluated when exposed to three supplements based on casein, creatine, and leucine. Surface microhardness was measured with a micro durometer (Hv1000 LG - South Korea) in the bovine specimens before and after challenge. Bivariate analysis was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test to compare the initial and final microhardness of each group and the Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the difference in microhardness at different times and between the protein supplements. In addition, Dunn's test was performed to verify if there were similarities between the groups analyzed. The significance level was established as p <0.05. Results: The percentage of loss of surface microhardness with each supplement was: casein 2.63%, creatine 4.69% and leucine with 27.95%, observing statistically significant differences (p = 0.005) only between the creatine and leucine groups. In addition, statistically significant differences were found when comparing the initial and final surface microhardness difference of the specimens when exposed to the three supplements. Conclusions: In the present study it was observed that the microhardness of bovine enamel is reduced when exposed to supplements based on casein, leucine, and creatine. Likewise, statistically significant differences were found in the tests carried out which concluded that the greatest loss in surface microhardness was in the specimens exposed to the leucine-based supplement.
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Dávila, Ramírez Jaclyn Lesly, Vilchez María De Jesús Faya, Cueva Erika Isabel Guillén, and Camiluaga Jennifer Sophia Rondón. "Proyecto Naturessa." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651785.
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El presente proyecto lleva el nombre de “Naturessa”, el cual es una empresa que ofrece al público la alternativa de adquirir una pasta dental ecológica elaborada con insumos naturales y con envase eco amigable; esto con la finalidad de brindar beneficios a la salud del consumidor y colaborar con el cuidado del medio ambiente.
Para la realización de este proyecto se identificaron dos incertidumbres que existen en el mercado de salud bucal. Por un lado, identificamos que las pastas dentales tradicionales contienen insumos que son dañinos para la salud humana, ya que causan problemas como irritaciones, afecciones en los huesos, cáncer, entre otros. Asimismo, los consumidores no se encuentran informados de estos males. Por otro lado, las pastas dentales tradicionales son causantes de contaminación ambiental, ya que son producidos con micro plásticos que funcionan como agentes para eliminar la suciedad dental y están contenidos en envases de plástico.
Naturessa está dirigido a hombres y mujeres del nivel socioeconómico A y B de la zona 7 de la ciudad de Lima, los cuales comprende los distritos de Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco y La Molina. Además, estas personas se preocupen por utilizar insumos naturales y por el cuidado del medio ambiente.
Para llevar a cabo el presente trabajo de investigación, se analizó factores internos y externos de la industria. Además, se desarrollaron estrategias para lograr impulsar nuestro proyecto. Para finalizar, se mostrará el plan financiero para sustentar la viabilidad de nuestro negocio.This project is called "Naturessa", which is a company that offers the public the alternative of acquiring an organic toothpaste made with natural supplies and with an eco-friendly packaging; this with the purpose of providing benefits to the health of the consumer and collaborating with the care of the environment. For the realization of this project, two uncertainties that exist in the oral health market were identified. On the one hand, we identify that traditional toothpastes contain supplies that are harmful to human health, since they cause problems such as irritations, bone conditions, cancer, among others. Likewise, consumers are not informed of these evils. On the other hand, traditional toothpastes are causing environmental pollution, since they are produced with microplastics that work as agents to remove tooth dirt and are contained in plastic containers. Naturessa is aimed at men and women of socioeconomic level A and B of zone 7 of the city of Lima, which includes the districts of Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco and La Molina. In addition, these people worry about using natural inputs and caring for the environment. To carry out this research work, internal and external factors of the industry were analyzed. In addition, strategies were developed to boost our project. Finally, the financial plan will be shown to support the viability of our business.
Trabajo de investigación
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Santos, Cristiane Brand?o. "Ingest?o de fluoreto e risco de fluorose dent?ria." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/tede/639.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB
Introduction: Dental fluorosis is an alteration in dental enamel mineralization, related to fluoride (F?) intake. Objectives: To investigate the impact of F? addition in toothpaste on the prevalence of dental fluorosis and to compare methods for F? determination in samples of diet and toothpaste. Methods: Two studies were developed: 1) systematic review of the literature, with meta-analysis, performed by two reviewers independently searching the four electronic databases (MEDLINE / PubMed; MEDLINE / Ovid; Bireme and Web of Science). The quality of articles eligible for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), and by the classification modified by Irani (2013); 2) a laboratory study that determined the F? concentration in the diet and dentifrice samples using two extraction methods: HMDS facilitated microdiffusion and hydrolysis in 0.01M HCl at times 30, 60 and 120 min of incubation. For analysis of the data, the one-way ANOVA test was applied. Results: 1) In the systematic review, eleven articles were eligible, and, when STROBE was applied, the number of items included ranged from 14 and 19, with an average of 16.3 and a standard deviation of 4.03; in the analysis of the classification modified by Irani (2013), two articles were classified as high quality and the rest of intermediate quality; 2) the method of extraction using 0.01M HCl, in the time 30 min, resulted in similar values to that expected by inactivation of 50% of the dentifrice?s F?. And in time 120 min resulted in similar values to HMDS facilitated microdiffusion. Conclusion: The majority of eligible articles in the systematic review found an association between the age of fluoride toothpaste use and dental fluorosis, but the prevalent severity of fluorosis was very mild, ie it does not imply dental fluorosis as a public health problem. It's the method of F? extraction using 0.01M HCl, in the experimental study, was promising to be used in evaluation of F? in dietary intake and dentifrices.
Introdu??o: Fluorose dent?ria ? uma altera??o na mineraliza??o do esmalte dental relacionada ? ingest?o de fluoreto (F?). Objetivos: Investigar o impacto da adi??o de F? aos dentifr?cios na preval?ncia de fluorose dent?ria e comparar metodologias para a determina??o da concentra??o de F? em amostras de dieta e dentifr?cio. M?todos: Dois estudos foram desenvolvidos: 1) revis?o sistem?tica da literatura, realizada por dois revisores que buscaram, de forma independente, os estudos em quatro bases de dados eletr?nicas (MEDLINE/PubMed; MEDLINE/Ovid; Bireme e Web of Science). Avaliou-se a qualidade dos artigos eleg?veis pelo Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) e pela classifica??o modificada por Irani (2013); 2) experimento laboratorial que determinou a concentra??o de F- nas amostras de dieta e dentifr?cio utilizando-se dois m?todos de extra??o: microdifus?o facilitada por HMDS e hidr?lise em HCl 0,01M com tempos 30, 60 e 120 minutos de incuba??o. Para an?lise dos dados foi aplicada o teste ANOVA um crit?rio. Resultados: 1) Na revis?o sistem?tica, onze artigos foram eleg?veis, e quando aplicado o STROBE o n?mero de itens inclu?dos variou entre 14 e 19, com m?dia de 16,3 e desvio padr?o 4,03; na an?lise da classifica??o modificada por Irani (2013), dois artigos foram classificados como de alta qualidade e o restante de qualidade intermedi?ria. 2) A t?cnica de extra??o em HCl 0,01M no tempo 30 minutos resultou em valores semelhantes ao esperado pela inativa??o de 50% do F? do dentifr?cio. E o tempo de 120 minutos resultou em resultados semelhantes ? t?cnica de microdifus?o facilitada por HMDS. Conclus?o: A maoiria dos artigos eleg?veis da revis?o sistem?tica encontraram associa??o entre idade do uso do dentifr?cio fluoretado e fluorose dental, por?m a severidade prevalente da flurose foi o grau muito leve, ou seja, n?o implica considerar fluorose dental como um problema de sa?de p?blica. E o estudo laboratorial sugere que o m?todo de extra??o de F? em HCl 0,01M ? promissor para ser utilizado em trabalhos de avalia??o da ingest?o de F? pela dieta e dentifr?cios.
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Dejoie, Stéphane. "Etude phytochimique et activité biologique du produit Gencix® extrait des feuilles de papayer." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0080.
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Utilisé dans l’entretien et le soin des gencives et des dents, le produit Gencix® (SAS Esprit d’éthique) a montré, d’après les observations cliniques des dentistes, une action anti-inflammatoire et nettoyante des dents. Ce dentifrice incorpore un extrait aqueux de feuilles de papayer. Afin d’en comprendre le mécanisme d’action en termes de métabolites actifs, un fractionnement bioguidé et une étude déréplicative associant LCUV- MSn et RMN du 13C ont été menés. L’activité relevée en clinique ne semble pas liée à un effet antibiofilm. Une activité anti-inflammatoire (anti-TNF-alpha) serait liée aux flavonoïdes plus ou moins glycosylés présents dans l’extraits. Nous avons en effet pu identifier quelques-uns des actifs comme la quercétine et le kaempferol, déjà décrits comme inhibiteurs de la libération du TNF- alpha. D'autres flavonols libres ou conjugués tels que la rutine, identifiés dans les fractions actives, peuvent également contribuer à l'activité anti-inflammatoire globale. Plus notablement, au cours de ce travail, des esters des acide malique et hydroxycinnamique ont pour la première fois été associés à une activité anticalcaire, en particulier l’acide caféoylmalique. Ce dernier agit sans doute en synergie avec d’autres composés analogues. Les différents groupements acides carboxyliques et hydroxyles présents dans ces dérivés agissent vraisemblablement en complexant les ions Ca2+. Au-delà de ces résultats, ces anticalcaires nouvellement identifiés apparaissent comme des actifs « verts » (non toxiques, n’entraînant pas de bioaccumulation et biodégradables), respectueux de l'environnement. Cette activité anticalcaire remarquable a fait l’objet d’un dépôt de brevetGencix® (SAS Esprit d’Ethique) is used for the maintenance and care of gums and teeth. Clinical observations reported from dentists showed that this product-integrating anaqueous Carica papaya leaf extract- showed teeth cleaning and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to understand the mechanism of action and the role of the metabolites of the plant extract, a bioguided fractionation and a dereplicative study associating LC-UV-MSn and 13C NMR were conducted. Clinical activity does not appear to be related to an antibiofilm effect. The anti-inflammatory (anti-TNF-alpha) activity is most probably associated with glycosylated flavonoids. We have been able to identify some of the active ingredients such as quercetin and kaempferol which are already known to inhibit the release of TNF-α. Other free or conjugated flavonols such as rutin, identified in the active fractions, may also contribute to the overall anti-inflammatory activity. Most notably, esters of malic and hydroxycinnamic acids were described for the first time as scaling inhibitors, particularly caffeoyl malate. This compounds probably acts in synergy with other analog compounds. The various hydroxyl and carboxylic groups present in these compounds are probably responsible for this activity by complexing Ca2+ ions. Beyond these results, these metabolites, which are newly identified as anti-scalant, appear as "green" (i. e. non-toxic, non-bioaccumulative and biodegradable) as well as environmentally friendly. Therefore, this outstanding scaling inhibition property was subjected to patent application
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Fernandez, Constanza Estefany 1985. "Efeito de dentifrício fluoretado e aplicação profissional de fluoreto no controle de cárie de esmalte e de dentina radicular = Effect of fluoridated toothpaste and professional fluoride application on caries control in enamel and root dentine." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289271.
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Orientador: Jaime Aparecido CuryTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Dentifrício fluoretado (DF) de concentração convencional (1000-1500-ppm) é eficiente no controle da cárie de esmalte, entretanto seu efeito na cárie radicular pode não ser o mesmo devido à maior susceptibilidade da dentina à cárie. Essa diferença poderia ser compensada pelo uso diário de DF de maior concentração (DF-5000-ppm) ou da combinação da aplicação profissional de fluoreto (APF) com uso diário de DF-1100-ppm. Entretanto, além dessa comparação nunca ter sido pesquisada, a diferença do efeito entre esmalte e dentina tem sido pouco estudada num único experimento. Em acréscimo, o efeito de DF-5000-ppm na dentina radicular se limita a estudos do efeito da remineralização. O Capítulo 1 dessa tese descreve a validação do modelo de biofilme de Streptococcus mutans (SM) para estudar o efeito dose resposta de DF na redução da desmineralização (des-) do esmalte e dentina radicular. No Capítulo 2, foi avaliado in situ o efeito dose-resposta de DF e o efeito de DF-5000-ppm ou a combinação de APF com DF-1100-ppm na redução da des- e ativação da remineralização do esmalte e dentina radicular. No capítulo 1, biofilmes de SM foram crescidos sobre blocos de esmalte e dentina radicular, os quais foram expostos à sacarose 8x/dia e 2x/dia às soluções fluoretadas contendo 0, 150, 450 e 1350-ppm. Ao final do experimento, a concentração de F foi determinada nos biofilmes e nos blocos a dureza de superfície (DS) e F-solúvel em ácido (FAp). No capítulo 2, num desenho cruzado, duplo-cego de 4 fases de 14 dias cada, 18 sujeitos utilizaram dispositivo palatino contendo blocos hígidos e cariados de esmalte e de dentina radicular. Biofilme foi permitido ser acumulado sobre os blocos, os quais foram expostos à sacarose 8x/dia ou 3x/dia, nos blocos hígidos ou cariados, respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram: 1) Dentifrício-placebo (DP); 2) DF-1100; 3) DF-5000; 4) único pré-tratamento dos blocos com APF (gel acidulado, 12300-ppm) combinado com DF-1100 (APF+DF-1100). Dentifrícios foram usados 2x/dia. No fluido e porção sólida do biofilme foram determinadas as concentrações de F. Nos blocos a porcentagem de perda (%PDS) ou recuperação da DS (%RDS), nos substratos hígidos e cariados respectivamente, como também as áreas de lesão de cárie (?S). F-solúvel em álcali e ácido também foram determinadas nos blocos. Os resultados in vitro mostraram que o modelo apresentou efeito dose-resposta, havendo em função da concentração de F um aumento de F no biofilme e um aumento da concentração de FAp e decréscimo da %PDS nos blocos de esmalte-dentina. O efeito do F na redução da desmineralização no estudo in vitro foi menor na dentina do que o observado no esmalte. Os dados in situ mostraram efeito dose-resposta para a concentração de F nos dentifrícios (0;1100;5000) para a maioria das variáveis analisadas, à exceção do ?S para dentina-cariada. Na comparação dos tratamentos, APF+DF-1100 foi estatisticamente mais eficaz que DF-5000 reduzindo desmineralização e ativando a remineralização da dentina radicular. Os resultados dessa tese sugerem que o efeito de DF no controle de cárie de esmalte ou dentina é concentração dependente, sendo a combinação com APF mais relevante para dentina-radicular que para esmalte
Abstract: Fluoride dentifrice (FD) of conventional concentration (1,000-5,000 ppm) is efficient for enamel caries control; however, it is possible that their effect might not be the same for root-caries because dentine is more caries susceptible. This difference could be compensated by the daily use of high concentration FD (5,000 ppm-FD) or by the combination of professional fluoride application with daily use of 1,100 ppm-FD. Besides, this comparison has never been researched; the difference of effect between enamel and dentine has been scarcely evaluated in the same experiment. In addition, the effect of 5,000-FD has been focused essentially on root-caries remineralization. Chapter 1 of this thesis describes the validation of a Streptococcus mutans (SM) biofilm model to study the dose-response effect of FD in the reduction of demineralization (de-) on enamel and root-dentine. In Chapter 2, it was evaluated in situ the FD dose-response effect and the effect of FD-5000 ppm or the combination of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) application with DF-1100 ppm in the reduction of de- and activation of remineralization on enamel and root-dentine. In chapter 1, SM biofilms were grown on enamel and root-dentine slabs, and exposed 8x/day to sucrose and 2x/day to fluoridated solutions containing 0, 150, 450 and 13,50-ppm. At the end of the experiment, F-concentration in the biofilms was determined and surface hardness (SH) and acid-soluble-F (FAp) were assessed in the slabs. In chapter 2, in a cross-over and blind design of 4 phases of 14 days each, 18 subjects wore a palatine appliance containing sound and carious slabs of enamel and root-dentine. Biofilm was allowed to accumulate on the slabs and while the sound slabs were exposed to sucrose 8x/day the carious were exposed 3x/day. The treatment groups were: 1) F-placebo dentifrice (PD); 2)1,100-FD; 3) 5,000-FD; 4) slabs pre-treated with APF (F-gel, 12,300 ppm-F) combined with daily use of 1100-FD (APF+1,100-FD). Dentifrices were used 2x/day. The F concentration was determined in fluid and solid portions of the biofilm. In slabs, the percentage of SH loss (%SHL) or recovery (%RSH) was estimated in sound and carious slabs, respectively, as well as the caries lesion area (?S). Acid-soluble-F and alkali-soluble-F concentrations were also determined in the slabs. The in vitro results showed that the model presented a dose-response effect, with an increment of F concentration in the biofilm and an increment of FAp in function of F concentration of the treatments. Also, %SHL showed a reduction in enamel and dentine slabs according to the treatments. F effect on the reduction of demineralization was lower on dentine than that observed on enamel. The in situ data showed a dose-response effect to F concentration in the dentifrices (0;1,100;5,000) for most response variables, with the exception of ?S for carious-dentine. In the treatments comparison, APF+1100-FD was statistically more effective than 5000-FD at reducing demineralization and activating remineralization in root-dentine. The results from this thesis suggest that the FD effect in enamel and dentine caries control is concentration-dependent, and the combination with APF was more relevant to root-dentine that to enamel
Doutorado
Cariologia
Doutora em Odontologia
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Caetano, Sheila Kellen. "Obtenção de um dentifrício contendo extrato seco por aspersão padronizado de Libidibia ferrea com atividade antimicrobiana contra patógenos bucais." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4335.
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Não Informada
Libidibiaferreaknownpopularlyas “Jucá”or“pau-ferro”isused in traditional medicineto treatbruises, breathing problems, anemia anddiabetes.Pharmacological studiesdemonstrateanti-inflammatory action, anti-ulcer, antimicrobialandanticarcinogenicagainst pathogensin the oral cavity. Suchspeciesarecatalogedin the National FormularyandHerbal Medicineslistedin the National Listof Medicinal Plantsof Interestto SUS. The aim of this workis obtain a dentifriceprepared with a spray dried extract of LibidibiaferreaMartiusvar. ferreapresented antimicrobial activityagainstoral pathogens. Firstly the studies werecarried out with spraydried extractobtained from thebarkand seedless fruitofL.ferrea and it was identified theminimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) of both dried extracts evaluated. The studiesdemonstrated thatthebark spray dried extractshowed betterantimicrobial activity, being chosenfor incorporation inplasticsformulations. Thedosage formsselectedfor dry extractincorporation were gel and pastes, the proportionsof 2.5%and 5% (w/w) in the geland5% to10% (w / w) in the paste,boththe pharmaceuticalforms it was obtainedwithcarboxymethylcellulose. The antimicrobial activityof allformulations was evaluated against the strainsof Streptococcusoralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus caseiand Candidaalbicansemploying themicrodilution method. The results showedthatall formulationsoftoothpastescontainingdryextractshowedantimicrobial activity againstoral pathogensevaluated, and thisactivity was higher ingel formulationscontaining 2.5% of DEalsogreater than thedry extractwhen assessedin isolation, demonstratingpossibleactivity of somecomponentsof the formulations, which when analyzed separately, it was verified thatthesodium lauryl sulfatewasthe onlypharmaceuticaladjuvantto demonstrateantimicrobial activity by diffusion methodon solid medium, withinhibition zonesrangingfrom 12 to 28mm.Thus, the study demonstrates thatthere may be asynergism betweenpharmaceuticaladjuvant and substances present into the L. ferrea spray dried extractused in this work.
A espécie vegetal Libidibia ferrea denominada, popularmente, como Jucá ou pau-ferro é utilizada na medicina tradicional para tratamento de contusões, problemas respiratórios, anemias e diabetes. Estudos farmacológicos demonstram ação anti-inflamatória, antiúlcera, anticarcinogênica e antimicrobiana contra patógenos da cavidade bucal. A referida espécie está catalogada no Formulário Nacional de Fitoterápicos e consta na Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS. O presente trabalho refere-se à obtenção de um dentifrício a partir do extrato seco por aspersão de Libidibia ferrea Martius var.ferrea com atividade antimicrobiana contra patógenos bucais. Osensaios foram realizados a partir de extratos secos por aspersão obtidos das entrecascas dos frutos e das cascas de L. ferrea, onde foi identificada a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Os estudos realizados demonstraram que o extrato da casca apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana, sendo escolhido para incorporação nas formulações semissólidas. As formas farmacêuticas selecionadas para incorporação do extrato seco (ES) foram gel e pasta,nas proporções de 2,5% e 5% (m/m) no gele de 5% e 10% (m/m) na pasta, ambas as formas farmacêuticas obtidas à base de carboximetilcelulose. A atividade antimicrobiana de todas as formulações obtidas foi demonstrada frente às cepas de Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus caseie Candida albicans empregando-se o método da microdiluição.Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que todas as formulações dos dentifrícios,contendo o extrato seco,apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente aos patógenos bucais avaliados, sendo que esta atividade foi maior nas formulações em gelcontendo 2,5%de ES, também, maior que o extrato seco quando avaliado de forma isolada, demonstrando possível atividade de alguns componentes das formulações, que quando analisados isoladamente, foi verificado queo lauril sulfato de sódio foi o único adjuvante farmacêuticoa demonstrar atividade antimicrobiana pelo método de difusão em meio sólido, com halos de inibição variando de 12 a 28 mm. Dessa forma, o estudo demonstra que pode haver um sinergismo entre os adjuvantes farmacêuticos e as substâncias presentes no extrato seco por aspersão de L. ferrea utilizado no presente trabalho.
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Scabar, Luiz Felipe. "Validade de medidas autoaplicáveis para estimar a frequência de escovação e ingestão de água e bebidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-18042013-200659/.
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Introdução - O uso do creme dental, da escova dental, a frequência de escovação e ingestão de água e bebidas representam exposições relacionadas à saúde bucal. Essa frequência em populações tem sido estimada por meio de medidas indiretas; entretanto, a validade dessa forma de mensuração não é conhecida e há carência de instrumentos para sua mensuração em nível populacional. Objetivos - Revisar as evidências empíricas sobre a relação entre a frequência de uso de creme dental e os diferentes níveis de renda e escolaridade. Determinar a validade da medida indireta da quantidade de creme dental utilizado, do tamanho da cabeça da escova e da frequência de escovação com creme dental. Comparar uma medida autoaplicável sobre ingestão de água e bebidas por adolescentes com Recordatórios de 24 horas. Procedimentos Metodológicos - Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada utilizando-se as bases de dados Pubmed e Embase, buscando evidências empíricas sobre a relação entre a frequência de uso de creme dental e os diferentes níveis de renda e escolaridade. Uma subamostra de escolares na faixa etária de 13 a 16 anos de idade, em 2011, residentes no município de Piracicaba (SP), foi selecionada a partir de uma amostra representativa da população que participou de um estudo transversal sobre risco de obesidade em adolescentes (FAPESP 06/61085-0). Com este procedimento assegurou-se as mesmas características da amostra na subamostra de adolescentes participantes do estudo de validade. Após pré-teste dos instrumentos, um estudo de validação dividido em três momentos em intervalos de 15 dias foi conduzido com cada sujeito da pesquisa. No primeiro momento foram coletados os dados de peso/estatura, foi entregue um tubo de creme dental e também foi aferida a quantidade de creme dental habitualmente colocada na escova. No segundo momento, o tubo de creme dental usado foi recolhido e foi aferida pela segunda vez a quantidade de creme dental colocada na escova. No terceiro momento, uma medida com perguntas foi aplicada. Nos três momentos foram aplicados Recordatórios de 24 horas (R24h). Os dados obtidos a partir das perguntas contidas na medida indireta, R24h, e medidas diretas relacionadas ao consumo de creme dental foram comparados. Para isso, foram calculados os valores ponderados da estatística Kappa. Resultados - Os dados obtidos a partir das perguntas contidas na medida indireta foram comparados com as estimativas produzidas pela medida direta. Frequência de escovação correspondente a três ou mais vezes ao dia, aferida por meio da medida indireta, foi indicada por 73,7 por cento dos adolescentes, enquanto por meio da medida direta, 55,3 por cento dos adolescentes foram incluídos nessa categoria, uma estimativa 18,4 por cento menor. Por meio dos dados coletados em três R24h, verificou-se que o líquido mais ingerido entre os adolescentes foi a água, seguido respectivamente de refrigerante, leite, suco/bebida artificial, chá/café e o suco natural. Tanto para a água quanto para o refrigerante, observou-se ligeira concordância e uma nítida tendência de superestimação da ingestão aferida pela medida autoaplicável de seis itens. Conclusões - Pode-se afirmar que as evidências empíricas sustentam a hipótese de que a frequência de uso de creme dental depende do nível de escolaridade de um dos pais ou de ambos, e a maior porcentagem dos usuários de creme dental fluoretado pertence a um grupo socioeconomicamente mais favorecido. A medida indireta pode levar a uma superestimação dos valores de frequência de escovação e valores de água e bebidas ingeridas. Recomenda-se que as estimativas produzidas por medida indireta semelhante à testada neste estudo sejam consideradas com cautelaBackground - The use of toothpaste, toothbrush, toothbrushing frequency, water and beverage intake represent exposures to oral health. This frequency has been estimated at population level by means of indirect assessment instruments, however, their validity is not known, and there is a lack of instruments. Objective - To analyze the empirical evidence found on the association between the frequency of toothpaste use and the different levels of income and education; to determine the validity of indirect instruments of the amount of toothpaste used, the size of the brush head and the toothbrushing frequency using toothpaste; to compare a self-administered instrument used to measure water and beverage intake by teenagers with 24-hour dietary recalls. Methods - A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed and Embase databases looking for empirical evidence on the association between the frequency of toothpaste usage and the different levels of income and education. In 2011, a sub-sample of school teenagers between the ages of 13 to 16 years, residents in the city of Piracicaba (SP), was selected from a representative sample of the population that participated in a cross-sectional study on the risk of obesity in adolescents (FAPESP 06/61085-0). This procedure ensured the same characteristics of the sample for the sub-sample of teenagers participating in the study. After pre-testing the instruments, a validation study, divided into three time periods at 15 day intervals, was conducted with each participant. Firstly, weight and height data were collected, participants received a tube of toothpaste and the amount of toothpaste usually placed on the brush was measured. Secondly, the toothpaste tube was collected and the amount of toothpaste on the brush was measured again. Thirdly, a questionnaire was used. During these time periods, 24-hour dietary recalls were applied. Data obtained from both direct and indirect instruments were compared. To do so, the values of weighted Kappa were calculated. Results - Data provided by the questions contained in the indirect instrument were compared to those produced by the direct instrument. Frequency of toothbrushing three or more times a day calculated by an indirect instrument was referred to by 73.7 per cent of teenagers; 55.3 per cent of teenagers were included in this category using an indirect instrument (18.4 per cent lower). Data provided by the three 24-hour recalls showed that water was the most ingested liquid among teenagers, followed by milk, juice/soft drinks, tea/coffee and natural juices. For both water and soft drinks, there was a slight agreement and a significant trend for overestimation of intake calculated by a 6-item self-administered instrument. Conclusion - The empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that the frequency of toothpaste usage depends on the level of education of one parent or both, and the highest percentage of fluoride toothpaste users belong to those groups with the highest socioeconomic status. An indirect instrument can overestimate the values of toothbrushing frequency and those of water and drink intake. The estimates provided by the indirect instrument, similar to that tested in this study, should be considered with caution
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Botelho, Juliana Nunes 1983. "Cariogenicity of the combination of sucrose with starch and effect of fluoride toothpaste on enamel and dentine demineralization : Cariogenicidade da combinação de sacarose com amido e efeito de dentifrício fluoretado na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289272.
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Orientador: Jaime Aparecido CuryTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Sacarose é o carboidrato mais cariogênico da dieta e o amido é considerado não cariogênico para esmalte e moderadamente cariogênico para dentina. Por outro lado, a combinação de amido e sacarose (amido+sacarose) tem sido considerada mais cariogênica que apenas sacarose, mas esse ainda é um assunto em debate. Além do mais, o efeito do dentifrício fluoretado na cariogenicidade dessa combinação é desconhecido. Assim, com o objetivo de estudar esse assunto três experimentos foram conduzidos: (i) o primeiro avaliou efeito de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina, usando um modelo de biofilme de S. mutans modificado pela adição de saliva para simular a ação da amilase, (ii) o segundo avaliou in situ o efeito do dentifrício contendo 1.100 µg F/g (DF) na progressão da desmineralização da dentina radicular, e o terceiro (iii) avaliou in situ o efeito do fluoreto no potencial cariogênico de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. In vitro, biofilmes de S. mutans foram formados sobre blocos de esmalte e dentina radicular, por 5 e 4 dias respectivamente, em meio de cultura contendo saliva e expostos a um dos seguintes tratamentos: amido a 1%, sacarose a 10% ou de sua combinação (8x/dia). Os biofilmes foram analisados quanto às suas composições bioquímicas e microbiológicas, e a desmineralização dos blocos foi avaliada. Biofilmes expostos à combinação foram mais acidogênicos (p<0,0001) e provocaram maior desmineralização (p<0,0001) no esmalte e dentina que o efeito dos carboidratos isolados. In situ, o efeito do DF foi testado em um estudo piloto, cruzado no qual sacarose a 10% foi aplicada extraoralmente 8x/dia em 2 fases de 14 dias. Após 10 e 14 dias em cada fase, a desmineralização da dentina foi avaliada. O efeito do dentifrício foi significativo (p<0,0001), mas o efeito do tempo não (p>0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que o DF com 1.100 µg F/g é capaz de diminuir a cárie dentinária mesmo sob alto desafio cariogênico de acúmulo de biofilme e exposição à sacarose. In situ, o efeito dos tratamentos (água, amido a 2%, sacarose a 10% e amido+sacarose) e o efeito do dentifrício (não fluoretado e fluoretado) foram testados em um estudo cruzado, cego, boca-dividida em 4 fases de 14 dias. Os voluntários usaram dois dos tratamentos 8x/dia e um dos dentifrícios 3x/dia. O efeito dos fatores (dentifrício e tratamentos) foram significativos (p<0,05) para esmalte e dentina, mas a interação não (p>0,05). Os resultados sugerem que, independente do desafio cariogênico provocado pelos diferentes carboidratos da dieta testados, o dentifrício fluoretado é efetivo na redução da desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que amido deve aumentar o potencial cariogênico da sacarose mas que fluoreto de dentifrício é capaz de reduzir a desmineralização tanto do esmalte quanto da dentina provocada pela combinação desses carboidratos
Abstract: Sucrose is the most cariogenic dietary carbohydrate while starch is considered non-cariogenic for enamel and slightly cariogenic for dentine. The combination starch and sucrose (starch+sucrose) has been considered more cariogenic than sucrose alone but this subject remains debatable. Also, the effect of fluoride toothpaste on the cariogenicity of this combination is unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate: (i) the effect of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization using an S. mutans biofilm model modified by adding human saliva to simulate amylase action; (ii) the in situ effect of fluoride toothpaste (FT) containing 1100 µg F/g on dentine demineralization progression; and (iii) the in situ effect of fluoride on the cariogenic potential of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization. In vitro, S. mutans biofilms were grown on enamel and root dentine slabs for 5 and 4 days, respectively, in a saliva-containing medium and exposed to the following treatment: 1% starch; 10% sucrose; or starch+sucrose (8x/day). Biofilms were then analyzed for their biochemical and microbiological compositions, and dental demineralization was evaluated. Biofilms exposed to starch+sucrose were more acidogenic (p < 0.0001) and caused higher demineralization (p < 0.0001) on either enamel or dentine than those exposed to each carbohydrate alone. The in situ effect of FT on dentine demineralization was tested in a pilot crossover study, in which 10% sucrose was applied extra-orally to the slabs 8x/day in 2 phases of 14 days each. At days 10 and 14 of each phase, dentine demineralization was evaluated. The effect of toothpaste was significant (p<0.0001), but the effect of time was not (p>0.05). The results suggest that FT at 1100 µg F/g can reduce dentine demineralization even under high cariogenic challenges - biofilm accumulation and sugar exposure. The in situ effect of the treatments (water, 2% starch, 10% sucrose and starch+sucrose) and that of the toothpastes (non-FT and FT) were tested in a crossover, single-blind and split-mouth study conducted in 4 phases of 14 days each. The volunteers used two of the treatments 8 times/day and one of the toothpastes 3 times/day. The effect of the factors (toothpaste and treatments) was significant (p<0.05) for enamel and dentine, but not (p>0.05) for the interaction. The findings suggest that, regardless of the cariogenic challenge provoked by the different sources of the dietary sugars tested, fluoride toothpaste is effective in reducing enamel and dentine demineralization. In conclusion, the results suggest that starch may enhance the cariogenic potential of sucrose and fluoride from toothpaste reduces enamel and dentine demineralization caused by the combination of these carbohydrates
Doutorado
Cariologia
Doutora em Odontologia
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Sousa, Jossaria Pereira de. "Eficácia de um dentifrício contendo partículas clareadoras no tratamento da descoloração dentária: ensaio clínico randomizado." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6657.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-28Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and acceptability of whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine in the treatment of tooth discoloration. It is a parallel controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial which followed the guidelines published by CONSORT. Seventy-five subjects with shade mean C1 or darker for the six maxillary anterior teeth were randomized in three treatment groups (n= 25): G1- conventional fluoridated toothpaste, G2- whitening toothpaste containing a silica system and blue covarine, and G3- bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. Subjects from G1 and G2 were instructed to brush their teeth for 90 seconds, twice per day during 2 weeks. Subjects from G3 used 10% carbamide peroxide gel in a tray for 4h/night also for two weeks. Shade evaluations were done with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade® Advance) at baseline, after first application and at 2 and 4 weeks. Subjects perception about tooth color appearance was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth sensitivity (TS) and gingival irritation (GI) were measured daily using a scale ranging from 1 (no sensitivity) to 5 (severe sensitivity) during three weeks, and the acceptability of products was measured with a questionnaire that included questions about subjects opinion regarding the treatment regimen. At all evaluations periods, there was not statistical difference between G1 and G2 groups considering the CIEL*a*b* color parameters (p> 0.3) or the tooth shade means (p> 0.7). At 2-week evaluation, ΔE* value for G3 was statistically higher (9.2) than for G1 (2.3) and G2 (2.1) (p= 0.0001). G1 and G2 reported a major dissatisfaction with tooth color appearance than G3 (p= 0.0001).Tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation were reported by 12% of subjects from G2, while the same symptoms were perceived by 84% and 80% of G3. At first and second weeks of treatment, G2 experienced tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation similarly to G1 group and statistically lower than G3 (p< 0.01). It was observed a negative correlation between TS/GI and day of evaluation (r= -0.08 and r= -0.91) in G3. Within the limitations of this study, it could be concluded that the whitening toothpaste containing a silica system and blue covarine resulted in no significant changes on tooth color, as the conventional toothpaste. These groups did not show whitening effect as the group treated with 10% carbamide peroxide. However, all could be considered safe and acceptable to be used daily for a short term.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia, segurança e aceitabilidade de um dentifrício branqueador contendo partículas azuis no tratamento da descoloração dentária. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego controlado e paralelo, cujo delineamento seguiu o guia publicado pelo CONSORT. Setenta e cinco participantes com média de cor C1 ou mais escura para os seis dentes ântero-superiores foram randomizados em três grupos de tratamento (n=25): G1- dentifrício fluoretado convencional, G2- dentifrício branqueador contendo um sistema de sílica e partículas azuis, e G3- clareamento dentário com peróxido de carbamida a 10%. Os participantes dos grupos G1 e G2 foram instruídos a escovarem seus dentes por 90 segundos, duas vezes ao dia durante duas semanas. Os participantes do grupo G3 usaram o gel clareador peróxido de carbamida a 10% em moldeira personalizada 4h/noite também por duas semanas. Avaliações de cor dentária foram realizadas por meio de espectrofotômetro digital (Vita Easyshade® Advance) nos tempos baseline, após primeira aplicação e com duas e quatro semanas. A percepção estética dos participantes quanto à aparência da cor dentária foi avaliada por meio de escala analógica visual (EAV). Sensibilidade dentinária (SD) e Irritação Gengival (IG) foram mensuradas usando uma escala que variou de 1 (nenhuma sensibilidade) a 5 (severa sensibilidade) durante três semanas, e a aceitabilidade dos produtos foi avaliada com um questionário o qual incluiu questões sobre a opinião dos participantes quanto aos regimes de tratamento propostos. Em todos os períodos de avaliação não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos G1 e G2, considerando os parâmetros de cor do CIEL*a*B* (p> 0,3) e as medidas de cor da escala Vita (p>0,7). Na segunda semana de avaliação, o valor de ΔE* para o G3 foi estatisticamente maior (9,2) do que para o G1 (2,3) ou para G2 (2.1) (p=0,0001). Sensibilidade dentinária e irritação foram reportadas por 12% dos participantes do G2, enquanto os mesmos sintomas foram percebidos por 84% e 80% do G3. Na primeira e segunda semana de tratamento, G2 apresentou sensibilidade gengival e irritação gengival similares ao grupo G1 e estatisticamente menores que o G3 (p< 0,01). Observou-se uma correlação negativa entre SD/IG e dia de avaliação (r= -0,08 e r= -0,91) no grupo G3. Dentro das limitações desse estudo, pôde-se concluir que o dentifrício branqueador contendo um sistema de sílica e partículas azuis resultou em nenhuma mudança significante na cor dentária, assim como o dentifrício convencional. Tais grupos não mostraram efeito clareador como o grupo tratado com peróxido de carbamida a 10%. Entretanto, todos foram considerados seguros e aceitáveis para serem utilizados diariamente em um curto período de tempo.
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Silva, Franklin Barbosa da. "Avaliação da efetividade da escovação supervisionada com dentifrício fluoretado na promoção de saúde bucal em escolares residentes em comunidades ribeirinhas do Estado do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas - Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4536.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program to promote oral health on caries control of adolescents in riverine communities in the Amazonas State. This is a prospective longitudinal experimental study, whose interventions were allocated for population groups (schools) and the outcome was measured at the individual level. The test interventions were based: education for oral health and daily tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste, supervised by teachers on a school routine. The control intervention included oral health education and periodic distribution of toothbrushes and fluoride toothpaste. The schools were divided into test and control groups, and the data were collected before (baseline) and six months after the beginning of the interventions. There were included students in the age group of 15 to 19 years enrolled in state schools in the city of Careiro da Várzea / AM. For outcome evaluation, the clinical variables collected were: Nyvad criteria for caries activity evaluation, bleeding index and plaque index; being complemented by a socioeconomic questionnaire. Clinical examination and data collection were performed by a previously calibrated dentist [Kappa Coefficient for Nyvad criteria: k = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69 to 0.76)]. The associations between the outcome (caries activity) and clinical and socioeconomic variables were tested in multivariate logistic regression, estimating the brute and adjusted odds ratio. After six months of interventions, 51.7% of the non-cavitated active lesions in the test group and 37.8% of these lesions in the control group became inactive or health surfaces. Individuals in the control group had 1.93 (95% CI: 1.07 to 3.49) more chance to have no improvement in caries activity than the individuals in the test group (p=0.0289). Demonstrating that daily supervised brushing with fluoride toothpaste (test intervention) was more effective than the simple distribution of toothbrushes and fluoride toothpaste (control intervention) in the caries control.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efetividade de um programa de promoção de saúde bucal, no controle da cárie em adolescentes de comunidades ribeirinhas no Estado do Amazonas. Trata-se de um estudo experimental longitudinal prospectivo, cujas intervenções foram alocadas para grupos populacionais (escolas) e o desfecho foi mensurado no nível individual. A intervenção teste teve como base: educação para saúde bucal e escovação diária com dentifrício fluoretado, supervisionada por professores, numa rotina escolar. A intervenção controle incluiu: educação para saúde bucal e distribuição periódica de escovas e dentifrício fluoretado. As escolas foram alocadas em grupos teste e controle, e os dados foram coletados antes (baseline) e seis meses após o início das intervenções. Foram incluídos alunos na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos regularmente matriculados nas escolas estaduais do Município de Careiro da Várzea/AM. Para avaliação do desfecho, as variáveis clínicas coletadas foram: critério Nyvad para avaliação da atividade de cárie, índice de sangramento gengival e índice de placa; sendo complementadas com o preenchimento de questionário socioeconômico. Os exames clínicos e a coleta dos dados foram realizados por um cirurgião-dentista calibrado previamente [Coeficiente Kappa para o critério Nyvad: k=0.72 (IC95%: 0,69-0,76)]. As associações entre o desfecho (atividade de cárie) e as variáveis clínicas e socioeconômicas foram testadas na análise de regressão logística múltipla, estimando-se os odds ratio, brutos e ajustados. Após seis meses de intervenção, 51,7% das lesões não cavitadas ativas no grupo teste, e 37,8% destas lesões no grupo controle, se tornaram inativas ou superfícies sadias. Os indivíduos do grupo controle apresentaram 1,93 (IC95%: 1,07-3,49) vezes mais chance de não melhora, para a atividade de cárie, que os indivíduos do grupo teste (p=0,0289), demonstrando que a escovação supervisionada diária com dentifrício fluoretado (intervenção teste) foi mais efetiva que a simples distribuição de escovas e de dentifrícios fluoretados (intervenção controle) no controle da doença cárie.
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Trovão, Tiago Miguel Martins. "Eficácia in vitro de dois veículos de administração tópica de nisina a Enterococci isolados de cães com doença periodontal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14038.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA doença periodontal (DP) é uma das doenças mais frequentes no cão, afetando 80 a 85% dos animais com mais de dois anos. É uma doença inflamatória crónica de etiologia multifatorial, inicia-se com o desenvolvimento de placa bacteriana que origina uma reação inflamatória do organismo, que conduz às alterações que ocorrem na gengiva e no periodonto. O Enterococcus spp. é um microrganismo frequentemente isolado a partir da cavidade oral do cão, sendo comensal do trato gastrointestinal e estanto associado a complicações sistémicas enquanto oportunista. Uma possível estratégia para prevenir e tratar a DP é a utilização de péptidos antimicrobianos (PAM) como a nisina, um composto com atividade antimicrobiana contra microrganismos gram-positivos e aprovado como aditivo alimentar (E234). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a nisina A (2,5%) mantêm a sua atividade antimicrobiana quando incorporada em dois veículos de administração. Para tal, a atividade inibitória da nisina incorporada em pasta dentífrica e gel de goma de guar foi testada numa coleção de 46 Enterococcus spp., obtidos a partir de cães com DP. O potencial da pasta dentífrica foi avaliado através de uma técnica de difusão em poço com a medição dos diâmetros dos halos de inibição de multiplicação bacteriana. A combinação de nisina com gel goma de guar foi avaliada através da determinação da concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) e da concentração mínima bactericida (CMB). Em suma, a avaliação da nisina como composto inibitório de Enterococcus spp. mostrou resultados muito promissores, uma vez que este PAM manteve a sua atividade antimicrobiana quando incorporado em qualquer um dos dois veículos de administração testados. A pasta dentífrica, demonstrou ser capaz de inibir a multiplicação de 4 dos 46 isolados (8,7 %) mesmo não estando suplementada com nisina; quando suplementada, teve a capacidade de inibir 42 dos 46 isolados (91,3 %). A solução de nisina e gel de goma de guar, apresentou uma CMI média de 0,9 mg/mL e CMB média de 2,3 mg/mL, demonstrando que a solução é eficaz em concentrações clinicamente alcançáveis. As doses de nisina correspondentes às concentrações testadas e com eficácia comprovada neste estudo são consideravelmente mais baixas que a dose diária aceitável (DDA) de 0 – 2 mg/Kg, estabelecida pela WHO.
ABSTRACT - In vitro efficacy of two topical delivery systems of nisin to Enterococci isolated from dogs with periodontal disease - Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most frequent diseases in dogs, affecting 80 to 85% of the animals older than 2 years of age. It is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial aetiology, being promoted by the development of a bacterial plaque that causes an inflammatory reaction that leads to the alterations in the gingiva and periodontum. Enterococcus spp. is a microorganism frequently present in the oral cavity of dogs, being a commensal microorganism of the gastrointestinal tract, and being associated with systemic complications as an oportunistic bacteria. A possible strategy to prevent and treat PD is to use antimicrobial peptides such as nisin, an approved food preservative (E234) with antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate if nisin A (2,5%) maintains its antimicrobial activity when incorporated in two delivery systems. The inhibitory activity of nisin incorporated into a veterinary toothpaste and in guar gum gel was tested against 46 Enterococcus spp. collected from dogs with PD. The potential of the veterinary toothpaste to be used as a delivery system was evaluated by a well diffusion assay measuring inhibition halos diameters caused by the different solutions. The inhibitory potential of nisin incorporated in guar gum gel was assessed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). To summarize, nisin shows very promising results maintaining its antimicrobial activity when incorporated in either of the two delivery systems tested. The veterinary toothpaste by itself was capable of inhibiting the growth of 4 of the 46 isolates (8,7%) but when supplemented with nisin its inhibitory capabilities increased, being able to inhibit 42 out of the 46 isolates (91,3 %). Nisin retained its effectiveness when diluted in guar gum gel with a mean MIC value of 0,9 mg/mL and a mean MBC value of 2,3 mg/mL. This proves this solution is effective in clinical achievable concentrations. The nisin dosages corresponding to the tested concentrations, and proved effective, are much lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI), 0 – 2 mg/Kg, set by the WHO.
N/A
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Bryniarska, Eva. "A study to determine the effects of calcium based toothpastes in orthodontic patients." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/9693/.
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Aims: To measure demineralisation/remineralisation of sub-surface caries-like lesions placed in situ on an orthodontic appliance and treated with Tooth Mousse™ (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Objectives: To assess the degree of change in mineralisation of subsurface lesions following the application of Tooth Mousse™ with Transverse Microradiography (TMR) as volume mineral loss (ΔZ), lesion depth and lesion width. Null Hypothesis: This study will test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the remineralising abilities of Tooth Mousse™ used alongside normal fluoride toothpastes in orthodontic patients. Design: This was a randomised cross-over in situ study. Ethical Approval Ethical approval was sought and obtained from the National Research Ethics service (NRES) and the NHS Research and Development Offices. This study was given the REC reference number: 10/H1005/85. Setting The Oral Health Research laboratories and The Orthodontic Clinic. Liverpool University Dental Hospital. Sample Size: The sample size was calculated on the primary outcome of mineral loss (vol%μm). Data were used from a previous study (Benson 2009) using the Transverse Microradiography (TMR) technique, the residual standard deviation was estimated at 189 vol%μm . Four Latin square blocks, with a total of 12 participants, would allow detection of pairwise differences between groups of 300 vol%μm, with 90% power, at the 5% confidence level. To allow for possible dropout, a fifth block was added giving a total of 15 participants. Participant selection: Inclusion criteria; a. Age 12 to 16 years. b. Had adequate space between the lower 2nd premolar region and lower 1st molar region in order to provide space to place the carrier on the archwire. c. Subjects were in good health. Exclusion criteria; a. The subjects were allergic to milk products. b. The subjects had taken antibiotics in the last 2 months. Randomisation: Randomisation was generated in blocks of 3, from random number tables by a statistician who was not involved in the recruitment or allocation of the interventions. The method of randomisation was by envelope concealment. The patients were randomly allocated to one of three possible orders of intervention; A, B, C; B, C, A or C, A, B. Interventions: Each participant received the three pastes in random order determined by a Latin square design in blocks of 3. A. A normal fluoride toothpaste (1450ppm). B. A normal fluoride toothpaste (1450ppm) and topically applied Tooth Mousse™ Plus toothpaste, which incorporates CPP-ACP and fluoride (900ppm) to the carrier only. C. A normal fluoride toothpaste and topically applied Tooth Mousse™ to be applied to the carrier only. Blinding: Blinding of the participants was only possible with the Tooth Mousse™ and the Tooth Mousse™ Plus. The tubes were covered in insulation tape. The samples were recoded prior to being sectioned and analysed so the principal investigator was blind to the subject and intervention. Following TMR analysis the coding was revealed. Samples: Following consent a previously prepared demineralised human premolar enamel sample that had been sterilised was placed in a carrier, which was then attached to the archwire. The carrier was a modified version of a carrier used in previous clinical studies (Benson 2000) and consisted of a stainless steel attachment. Base-line TMR analysis had been carried out to determine the degree of demineralisation of the enamel samples. Method: Each participant was provided with the intervention and a toothbrush and was asked to brush their teeth for two minutes twice a day with a pea sized amount for a 4-week period. The participants were asked not to use any other toothpaste or mouth rinses during the 4-week period. For example; Treatment A paste is given to the subject 1 and instructed to use it for 4 weeks. At the four-week appointment a routine orthodontic appointment was carried out and the carrier with the enamel sample was removed from the mouth and taken to the laboratory for TMR analysis. Subject 1 was then instructed to continue with their normal oral hygiene procedures in the following 4 weeks. This was the washout period. Subject 1 then returned for another routine orthodontic appointment and insertion of a new enamel sample in a carrier. The subject was given treatment B paste to use for 4 weeks. This continued until the subject had used all the treatment pastes. The minimum length of time each participant was involved in the study was 20 weeks, including the washout periods. Outcome measures The main outcome measure was the difference in mineral loss/gain between the control specimens and the specimens used in the participants. Analysis of mineral content profiles, three parameters were obtained; mineral loss ΔZ (vol%μm) lesion depth Ld (μm) and lesion width Lw (μm). From these, the data were normalised and a percentage changes in mineral loss, lesion depth and lesion width were calculated. This was completed by dividing the sample value by the control value and multiplying by 100 (Strang et al 1987). Statistical analysis The data from TMR analyses were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v. 20, Chicago, Illinois, USA) and tested for normality using frequency histograms. Hypothesis testing was carried out using a 3-way ANOVA. A Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for the quantity of Tooth Mousse™ versus the percentage change in mineralisation. Results 1. TMR analysis revealed that there was no significant effect on the percentage change in mineral loss for the intervention (p=0.278), the order in which they received the intervention (p=0.625) or for each subject (p=0.66). There was no significant effect on the lesion depth for the intervention (p=0.184), the order (p=0.474) or the subject (p=0.957). There was also no significant effect on the lesion depth for the intervention (p=0.553), the order (p=0.582) or the subject (p=0.977). 2. There was large individual variability, with large ranges and no association between intervention and degree of mineral loss. 3. There was no correlation between the amount of mineral loss and the amount of Tooth Mousse™ or Tooth Mousse™ Plus used (r=0.144). 4. 22% of the samples were lost. Conclusion There were large intra-subject and inter-subject ranges with no association between intervention and degree of mineral loss or gain. There was no significant difference between the three interventions on mineral gain or loss. A large number of samples were lost to analysis and this could have had a large effect on the results. In this study the null hypothesis that there was no difference between the remineralising abilities of Tooth Mousse™ with normal fluoride toothpastes in orthodontic patients could not be rejected. Based on the results of this study, orthodontic patients are at risk of enamel demineralisation during treatment and attentiveness by the clinician should be maintained at all times. The aims of this study have been met, however, further improvements of the in situ method are required and a movement towards in vivo method is needed in order to advance our knowledge of the remineralising potential of this group of agents. Implications Following this study, future research should concentrate on developing the in situ model such that it is as representative as far as possible to the in vivo method. The work completed in this study should form the basis for subsequent investigation. This in situ model is as close a representation as possible to the in vivo model, however it cannot fully replicate the in vivo model, which could also have had an impact on the results. In order to assess the full remineralising efficacy of casein phosphopeptide, development of the in situ model is recommended. The other possibility is to move to an in vivo model, which would require a non-destructive method of measuring demineralisation such as QLF.
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Al-Kandari, Jarrah Jamal Ali Mohammad. "Evaluation of the remineralisation of enamel by different formulations and concentrations of fluoride toothpastes in vitro." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18297/.
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Aims: To investigate the remineralising potential of toothpastes with different formulations of fluoride (F): amine fluoride (AmF), sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP), sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF) on artificial subsurface caries lesions in vitro. A secondary aim was to investigate the remineralising potential of toothpastes containing sodium fluoride (NaF) formulation at different F concentrations (500, 1000, 1450, 2800 and 5000 ppm F) on artificial subsurface caries lesions in vitro. Materials and methods: Bovine enamel slabs were subjected to a pH cycling model after 2 weeks of immersion in a demineralisation buffer, to produce subsurface enamel lesions. The pH cycling regime ran for 28 days. Enamel subsurface lesion images were taken using a Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) system under controlled conditions at baseline and endpoint of the experiment. All fluorescence images were examined with analysing software (QA2 version 1.16; Inspektor Research Systems). Results: For the different F compounds, significant (p < 0.05) remineralising potential was observed for the NaF, SnF and MFP groups in descending order. Lesion remineralisation for the AmF and F-free groups was not significant. As for the different fluoride concentrations, all fluoride concentrations showed significant (p < 0.05) remineralisation potential when compared to the 0 ppm F control group, but no significance was found between groups. Conclusions: From the results of phase A of this in vitro study, it was concluded that: A statistically significant remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions in comparison with the baseline was found in all groups except the AmF group. Furthermore, NaF toothpaste had the highest remineralising potential on artificial subsurface carious lesions in vitro, followed by SnF then MFP, while AmF was less than the F-free toothpaste. The results of phase B of this in vitro study, concluded that: A statistically significant remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions in comparison with the baseline was found in all groups. However, there was no difference in the effect of toothpastes with sodium fluoride (NaF) formulation and different concentrations (500, 1000, 1450, 2800, and 5000 ppm F) on remineralisation of artificial subsurface carious lesions in vitro, and no apparent dose response was present related to the concentration of fluoride.
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Vieira, Gustavo Henrique Apolinario. "AvaliaÃÃo in vitro do efeito da escovaÃÃo com dentifrÃcios clareadores sobre a superfÃcie dentinÃria." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7794.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
A escovaÃÃo tem um papel importante na etiologia da hipersensibilidade dentinÃria. AbrasÃo pode estar relacionada a abrasivos contidos nos dentifrÃcios. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar por perfilometria mecÃnica o efeito da abrasÃo da escovaÃÃo com dentifrÃcios clareadores e convencionais na dentina radicular. Noventa espÃcimes de dentina (4 x 4 x 2mm) foram aleatoriamente divididos em cinco grupos experimentais (n=18) de acordo com os dentifrÃcios: trÃs clareadores (W1, W2, e W3) e dois convencionais (C1 e C2), produzidos por dois fabricantes distintos. Utilizando uma mÃquina de escovaÃÃo, cada espÃcime foi escovado com carga constante de 300g por 2500 ciclos (4,5 ciclos por segundo). Os dentifrÃcios foram diluÃdos na proporÃÃo de 1:3 em peso (dentifrÃcio/saliva artificial). A ponta diamantada do perfilÃmetro moveu-se em velocidade constante de 0,05mm/s com forca de 0,7mN. O valor mÃdio das leituras da abrasÃo da escovaÃÃo (μm; mÃdia  desvio padrÃo) foi obtido de cinco leituras consecutivas em cada espÃcime: W1 = 8,86  1,58, W2 = 8,27  2,39, W3 = 7,59  1,04, C1 = 2,94  1,29 C2 = 2,89  1,05. Houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre os grupos (ANOVA - p<0.0001). O teste de Tukey para mÃltiplas comparaÃÃes mostrou diferenÃas entre todos os dentÃfricios clareadores e os convencionais, mas nÃo entre os clareadores e os convencionais entre si. DentifrÃcios clareadores podem causar mais abrasÃo na dentina do que os convencionais.
Toothbrushing abrasion has an important role in the etiology of dentine hypersensitivity. The abrasion may be related to the abrasivity of the toothpaste. The aim of this study was to compare by mechanical profilometry the effect of toothbrushing abrasion with whitening and regular toothpastes on root dentine. Ninety dentine specimens (4x4x2 mm) were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n=18) according to the toothpaste: three whitening (W1, W2 and W3) and two regular toothpastes (C1 and C2), produced by two different manufacturers. Using a brushing machine, each specimen was brushed with constant load of 300g for 2500 cycles (4.5 cycles/second). The toothpastes were diluted at a ratio of 1:3 w/w (dentifrice/distilled water). The brush diamond tip of the profilometer moved at a constant speed of 0.05 mm/s with a force of 0.7 mN. The average reading value of brushing abrasion (μm; mean  standard deviation) was obtained from five consecutive measurements of each specimen: W1 = 8.86  1.58, W2 = 8.27  2.39, W3 = 7.59  1.04, R1 = 2.94  1.29 and R2 = 2.89  1.05. There was a significant difference between groups (ANOVA - p<0.0001). Post-hoc Tukey test for multiple comparison showed differences between all the whitening toothpastes and the regular ones, but not among the whitening or the regular against each other. Whitening toothpastes can cause more dentine abrasion than the regular ones.
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Azevedo, Sara Emídio. "A saúde oral em dentição infantil." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5072.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaObjectivo: perceber quais os hábitos e conhecimentos de pais de crianças até 36 meses de idade, relativamente à saúde oral dos filhos e, fornecer-lhes as ferramentas necessárias para que possam reunir as condições adequadas para o correcto crescimento, desenvolvimento e funcionamento da sua cavidade oral. Métodos: foi desenvolvido um estudo piloto observacional descritivo, aplicado aos pais, a frequentar a IPSS – Centro Social de Esgueira, da cidade de Aveiro, freguesia de Esgueira. A amostra total é constituída por 73 participantes. A colheita de dados foi efectuada através de um inquérito, que serviu de base à realização de uma pequena palestra. Os dados recolhidos, foram introduzidos numa folha de cálculo do Microsoft Office Excel 2007 para Windows (Microsoft®), a partir da qual foi realizada a análise estatística descritiva. Os testes de Qui-quadrado foram substituídos pelos testes de Exacto de Fisher, efectuados no programa “OpenEpi”, disponível em
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Ratti, Alhethea 1981. "Validação de um modelo de ciclagens de pH para avaliação do potencial anticárie de dentifrício de alta concentração de flúor em dentina radicular." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290566.
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Orientador: Cínthia Pereira Machado TabchouryDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Considerando que dentifrícios de alta concentração de flúor (F) têm sido recomendados para reversão de lesões cariosas radiculares e que inexiste um modelo in vitro de ciclagens de pH que mostre efeito dose-resposta desses dentifrícios em dentina radicular, o objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de ciclagens de pH para avaliação do potencial anticárie de dentifrício de alta concentração de F na inibição à desmineralização de dentina radicular. Foi realizado um estudo in vitro de ciclagens de pH por meio de dois experimentos. As unidades experimentais foram blocos de dentina bovina hígida, selecionados a partir dos valores de dureza de superfície. O regime de ciclagens de pH teve duração de 10 dias, e os blocos dentais foram mantidos diariamente por 6 h na solução desmineralizante e aproximadamente 18 h na solução remineralizante a 37?C. No primeiro experimento, para validação do modelo quanto ao efeito dose resposta ao F, soluções fluoretadas nas concentrações de 0, 50, 150, 450 e 1350 ?g F/mL foram utilizadas, simulando a diluição de dentifrícios fluoretados de baixa, alta e concentração convencional de F na saliva durante a escovação. Duas vezes por dia, antes e após a imersão na solução desmineralizante, os blocos dentais foram mantidos sob agitação por 5 min em temperatura ambiente nas soluções de tratamento descritas acima. O potencial anticárie do dentifrício de alta concentração de F foi avaliado em um segundo experimento, usando o modelo testado nas mesmas condições anteriormente descritas. Blocos dentais foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos de tratamento: dentifrício não fluoretado (DNF; controle negativo) e dentifrícios fluoretados comerciais contendo 500, 1100 e 5000 ?g de F/g. Todos os dentifrícios apresentavam a mesma formulação (NaF e sílica) e foram utilizados 2 vezes por dia na forma de suspensão na proporção 1:3 (dentifrício/água purificada). No primeiro experimento, as médias e desvios-padrão dos valores de área de lesão (?S; kg/mm2 x ?m; n=15) para os grupos tratados com água purificada e soluções contendo 50, 150, 450 e 1350 ?g F/mL foram respectivamente 1320,6± 298,6a; 1022,8 ± 317,7b; 748,9± 240,9b; 466,8 ± 246,3c e 163,1 ± 117,1d kg/mm2 x ?m. Quanto à concentração de F total na dentina (F total; ?g F/cm2; n=8), foram observados valores crescentes quanto maior a concentração de F nas soluções de tratamento (17,7 ± 3,6a; 27,3 ± 3,4ab; 33,1 ± 5,7bc; 41,3 ± 8,0cd e 52,6 ± 15,2d ?g F/cm2). No segundo experimento, as médias dos valores de ?S (n=12) para os grupos tratados com DNF, 500, 1100 e 5000 ?g F/g foram respectivamente 1328,1 ± 450,9a; 761,6 ± 308,8b; 705,6 ± 243,9b e 234,2 ± 198,0c kg/mm2 x ?m. Quanto à análise de F total na dentina no 2o experimento (n=8), as médias foram 10,2 ± 2,0a; 29,4 ± 6,4b; 34,3 ± 7,5b e 49,1 ± 7,3c ?g F/cm2. Conclui-se que o modelo in vitro de ciclagens de pH desenvolvido utilizando dentina radicular bovina apresentou efeito dose-resposta ao F e também foi capaz de avaliar o potencial anticárie de dentifrício de alta concentração de F
Abstract: Considering high-F toothpaste have been recommended for reversal of root caries lesions and the lack of an in vitro model of pH-cycling showing dose-response effect for high-fluoride (F) toothpastes in root dentin, the objective of this study was to develop a pH cycling model for assessing the potential of high-F toothpaste on the inhibition of root dentin demineralization. An in vitro study using a pH-cycling regimen was conducted in two experiments. The experimental units were blocks of bovine dentin, which were selected from the surface hardness values. The pH-cycling regimen lasted for 10 days, and the dentin blocks were kept for 6 h in a demineralizing solution and approximately 18 h in a remineralizing solution at 37°C each day. In the first experiment, F solutions at the concentrations of 0, 50, 150, 450 and 1350 ?g F/mL were used to validate the model with regard to the dose-response effect to fluoride. Twice daily, before and after the immersion in the demineralizing solution, the dental blocks were kept under agitation for 5 min at room temperature in treatment solutions described above. The anti-caries potential of a high-F dentifrice was evaluated in a second experiment, using the model tested under the same conditions previously described. Dentin blocks were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: non-fluoride toothpaste (negative control) and fluoride toothpastes containing 500, 1100 and 5000 ?g F/g. All toothpastes had the same formulation (NaF and silica) and were used twice daily as a suspension in the ratio 1:3 (dentifrice/purified water). In the first experiment, the mean values of lesion area (?S; kg/mm2 x ?m; n=15) for the groups treated with purified water and solutions containing 50, 150, 450 and 1350 mg F / mL were respectively 1320.6 ± 298.6a; 1022.8 ± 317.7b, 748.9 ± 240.9b, 466.8 ± 246.3c and 163.1 ± 117.1d kg/mm2 x ?m. For total F concentration in dentin (?g F/cm2; n=8), higher values were observed as the concentration of F in treatment solutions increased (17.4 ± 3.6a; 27.3 ± 3.4ab; 33.1 ± 5.7bc; 41.3 ± 8.0cd and 52.6 ± 15.2d ?g F/cm2). In the second experiment, the mean values of ?S (n=12) for the groups treated with non-fluoride toothpaste, 500, 1100 and 5000 ?g F/g were respectively 1328.1 ± 450.9a; 761.6 ± 308.8b; 705.6 ± 243.9b and 234.2 ± 198.0c. In the analysis of total F present in dentin (n=8) in the second experiment, the mean values were 10.2 ± 2.0a; 29.4 ± 6.4b; 34.3 ± 7.5b and 49.1 ± 7.3c. We conclude that the in vitro model developed using pH-cycling in bovine root dentine showed a dose-response effect for fluoride and was also able to assess the anticaries potential of high-fluoride toothpastes
Mestrado
Cariologia
Mestra em Odontologia
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Jurema, Ana Luiza Barbosa [UNESP]. "Eficácia de agentes clareadores de venda livre associados ou não ao clareamento com Peróxido de Carbamida a 10 por cento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148637.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a cor, fluorescência, e microdureza de agentes clareadores de venda livre associados ou não ao clareamento com Peróxido de Carbamida a 10% (PC10%) e comparar sua eficácia ao do clareamento caseiro com gel de PC10%. Duzentos e dez espécimes de esmalte e dentina foram obtidos a partir de incisivos bovinos e manchados em caldo de manchamento durante 14 dias. Foram randomizados em dois grupos, um deles foi clareado previamente com Peróxido de Carbamida a 10% (PC) e o outro não. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 7 subgrupos de acordo com o produto (n = 15): PC-Lis e Lis– enxaguatório clareador (Listerine Whitening); PC-AG e AG – água deionizada; PC-E e E– escovação mecânica. PC-EConv e EConv – creme dental convencional (Colgate Total Clean Mint); PC-EPerox e EPerox (Colgate Luminous White Advanced); PC-EAbras e EAbras (Oral-B 3D White Luxe); e PC-EOpt e EOpt (Close Up Diamond Attraction) – dentifrícios clareadores. O grupo clareado com PC10% foi submetido a 14 dias de ciclos diários de clareamento caseiro associado aos tratamentos com agentes de venda livre. Após isso, todos os subgrupos passaram por ciclos de escovação ou enxágue durante 12 semanas. As medidas de cor, fluorescência e microdureza foram realizadas após o manchamento, após o clareamento com PC10% e após as 12 semanas dos tratamentos com os agentes clareadores de venda livre. Os dados de cor foram analisados pelo teste de análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey de comparações múltiplas. Para fluorescência e microdureza foi utilizado o teste Tukey no grupo clareado com PC10%, e teste t-pareado para o outro grupo. Na comparação dos produtos com o PC10%, foi utilizado o teste de Dunnet. Para o grupo clareado com PC10% os resultados foram: valores do ΔEab* e Δb* foram semelhantes após o clareamento com PC10%, após 12 semanas PC-Lis e PC-AG apresentaram os menores valores de ΔEab* e PC-Lis, PC-AG e PC-E apresentaram maiores valores de Δb; A fluorescência aumentou para todos os grupos e após 12 semanas, diminuiu significativamente para PC-AG e PC-E. Para a dureza não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os subgrupos. Para o grupo não clareado com PC10%: Lis, EConv, EPerox, EOpt, e EAbras apresentaram valores negativos para Δb, mostrando eficácia clareadora significantemente maior que AG e E; após 12 semanas a microdureza do subgrupo EConv aumentou; a fluorescência aumentou para Lis, EConv, EPerox, EAbras e EOpt. Nenhum dos agentes clareadores de venda livre apresentou valores semelhantes ao clareamento com PC10%. Pode-se concluir que todos dentifrícios testados são capazes de manter o clareamento obtido pelo PC10%, já o enxaguatório não teve a mesma eficácia. Quando não associados ao clareamento com PC10% os agentes clareadores de venda livre promovem efeito clareador similar, mas não promovem o mesmo efeito do PC10%.
The aim of this study was to evaluate color change, fluorescence and microhardness of different over-the-counter (OTC) whitening products, and to compare them with 10% carbamide peroxide (10%CP) gel. Two hundreds and ten enamel-dentin specimens were obtained from bovine incisors and stained in staining broth for 14 days, then randomly divided into 2 groups, one of them was bleached with 10%CP and the other was not bleached. Each group was divided into 7 subgroups according to type of product (n = 15): PC-Lis and Lis– whitening mouth rinse (Listerine Whitening); PC-AG and AG – deionized water; PC-E and E– mechanical brushing. PC-EConv and EConv – conventional dentifrice (Colgate Total Clean Mint); PC-EPerox and EPerox (Colgate Luminous White Advanced); PC-EAbras and Eabras (Oral-B 3D White Luxe); and PC-EOpt and EOpt (Close Up Diamond Attraction) – whitening dentifrices. Bleached groups were submitted to daily cycles of at-home bleaching associated with OTC whitening products. Then, all subgroups were submitted to cycles of whitening of OTC whitening products. Color, fluorescence and microhardness were measured after staining and after bleaching with 10%CP and after 12 weeks of whitening treatment with OTC products. Color data was submitted for analysis of variance and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons, for microhardness and fluorescence, Tukey’s test was used for bleached groups and paired t-test was used for non-bleached group. In comparison of OTC whitening agents with 10%CP bleaching was used Dunnet’s test. Results for bleached group: ΔEab* and Δb* values was similar after 10%CP bleaching; after 12 weeks PC-Lis e PC-AG presented lower values of ΔEab* and PC-Lis, PC-AG and PC-E presented lower values of Δb*; fluorescence increased for all groups after 10%CP treatment and after 12 weeks, decreased significantly for PC-AG and PC-E. For microhardness there were not statistical differences between subgroups. For non-bleached group: Lis, EConv, EPerox, EOpt, and EAbras presented negative Δb* values, showing bleaching efficacy significantly higher than AG and E. After 12 weeks EConv microhardness values was increased and fluorescence was increased for Lis, EConv, EPerox, EAbras and EOpt. None of the OTC agents presented a whitening effect similar to 10%CP. It is concluded that all dentifrices tested were able to preserve bleaching obtained with 10%CP, the mouth rinse did not present the same efficacy. When they were not associated with 10%CP, they promoted a similar whitening effect. Despite this, OTC whitening agents did not present a similar whitening effect compared to at-home bleaching with 10%CP.
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Silva, Diana Sofia Almeida Ribeiro da. "Quantificação do dentífrico fluoretado utilizado por crianças na escovagem dentária." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5122.
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Silva, Márjully Eduardo Rodrigues da. "Efeito de dentifrício fluoretado contendo hexametafosfato de sódio na erosão inicial do esmalte /." Araçatuba, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182307.
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Orientador: Denise PedriniCoorientador: Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delben
Banca: Cristiane Duque
Banca: Robson Frederico Cunha
Banca: Carla Oliveira Favretto
Banca: Mariana Emi Nagata
Resumo: Este estudo in vitro avaliou o efeito de dentifrício fluoretado (F) contendo ou não hexametafosfato de sódio (HMP) em inibir ou reparar a erosão inicial do esmalte. Blocos de esmalte bovino hígido (n=48) e desmineralizado (n=48) foram selecionados por dureza superficial inicial e submetidos a 4 grupos experimentais (12 blocos/grupo): Placebo (sem F e HMP), 1100 ppm F, 1% HMP e 1100 ppm F + 1% HMP. Para a análise do efeito protetor, os blocos de esmalte hígido foram imersos uma única vez em solução de dentifrícios com saliva humana por 2 minutos. Em seguida, os blocos foram submetidos a 4 desafios erosivos com ácido cítrico (0,75%, pH 3,5) por 1 minuto, sob agitação. A percentagem de variação da dureza superficial (%SH) foi calculada após os tratamentos e pós desafios ácidos de 1, 2, 3 e 4 minutos. Para a análise do efeito reparador, o esmalte desmineralizado foi tratado e submetido aos mesmos desafios erosivos, como descritos anteriormente. A partir de então, %SH foi calculada após a desmineralização, tratamentos e desafios ácidos de 1, 2, 3 e 4 minutos. Experimento adicional foi realizado para análise da deposição de precipitados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) em esmalte desmineralizado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de medidas repetidas a dois critérios, seguida pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que o grupo placebo apresentou a menor capacidade de inibir e reparar a erosão do esmalte (p<0,001). A perda de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This in vitrostudy evaluated the effect of fluoride (F) toothpaste containing or not sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) in inhibit or repair initial enamel erosion. Sound (n=48) and demineralized (n=48) bovine enamel blocks were selected by initial surface hardness and subjected to 4 experimental groups(12 blocks/group): Placebo (without F and HMP), 1100 ppm F, 1% HMP and 1100 ppm F + 1% HMP. For the analysis of the protective effect, sound enamel were immersed in toothpaste slurry in human saliva once for 2 minutes. Hereafter, enamel blocks were submitted to 4 erosive challenges in citric acid (0.75%, pH 3.5) by 1 minute, under stirring. Percentage of surface hardness change (%SH) was calculated after treatmentsand 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes. For the analysis of the repair effect, demineralized enamel were treated and submitted to erosive challenges as describe previously. Hereafter, %SH was calculated after demineralization, treatmentsand 1, 2, 3 and 4 minutes. Additional experimental was performed to analysis the deposition ofprecipitates by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) on demineralized enamel. Variables were submitted to two-way repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). The results showed that the Placebo group had the lowest capacity to inhibit and repair enamel erosion (p<0.001). Hardness loss increased during repeated acid challenges for all groups; however the effect against erosion of F/HMP toothpaste proved to be more resi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Dalpasquale, Giovanna [UNESP]. "Efeito da adição de nanopartículas de hexametafosfato de sódio em dentifrícios fluoretados sobre a desmineralização dentária: estudo in vitro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136219.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito de dentifrícios contendo 1100 ppm F associado a nanopartículas de hexametafosfato de sódio (HMPnano) sobre a desmineralização do esmalte in vitro, utilizando um modelo de ciclagem de pH. Desenho: Blocos de esmalte bovino (4 mm x 4 mm, n=72) selecionados pela dureza de superfície inicial (SHi), foram alocados em seis grupos (n=12), de acordo com os dentifrícios teste: sem flúor ou HMPnano (Placebo), 550 ppm F (550F), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100F acrescido de HMPnano nas concentrações de 0,25% (1100F/0,25%HMPnano), 0,5% (1100F/0,5%HMPnano), e 1,0% (1100F/1,0%HMPnano). Blocos foram tratados 2x/dia com suspensões de dentífricios e submetidos a cinco ciclagens de pH (soluções desmineralizante/remineralizante) a 37 °C. A seguir, dureza de superfície final (SHF), perda integrada de dureza de subsuperfície (ΔKHN), concentração mineral (gHAp×cm-3) e concentração de fluoreto (F) no esmalte foram determinadas. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA seguido pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). Resultados: Dentifrício com 1100F/0,5%HMPnano levou à menor perda mineral e maior concentração mineral em relação aos demais grupos (p < 0,001), que foram de 26% (SHF) e 21% (ΔKHN) inferior e ~ 58% maior (gHAp × cm-3) quando comparado ao 1100F (p < 0,001). Foram observados valores similares de F no esmalte para todos os dentifrícios fluoretados (p > 0,001). Conclusão: A adição de 0,5%HMPnano ao dentifrício 1100F aumenta significativamente os seus efeitos anticárie quando comparado com o seu equivalente sem HMPnano.
This study evaluated the effect of toothpastes containing 1100 ppm F associated with nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) on enamel demineralization in vitro, using a pH-cycling model. Design: Bovine enamel blocks (4 mm x 4 mm, n=72) selected by the initial surface hardness (SHi) were allocated into six groups (n=12), according to the test toothpastes: without fluoride or HMPnano (Placebo), 550 ppm F (550F), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100F plus HMPnano at concentrations of 0.25% (1100F/0.25%HMPnano), 0.5% (1100F/0.5%HMPnano), and 1.0% (1100F/1.0%HMPnano). Blocks were treated 2x/day with slurries of toothpastes and submitted to five pH cycles (demineralizing/remineralizing solutions) at 37 °C. Next, final surface hardness (SHf), integrated loss subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), enamel mineral concentration (gHAp×cm-3 ) and enamel fluoride (F) concentration were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls’ test (p < 0.001). Results: Toothpaste with 1100F/0.5%HMPnano led to the lowest mineral loss and the highest mineral concentration among all groups, which were 26% (SHf) and 21% (ΔKHN) lower and ~58% higher (gHAp×cm-3 ) when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). Similar values of enamel F were observed for all fluoridated toothpastes (p > 0.001). Conclusion: The addition of 0.5%HMPnano to a 1100F toothpaste significantly enhances its anticaries effects when compared to its counterpart without HMPnano.
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Albahrani, Marwah M. M. H. S. "Total salivary fluoride concentrations of healthy adult subjects following toothbrushing with different formulations of fluoridated toothpastes with and without post-brushing water rinsing : a double blinded randomised controlled trial." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18699/.
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Background: Caries prevalence has declined significantly since the introduction of fluoridated toothpastes. There have been a number of developments with regards to specific active fluoride ingredients but not enough evidence to support one over the other. Aim: To compare the salivary fluoride concentrations of different fluoride formulations in the form of toothpaste: fluoride-free (0 ppmF), sodium fluoride (1,450 ppmF), sodium monofluorophosphate (1,450 ppmF), sodium fluoride and monofluorophosphate combined (1,450 ppmF), stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride combined (1,450 ppmF) and amine fluoride (1,400 ppmF) with and without post-brushing water rinsing. Design: Study registered with ClilincalTrials.gov public database (NCT02740803). In vivo double-blinded randomised controlled trial measuring salivary fluoride concentrations following brushing with six toothpaste formulations. Power calculation was performed using PASS11.0 software and the total sample size of 120 was recruited in this study. Participants brushed with 1.0g of one of six different formulations of toothpastes either with or without water rinsing post-brushing. Participants were randomly assigned to groups using an online random team generator. Saliva was collected at six different times (baseline and at 1, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minute(s) post-brushing). Samples were analysed using a fluoride ion-specific sensitive electrode connected to an ion analyser. Codes were broken after data analysis. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 23 software. Results: Demographic characteristics were not significant variables (p > 0.05). Time, toothpaste formulation and rinsing methods had significant effects (p < 0.05). In general, amine fluoride toothpaste resulted in significantly higher salivary fluoride concentrations at 90 minutes than control groups, in both rinsing and non-rinsing groups. Sodium monofuorophosphate toothpaste did not result in significant difference compared to control group at any time point, in both rinsing and non-rinsing groups. Conclusion: The results of this study supports the current recommendation of no rinsing post-brushing. It also supports the previous literature in that amine fluoride resulted in significantly higher fluoride concentrations.
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Schwab, Nicolas Vilczaki 1986. "Determinação de dióxido de titânio em cremes dentais por fluorescência de raios X e calibração multivariada." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248800.
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Orientador: Maria Izabel Maretti Silveira BuenoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O método de parâmetros fundamentais (PF), embora muito eficaz para a determinação elementar em fluorescência de raios X (FRX) em análise de amostras simples (como ligas e misturas de óxidos), é inviável para a quantificação em matrizes complexas, como cremes dentais. Por outro lado, ao contrário do método de PF, a quimiometria evita cálculos de coeficientes teóricos, relacionados à matriz da amostra e às características geométricas e instrumentais, permitindo ao sistema obter modelos com maior habilidade de previsão. Esse trabalho propõe uma metodologia para determinação de dióxido de titânio diretamente em pastas de dente com uso de calibração multivariada (PLS), usando como pré-tratamento das amostras em alguns casos, apenas a homogeneização e requerendo somente 5 minutos para a análise. Para construção do modelo foram analisadas 22 amostras de diversas marcas e tipos. O método proposto envolveu a utilização de espectros de FRX de pastas de dente e quimiometria, usando como valores de referência os obtidos pelo método de Parâmetros Fundamentais para as cinzas das mesmas amostras, método que requer pelo menos 8 horas para cada análise. Oito variáveis latentes foram necessárias para descrever o conjunto, tornando o modelo adequado para realizar análises diretas para as diferentes marcas encontradas no comércio brasileiro, sem que ocorra sobreajuste no modelo. Ele foi capaz de prever o teor de dióxido de titânio em amostras externas com erros de até 16% para 100 s e 9% para 700 s de irradiação; no entanto, sem diferença significativa entre os métodos, evidenciada estatisticamente pelo teste t, com 95% de confiança. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que a proposta é eficaz para a determinação de teores de TiO2 em matrizes complexas como as pastas de dentes, de forma rápida e com o mínimo preparo de amostra
Abstract: The direct application of a fundamental parameters method in elemental determinations using X-ray fluorescence is not feasible for complex samples, like dentifrices or toothpastes, as it is for simpler samples, like alloys or mixtures of elemental oxides. However, instead of fundamental parameters method, chemometric methods, not based on the uncertainness of theoretical coefficients related to sample matrices and of geometrical and instrumental parameters, allow obtaining models with adequate prediction abilities. This work proposes a methodology to determine titanium dioxide contents directly in toothpastes, by applying Partial Least Square Regression, having as sample pretreatment just its homogenization, when required. The analytical frequency is very high, ca. 24 samples per hour. Twenty-two toothpaste samples having different Brazilian brand names and in diverse presentations were used to build and validate the model. Direct X-ray Fluorescence toothpaste spectra and chemometrics were considered, where the reference values of their TiO2 concentrations were obtained from fundamental parameters data of the ash of the same samples, requiring 8 hours to be obtained. Eight latent variables are necessary to describe the whole sample set and the Partial Least Square Regression model be able to make direct analysis of the different samples found on the Brazilian market, without over-fitting the model. The Partial Least Square Regression model is able to predict the content of TiO2 in external samples with average errors until 16% for 100 s and 9% for 700 s of irradiation, however, no significant difference between the methods, as statistically indicated by t-test, with 95% of confidence. The advantages of the proposed approach are mainly its speed, minimum sample preparation and robustness
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestre em Química
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Chong, Adeline Yang Li. "The effects of chlorhexidine containing toothpastes and tea tree oil containing mouthwashes on plaque and gingival inflammation : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Masters [sic] of Dental Surgery (Periodontics)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmc548.pdf.
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