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Journal articles on the topic 'Toothpaste'
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Marin, Lina Maria, Gina Alejandra Castiblanco, Margarita Viviana Usuga-Vacca, Jaime Aparecido Cury, and Stefania Martignon. "Chemically soluble fluoride in toothpastes marketed in Colombia." CES Odontología 34, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21615/cesodon.5606.
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Introduction and objective: Toothpastes should contain chemically soluble fluoride to have anti-caries efficacy. This study aimed at determining how much of the total fluoride (TF) concentration in the five top-selling children/family Colombian-toothpaste brands corresponds to total chemically soluble fluoride (TSF). Materials and methods: a convenience sample of three tubes of each of the following five toothpaste brands were obtained from three different chain stores, one-per-store, in five Colombian cities (n=3/brand/city): Colgate-Smiles-6+, Kolynos-Super-Blanco, Fortident-Cuatriacción, Colgate-Triple-Acción, Fluocardent. TF (sum of all toothpaste’s fluoride) and TSF (toothpaste’s chemically soluble fluoride) concentrations were determined in each fresh toothpaste sample (before expiry date) using a standardized ion-specific electrode direct-technique protocol. TF concentration was compared with the manufacturers’ declared concentration. The difference between TF and TSF’s concentrations purchased in different cities was compared with a one-way ANOVA (5%). Results: Most toothpastes’ TF concentration complied with what was declared in the label. One toothpaste had a non-compatible fluoride/abrasive fluoride formulation and TSF < TF; however, it still complied with the minimum TSF requirement to exert a caries-preventive effect (>1000 ppm). Toothpastes’ TF and TSF concentrations did not differ between cities (p>0.05). Conclusion: Fresh samples of highly distributed toothpaste brands sold in five Colombian- cities contain chemically available fluoride concentrations with the potential to control and prevent dental caries.
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Mynenivenkatasatya, Srinivas Rao, Howard Wang, William Cooley, Esmeralda Garcia-Smith, Jaiprakash Shewale, and James Ratcliff. "Effectiveness of a Novel Dentifrice Containing Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide, Sarkosyl, and Sodium Fluoride." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8040122.
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This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel dentifrice containing stabilized chlorine dioxide, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (sarkosyl), and sodium fluoride in enhancing enamel fluoride uptake, remineralization, pellicle cleaning and inhibiting biofilm regrowth. Remineralization was measured by fluoride uptake and surface microhardness assessment tests. Artificial stains were removed and scored based on pellicle cleaning ratio. Biofilm regrowth was measured by counting colonies on the agar plates. All studies were conducted using bovine teeth specimens. The efficacy of Toothpaste C (CloSYS anticavity toothpaste) was compared with United States Pharmacopoeia Reference Dentifrice, Toothpaste B (discontinued CloSYS anticavity toothpaste formulation) and leading commercial toothpastes. The enamel fluoride uptake and remineralization by Toothpaste C was 96.1% to 303.3% and 38.0% to 102.4% higher than the tested toothpastes, respectively. The mean pellicle cleaning ratio of Toothpaste C was similar to American Dental Association Reference Material. Toothpaste C had a significant reduction in regrowth of the oral polymicrobial biofilm compared to the control. All tested toothpastes contained 0.24% sodium fluoride. Toothpaste C exhibited significantly superior performance towards fluoride uptake and remineralization compared to the tested toothpastes. Therefore, toothpaste ingredients other than sodium fluoride accounted for the enhanced fluoride uptake and remineralization.
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Gautam, Bikram, Elisa Dongol, and Anima Shrestha. "In-vitro antimicrobial activity of different toothpastes." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 6, no. 2 (May 5, 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v6i2.19803.
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Background: Tooth brushing with toothpaste is the most widely practiced form of oral hygiene. Toothpaste aids to improve oral hygiene and effective plaque removal. A wide range of chemicals, mainly antimicrobial agents, have been added to toothpastes which kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell walls and inhibiting their enzymatic activity.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of toothpastes.Methods: Eight (Two herbal and six regular) toothpastes were selected for the study. The study was conducted from October to November 2016 at St. Xavier’s College’s microbiology laboratory. Antimicrobial activity of toothpastes were assessed by measuring inhibition zones by broth dilution method and agar well diffusion method.Results: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination by tube dilution method and cup well diffusion method was found to be same. The antimicrobial activity on test organisms was shown by all toothpastes (TH1, TH2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7 and TR8). Antimicrobial activity of all toothpastes were almost the same and was statistically significant (t>0.05)Conclusion: All eight toothpastes aids in lower microbial load. However, no toothpaste showed bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested microbes. The toothpaste containing only natural active ingredients were found to be more effective than the toothpaste containing chemical active agent followed by weaker antimicrobial effect given by the toothpaste containing both natural and chemical active ingredient as an antimicrobial agent.
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Demir, Serdar, Gul Keskin, Nese Akal, and Yasemin Zer. "Antimicrobial effect of natural kinds of toothpaste on oral pathogenic bacteria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14966.
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Introduction: Because of the adverse effects on human health of some antimicrobial ingredients in traditional toothpaste, consumers are increasingly turning to toothpastes with natural ingredients. This study evaluates the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing different natural active agents against three oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Enterococcus faecalis.
Methodology: This study tested one traditional toothpaste and seven different natural toothpastes containing theobromine, aloe vera, miswak, propolis, chitosan, enzymes and probiotics. The agar-well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial effect. Inhibition zones formed around toothpastes after 24 hours of incubation were measured and the data collected were statistically analyzed.
Results: Toothpastes containing theobromine and chitosan and the traditional toothpaste showed antimicrobial efficacy for all tested bacteria. Toothpastes containing aloe vera, miswak, and propolis were only effective on S. mutans, while toothpastes containing probiotics and enzymes did not show any antimicrobial effect on the bacteria. Among toothpastes with natural ingredients, the theobromine-containing toothpaste showed the highest efficacy on S. mutans, while the aloe vera- and propolis-containing toothpastes had the lowest efficacy (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Theobromine- and chitosan-containing toothpastes, which showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria, can be recommended as alternatives to traditional toothpastes.
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Malea, Anastasia, Anastasios Tzotzis, Athanasios Manavis, and Panagiotis Kyratsis. "Innovative and sustainable toothpaste packaging design." Journal of graphic engineering and design 11, no. 2 (December 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2020-2-019.
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Oral care products and especially toothpastes, are vital for the human daily hygiene. Nowadays tooth brushing is, without a doubt, an integral part of pre-ventative dentistry, but on the other hand the extensive use of toothpastes has a great impact on the environment. Traditional toothpaste tubes have many negative aspects, in terms of usage and recycling. Their modest size, mixed and merged materials, remnant toothpaste inside toothpaste tubes and other tube based containers, make them difficult to disassemble and recycling almost impossible. The main objective of this study, is to investi-gate the disadvantages of the toothpaste packaging and the proposal of new innovative packaging solutions, which will not only reduce the environmental impact that traditional toothpaste tubes cause, but will also be user-friendly. In this paper, a combination of literature survey and market research is being presented. Finally, based on the findings and well-established techniques, a number of innovative, user and environmental friendly toothpaste packaging is proposed.
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Hsu, Shu-Min, Muhammad Alsafadi, Christina Vasconez, Chaker Fares, Valentin Craciun, Edgar O’Neill, Fan Ren, Arthur Clark, and Josephine Esquivel-Upshaw. "Qualitative Analysis of Remineralization Capabilities of Bioactive Glass (NovaMin) and Fluoride on Hydroxyapatite (HA) Discs: An In Vitro Study." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143813.
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Tooth decay is a prevalent disease that initiates when the oral pH becomes acidic. Fluoride and/or bioactive glass (NovaMin) were used to regenerate/repair teeth that had been decalcified. In this present study, we investigated the effect of fluoride and/or bioactive glass (NovaMin) on remineralization of hydroxyapatite (HA) discs, which mimic the enamel surface of natural teeth. HA discs were etched with phosphoric acid and treated with one of the following toothpastes: (1) Sensodyne toothpaste with fluoride; (2) Sensodyne toothpaste with fluoride and bioactive glass (NovaMin); (3) Tom’s toothpaste without fluoride or bioactive glass (NovaMin); and (4) Tom’s toothpaste with bioactive glass (NovaMin). The toothpastes were applied on the etched discs for two minutes, once a day for 15 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze surface morphologies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze surface compositions. Tom’s toothpaste with only NovaMin demonstrated the most remineralization potential compared with the other groups. In conclusion, incorporating bioactive glass (NovaMin) into toothpastes could benefit the repair and remineralization of teeth.
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Fernández, Constanza E., Margherita Fontana, Derek Samarian, Jaime A. Cury, Alexander H. Rickard, and Carlos González-Cabezas. "Effect of Fluoride-Containing Toothpastes on Enamel Demineralization and Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Architecture." Caries Research 50, no. 2 (2016): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444888.
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This study aimed to explore the effect of fluoridated toothpastes on biofilm architecture and enamel demineralization in an in vitro biofilm model. Streptococcus mutans was grown on enamel and treated with slurries of commercial toothpastes, containing SnF2 or NaF. Water and chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The developed biofilms were imaged and enamel demineralization was measured. SnF2 and NaF toothpaste treatments significantly reduced enamel demineralization, but SnF2 toothpaste was more effective. Only SnF2 toothpaste and chlorhexidine treatments caused reductions on biofilm mass and thickness. In conclusion, this biofilm model was able to differentiate the effects of the SnF2 and NaF toothpastes on biofilm architecture and enamel demineralization.
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Lalonde, Kitana. "Toothpaste." Journal for Activist Science and Technology Education 11, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/jaste.v11i1.34253.
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Before modern day toothpaste people tried several different things to clean their teeth such as using eggshells, ash, ground oyster shells and salt. When an American dentist Peabody added soap to his toothpaste things started to change, but did they change for the better? Modern toothpaste includes all kinds of chemicals from natural ingredients to synthetically made ingredients. These ingredients are added to help with oral health. At least that’s what it’s supposed to be! However, some of the ingredients may do some harm to our well-being and to our environment. For this social action project, I discuss some effects of toothpaste ingredients on personal health as well as the environment. I also conducted an experiment to test teeth whitening claims and I checked to see if there are controversial microbeads in some toothpaste brands. My proposed action is to inform people of what is in toothpaste so they can make an informed decision and I suggest healthier alternatives such as homemade toothpastes with healthier ingredients.
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Guven, Yeliz, Nilufer Ustun, Elif Bahar Tuna, and Oya Aktoren. "Antimicrobial Effect of Newly Formulated Toothpastes and a Mouthrinse on Specific Microorganisms: An In Vitro Study." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 02 (May 2019): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1695655.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial properties of newly formulated toothpastes (four toothpastes for adults and two toothpastes for kids/babies) and a mouthrinse. Materials and Methods Newly formulated six different toothpastes and one mouthrinse of a single brand and commercially available five toothpastes and three mouthrinse were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against two oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, by agar well diffusion assay. After incubation, the inhibition zone diameters were measured in millimeters and statistical analyses were performed. Results All experimental adult toothpastes exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans except the experimental toothpaste D. Experimental toothpaste B exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against C. albicans and S. mutans. Experimental toothpaste for kids showed the best antimicrobial activity against S. mutans when kids’ toothpastes were compared. None of the tested toothpastes for kids/babies showed antibacterial effects for C. albicans. Among the mouthrinse tested, Sensodyne mouthrinse showed the best results. Experimental mouthrinse showed significantly lower antibacterial activity against S. mutans then Sensodyne, Eludril, and chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Conclusion Although experimental toothpaste and mouthrinse formulations revealed good results in terms of antimicrobial activity to some specific microorganisms, further studies involving more bacterial species or analyzing the quality and efficacy of these products by other in vitro or in vivo tests are needed.
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Medvecky, L., R. Stulajterova, M. Giretova, J. Mincik, M. Vojtko, J. Balko, and E. Petrovova. "Enamel Remineralization Potential of Novel Dentifrice with Tetracalcium Phosphate/Monetite Powder Component." Powder Metallurgy Progress 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pmp-2018-0007.
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Abstract The aim was to investigate the enamel health benefits of a novel toothpaste with active tetracalcium phosphate/monetite mixtures under de/remineralization cycling. The enamel de/remineralization cycling protocol was consisted of demineralization in 1% aqueous solution of citric acid at pH 3.6 with following treatment with toothpastes and soaking in remineralization storage solution. Effectiveness of toothpastes to promote remineralization was evaluated by surface microhardness measurements, enamel erosion depth, analysis of surface roughness and fluorescent optical method. The novel tetracalcium phosphate/monetite toothpaste had the same remineralization potential as commercial calcium silicate/phosphate toothpaste and significantly higher than control storage solution group (p<0.05). Surface roughness was significantly lower after addition of fluorides to dentifrice (p<0.05). The enamel erosion depth was significantly reduced by applying toothpastes as compared to negative control (p<0.05) and did not differ from calcium silicate/phosphate toothpaste (p>0.66). The results showed that dentifrice formulations containing active tetracalcium phosphate/monetite mixture with or without fluoride addition had excellent enamel remineralization potential under de/remineralization cycling and successfully promote remineralization of enamel with daily using in the form of toothpaste.
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Kraivaphan, Petcharat, and Cholticha Amornchat. "Comparative clinical efficacy of three toothpastes in the control of supragingival calculus formation." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 01 (January 2017): 094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_279_16.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this double-blind, parallel clinical study was to assess clinical efficacy in supragingival calculus formation reduction using Abhaibhubejhr Herbal Toothpaste compared to Colgate Total and Colgate Cavity Protection toothpastes. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects participated in the pretest phase. All subjects were given oral soft/hard tissue evaluation, calculus examination using Volpe-Manhold calculus, and whole mouth oral prophylaxis. They received noncalculus control fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush for 1 min two times daily for 8 weeks. After which, subjects were given a test phase oral soft/hard tissue evaluation and calculus examination and were randomized into one of the three toothpaste groups. All subjects in the test phase received a whole mouth oral prophylaxis and were given their assigned toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush for 1 min two times a day for 12 weeks. Thereafter, subjects were assessed for their oral soft/hard tissue and calculus formation. Results: Mean Volpe-Manhold calculus index scores for the Cavity Protection, Abhaibhubejhr, and Total toothpaste groups were 0.78, 0.62, and 0.48, respectively, at the 12-week test phase evaluation. Abhaibhubejhr and Total toothpaste groups show 20.51% and 38.46% significantly less calculus formation than the Cavity Protection toothpaste group (P < 0.05). Total toothpaste group also show 22.58% significantly less calculus formation than the Abhaibhubejhr toothpaste group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of Colgate Total toothpaste over a 12-week period was clinically more effective than either Abhaibhubejhr or Colgate Cavity Protection toothpastes in controlling supragingival calculus formation.
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Bora, Amitava, Sharmista Sen, Abhirup Goswami, Gautam Kumar Kundu, and Biswajit Ghosh. "Antimicrobial Efficacy of Few Commercially Available Herbal and Non Herbal Tooth Pastes Against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens." Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i1.22454.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of ten commercially available herbal and non herbal toothpastes. Methods: Ten toothpaste brands (A-J) were collected. A, C, D, E contained Herbal components only, toothpastes B, F, G contained herbal components and fluoride as main anticariogenic agent, toothpastes H and I contained fluoride and triclosan combination and toothpaste J contained fluoride only as main anticariogenic component. Dental caries samples were collected from 6-14 years old children having occlusal caries in permanent fully erupted molar teeth involving enamel and dentin but caries not involving dental pulp and Streptococcus mutans bacteria isolated by laboratory method. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by measuring the inhibition zones by agar well diffusion method. Results: Fluoridated toothpaste with triclosan had maximum antimicrobial activity at all concentrations when compared to Herbal toothpaste. Conclusion: Toothpastes containing fluoride and triclosan are most effective but herbal tooth pastes have the prospect of becoming safer and effective altenative and provide an ideal home care anticariogenic regimen. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i1.22454 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(1) 2015: 14-18
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Annisa, Mutiara, Harsini Harsini, and Yosi Bayu Murti. "Potential Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight] Walp.) Essential Oil for Herbal Toothpaste Active Agent." Majalah Obat Tradisional 27, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.73869.
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Bay leaf is a herbal plant containing essential oil with antioxidant activity. Antioxidant effects give bay leaf essential oil ability as a toothpaste active agent. This research aim is to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bay leaf essential oil to find out the potential as toothpaste active agents. Bay leaf used in this research was taken from Lendah, Kulon Progo in the evening. Steam-hydrodistillation is conducted and chemical composition is analyzed using the GC-MS method. The Antioxidant activity test is conducted with DPPH and FRAP methods. Toothpastes were formulated with three concentrations of bay leaf essential oil (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%). Stain prevention test using formulated toothpastes, no active agent toothpaste (negative control), and commercial toothpaste (positive control) was conducted on 20 bovine teeth to obtain the value of colour change (ΔE) before and after the experiment, then analysed using one-way ANOVA parametric test (CI 95%). The chemical composition of bay leaf essential oil detected using GC-MS showed 29 compounds. The highest percentages are cis-4-decenal (37.87%), Decanal (16.73%), and octanal (16.63%). IC50 value from DPPH and FRAP method are 2.079µg/mL and 3.277µg/mL. One-way ANOVA test showed there was an effect from bay leaf essential oil as stain prevention toothpaste active agent. Bay leaf essential oils toothpastes have no significant difference in ΔE value to positive control toothpaste. The conclusion of this research is bay leaf essential oil contains aldehyde compounds in high percentage which provides a very high antioxidant effect. Bay leaf essential oil is the potential to be used as a toothpaste active agent.
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Гудзь, Н. І., and І. О. Власенко. "Development of the composition and technology of the curative preventive toothpaste with antimicrobial and deodorating properties." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.2.21.04.
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The significant prevalence of diseases of the oral cavity predetermine the relevance of preventive means aimed at maintaining the dental health of the population. The application of toothpastes and elixirs with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and deodorant properties improves the condition of the oral cavity, and is also one of the means for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and halitosis.
The aim of the work was to develop the composition and laboratory technology of curative and prophylactic toothpaste and to study the indicators of its quality.
Research materials: carbopol, xanthan gum, propolis tincture, bee bread tincture, thyme essential oil, xylitol, sorbitol, and a sample of toothpaste. Pharmacological-technical methods, potentiometric and alkalimetric study methods were used.
In order to develop the composition of a toothpaste, requirements of the current regulatory documents for the composition and characteristics of toothpastes were analyzed. The composition and quantity of components for the curative and prophylactic toothpaste have been theoretically substantiated. Carbopol and xanthan gum were used as gelling agents. Calcium carbonate was chosen as the abrasive basis of the toothpaste, which helps to remove plaque from the tooth enamel. Such polyhydric alcohols as sorbitol, glycerin, xylitol and propylene glycol were used as plasticizers. Considering the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and radioprotective properties of propolis tincture and bee bread tincture, they were incorporated in the toothpaste composition. The technology of laboratory batches of toothpaste was based on the general principles of obtaining suspension gels and pastes. The quality of the toothpastes was controlled for organoleptic and physicochemical indicators in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents.
The theoretical and experimental justification of the composition of the curative and prophylactic toothpaste of antimicrobial actvity with a deodorant effect. This paste contained carbopol, xanthan gum, calcium carbonate, xylitol, tinctures of bee products (propolis and bee bread) and thyme essential oil. On the basis of pharmacological-technical research, a rational technology of the curative and prophylactic toothpaste has been developed. Organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed curative and prophylactic toothpaste have been established and its classification characteristics have been determined.
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Ionescu, Andrei C., Gloria Cazzaniga, Marco Ottobelli, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, and Eugenio Brambilla. "Substituted Nano-Hydroxyapatite Toothpastes Reduce Biofilm Formation on Enamel and Resin-Based Composite Surfaces." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11020036.
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Background: Toothpastes containing nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) substituted with metal ions provide calcium and phosphate ions to dental hard tissues, reducing demineralization, and promoting remineralization. Few data are available about the effect of these bioactive compounds on oral microbiota. Methods: This in vitro study evaluated the influence of two commercially-available substituted n-HAp-based toothpastes (α: Zn-carbonate substituted n-HAp; β: F, Mg, Sr-carbonate substituted n-HAp) on early colonization (EC, 12 h) and biofilm formation (BF, 24 h) by oral microbiota. Controls were brushed with distilled water. Artificial oral microcosm and Streptococcus mutans biofilms were developed using human enamel and a resin-based composite (RBC) as adherence surfaces. Two test setups, a shaking multiwell plate and a modified drip-flow reactor (MDFR), were used to simulate clinical conditions during the night (low salivary flow and clearance) and daytime, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was used to evaluate specimens’ surfaces after toothpaste treatment. Fluoride release from β toothpaste was evaluated. Viable adherent biomass was quantified by MTT assay, and biofilms’ morphology was highlighted using confocal microscopy. Results: EDS showed the presence of remnants from the tested toothpastes on both adherence surfaces. β toothpaste showed significantly lower EC and BF compared to control using the artificial oral microcosm model, while α toothpaste showed lower EC and BF compared to control, but higher EC and BF compared to β toothpaste. The effect shown by β toothpaste was, to a minimal extent, due to fluoride release. Interestingly, this result was seen on both adherence surfaces, meaning that the tested toothpastes significantly influenced EC and BF even on RBC surfaces. Furthermore, the effect of toothpaste treatments was higher after 12 h than 24 h, suggesting that toothbrushing twice a day is more effective than brushing once. Conclusions: The efficacy of these treatments in reducing microbial colonization of RBC surfaces may represent a promising possibility in the prevention of secondary caries.
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Comar, Lívia Picchi, Marina Franciscon Gomes, Naiana Ito, Priscila Aranda Salomão, Larissa Tercília Grizzo, and Ana Carolina Magalhães. "Effect of NaF, SnF2, and TiF4Toothpastes on Bovine Enamel and Dentin Erosion-Abrasion In Vitro." International Journal of Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/134350.
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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of toothpastes containing TiF4, NaF, and SnF2on tooth erosion-abrasion. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were distributed into 10 groups (n=12): experimental placebo toothpaste (no F); NaF (1450 ppm F); TiF4(1450 ppm F); SnF2(1450 ppm F); SnF2(1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); TiF4(1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); commercial toothpaste Pro-Health (SnF2—1100 ppm F + NaF—350 ppm F, Oral B); commercial toothpaste Crest (NaF—1.500 ppm F, Procter & Gamble); abrasion without toothpaste and only erosion. The erosion was performed 4 × 90 s/day (Sprite Zero). The toothpastes’ slurries were applied and the specimens abraded using an electric toothbrush 2 × 15 s/day. Between the erosive and abrasive challenges, the specimens remained in artificial saliva. After 7 days, the tooth wear was evaluated using contact profilometry (μm). The experimental toothpastes with NaF, TiF4, SnF2, and Pro-Health showed a significant reduction in enamel wear (between 42% and 54%). Pro-Health also significantly reduced the dentin wear. The toothpastes with SnF2/NaF and TiF4/NaF showed the best results in the reduction of enamel wear (62–70%) as well as TiF4, SnF2, SnF2/NaF, and TiF4/NaF for dentin wear (64–79%) (P<0.05). Therefore, the experimental toothpastes containing both conventional and metal fluoride seem to be promising in reducing tooth wear.
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Gintu, Agung Rimayanto, Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristian, and Yohanes Martono. "Karakterisasi Pasta Gigi Berbahan Abrasif Hidroksiapatit (HAp)." Jurnal Kimia Riset 5, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v5i2.22503.
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Tootpaste was a product for dental care to clean, beautify and replace the minerals decay from the dent surface. To prevent the damage of the mineral layers on the surface, added the remineralitation compounds in the formula of the toothpaste. The remineralitation agents commonly add was CaCO3 and CaPO4, during the technological development the calcium compounds added was calcium in nano size like Hydroxyapatite (HAp). In this study produced the contains abrasive HAp and CaCO3 with the mix ratio CaCO3, 50:50 (HAp:CaCO3) and HAp. The characterization to the toothpaste with CaCO3 abrasive showed the Calcium contains 21,10 ± 0,0577%; dispersibility 936,37 ± 39,42gcm/s; pH 8,3 ± 0,00; and viscosity 25 ± 0,00 P.a. The toothpaste with CaCO3:HAp (50:50) abrasive showed the Calcium contains 27,03 ± 0,0333%; dispersibility 931,93 ± 22,62gcm/s; pH 8,8 ± 0,00; and viscosity 27 ± 0,00 P.a. The toothpaste with HAp abrasive showed the Calcium contains 27,67 ± 0,0882%; dispersibility 987,33 ± 39,50gcm/s; pH 8,9 ± 0,00; and viscosity 27,5 ± 0,00 P.a. The contamination of microbiology did not found in all of the toothpastes along the storage. Based on the entire organoleptic test against the toothpastes, the formula of toothpaste with the mix of CaCO3:HAp was les liked.
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Kim, B. I., S. H. Jeong, S. O. Jang, Kyoung Nam Kim, H. K. Kwon, and Yong Duk Park. "Tooth Whitening Effect of Toothpastes Containing Nano-Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.541.
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The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tooth whitening effect of toothpaste containing nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA). There were 3 types of dentifrices, which had a different level of abrasive components. For group 1, a newly developed toothpaste containing Nano-sized hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) was used. Commercially available toothpastes were used in groups 2 and 3. Group 2 used toothpastes containing silica and multi phosphate. Group 3 used toothpastes containing abrasives with silica and micro-sized HA. In order to simulate 6-months of tooth brushing, the tooth specimens in all 3 groups were placed on a V8 Cross Brushing Machine (Sabri Co. U.S.A.) and brushed 10,000 times with the toothpaste slurries. The tooth specimens were then soaked in artificial saliva for 24 hours to create conditions similar to those encountered in vivo. The whitening efficacy was assessed before and after tooth brushing using the VITA shade scores of Shadeeye-EX NCC Dental Chroma meter (Shofu Co. Japan). All toothpastes produced significant differences in the mean shade change in the teeth before and after tooth brushing (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the change in the shade between each group (p>0.05). Although the new Nano-HA toothpaste did not have superior whitening effects to the commercially available whitening toothpastes, they had a similar whitening efficacy to commercially available whitening toothpastes. These effects might come from the physical properties of Nano HA, which increase the surface dimension more than the Micro-sized HA and have the potential of remineralization.
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Coelho, Camila Siqueira Silva, Jaime Aparecido Cury, and Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury. "Chemically Soluble Fluoride in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-Based Toothpaste as an Indicator of Fluoride Bioavailability in Saliva during and after Toothbrushing." Caries Research 54, no. 2 (2020): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506439.
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The relationship between the concentration of chemically soluble fluoride found in toothpaste and that present in saliva, during and after brushing, was evaluated as an indicator of potentially bioavailable fluoride in toothpaste. Ten adult participants brushed their teeth with the assigned toothpastes: group I: fresh sample of a fluoride toothpaste: Na2FPO3/CaCO3, 1,378 µg F/g of total soluble fluoride (TSF); groups II–IV: aged samples of toothpaste presenting TSF concentrations of 1,160, 900, and 597 µg F/g, respectively; group V: non-F placebo toothpaste. The volunteers brushed their teeth for 1 min with 0.7 g of the toothpaste, all toothbrushing residues (TR) produced were collected, the mouth was rinsed with water, and saliva samples were collected up to 120 min. Total fluoride (TF) and TSF concentrations were determined in TR and in saliva samples using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. TSF concentration (µg F/mL) in TR was determined as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability during toothbrushing and the areas under curves of saliva fluoride concentration versus time (area under the curve, AUC = µg F/mL × min) were calculated as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability after toothbrushing. A significant correlation was found between the TSF concentrations in the toothpastes and the variables TR (r = 0.850; p = 0.0001) and AUC (r = 0.445; p = 0.004). For TF no significant correlation was found for TR (r = –0.099; p = 0.542) and AUC (r = –0.018; p = 0.912). The findings suggest that TSF concentration chemically found in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-based toothpaste could estimate how much fluoride would be bioavailable in saliva when the teeth are brushed.
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Braga, Aline Silva, Mohamed Mostafa Hefny Abdelbary, Rafaela Ricci Kim, Fernanda Pereira de Souza Rosa de Melo, Luiz Leonardo Saldanha, Anne Lígia Dokkedal, Georg Conrads, Marcella Esteves-Oliveira, and Ana Carolina Magalhães. "The Effect of Toothpastes Containing Natural Extracts on Bacterial Species of a Microcosm Biofilm and on Enamel Caries Development." Antibiotics 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030414.
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This study investigated the effects of herbal toothpaste on bacterial counts and enamel demineralization. Thirty-six bovine enamel samples were exposed to a microcosm biofilm using human saliva and McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) for 5 days at 37 °C and first incubated anaerobically, then aerobically–capnophilically. The following experimental toothpaste slurries (2 × 2 min/day) were applied: (1) Vochysia tucanorum (10 mg/g); (2) Myrcia bella (5 mg/g); (3) Matricaria chamomilla (80 mg/g); (4) Myrrha and propolis toothpaste (commercial); (5) fluoride (F) and triclosan (1450 ppm F), 0.3% triclosan and sorbitol (Colgate®, positive control); (6) placebo (negative control). The pH of the medium was measured, bacteria were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enamel demineralization was quantified using transverse microradiography. The total bacterial count was reduced by toothpaste containing Myrcia bella, Matricaria chamomilla, fluoride, and triclosan (commercial) compared to the placebo. As far as assessable, Myrcia bella, Matricaria chamomilla, and Myrrha and propolis (commercial) inhibited the outgrowth of S. mutans, while Lactobacillus spp. were reduced/eliminated by all toothpastes except Vochysia tucanorum. Mineral loss and lesion depth were significantly reduced by all toothpastes (total: 1423.6 ± 115.2 vol% × μm; 57.3 ± 9.8 μm) compared to the placebo (2420.0 ± 626.0 vol% × μm; 108.9 ± 21.17 μm). Herbal toothpastes were able to reduce enamel demineralization.
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Annisa, Mutiara, Archadian Nuryanti, and Anne Handrini Dewi. "EFFECTIVITY OF MULTIFUNCTION HERBAL TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING BAY LEAF (EUGENIA POLYANTHA WIGHT) EXTRACT AS EXTRINSIC STAIN REMOVAL ON TEETH AND DENTURE." ODONTO : Dental Journal 9 (April 8, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.9.0.40-50.
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Background: White teeth colour influence aesthetical appearance which leads to self-confidence and quality of life. Extrinsic stain is the most common aetiology of teeth discoloration, which caused by widely consumed products such as tea, coffee, and tobacco. It also formed on denture and cause negative impacts. Commercial extrinsic stain removal toothpastes only indicated for teeth and contain chemical active agent with undesirable effects. Aim of this study is to determine effectivity of bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) extract as toothpaste active agent for extrinsic stain removal on teeth and dentures.Method: Pictures of teeth, artificial teeth, and acrylic resin base taken before experiment, after stain induction (using 25g of tea in 100ml of 100oC water for 7 days, tea solution replaced every 24 hours), and after brushing. Toothpastes used for brushing were no active agent basic formulation toothpaste, bay leaf extract toothpastes at 5%, 10%, 15% concentrations, and commercial stain removal toothpaste as positive control. Specimens were brushed using automatic brushing machine for 70 seconds/surface, using 250g load, and speed 5 movements/sec. Colour index analysis of specimens’ pictures were computerized and analysed using CIELAB method to obtain L-value of extrinsic stain removal. Data analysis performed using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05).Result: There is effect of toothpaste containing bay leaf extract 15% to remove extrinsic stain both on teeth, artificial teeth, and acrylic resin base according to one-way ANOVA.Conclusion: Bay leaf extract is effective and potential to be used as toothpaste active agent for extrinsic stain removal on teeth and denture.
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Kozmenko, A. N., and N. A. Belokonov. "Experimental assessment of potassium ions diffusion speed from new gel reducing dental sensitivity." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 5 (October 15, 2014): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2214.
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Aim. To compare the contents of potassium salts in specialized toothpastes, and to estimate the possibility for potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride. Methods. Toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth: «Sensodyne F» (contains potassium chloride); «PresiDENT Sensitive» (potassium nitrate); «Asepta Sensitive» (potassium citrate) and new gel reducing dental sensitivity (contains potassium chloride) were examined. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules after firm tooth tissues conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoric substances were measures by potentiometry and a special device using tooth slice as a membrane. Results. Considering that toothpaste is applied within 5 minutes, while gel - within 15-20 minutes, it is possible to assume that potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel can be assessed as 41 mg, compared to 5.9±0.5 mg from 1 g of paste №1, 0.4±0.05 mg - №2; 7.8±0.5 mg - №3. So, potassium ions bioavailability from 1 g of gel is 7; 102; 5 times higher (respectively) compared to toothpastes. Speed of potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules ranged between 0.2 to 1.64 μg/min and depended on the number of membrane potassium channels permeable for potassium. Fluoride toothpastes specially formulated to treat the pain of sensitive teeth reduced the speed of potassium ions diffusion from the solution by 4-7 times by blocking the dentinal tubules. This can be also associated with fluoride-containing protective film formation. Therefore, at the first stage of treatment of teeth hypersensitivity using new gel, it is better to use a toothpaste without fluoride. Conclusion. Compared to the examined toothpastes, new gel for reducing dental sensitivity contains higher number of potassium free ions, which can enter dentinal tubules reducing the effect on free nerve endings. Potassium ions diffusion through dentinal tubules reduced 4-7-fold after conditioning by a toothpaste containing fluoride.
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Shuto, Takahiro, Yuichi Mine, Seicho Makihira, Hiroki Nikawa, Takanori Wachi, and Kazutoshi Kakimoto. "Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010051.
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Fluoride and abrasives in toothpastes may cause corrosion and deterioration of the titanium used for implants and other prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the presence or absence and types of fluoride and abrasives affected the titanium surface texture. Brushing with toothpastes was performed on pure-titanium discs using an abrasive testing machine. Unprocessed titanium discs without brushing were used as control samples. Surface roughness, color, and gloss of titanium were measured and the differences compared with the control were analyzed. Additionally, titanium surfaces and abrasives in toothpastes were observed using a scanning electron microscope to compare the surface texture of each sample. Some toothpastes (abrasive+) significantly increased the difference in surface roughness, color, and gloss, compared with ultrapure water. Toothpaste (fluoride+/abrasive+) that had many polygonal abrasive particles led to the largest color differences and exhibited notable scratches and a larger number of contaminant- or corrosion-like black spots. In contrast, brushing with toothpaste without fluoride or abrasives (fluoride−/abrasive−) caused little change to the titanium surface. These results suggest that both fluoride and abrasives in toothpaste used for brushing may be factors that affect surface texture and corrosion resistance of titanium.
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Lisa, Elena Lacramioara, Geta Carac, Vasilica Barbu, and Silvia Robu. "The Synergistic Antioxidant Effect and Antimicrobial Efficacity of Propolis, Myrrh and Chlorhexidine as Beneficial Toothpaste Components." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 9 (October 15, 2017): 2060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.9.5822.
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Toothpastes containing different components which could have beneficial effects on oral health and the identification of better composition are always a research challenge. Our study aims are to evaluate the synergistic effect of propolis, myrrh, and chlorhexidine, separated and combined in some formulated toothpaste. To assess the electrochemical capacity by monitoring of physico-chemical parameters (pH conductivity), the mixture of these components in toothpaste into artificial saliva solution was performed in ambient medium and at 37oC. The antioxidant activity and the antimicrobial potential in vitro of toothpastes formulated against microorganisms that frequently colonize the oral cavity was performed also. It has been found that mixtures of chlorhexidine, propolis, and myrrh exhibit synergistic antioxidant activity with better potential than some commercial toothpaste, also the antibacterial activity shown that this activity is maintained in time against some strains.
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Mohammed, Raghad H., and Asmma E. Al Niaame. "Evaluation of the Biological Efficacy and Physicochemical Evaluation of Toothpaste Prepared from Few Types of Plant Extracts against Some Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from the Mouth." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 04 (December 25, 2022): 1626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.4.25.
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The demand for a herbal-based products such as toothpaste is high these days. Consumers believed that herbal-based toothpaste are safe, effective and less toxic because few and safe chemicals is used as compared to synthetically produced toothpaste. Therefore, this study was amied to formulate and evaluate new polyherbal toothpaste containing herbal extracts available to treat periodontal problems. The polyherbal toothpaste was formulated using three herbal extracts namely lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) marjoram (Qriganum majorana L.) and salivia (Salvia officinalis L.) and tested against Streptococcus mitis-orul Streptococcus pyogen, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium, Gemella morbilloe, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia ssp, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with different concentrations varying from 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/mL. The significant inhibition has seen against Streptococcus mutans (27 mm) and there is no inhibition for both Acinetobacter baumannii complex and P. aeruginosa. The formulated toothpaste was also evaluated with the standard physiochemical parameters along with the antimicrobial activity. it opens a window for future study to enhance the ability of the toothpaste and to prove the efficacy and safety of the formulated toothpaste. Then a comparison was made with commercial toothpastes for three selected types
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R, Sowjanya, Preetha Peethambar, Sapna Konde, Manisha Agarwal, and Sahana N. Prasad. "Anti microbial effect of prebiotic containing tooth paste against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus: An invitro evaluation." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 9, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2022.007.
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: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of three commercially available toothpastes which are non-fluoridated, fluoridated and the one containing prebiotic ingredient on s and .: Antimicrobial activities of prebiotic, fluoridated, non-fluoridated toothpastes were assessed at different concentrations (100ug, 200ug, 300ug and 400ug). Since prebiotic toothpaste had other proven antimicrobial agents, 100% inulin extract from chicory (prebiotic) was assessed for its antimicrobial efficacy at varying concentrations. Antimicrobial property was evaluated by determining the zone of inhibition using agar well diffusion method on Luria Bertani (LB) broth media for and MRS broth media forL.plantarum. 100ul of inoculums of S.mutans and L.plantarum was poured on to the agar plates respectively. Five wells measuring 0.5cm was made, dentifrice at varying concentration i.e; 100ug, 200ug, 300ug and 400ug was loaded into respective wells. 50ul of DMSO was loaded in the well at the centre as control and incubated at 37°C for 24hrs. : All the three tested toothpastes had significant antimicrobial activity against S.mutans and L.plantarum. The highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by toothpaste containing prebiotic ingredient with mean zone of inhibition of (18.5+/-0.5) and (20.0+/-1) at 400ug against S.mutans and L.plantarum. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial activity of fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpastes against S.mutans at 400ug (P=1), but there was a significant difference for L.plantarum at 400ug (P<0.001). Antimicrobial activity increased at higher concentrations for all the three tested toothpastes and for 100% Inulin extract. : All the three tested toothpaste were effective against S.mutans and L.plantarum at varying concentrations, but toothpaste containing prebiotic ingredient was most effective in inhibition of both the micro-organisms.
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Rashid, Muhammad Waqas, Marij Hameed, Athar Parvez, Mamoona Mujtaba, Kanza Nawadat, and Sania Saqib. "Is High Fluoride Toothpaste or Fluoride Mouthwash More Effective in Enhancing Cariostatic Activity among Patients of Orthodontic treatment?" Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 968–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22165968.
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Objective: The objective of current study was to compare the effect of fluoride containing toothpaste and fluoride containing mouthwash during orthodontic treatment. Method: This randomized control trial was conducted in dental hospital of Lahore in the department of orthodontics for 6 months. Sample of 45 patients was taken in the study. Group A received treatment along with regular use of fluoride toothpaste whereas Group B received treatment along with regular use of fluoride mouth wash. Group C received treatment along with regular use of regular toothpaste. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 25. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for gender and mean ± std. deviation was calculated for age. Chi-square test was used to explore the effect of fluoride containing toothpaste and fluoride containing mouthwash during orthodontic treatment Results: The results of chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the effectiveness of fluoride toothpaste, fluoride mouthwash and regular toothpaste in terms of dental caries prevention during orthodontic treatment (X2=17.23, P=.002). Conclusion: Fluoride containing toothpastes are more effective in preventing dental caries among patients undergo orthodontic treatment as compared to fluoride containing mouthwash. Keywords: Mouthwash, Toothpaste, Fluoride, Dental caries
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Takeshita, Eliana M., Marcelle Danelon, Luciene P. Castro, Kikue T. Sassaki, and Alberto C. B. Delbem. "Effectiveness of a Toothpaste with Low Fluoride Content Combined with Trimetaphosphate on Dental Biofilm and Enamel Demineralization in situ." Caries Research 49, no. 4 (2015): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381960.
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ whether a toothpaste with low fluoride associated with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) would provide similar effect to that of a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste. Design: This crossover double-blind study consisted of 4 phases (14 days each), during which 10 volunteers wore oral appliances containing 4 enamel bovine blocks. The cariogenic challenge was performed by the application of a 20% sucrose solution (6×/day). The toothpaste treatments (2×/day) were: placebo, 500 ppm F, 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F. At the end, enamel mineral loss and biofilm composition were analyzed. Results: The toothpaste with 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP showed the lowest mineral loss (p < 0.05). Regarding the fluoride and calcium concentrations in the enamel and in the biofilm, there were no significant differences between 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F toothpastes (p > 0.569), but they were significantly different when compared to toothpaste with 500 ppm F (p < 0.050). Conclusion: The addition of 1% TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste reduces enamel demineralization in situ similar to a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste.
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Hashemikamangar, Sedighe Sadat, Farnoosh Hoseinpour, Nazanin Kiomarsi, Mehrzad Gholampour Dehaki, and Mohammad Javad Kharazifard. "Effect of an Optical Whitening Toothpaste on Color Stability of Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials." European Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 01 (February 2020): 085–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705071.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of an optical whitening toothpaste on color stability of microhybrid, nanofilled, and microfilled composite resins and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement in comparison of two other toothpastes. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, disc-shaped composite samples were fabricated. The samples were then polished using silicon carbide papers. Twenty-seven samples of each material were fabricated and subjected to colorimetry using a spectrophotometer. Each group of material was then divided into three subgroups for the application of conventional whitening and whitening containing blue covarine toothpastes. One operator brushed the samples with an electric soft toothbrush with circular motion twice a day, each time for 30 seconds. Colorimetry was performed at 0, 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. Statistical Analysis Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test were used for statistical analysis. Results The interaction effect of type of restorative material and time on ∆E was not significant at baseline or 1 day (p > 0.05). The effect of type of toothpaste on ∆E was not significant at baseline or 1 day (p = 0.78) but the effect of type of material was significant (p < 0.05). The toothpastes had significantly different effects on ∆E of Z250 at all time points (p < 0.05) except for ∆E0–30 (p = 0.106). The toothpastes had significantly different effects on ∆E of Z350 and Gradia at all time points (p < 0.05). The same was true for RMGI except for ∆E0–7 (p = 0.43) and ∆E0–90 (p = 0.52). The majority of color changes caused by toothpastes were not clinically perceivable (∆E < 3.3), except for ∆E0–90 by the whitening toothpaste (∆E = 9), ∆E0–90 by the conventional toothpaste for Z350 (∆E = 3.9), and ∆E0–1 by the whitening toothpaste for RMGI (∆E = 3.7). Conclusion The color change of all composite samples was not clinically perceivable (<3.3) at all time points, which shows that the tested toothpastes do not cause a significant change in color of composite materials.
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Ergucu, Zeynep, Inci Yoruk, Ayşegül Erdoğan, Hayal Boyacıoğlu, Robert Hill, and Aylin Baysan. "The Use of Toothpastes Containing Different Formulations of Fluoride and Bioglass on Bleached Enamel." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041368.
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Objectives: To investigate the application of toothpaste either containing calcium sodium phospho-silicate bioglass (NovaMin) or calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the surface mineral composition and morphology of enamel after bleaching procedure. Methods: Thirty extracted noncarious human teeth were allocated into five groups (n = 6). Group 1: Bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and fluoridated toothpaste containing bioactive glass (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 2: Bleaching using 40%HP and toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (540 ppm fluoride). Group 3: Bleaching using 40%HP and fluoridated toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 4: Bleaching alone using 40%HP. Group 5: Negative control with distilled water alone. The surface morphology was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). The concentration of elements as atomic percentages were determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Results: This laboratory-based study reported that SPM and SEM detected minor changes on the surfaces of all toothpaste-treated enamel samples (Groups 1–3) after 45 days. Bioactive glass deposits were observed on enamel surfaces in Groups 1 and 2, whilst the bleaching-alone samples (Group 4) had rough enamel surfaces. XPS reported that toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (Group 2) had a high atomic% of calcium and phosphate, whilst silicon values were high in the toothpaste containing bioactive glass and 1450 ppm fluoride (Group 1) after bleaching procedure when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, EDS detected the highest %F in Groups 1, 2 and 5. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this laboratory-based study, there was no significant decrease in the Ca%, P% values and surface properties of enamel after the bleaching procedure following the use of different formulations of toothpastes for a period of 45 days. However, the Ca% and P% values were significantly high for the toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the bleached enamel. Clinical relevance: The bleaching process can provide optimum aesthetic outcomes, but the effect of peroxides on hard tissues is still in question. Toothpastes containing different formulations of fluoride and bioactive glass might have the potential to prevent mineral loss on bleached enamel. However, further laboratory-based studies and controlled double-blind randomised clinical trials are required to interpret the effects of toothpastes with different fluoride and bioactive glass formulations on enamel surfaces following bleaching procedures.
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Vajrabhaya, La-ongthong, Suwanna Korsuwannawong, Choltacha Harnirattisai, and Chayada Teinchai. "Changes in the permeability and morphology of dentine surfaces after brushing with a Thai herbal toothpaste: A preliminary study." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 02 (April 2016): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.178319.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate dentine permeability after brushing with Twin Lotus®, Thai herbal toothpaste by comparing with Sensodyne Rapid Relief®, a commercial desensitizing toothpaste, and also after artificial saliva (AS) immersion or citric acid challenge. Materials and Methods: Dentine discs from human mandibular third molars were divided into three groups (n = 20) and brushed with either experimental toothpaste or water (control) for 2 min with an automated toothbrush. Then, 10 discs were immersed in AS, and the other 10 discs were immersed in 6% citric acid to simulate the conditions of the oral environment. The dentine permeability of each specimen was measured before brushing and after each treatment using a fluid filtration system. Morphological changes in the dentine were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Both toothpastes significantly reduced dentine permeability, and a crystalline precipitate was observed on the dentine surface under SEM observation. No significant difference was found between the two toothpaste groups with regard to dentine permeability after brushing and AS or acid immersion. Conclusions: The dentine permeability reduction caused by the two toothpastes did not differ after brushing or after AS or citric acid immersion.
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Vieira-Junior, WF, DANL Lima, CPM Tabchoury, GMB Ambrosano, FHB Aguiar, and JR Lovadino. "Effect of Toothpaste Application Prior to Dental Bleaching on Whitening Effectiveness and Enamel Properties." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): E29—E38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/15-042-l.
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SUMMARY Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on the enamel properties and effectiveness of bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) when applying toothpastes with different active agents prior to dental bleaching. Methods Seventy enamel blocks (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were submitted to in vitro treatment protocols in a tooth-brushing machine (n=10): with distilled water and exposure to placebo gel (negative control [NC]) or HP bleaching (positive control [PC]); and brushing with differing toothpastes prior to HP bleaching, including potassium nitrate toothpaste (PN) containing NaF, conventional sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste (FT), arginine-based toothpastes (PA and SAN), or a toothpaste containing bioactive glass (NM). Color changes were determined using the CIE L*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb), and a roughness (Ra) analysis was performed before and after treatments. Surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were analyzed after treatment. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA for Ra, one-way ANOVA (SMH, ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb), split-plot ANOVA (CSMH), and Tukey post hoc test (α<0.05). The relationship between the physical surface properties and color properties was evaluated using a multivariate Canonical correlation analysis. Results Color changes were statistically similar in the bleached groups. After treatments, SMH and CSMH decreased in PC. SMH increased significantly in the toothpaste groups vs the negative and positive control (NM > PA = SAN > all other groups) or decreased HP effects (CSMH). Ra increased in all bleached groups, with the exception of NM, which did not differ from the NC. The variation in the color variables (ΔL, Δa, and Δb) explained 21% of the variation in the physical surface variables (Ra and SMH). Conclusion The application of toothpaste prior to dental bleaching did not interfere with the effectiveness of treatment. The bioactive glass based toothpaste protected the enamel against the deleterious effects of dental bleaching.
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Yumas, Medan, Justus Elisa Loppies, Khaerunnisa, Sitti Ramlah, Rosniati, and Alfrida Lullung. "Characterization of Toothpaste Made With Unfermented Cocoa Powder (Theobroma cacao L) Againts Bacteria Streptococcus mutans." E3S Web of Conferences 344 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234401002.
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Cocoa beans contain polyphenolic compounds/phenolic include catechin, epicatechin, anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin, phenolic acids, condensed tannins, alkaloids, teroid/terpenoids, flavonoids-other flavonoids, and some minor components. Polyphenol group compounds have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This research aims to determine the physico-chemical properties and effects of toothpaste containing active component of unfermented cocoa powder to the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This study uses a completely randomized design by varying concentration of unfermented cocoa powder used as active ingredient in toothpaste. Toothpaste was prepared with active ingredients of unfermented cocoa powder with concentration of 1.0; 2.5; 4, 0; 5.5% (w/w) and each repeated three times. The results indicated that the four concentrations of unfermented cocoa powder contained in toothpaste show an inhibitory effect against 20.936; and 21.039 mm. The fourth toothpastes have a viscosity above 400 dps, pH value above 7, therefore meet SNI 01-3524-1994 standard. Panelist scored this toothpaste with 3.
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Cosme-Silva, Leopoldo, Ana Paula Pereira Da Silveira, Kellen Cristina da Silva Gasque, Rafael Tobias Moretti Neto, Vivien Thiemy Sakai, and Ana Beatriz S. Moretti. "Antimicrobial activity of various brands of children's toothpastes formulated with Triclosan, Fluoride and Xylitol." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i3.1739.
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Objective: Evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of four different commercially available children’s toothpastes on bacteria growth inhibition from oral microbiota of young children. Material and Method: The toothpastes tested contained: 1100 ppm sodium fluoride, xylitol and 750 ppm sodium fluoride, xylitol and 500 ppm sodium fluoride, and xylitol and triclosan. Twenty 18 to 30 month-old children were selected. Nonstimulated saliva samples were collected and inoculated on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar. Toothpaste dilutions were applied into the agar wells and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours in microaerophilic conditions. Saline and 0.12% chlorhexidine were used as controls. Antimicrobial activity was determined in duplicate by agar-well diffusion technique. Bacterial growth inhibition zones were recorded in mm. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results: All toothpastes showed antimicrobial activity when compared to negative control (p<0.05). Toothpaste containing triclosan presented the highest antimicrobial activity followed, in this order, by xylitol and 750 ppm sodium fluoride, chlorhexidine, 1100 ppm sodium fluoride, xylitol and 500 ppm sodium fluoride and saline. Conclusions: Toothpaste containing triclosan and xylitol presented excellent antimicrobial activity, and may be considered a good option for young children.Key words: Toothpastes. Oral hygiene. Pediatric Dentistry.
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Ekstrand, Kim Rud. "High Fluoride Dentifrices for Elderly and Vulnerable Adults: Does It Work and if So, Then Why?" Caries Research 50, Suppl. 1 (2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443021.
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The primary aim of this work is to present the available evidence that toothpastes containing >1,500 ppm fluoride (2,500-2,800 and 5,000 ppm F) provide an additional caries preventive effect on root caries lesions in elderly patients compared to traditional dentifrices (1,000-1,450 ppm F). The secondary aim of this paper is to discuss why high fluoride dentifrices in general should perform better than traditional F-containing toothpaste. When examining the few studies that have considered the preventive benefits of high fluoride products on root caries the relative risk appears to be around 0.5, and the risk can thus be halved by exchanging traditional F-containing toothpaste for toothpaste containing 5,000 ppm F. There is reasonable evidence that high fluoride dentifrices significantly increase the fluoride concentration in saliva during the day and the fluoride concentration in plaque compared to traditional F toothpaste. Furthermore, the use of toothpaste with 5,000 ppm F significantly reduces the amount of plaque accumulated, decreases the number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and possibly promotes calcium fluoride deposits to a higher degree than after the use of traditional F-containing toothpaste.
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Gromova, S. N., A. V. Elikov, N. Yu Ogorodova, O. A. Pishkina, Ya P. Gromov, N. A. Guzhavina, and A. K. Koledaeva. "Experience in the toothpaste’s hygienic effectiveness assessment by oral fluid biochemical parameters." Pediatric dentistry and dental prophylaxis 22, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3031-2022-22-2-133-142.
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Relevance. The oral hygiene and prevention quality depends on toothpaste. The literature analysis shows the underuse of saliva biochemical parameters for assessing oral hygiene product effectiveness.Materials and methods. Thirty-three subjects aged 19 to 22 years participated in the study. The participants used four kinds of toothpaste by the same manufacturer to evaluate the toothpaste’s effectiveness. We conducted clinical examinations and collected saliva samples on the 1st, 14th and 28th days of the study. The saliva was collected on an empty stomach without stimulation in the morning. Then it was centrifuged. The supernatant was biochemically studied.Results. The study established the criteria for the toothpaste’s low effectiveness, which involve a signifcant increase in hygienic indices and total antioxidant activity, associated with a statistically signifcant trend towards an increase in lactate content. The criteria for a toothpaste with medium effectiveness are a signifcant decrease in one of the hygienic indices, associated with an alkaline pH shift, and an increase in the total antioxidant activity, without signifcant changes in the lactate content. The criteria for a highly effective toothpaste are a signifcant decrease in hygienic indices, and an alkaline pH shift, associated with a signifcant lactate decrease. Determination of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the oral fluid may be crucial for assessing the toothpaste remineralizing properties. The glucose content in mixed saliva yields little information for the toothpaste’s hygienic effectiveness assessment.Conclusion. We can recommend saliva biochemical parameters for assessing the oral hygiene status and the effectiveness of oral hygiene products during oral hygiene product comprehensive studies.
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Monterubbianesi, Riccardo, Scilla Sparabombe, Vincenzo Tosco, Fabia Profili, Marco Mascitti, Andrell Hosein, Angelo Putignano, and Giovanna Orsini. "Can Desensitizing Toothpastes Also Have an Effect on Gingival Inflammation? A Double-Blind, Three-Treatment Crossover Clinical Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 8927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238927.
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Background: Many desensitizing toothpastes exist commercially; however, few clinical trials have investigated their anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and patient appreciation of two toothpastes containing desensitizing agents: (1) a zinc-carbonate-hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (CHA) and (2) a calcium sodium phosphosilicate bioactive glass (CSPS). Methods: CHA and CSPS were compared with an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial herbal based toothpaste (HB). The aims were accomplished by comparing the following outcomes: (1) the reduction in plaque and bleeding score (Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) and Full Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS), respectively); (2) the antibacterial activity (AbA) of the toothpaste by saliva samples; (3) the patient appreciation score (Visual Analogue Scale; VAS). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 14 days post-treatment. Results: The final sample consisted of 25 subjects, aged between 20 and 58 years. Although no differences in FMPS were reported (p > 0.05), both desensitizing toothpastes showed an improvement in FMBS. CSPS and HB recorded more AbA compared to CHA (p < 0.05). Moreover, HB resulted in a higher VAS score than both desensitizing toothpastes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, only CSPS displayed a similar anti-inflammatory effect compared to HB. Despite the low VAS score, CSPS could be considered as a valid and effective toothpaste in subjects with both dentin hypersensitivity and inflamed gums, highlighting its utility in clinical practice.
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Paqué, Pune N., Patrick R. Schmidlin, Daniel B. Wiedemeier, Florian J. Wegehaupt, Phoebe D. Burrer, Philipp Körner, Shengjile Deari, Michel-Angelo Sciotti, and Thomas Attin. "Toothpastes with Enzymes Support Gum Health and Reduce Plaque Formation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020835.
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Enzymes in toothpastes can support host immune responses, and thus maintain oral health. This study aimed to investigate gingival health and the plaque-reducing effects of enzyme-containing toothpastes. A laboratory study tested the antimicrobial potential of different enzyme-containing toothpaste formulations. Two promising formulations (enzyme-containing toothpastes with glucose oxidase and D-glucose with (C+) and without Citrox (C−) Citrox) were investigated in a clinical crossover trial (two slurries: sodium lauryl sulfate-containing (SLS), a toothpaste without SLS (reference), and water). Subjects (n = 20) abstained from toothbrushing for four days and rinsed with a toothpaste slurry. Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices (PI) were measured. A mixed linear model was used to statistically compare the slurries with respect to BOP and PI change. The in vitro bacterial growth-inhibiting evaluation showed the best results for SLS, followed by C+ and C−. The change in BOP and PI exhibited statistically significant differences to water rinsing (BOP; PI changes in % points (difference of the baseline and post-rinse values: water = 8.8%; 90.0%; C+ = −1.4%; 80.4%; SLS = 1.5%; 72.1%; reference = 0.8%; 77.5%; C− = −1.8%; 75.1%). All slurries exhibited anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque effects, resulting in a prophylactic benefit for limited-access regions during brushing.
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Gjorgievska, Elizabeta S., John W. Nicholson, Ian J. Slipper, and Marija M. Stevanovic. "Remineralization of Demineralized Enamel by Toothpastes: A Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, and Three-Dimensional Stereo-Micrographic Study." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 3 (May 9, 2013): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613000391.
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AbstractRemineralization of hard dental tissues is thought to be a tool that could close the gap between prevention and surgical procedures in clinical dentistry. The purpose of this study was to examine the remineralizing potential of different toothpaste formulations: toothpastes containing bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite, or strontium acetate with fluoride, when applied to demineralized enamel. Results obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM/energy dispersive X-ray analyses proved that the hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass-containing toothpastes were highly efficient in promoting enamel remineralization by formation of deposits and a protective layer on the surface of the demineralized enamel, whereas the toothpaste containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride as NaF had little, if any, remineralization potential. In conclusion, the treatment of demineralized teeth with toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite or bioactive glass resulted in repair of the damaged tissue.
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Behnaz, Mohammad, Kazem Dalaie, Sepanta Hosseinpour, Fatemeh Namvar, and Leila Kazemi. "The effect of toothpastes with bleaching agents on the force decay of elastomeric orthodontic chains." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_83_17.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of agents available in whitening toothpastes (Crest® and Sensodyne®) in vitro on the force decay of elastomeric chains used in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 specimens of elastomeric chains were divided into five groups (n = 60) and were evaluated. These groups included (1) the regular Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (2) whitening Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (3) regular Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (4) whitening Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, and (5) distilled water as a control group. The samples' force was measured using Instron at intervals of 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: At the initial time point, the difference in the force values of elastomeric chain between any of the groups was not significant (P > 0.05). On the 1st day, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between all groups except the groups of whitening Crest®, regular, and whitening Sensodyne® (P > 0.05). On days 7, 14, and 28, the rate of decline for all groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results obtained in the present study, it seems that toothpastes without whitening agents have less effect on force decay of elastomeric chain over time.
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Rossi, Andiara De, Danielly Cunha Araújo Ferreira, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, and Paulo Nelson-Filho. "Antimicrobial Activity of Toothpastes Containing Natural Extracts, Chlorhexidine or Triclosan." Brazilian Dental Journal 25, no. 3 (July 2014): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300027.
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Abstract: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of toothpastes containing natural extracts, chlorhexidine or triclosan. The effectiveness of toothpastes containing natural extracts (Parodontax(r)), 0.12% chlorhexidine (Cariax(r)), 0.3% triclosan (Sanogil(r)) or fluoride (Sorriso(r), control) was evaluated against yeasts, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the disk diffusion method. Water was used as a control. Disks impregnated with the toothpastes were placed in Petri dishes containing culture media inoculated with 23 indicative microorganisms by the pour plate method. After incubation, the inhibition growth halos were measured and statistical analyses (α=0.05) were performed. The results indicated that all formulations, except for conventional toothpaste (Sorriso(r)), showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. The toothpaste containing natural extracts (Parodontax(r)) was the only product able to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The toothpastes containing chlorhexidine, triclosan or natural extracts presented antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts.
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Bhavesh, S., R. Geetha, and T. Lakshmi. "Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Tooth Pastes with Herbal Formulation, Probiotics and Fluoride Against Oral Pathogens." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 13, no. 5 (2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.05.09.
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Background: In recent years, the negative consequences of fluoride toothpaste have come to the attention of consumers, and herbal products have gained popularity as alternatives in the fight against tooth decay. Studies have concentrated on the advantages of herbal essential oils due to their antibacterial properties. Aim: To compare the antibacterial properties of toothpaste with fluoride, probiotics and fluoride against oral pathogens. Materials and methods: Antimicrobial activities of probiotic, fluoridated and herbal toothpastes were assessed at different concentrations. Antimicrobial property was evaluated by determining the zone of inhibition using agar well diffusion method. The plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After the incubation time the zones of inhibition were measured. Results: It was observed that the sample with probiotics and herbal formulation had higher zones of inhibition than the sample with fluoride. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that usage of toothpaste with probiotics and herbal formulation is more efficient than toothpaste with fluoride
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Butera, Andrea, Simone Gallo, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Mona A. Montasser, Mohammad H. Abd El Latief, Gioia Giada Modica, and Andrea Scribante. "Home Oral Care with Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite vs. Conventional Fluoridated Toothpaste for the Remineralization and Desensitizing of White Spot Lesions: Randomized Clinical Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 8676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148676.
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Introduction: Biomimetic hydroxyapatite-based toothpastes have been investigated in recent years for their remineralizing activity on dental surfaces. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of toothpaste containing biomimetic hydroxyapatite versus a 1450 pppm fluoride one in promoting the remineralization and desensitization of white spot lesions. Methods: 40 patients were randomly assigned to two different domiciliary oral hygiene treatments: toothpaste containing 1450 ppm of fluoride (control group) and toothpaste containing biomimetic hydroxyapatite (experimental group). Dental sensitivity/pain and dental erosion were assessed at baseline and after 15, 30, and 90 days using the following indexes: Schiff Air Index (SAI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). Results: Data were submitted for statistical analysis. SAI significantly decreased after 3 months (T3) of treatment only in the Trial group (p < 0.05). VAS values significantly decreased at T2 in the trial group (p < 0.05) with a further significant reduction at T3 (p < 0.05). BEWE scores did not significantly vary during the follow up neither in the trial nor in the control group. Conclusions: The hydroxyapatite-based toothpaste tested caused a reduction of hypersensitivity/pain values higher than conventional fluoride toothpaste.
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Shamel, Mohamed, Mahmoud M. Al-Ankily, and Mahmoud M. Bakr. "Influence of different types of whitening tooth pastes on the tooth color, enamel surface roughness and enamel morphology of human teeth." F1000Research 8 (October 16, 2019): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20811.1.
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Background: Tooth whitening usually includes the direct use of gels containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on the tooth enamel surface through a wide variety of products formulas. A generally new advancement in whitening of teeth uses the significant importance of the tooth color shift from yellow to blue in delivering a general enhancement in the observation of tooth whiteness. The aim of the current work was to measure the tooth whitening effects, surface roughness and enamel morphology of six different types of blue covarine-containing and blue covarine-free toothpastes using in vitro models. Methods: A total of 70 sound extracted human premolars were randomly and equally divided into seven groups, and each subjected to tooth brushing using different toothpastes. Tooth color and enamel surface roughness were measured before and after the brushing procedure using a white light interferometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess tooth surface after the procedure. Results: Toothpaste containing blue covarine resulted in the greatest improvement in tooth color amongst all groups as well as a statistically significant color difference when compared to blue covarine-free toothpaste. Furthermore, blue covarine-containing toothpaste resulted in fewer morphological changes to the enamel surface. This was confirmed with SEM images that showed smooth enamel surfaces with fine scratches. Conclusions: The results from the present study show that blue covarine containing toothpastes are reliable, effective in tooth whitening and produce less surface abrasion when compared to blue covarine-free toothpastes.
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Nehme, Marc, Peter Jeffery, Stephen Mason, Frank Lippert, Domenick T. Zero, and Anderson T. Hara. "Erosion Remineralization Efficacy of Gel-to-Foam Fluoride Toothpastes in situ: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Caries Research 50, no. 1 (2016): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443187.
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This single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, four-treatment, four-period crossover study compared the enamel remineralization effects of low- and medium-abrasivity gel-to-foam toothpastes and a reference toothpaste (all 1,450 ppm fluoride as NaF) versus placebo toothpaste (0 ppm fluoride) using a short-term in situ erosion model. Subjects (n = 56) wearing a palatal appliance holding acid-softened bovine enamel specimens brushed their teeth with the test toothpastes. Thereafter, the specimens were removed for analysis of percent surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) and percent relative erosion resistance (%RER) at 2, 4, and 8 h. Both low- and medium-abrasivity gel-to-foam fluoride toothpastes and the reference toothpaste provided significantly greater %SMHR than placebo at all assessment time points (all p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference of %SMHR was observed between the fluoride treatment groups at any time point. Similarly, all fluoride products provided significantly superior %RER versus placebo (all p < 0.0001), whereas no significant difference of this parameter was noted between the fluoride treatment groups. Increasing numerical improvements of %SMHR and %RER were observed in all four treatment groups over time (2, 4, and 8 h). The present in situ model is a sensitive tool to investigate intrinsic and fluoride-enhanced rehardening of eroded enamel. All three fluoride toothpastes were more efficacious than placebo, and there were no safety concerns following single dosing in this short-term in situ model.
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Golfeshan, Farzaneh, Seyed Ali Mosaddad, and Faezeh Ghaderi. "The Effect of Toothpastes Containing Natural Ingredients Such As Theobromine and Caffeine on Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (October 22, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3304543.
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The current study aimed to investigate the effect of biocompatible kinds of toothpastes containing natural ingredients such as theobromine and caffeine on the enamel microhardness after demineralization. 72 maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in this study. Primary enamel surface microhardness examinations were performed using a Digital Micro Vickers Hardness Tester following the Knoop technique (50 g load for 15 s with three indentations at various points). The specimens were immersed in lactic acid (pH = 5.4) for 7 days, washed with distilled water, dried, and then retested for microhardness. According to the type of toothpaste used for brushing, all specimens were categorized as follows: Group 1, Theodent classic® toothpaste (theobromine); Group 2, Power Energy toothpaste (caffeine); Group 3, Colgate toothpaste (fluoride); and Group 4, distilled water as the negative control. The specimens were retested for enamel microhardness after brushing 2 times a day for one month. After brushing with different types of toothpaste, for all experiment groups, the increase in microhardness values in the demineralized enamel surfaces was significant and there were significant differences between them ( p value <0.05). The fluoride group had the highest microhardness and had a significant difference with the caffeine and distilled water groups, but there was no significant difference with the theobromine group ( p value <0.05). In the theobromine group, the hardness was considerably higher than in the caffeine and distilled water groups. There was no significant difference between the caffeine and distilled water groups. Theobromine toothpaste had the same remineralization effect as that of fluoride toothpaste, while caffeine toothpaste had no positive effect on the remineralization process.
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Ogboji, Joel, I. Y. Chindo, Aliyu Jauro, D. Boryo, and Lawal N. M. "Formulation, physicochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of green toothpaste on streptococcus mutans." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 6, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v6i1.10808.
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Background: Toothpaste is a cosmetic product with increasing relevance and demand. However most commercial toothpaste consist of complex chemicals whose health safety remain unclear.Objectives: The present work involves the formulation, and comparative physicochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of green toothpaste and three commercial toothpastes (Close-Up, Oral-B and Dabur-Herbal)Methods: The green toothpaste were formulated using Tumeric (Curcuma longa), Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller), Guava (Psidium guajava), Mint (Mentha piperita), Neem (Azadirachta indica), and Lemon (Citrus lemon) as the active ingredients and comparatively evaluated for various properties like colour, taste, odor, texture, abrasivity, spreadability, cleansing ability, foaming ability, stability, homogeneity, moisture content, gritty matter and pH. The antimicrobial activity of the formula was comparatively tested on Streptococcus mutans (the major causative organism of dental caries).Results: Cold extracts of plant materials with ethanol showed a relative low (3.6% - 6.8%) percentage recovery of bioactive compounds. Physico-chemical tests revealed that the spreadability, pH, foam, gritty matter and homogeneity gave favourable results that compares well with commercial ones. The result of the antimicrobial test shows significant difference between the mean zones of inhibition of the various toothpastes.Conclusion: The results of the study agree with traditional application of the herbaceous plants and showed that the formulated toothpaste contains phytochemicals which possess antimicrobial properties and may be safer compared to toothpaste consisting of synthetic chemicals.
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Zero, D. T., V. C. C. Marinho, and P. Phantumvanit. "Effective Use of Self-care Fluoride Administration in Asia." Advances in Dental Research 24, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511431262.
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The caries-preventive benefits of fluoride are generally accepted by dental researchers and practicing professionals worldwide. The benefits of fluoride toothpastes and mouthrinses have been supported by several high-quality systematic reviews. The formulation of a fluoride toothpaste and biological (salivary flow rate) and behavioral factors (brushing frequency, brushing time, post-brushing rinsing practices, timing of brushing, and amount of toothpaste applied) can influence anticaries efficacy. Fluoride mouthrinses have simpler formulations and can have better oral fluoride retention profiles than fluoride toothpastes, depending on post-brushing rinsing behaviors. Fluoride continues to be the mainstay of caries control; however, there is still the need to determine the most effective approach for fluoride utilization in children and adults who remain caries-active.
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Chandramohan, M., S. W Chan, P. Paulraj, P. T Mohamed Javad, P. Sajeesh, K. P Sajna, and T. Ketharin. "An in Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy of Local Brands of Toothpastes and Mouthrinses in Malaysian Market on Selected Oral Pathogens." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27471.
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Oral disease affects a considerable portion of population and is considered one of the major causes of tooth loss in developed and developing countries. An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of toothpastes and mouthrinses towards oral pathogens which are found to cause most of the oral diseases such as gingivitis and dental plague. In this study, a total of five toothpastes and four mouthrinses were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against five oral pathogens such as Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streprococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The efficacy of different concentration of the toothpastes and mouthrinses were assessed by agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc least square differences (LSD) method (p=0.05). Toothpaste B gave the maximum zone of inhibition against tested organisms, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus oralis. Toothpaste C and E gave the maximum zone of inhibition against Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans respectively. Toothpaste A was most effective against Candida albicans. Mouthrinse G was most effective against Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis and Candida albicans. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that dentifrices which contain fluoride and cetylpyridium chloride formulation gave the maximum zone of inhibition against the tested organisms compared to other active ingredients.
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Rantanen, Irma, Jorma Tenovuo, Kaisu Pienihäkkinen, and Eva Söderling. "Effects of a Betaine-containing Toothpaste on Subjective Symptoms of Dry Mouth: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 4, no. 2 (2003): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-4-2-11.
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Abstract Our aim was to study the effects of mildly flavoured sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)-containing and detergent-free toothpastes with and without betaine (BET) on subjective symptoms of dry mouth in a randomised clinical trial. BET is an osmoprotectant that reacts with molecules to supply the surface with a water coating that protects cells from surfactants. Twenty-seven xerostomic patients and 18 healthy controls took part in the randomised, double-blind clinical trial with a crossover design. Three mildly flavoured toothpastes: (1) 4% BET, (2) 1% SLS and 4% BET, and (3) 1% SLS were used for six weeks each. The reference or washout paste contained neither SLS nor BET. The subjects’ dental appointments were at the beginning of the trial and before and after the use of each toothpaste. At each appointment, the subjects were interviewed about subjective sensations of dry mouth (Visual Assessment Scoring (VAS) Index). The subjects did not report any adverse effects in connection with the use of the toothpastes. The VAS scores for lip dryness and eating difficulties were significantly lower for the BET paste (lip dryness: BET<BET+SLS; p < 0.005 and eating difficulties: BET<BET+SLS; p = 0.02; BET<reference; p = 0.003). The BET paste relieved dry mouth symptoms in 44% of the xerostomic patients, the corresponding figures for the other pastes being BET+SLS 22% (p = 0.002 as compared with BET), SLS 18% (p = 0.022), and reference 7% (p = 0.000). In conclusion, all the mildly flavoured toothpastes used in this study were well accepted by the xerostomic subjects. Thus, other toothpaste components may be more mucosa-irritating than just SLS, or else they enhance the effect of SLS. The detergent-free, BET-containing toothpaste appeared to be associated with relief of some symptoms of dry mouth. Citation Rantanen I, Tenovuo J, Pienihäkkinen K, et. al. Effects of a betaine-containing toothpaste on subjective symptoms of dry mouth, a randomised clinical trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 May;(4)2:011-023.