Relevant bibliographies by topics / Top 10% Law

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Top 10% Law'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Top 10% Law"

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Kolinsky, Dan, and David Blundell. "Top 10 Public Law Cases 2015–2016." Judicial Review 21, no. 3 (2016): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2016.1229945.

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Niu, Sunny Xinchun, Marta Tienda, and Kalena Cortes. "College selectivity and the Texas top 10% law." Economics of Education Review 25, no. 3 (2006): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.02.006.

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Poole, Anna. "Scots Public Law Update: The Top 10 for 2013." Judicial Review 19, no. 1 (2014): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2014.11426819.

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Niu, Sunny Xinchun, Teresa Sullivan, and Marta Tienda. "Minority Talent Loss and the Texas Top 10 Percent Law*." Social Science Quarterly 89, no. 4 (2008): 831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00586.x.

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Themistocleous, Chloe. "Top 10 employment law myths every home should know about." Nursing and Residential Care 19, no. 9 (2017): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2017.19.9.522.

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Harris, Angel L., and Marta Tienda. "Hispanics in Higher Education and the Texas Top 10% Law." Race and Social Problems 4, no. 1 (2012): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12552-012-9065-7.

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Tanick, Marshall H. "Bracing yourself to deal with the top 10 employment law problems." Seminars in Orthodontics 3, no. 2 (1997): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1073-8746(97)80047-3.

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Lloyd, K. M., K. T. Leicht, and T. A. Sullivan. "Minority College Aspirations, Expectations and Applications under the Texas Top 10% Law." Social Forces 86, no. 3 (2008): 1105–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0012.

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Tienda, Marta, and Sunny Xinchun Niu. "Capitalizing on Segregation, Pretending Neutrality: College Admissions and the Texas Top 10% Law." American Law and Economics Review 8, no. 2 (2006): 312–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahl006.

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Bair, Jeffrey H., Myron Boor, and Alfredo Montalvo. "Hiring Practices in Canadian Legal Education: Linkages among Top Ranked Law Schools." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (1999): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1197.

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The top ranked Canadian law schools were not linked to one another by employing one another's graduates as were the top ranked U.S. law schools. The four top ranked Canadian law schools, however, employed more faculty members with terminal law degrees from the 10 top ranked U.S. law schools than did the 12 lower ranked Canadian law schools.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Top 10% Law"

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Martinez, Rose Marie 1966. "The road less traveled : factors affecting community college transfer student admission to a public flagship university." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1246.

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Although much has been written about the challenges affecting transfer students, a mixed method study on transfer admission, particularly at the institutional level is an intriguing, albeit unexplored endeavor. In Texas, there is an added dimension of interest given the presence and popularity of the Top 10% Law. This study sought to provide a comprehensive portrait of transfer admission at The University of Texas at Austin from the 1990s to 2007. A sequential explanatory design was employed to identify changes in transfer admission policy and practice and to address if there were differences in admission rates among the major transfer pathways to the state’s largest flagship institution (Creswell, Plano Clark, Gutmann, & Hanson, 2003). Two main conclusions emerged from this study. First, transfer admission became more competitive and selective after the passage of the state’s Top 10% Law in 1997. Second, qualitative and quantitative findings suggested the implementation of a conditional transfer guarantee program for highly selective freshman applicants resulted in significantly less opportunity for transfer applicants from community colleges and other transfer routes to be admitted. Based on these findings, recommendations included reinvesting in a community college transfer student recruitment and scholarship program and significantly reducing the size of the university’s conditional transfer guarantee program for admissible freshmen applicants. A final suggestion was to identify and value the community college route in the holistic transfer admission process given the large proportion of first-generation college, low-income students who comprise this population. To avoid perceptions of sponsored mobility and to promote a social justice rationale, a pre-selection transfer program to prospective freshmen should be revisited given the adverse effects on the community college transfer population. With over 600,000 students enrolled in Texas 2-year colleges, a viable pathway to the state’s most prestigious flagship university provides increased opportunities for social mobility to the many competitively admissible first-generation and low-income students populating public 2-year colleges and seeking a baccalaureate degree from UT Austin.<br>text
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Books on the topic "Top 10% Law"

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Swartz, Tara M., William V. Hoch, and Mary E. O'Neal. Top 10 tricky FMLA situations & solutions: A series of case hypotheticals. MCLE New England, 2015.

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Inc, DK Publishing, ed. Top 10 Las Vegas. DK Pub., 2011.

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Owen, Ruth. Top 10 fastest. Crabtree Pub. Co., 2010.

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Owen, Ruth. Top 10 fastest. Crabtree Pub., 2010.

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Bryson, Ellen. Top 10 ways family foundations get into trouble. 2nd ed. Council on Foundations, Inc., 2005.

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Plato. Laws 10. Clarendon Press, 2008.

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Rosen, Mark L. Physician's malpractice survival guide: 10 steps to protect your assets before it's too late. 2nd ed. Xlibris, 2008.

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Larry, Parker. Acid rain control: What is a 10 million ton SOb2s reduction? Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1989.

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Top 10 issues in ADA compliance: Special report. Business & Legal Reports, 2005.

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Yianilos, Christopher J. Law School Breakthrough: Graduate in the Top 10% of Your Class, Even If You're Not a First-Rate Student. Red Wheel/Weiser, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Top 10% Law"

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Shatto, Susan. "The Law-Writer." In The Companion to ‘Bleak House’. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196051-10.

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Zurru, Elisabetta. "Chapter 10. The agency of The Hungry Tide." In Linguistic Approaches to Literature. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lal.28.10zur.

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Giovanelli, Marcello. "Chapter 10. Experiencing literature in the poetry classroom." In Linguistic Approaches to Literature. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lal.32.10gio.

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Zyngier, Sonia. "10. Macbeth through the computer: Literary evaluation and pedagogical implications." In Linguistic Approaches to Literature. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lal.4.13zyn.

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Canotilho, Mariana. "Constitutional law and crisis." In New Challenges to Constitutional Adjudication in Europe. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315164632-10.

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Janssen, Tanja, and Martine Braaksma. "Chapter 10. Effects of creative writing on adolescent students’ literary response." In Linguistic Approaches to Literature. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lal.24.10jan.

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Waygood, Adrian. "Ohm's Law of constant proportionality." In An Introduction to Electrical Science. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351190435-10.

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Reding, Colleen. "University of Texas School of Law." In Grad's Guide to Graduate Admissions Essays. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003235361-10.

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Giovanelli, Marcello. "Chapter 10. Conceptual proximity and the experience of war in Siegfried Sassoon’s ‘A Working Party’." In Linguistic Approaches to Literature. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lal.17.10gio.

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Head, Michael, and Kristian Boehringer. "Martial law, official lawlessness and judicial complicity." In The Legal Power to Launch War. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315264943-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Top 10% Law"

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"ESTABLISHMENT AND LAUNCH OF HIGH ANTI-CORRUPTION COURT: NEW STAGE IN EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE IN COMBATING TOP CORRUPTION." In Global Business and Law Development Imperatives. Київський національний торговельно-економічний університет, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/k.knute.2019-10-10.84.

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Khezzar, Lyes, and Dennis Siginer. "Natural Convection With Non-Newtonian Shear-Thinning Power Law Fluids in Inclined Two Dimensional Rectangular Cavities." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12748.

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Steady two-dimensional natural convection in rectangular cavities has been investigated numerically. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy under the assumption of a Newtonian Boussinesq fluid have been solved using the finite volume technique embedded in the Fluent code for a Newtonian (water) and three non Newtonian carbopol fluids. The highly accurate Quick differential scheme was used for discretization. The computations were performed for one Rayleigh number, based on cavity height, of 105 and a Prandtl number of 10 and 700, 6,000 and 1.2×104 for the Newtonian and the three non-Newtonian fluids respectively. In all of the numerical experiments, the channel is heated from below and cooled from the top with insulated side-walls and the inclination angle is varied. The simulations have been carried out for one aspect ratio of 6. Comparison between the Newtonian and the non-Newtonian cases is conducted based on the behaviour of the average Nusselt number with angle of inclination. Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids exhibit similar behavior with a sudden drop around an angle of 50° associated with flow mode transition from multi-cell to single-cell mode.
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Dehghan, Ali A., Mohammad H. Hosni, and S. Hoda Shiryazdi. "Experimental Evaluation of the Thermal Behavior of a Vertical Solar Tank Using Energy and Exergy Analysis." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80468.

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The thermal performance of a Thermosyphon Domestic Solar Water Heater (DSWH) with a vertical storage tank is investigated experimentally. The system is installed on a roof - top of a four person family house and its thermal characteristics is evaluated by means of carefully measuring the temperature distribution of water inside the storage tank, solar collector flow rate and its inlet and outlet temperatures as well as load/consumption outlet and inlet temperatures and the corresponding water flow rate under a realistic operating conditions. The measurements are conducted every hour starting from morning until late night on a daily basis and continued for about 120 days during August until November 2004. It is seen that thermal stratification is well established inside the tank from 11 AM until 10 PM especially during August to September enabling the tank to provide the necessary amount of hot water at an acceptable temperature. However, thermal stratification is observed to start degrading from mid-night until morning when there is no hot water supply from the collector and due to the diffusion of heat from the top hot water layers to the bottom cold region and conduction through tank’s wall. The thermal behavior of the storage tank is also assessed based on both energy and exergy analysis and its first and second law efficiencies are calculated. It is observed that the storage tank under study has an average first law efficiency of 47.8% and is able to supply the required amount of hot water at a proper temperature. The average second law efficiency of the storage tank is observed to be 28.7% and, although is less than its first low efficiency, but is high enough to ensure that the quality of the hot water supply is well preserved. The proper level of second law efficiency is due to the preservation of the thermal stratification inside the storage tank, leading to supply of hot water at highest possible temperature and hence highest possible energy potential. Experiments are also done for no-load conditions when the storage tank only interacts with the collector, without hot water withdrawal from the tank. It is seen that for no-load condition, thermal stratification continuously develops from morning until around 16 PM after which no noticeable changes in the temperature distribution inside the tank is observed.
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Juneau-Fecteau, Alexandre, Ali Belarouci, and Luc G. Fréchette. "Enhanced Coherent Thermal Emission From SiO2 on a Porous Silicon Photonic Crystal." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4891.

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We show that coherent thermal emission from an amorphous SiO2 thin film can be significantly enhanced by placing it on top of a photonic crystal (PC). To demonstrate this principle, we simulated the reflectance and transmittance of a 1 micron thick layer of SiO2 on a 20 layers PC using the scattering matrix method and finite difference numerical computations. Emissivity, calculated using Kirchhoff’s law, reaches unity at a peak wavelength around 10 microns due to overlapping of the PC’s forbidden band with bulk phonon-polariton modes in SiO2. This region of the electromagnetic spectrum is of particular interest for many technological applications as it corresponds roughly to maximum thermal emission from a blackbody at room temperature. In order to validate these theoretical predictions, a PSi multilayer was fabricated by electrochemical dissolution of p-type Si in HF with current density modulated as a function of time to produce alternating layers of two different porosities with different refractive indices. A 1 micron thick layer of SiO2 was then deposited on top of the resulting PC by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Reflectance of the PC was measured at normal incidence using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) before and after SiO2 deposition and matches the simulations.
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Wu, Qianying, Chi Zhang, Mehdi Asheghi, and Kenneth Goodson. "Design and Fabrication of Graded Copper Inverse Opals (g-CIOs) for Capillary-Fed Boiling in High Heat Flux Cooling Applications." In ASME 2020 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2020-2603.

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Abstract Capillary-fed boiling in microporous copper inverse opals (CIOs) is capable of removing an excess of 1 kW/cm2 at 10–15 °C superheat over small wicking distances ∼ 200 μm. In order to remove heat from large area chips (&amp;gt; 1 cm2), longer capillary wicking distance is desired to reduce the manufacturing complexity of the 3D manifold for liquid delivery and vapor extraction. In this study, we propose graded copper inverse opals (g-CIOs) where smaller pores at the bottom provide high capillary pressure for liquid delivery, while larger pores at the top reduce viscous pressure drop for vapor extraction. This nonhomogeneous wicking material decouples the permeability and capillary pressure in the vertical and lateral directions, resulting in greater CHFs and capillary wicking distances. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating g-CIOs material with up to three different pore diameters (2 μm, 5 μm, and 10 μm) using a multi-step template sintering and copper electrodeposition process. We then leverage and expand upon a well-calibrated experimental model for the prediction of CHF in monoporous CIOs to map the performance metrics for g-CIOs. The model combines a hydraulic resistance network with Darcy’s law and accounts for the nonhomogeneous permeabilities in lateral and vertical directions. Using this model, we study the impact of total wick thickness and graded pore-size combinations on the critical heat fluxes and wicking distances. Our modeling results conclude that a two-layer g-CIOs can potentially reach ∼70% enhancement in the critical heat flux or ∼30% enhancement in the wicking length compared to monoporous CIOs of the same thickness. Our fabrication capability and preliminary modeling results offer the opportunity to design boiling tests with optimized g-CIOs and exploring the potential of dissipating high heat flux for large area cooling applications.
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H. Andrew, Lachlan, Irena Atov, David Kennedy, and Bartek Wydrowski. "Evaluation of FAST TCP in Low-Speed DOCSIS-based Access Networks." In TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2005.300974.

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Kitazawa, Daisuke, Hiroki Shimizu, and Yoichi Mizukami. "Tank Model Testing on the Fish Cage Installed in Variable Depths in Current and Waves." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11239.

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A fish cage should be submerged to reduce hydrodynamic forces from high waves if the fish cage is installed in an exposed sea area. Usually, the submergible fish cage is suspended from the framework at a fixed depth. The framework is set by floats and anchors at the middle position between water surface and the top surface of the submergible fish cage. The submergible fish cage will be used not only for reduction of hydrodynamic forces but for the other purposes such as choosing the best environment for cultured fishes in the vertical direction, and escaping from the flood with high-level nitrogen or turbidity, harmful algal blooming, and floating ices. In such cases, it is useful for the fish cage to be installed in variable depths. The purpose of the present study is to examine the safety of the fish cage installed in variable depths in current and waves by means of tank model testing. The mooring system consists of a fish cage and four floats. The vertical position of the fish cage is variable by adjusting the buoyancy of these floats. First, the drag of the fish cage was examined by towing test, and the results were compared with the drag estimated by the existing studies. The effects of interaction among twines, the angle of attack, wake, and the top and bottom nets were discussed. Then the fish cage was moored in the water tank, which has the length of 50 m and the width of 10 m. The tank model has a scale of 1/100 of the full-scale model of the fish cage used for tuna farming. The model was made according to Tauti’s similarity law. The water depth was set at 0.68 m by adjusting the position of the variable floor. The motion of the fish cage and four floats, and the tension of the mooring lines between the fish cage, floats, and anchors were measured by the underwater video camera and load cells, respectively. As a result, the drag of the fish cage could be estimated from the experimental results of the drag of a plane net since the results include the effect of interaction among twines. The effects of the angle of attack and the reduction in water current velocity inside the cage were also taken into account. The drag of the fish cage could be estimated well by the above method, while it was underestimated by 10% in comparison with the experimental data. In the water tank testing of the mooring system, the tension of the mooring line increased rapidly with the increase in water current velocity since the drag of the fish cage was proportional to the 1.8th power of water current velocity and increased due to the inclination of the fish cage. The increase in the tension due to wave-induced forces to the fish cage could be negligible when the fish cage was submerged. The safety and the design guideline of the mooring system should be assessed by the simulations using a numerical model, which is being developed by the authors. The experimental data obtained in the present study will be useful for the validation of the numerical model.
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Wang, Guang, and Wuli Chu. "Numerical Investigation of Active Flow Control Using Tip Synthetic Jet on the Performance of a High-Speed Axial Compressor Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14284.

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Abstract In order to weaken the negative effect of tip leakage flow and improve the tip flow condition, this paper introduces synthetic jet into the flow control field of axial compressor, and proposes a method of active flow control by arranging synthetic jet at the tip. A high-speed axial compressor rotor of the author’s research group is taken as the numerical simulation object. On the basis of keeping geometric parameters of the synthetic jet actuator unchanged, this paper studies the influence of applying tip synthetic jet on aerodynamic performance of the compressor rotor at three axial positions of −10%Ca, 0%Ca and 21.35%Ca respectively. The results show that when tip synthetic jet is in the above three positions, comprehensive stability margin of the compressor rotor increases by 2.62%, 3.77% and 12.46% respectively, and efficiency near stall point increases by 0.22%, 0.25 and 0.47% respectively. This shows that when tip synthetic jet is far away from blade, the aerodynamic performance improvement of the compressor rotor is limited, and when tip synthetic jet is just above the leading edge, the effect of expanding stability is the best and the efficiency is the most improved. The mechanism of tip synthetic jet can increase the stability of the compressor rotor is that when the actuator is in the blowing stage, it can blow the low-speed air flow of blade top to downstream, and when the actuator is in the suction stage, it can suck the low-speed air flow of blade top into slot, so as to alleviate the top blockage and realize the stability expansion. The mechanism of tip synthetic jet can improve the efficiency of compressor rotor is that the blowing and suction of actuator weaken the intensity of tip leakage flow, reduce the size of vortex core and also reduce the flow loss of the compressor rotor correspondingly.
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"SPDM Constrained Motion - Modelling, Analysis and Controller Design." In 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-04-t.p.10.

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Li Ding, Ping Kang, Wenbo Yin, and Linli Wang. "Hardware TCP Offload Engine based on 10-Gbps Ethernet for low-latency network communication." In 2016 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2016.7929550.

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Reports on the topic "Top 10% Law"

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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.

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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030
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Wiser, W. H., and A. G. Oblad. High conversion of coal to transportation fuels for the future with low HC gas production. Progress report Number 10, January 1--March 31, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/86994.

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Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.

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Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribution of the forest floor to the total BRF was up to 69 % in the red wavelength range and up to 54 % in the NIR wavelength range. Values of SR and NDVI for the forest and the canopy differed within 10 % and 30 % in red and within 1 % and 10 % in the NIR wavelength range. The relative variation of the BRF with the azimuth and view zenith angles was not very sensitive to the forest floor vegetation. Hence, linear correlation of the modelled total BRF and the Ross-thick kernel was strong for dense forests (R2 &gt; 0.9). The agreement between modelled BRF and satellite-based reflectance values was good when measured LAI, clumping index and leaf single scattering albedo values for a boreal forest were used as input to the model.
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Fall, Kelsey, David Perkey, Zachary Tyler, and Timothy Welp. Field measurement and monitoring of hydrodynamic and suspended sediment within the Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory, New Jersey. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40980.

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The Seven Mile Island Innovation Laboratory (SMIIL) was launched in 2019 to evaluate beneficial use of dredge material management practices in coastal New Jersey. As part of that effort, the Philadelphia District requested that the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, collect data to characterize the hydrodynamics and turbidity within the central portions of the SMIIL prior to and during dredge material placement. Pre-dredge monitoring found that apart from punctuated wind events, the study area waters were generally calm and clear with small waves, &lt;0.25 m, slow current speeds (~0.1 m/s), low turbidity (~10 ntus), and low suspended sediment concentrations (~10–20 mg/L). In March 2020, 2,475 m³ of dredged sediment was placed on the northern portion of Sturgeon Island within the SMIIL. Turbidity in the waters surrounding the island was monitored to quantify extent of the sediment plume resulting from the placement. Observations found little to no turbidity plume associated with the dredging operations beyond 20 m from the island and that the plume was largely limited to areas near a tidal creek draining the placement area. Additionally, turbidity levels quickly returned to background conditions at times when the dredge was not in operation.
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Thomas, Douglas, and Mellon Michael. Sublimation of terrestrial permafrost and the implications for ice-loss processes on Mars. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41244.

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Sublimation of ice is rate-controlled by vapor transport away from its outer surface and may have generated landforms on Mars. In ice-cemented ground (permafrost), the lag of soil particles remaining after ice loss decreases subsequent sublimation. Varying soil-ice ratios lead to differential lag development. Here we report 52 years of sublimation measurements from a permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska, and constrain models of sublimation, diffusion through porous soil, and lag formation. We derive the first long-term in situ effective diffusion coefficient of ice-free loess, a Mars analog soil, of 9.05 × 10⁻⁶ m² s⁻¹, ~5× larger than past theoretical studies. Exposed ice-wedge sublimation proceeds ~4× faster than predicted from analogy to heat loss by buoyant convection, a theory frequently employed in Mars studies. Our results can be used to map near-surface ice-content differences, identify surface processes controlling landform formation and morphology, and identify target landing sites for human exploration of Mars.
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6

Young, Craig. Problematic plant monitoring in Hopewell Culture National Historical Park: 2008–2019. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286658.

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Managers are challenged with the impact of problematic plants, including exotic, invasive, and pest plant species. Information on the cover and frequency of these plants is essential for developing risk-based approaches to managing these species. Based on surveys conducted in 2008, 2011, 2015, and 2019, Heartland Network staff and contractors identified a cumulative total of 51 potentially problematic plant species in Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. Of the 37 species found in 2019, we characterized 7 as very low frequency, 9 as low frequency, 17 as medium frequency, and 4 as high frequency. Of these, midpoint cover estimates of 2 medium frequency and 2 high frequency species exceeded the 10-acre threshold. Because of the number, extent, and cover of problematic plants in the park and the small park size, control efforts should focus on treating high priority species across the entire park. High priority species may include plant species capable of rapid spread, species at low population levels, and species which can effectively be controlled.
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7

Aromi, J. Daniel, María Paula Bonel, Julián Cristia, Martín Llada, and Luis Palomino. Socioeconomic Status and Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Eight Large Latin American Cities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003315.

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This study analyzes mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic for eight large Latin American cities. Indicators of mobility by socioeconomic status (SES) are generated by combining georeferenced mobile phone information with granular census data. Before the pandemic, a strong positive association between SES and mobility is documented. With the arrival of the pandemic, in most cases, a negative association between mobility and SES emerges. This new pattern is explained by a notably stronger reduction in mobility by high-SES individuals. A comparison of mobility for SES decile 1 vs decile 10 shows that, on average, the reduction is 75% larger in the case of decile 10. According to estimated lasso models, an indicator of government restrictions provides a parsimonious description of these heterogeneous responses. These estimations point to noticeable similarities in the patterns observed across cities. We also explore how the median distance traveled changed for individuals that travel at least 1 km (the intensive margin). We find that the reduction in mobility in this indicator was larger for high-SES individuals compared to low-SES individuals in six out of eight cities analyzed. The evidence is consistent with asymmetries in the feasibility of working from home and in the ability to smooth consumption under temporary income shocks.
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8

Karstensen, Johannes, Alexandra Andrae, Ludwig Bitzan, et al. Student cruise: Observing techniques for Physical Oceanographers Cruise No. AL529. GEOMAR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al529.

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Oct. 07 2019 – Oct. 10, 2019 Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) MNF-Pher-110The main purpose of the ALKOR cruise AL529 was the training of students in observational techniques applied by physical oceanographers. The students who participated in the trip attend the module "Measurement Methods of Oceanography" which is offered in the Bachelor program "Physics of the Earth System" at CAU Kiel. During the AL529 the students were instructed in instrument calibration and in the interpretation of measurement data at sea. In addition, the students had the opportunity to learn about working and living at sea and to explore and study the impact of physical processes in the western Baltic Sea, the sea at their doorstep. The observations show a quasi-synoptic picture of the hydrography and currents in the western Baltic Sea. Twice-repeated hydrographic and current sections across the Fehmarn Belt show well the short time scales where significant changes occur. A zonal section along the deepest topography, from about 10°40'E to 014°21'E, shows very nicely the two-layer system of outflowing low salinity and inflowing North Sea water. A bottom shield anchorage shows the currents in the water column and the near-bottom temperature and salinity variations in the Fehmarnbelt area.
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9

Young, Craig. Problematic plant monitoring in Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2006–2019. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286660.

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Managers are challenged with the impact of problematic plants, including exotic, invasive, and pest plant species. Information on the cover, distribution, and location of these plants is essential for developing risk-based approaches to managing these species. Based on surveys conducted in 2006, 2011, 2015, and 2019, Heartland Network staff and contractors identified a cumulative total of 45 potentially problematic plant taxa in Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. Of the 34 species found in 2019, we characterized 4 as very low frequency, 14 as low frequency, 9 as medium frequency, and 7 as high frequency. A single species exceeded a 10-acre threshold based on a mid-point estimate. Because of the number of problematic plant taxa, as well as the extent and cover of problematic plants in the park and the small park size, control efforts should focus on treating high priority species across the entire park. High priority species may include plant species capable of rapid spread, species at low population levels, and species which can effectively be controlled.
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10

Komppula, Birgitta, Tomi Karppinen, Henrik Virta, et al. Air quality in Finland according to air quality measurements and satellite observations. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361409.

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In this report the current air quality in Finland has been assessed with air quality measurement data and satellite observations. The assessment of ambient air concentrations included following air impurities: NO2, NOx, PM10, PM2,5, SO2, CO, O3, benzo(a)pyrene, benzene, Pb, As, Cd ja Ni. For these pollutants air quality assessment thresholds are given in air quality legislation (2008/50/EY, 2004/107/EY). Assessment has been performed for air quality zones. The main data set included air quality measurements performed in Finland during 2015–2019. Satellite observations were used as an objective assessment tool in analysis of the spatial variation of NO2 and CO concentrations. Air quality measurements show that air quality has improved in Finland in many respects. Especially the need to monitor NO2 and PM10 with continuous measurements has decreased. Growing understanding of national benzo(a)pyrene concentrations has increased the monitoring needs. Efforts to decrease ozone levels still requires international actions. SO2, CO, benzene and heavy metal concentrations are on a low level in Finland outside industrial areas and other assessment methods than continuous monitoring can be used, and the number of continuous monitoring sites has already decreased. Satellite-based concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as their spatial variation in Finland were analyzed using observations from the TROPOsperic Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). The analysis of CO over Finland was carried out for the first time in this project. Results show that overall annual CO concentrations over Finland are low and spatial variability is small. Also, NO2 concentrations over Finland are rather low, but spatial patterns are more clearly visible. The highest NO2 concentrations are observed over the largest cities. By establishing a relationship between ground-based and satellite total column concentrations, surface concentrations of NO2 and CO were estimated from the satellite data for the zones. The satellite-based estimate for annual NO2 surface concentration over Helsinki metropolitan area is 28 μg/m3, and for the rest of Finland mostly between 10–15 μg/m3. For CO the differences between monitoring areas are small, with estimates varying between 160–164 μg/m3 or in other words about 0,16 mg/m3.
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