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Books on the topic 'Top-down and bottom-up interactions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Fisher, Roy. Top down bottom up. London: Circle Press, 1990.

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2

Marilyn, Taylor. Top down meets bottom up: Neighbourhood management. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2000.

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3

Totzauer, Florian. Top-down- und Bottom-up-Ansätze im Innovationsmanagement. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06841-7.

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4

The administration of international organizations: Top down and bottom up. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2002.

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5

Johnson, H. Thomas. Relevance regained: From top-down control to bottom-up empowerment. New York: Free Press, 1992.

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6

Peacebuilding, memory and reconciliation: Bridging top-down and bottom-up approaches. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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7

Soewignjo, Ignatius. Hubungan pusat dan daerah dilihat dari pendekatan "bottom-up & top-down". [Jakarta]: Markas Besar Angkatan Bersenjata, Republik Indonesia, Lembaga Pertahanan Nasional, 1992.

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8

Ironside, R. G. The Alberta forest products industry: Top-down initiatives--bottom-up problems. [Thunder Bay, Ont.]: Lakehead Centre for Northern Studies, 1990.

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9

Winsor, John. Flipped: How bottom-up co-creation is replacing top-down innovation. Chicago: B2 Books, 2010.

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10

1959-, Winsor John, ed. Flipped: How bottom-up co-creation is replacing top-down innovation. Chicago: B2 Books, 2010.

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11

Hunt, Martina. 'Top-down' - 'bottom-up'?: A study of women's participation in NGOs in Kyrgyzstan. Oxford: INTRAC, 2001.

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12

Reid, Valerie. From top down to bottom up: A New Zealand guide to financial jargon. Christchurch [N.Z.]: Shoal Bay Press, 1996.

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13

Lemanski, Jens. Summa und System: Historie und Systematik vollendeter bottom-up- und top-down-Theorien. Münster: Mentis, 2013.

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14

Muysken, Pieter. Chapter 5 Linguistic areas, bottom-up or top-down?: The case of the Guaporé-Mamoré. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2014.

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15

Bek, David Lawrence. Post-Apartheid development in South Africa: "top-down" meets "bottom-up" in the Western Cape. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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16

S, Kikula I., and Research on Poverty Alleviation (Tanzania), eds. When bottom-up meets top-down: The limits of local participation in local government planning in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2005.

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17

Pino, Ed. Remaking our schools: From the bottom up, not the top down : what has gone wrong and new ways to fix it. Menomonie, WI: IGS Pub., 1993.

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18

Zheng, Xin. What happens in the first 200 ms of word reading: ERP studies on visual word recognition with top-down and bottom-up approaches. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Dept. of Psychology, 2008.

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19

Yayan. Analisis desain dan efektivitas kebijakan energi alternatif berbasis energi terbarukan di Indonesia dengan pendekatan model top-down bottom-up: Penelitian PPM produktif Universitas Padjadjaran : laporan akhir. Bandung: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Universitas Padjadjaran, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 2012.

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20

Hanley, Torrance C., and Kimberley J. La Pierre. Trophic Ecology: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Interactions Across Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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21

Hanley, Torrance C., and Kimberly J. La Pierre. Trophic Ecology: Bottom-Up and Top-down Interactions Across Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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22

Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Top-Down Predictions Determine Perceptions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0009.

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While bottom-up visual processing is important, the brain integrates this information with top-down, generative expectations from very early on in the visual processing hierarchy. Indeed, our brain should not be viewed as a classification system, but rather as a generative system, which perceives something by integrating sensory evidence with the available, learned, predictive knowledge about that thing. The involved generative models continuously produce expectations over time, across space, and from abstracted encodings to more concrete encodings. Bayesian information processing is the key to understand how information integration must work computationally – at least in approximation – also in the brain. Bayesian networks in the form of graphical models allow the modularization of information and the factorization of interactions, which can strongly improve the efficiency of generative models. The resulting generative models essentially produce state estimations in the form of probability densities, which are very well-suited to integrate multiple sources of information, including top-down and bottom-up ones. A hierarchical neural visual processing architecture illustrates this point even further. Finally, some well-known visual illusions are shown and the perceptions are explained by means of generative, information integrating, perceptual processes, which in all cases combine top-down prior knowledge and expectations about objects and environments with the available, bottom-up visual information.
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23

Brönmark, Christer, and Lars-Anders Hansson. Food Web Interactions in Freshwater Ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713593.003.0005.

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This chapter on food web interactions connects the organisms and their interactions with the abiotic frame and provides a helicopter perspective on the function of freshwater ecosystems. Initially, the theoretical basis for an ecosystem approach is outlined, including food web theory, the bottom-up and top-down concepts and how these have evolved in concert with empirical advances. Specifically, the concepts of cascading trophic interactions and alternative stable states are discussed both from a theoretical and empirical viewpoint, as well as in both benthic and pelagic habitats. This chapter links all components, from microbes to vertebrates, to temporal and spatial changes in abiotic features leading to successional patterns in populations and communities.
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24

Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Attention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0011.

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Cognition does not work without attention. Attention enables us to focus on particular tasks and particular aspects in the environment. Psychological insights show that attention exhibits bottom-up and top-down components. Attention is attracted from the bottom-up towards unusual, exceptional, and unexpected sensory information. Top-down attention, on the other hand, filters information dependent on the current task-oriented expectations, which depend on the available generative models. This computational interpretation enables the explanation of conjunctive and disjunctive search. Different models of attention emphasize the importance of the unfolding interaction processes and a processing bottleneck can be detected. As a result, attention can be viewed as a dynamic control process that unfolds in redundant, neural fields, in which the selection of one interpretation and thus the processing bottleneck is strongest at the current focus of attention. The actual focus of attention itself is determined by the current behavioral and cognitive goals.
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25

Aslanidis, Paris. Populism and Social Movements. Edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.23.

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Populism is usually treated as an exclusively top-down affair where political party leaders mobilize diverse constituencies to reap electoral benefits. This perspective discounts a rich universe of bottom-up populist mobilization that remains exogenous to strict electoral contestation, thus unreasonably constraining the empirical study of the phenomenon. This chapter draws from social movement studies and social psychology to examine populist social movements under a comprehensive theoretical framework, aiming to bring together theorists of populism with scholars of social mobilization and encourage their mutually beneficial interaction. It argues that populism—as a compelling political dialect—has traditionally informed and continues to inform significant waves of grassroots contention around the world, triggering seemingly extraordinary developments at the party system level while also potentially determining processes of democratization. The chapter concludes by predicting an increasing relevance for grassroots populism, urging scholars to widen their scope of study by embracing it alongside its top-down variant.
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26

Koch, Charles G., and Brian Hooks. Believe in People: Bottom-Up Solutions for a Top-Down World. Macmillan Audio, 2020.

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27

Berntson, Gary G., Peter J. Gianaros, and Manos Tsakiris. Interoception and the autonomic nervous system: Bottom-up meets top-down. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0001.

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Although the efferent role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in homeostasis has long been recognized, afferent aspects of the ANS—especially interoception—are increasingly recognized to be equally important. Interoception is fundamental to the regulation of internal physiology, particularly as it is coordinated with contextually determined and adaptive behavioral processes. A cardinal but often underappreciated feature of interoception is its role in myriad cognitive and affective processes that are integrated in health and disease. This chapter introduces the concept of interoception and outlines its historical origins and applications in multiple domains of psychology and psychobiology. It provides an overview of its peripheral and central neural substrates, and it outlines how this construct is best conceptualized within a multi-system and multi-level regulatory framework.
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28

Believe in People: Bottom-Up Solutions for a Top-Down World. St. Martin's Press, 2020.

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29

Koch, Charles G., and Brian Hooks. Believe in People: Bottom-Up Solutions for a Top-down World. St. Martin's Press, 2020.

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30

Internet und Partizipation: Bottom-up oder Top-down? Politische Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten im Internet. Springer VS, 2014.

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31

Writing successful grant proposals from the top down and the bottom up. Sage, 2014.

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32

Davis, Elizabeth, Robert J. Sternberg, April C. Mason, Jeffrey S. Vitter, and Smith Robert V. Academic Leadership in Higher Education: From the Top down and the Bottom Up. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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33

Academic Leadership in Higher Education: From the Top down and the Bottom Up. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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34

Khan, Qaiser, Jean-Paul Faguet, and Alemayehu Ambel. Blending Top-Down Federalism with Bottom-Up Engagement to Reduce Inequality in Ethiopia. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/29139.

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35

Proulx, Michael J. The Strategic Control of Attention in Visual Search- Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processes. VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller e.K., 2007.

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36

Totzauer, Florian. Top-down- und Bottom-up-Ansätze im Innovationsmanagement: Managerverhalten und funktionsübergreifende Zusammenarbeit als Innovationstreiber. Springer Gabler, 2014.

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37

Fedosov, Anton. Supporting the Design of Technology-Mediated Sharing Practices. Carl Grossmann, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24921/2020.94115943.

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Online social networks have made sharing personal experiences with others mostly in form of photos and comments a common activity. The convergenceof social, mobile, cloud and wearable computing expanded the scope of usergeneratedand shared content on the net from personal media to individual preferencesto physiological details (e.g., in the form of daily workouts) to informationabout real-world possessions (e.g., apartments, cars). Once everydaythings become increasingly networked (i.e., the Internet of Things), future onlineservices and connected devices will only expand the set of things to share. Given that a new generation of sharing services is about to emerge, it is of crucialimportance to provide service designers with the right insights to adequatelysupport novel sharing practices. This work explores these practices within twoemergent sharing domains: (1) personal activity tracking and (2) sharing economyservices. The goal of this dissertation is to understand current practices ofsharing personal digital and physical possessions, and to uncover correspondingend-user needs and concerns across novel sharing practices, in order to map thedesign space to support emergent and future sharing needs. We address this goalby adopting two research strategies, one using a bottom-up approach, the otherfollowing a top-down approach.In the bottom-up approach, we examine in-depth novel sharing practices within two emergent sharing domains through a set of empirical qualitative studies.We offer a rich and descriptive account of peoples sharing routines and characterizethe specific role of interactive technologies that support or inhibit sharingin those domains. We then design, develop, and deploy several technology prototypesthat afford digital and physical sharing with the view to informing the design of future sharing services and tools within two domains, personal activitytracking and sharing economy services.In the top-down approach, drawing on scholarship in human-computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design, we systematically examine prior workon current technology-mediated sharing practices and identify a set of commonalitiesand differences among sharing digital and physical artifacts. Based uponthese findings, we further argue that many challenges and issues that are presentin digital online sharing are also highly relevant for the physical sharing in thecontext of the sharing economy, especially when the shared physical objects havedigital representations and are mediated by an online platform. To account forthese particularities, we develop and field-test an action-driven toolkit for designpractitioners to both support the creation of future sharing economy platformsand services, as well as to improve the user experience of existing services.This dissertation should be of particular interest to HCI and interaction designresearchers who are critically exploring technology-mediated sharing practicesthrough fieldwork studies, as well to design practitioners who are building and evaluating sharing economy services.
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38

Silke, Tönshoff, and Weida Andreas 1965-, eds. Where top-down, where bottom-up?: Selected issues for regional strategies in the European Union. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.

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39

Goddard, Larry. Top-down vision and bottom-up management: A collaborative and motivational path to business success. York, 2002.

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40

Timilsina, Govinda, Jun Pang, and Xi Yang. Linking Top-Down and Bottom-Up Models for Climate Policy Analysis: The Case of China. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8905.

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41

Jakarta, BAPPEDA DKI, ed. Dimensi partisipasi: Keterpaduan bottom up-top down dalam rangka penyusunan program/proyek pembangunan di DKI Jakarta. [Jakarta]: Pemerintah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, 1991.

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42

Jakarta, BAPPEDA DKI, ed. Dimensi partisipasi: Keterpaduan bottom up-top down dalam rangka penyusunan program/proyek pembangunan di DKI Jakarta. [Jakarta]: Pemerintah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, 1991.

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43

Hartcher-O'Brien, Jess, Salvador Soto-Faraco, and Ruth Adam, eds. A Matter of Bottom-Up or Top-Down Processes: The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration. Frontiers Media SA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-193-7.

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44

photographer, Gowdy Thayer Allyson, ed. Up, down, all-around stitch dictionary: More than 150 stitch patterns to knit top down, bottom up, back and forth, and in the round. 2014.

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45

Krauzlis, Richard J. Attentional Functions of the Superior Colliculus. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.014.

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The superior colliculus (SC) plays an important role in both overt and covert attention. In primates, the SC is well known to be a central component of the motor pathways that orient the eyes and head to important objects in the environment. Accordingly, neurons in the SC show enhanced responses that will be the target of orienting movements, compared to stimuli that will be ignored. Single-neuron recordings in the SC have revealed a variety of attention-related effects, including changes in activity related to bottom-up and top-down attention, attention capture, and inhibition of return. These findings support the view of the SC as a priority map that represents the location of important objects in the visual environment. Manipulation of SC activity by electrical microstimulation and chemical inactivation shows that the SC is not simply a recipient of attention-related effects, but plays a causal role in these processes. In particular, activity in the SC plays a major role in the selection of targets for saccades, and also for pursuit eye movements and movements of the hand. Moreover, activity in the SC is important not only for the control of overt attention, but also plays a crucial role in covert attention—the processing of visual signals for perceptual judgements even in the absence of orienting movements. The mechanisms mediating the role of the SC in the control of covert attention are not yet known, but current models emphasize interactions between the SC and areas of the cerebral cortex.
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46

Nielsen, Karina Johanna. Bottom-up and top-down forces in tidepools: The influence of nutrients, herbivores, and wave exposure on community structure. 1998.

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47

Bernard, Wendy. Japanese Stitches Unraveled: 160+ Stitch Patterns to Knit Top Down, Bottom Up, Back and Forth, and In the Round. Harry N. Abrams, 2018.

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48

Panoutsou, Calliope. Modeling and Optimization of Biomass Supply Chains: Top down and Bottom up Assessment for Agricultural, Forest and Waste Feedstock. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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49

Nielsen, Karina Johanna. Bottom-up and top-down forces in tidepools: The influence of nutrients, herbivores, and wave exposure on community structure. 1998.

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50

Nicholls, David L. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to greenhouse gas inventory methods: A comparison between national- and forest-scale reporting methods. 2015.

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