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Academic literature on the topic 'Top Gear Rally 2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Top Gear Rally 2"

1

Iizuka, Taro, Kanako Hirano, Tomoaki Atomi, Miho Shimizu, and Yoriko Atomi. "Changes in Duration and Intensity of the World’s Top-Level Badminton Matches: A Consideration of the Increased Acute Injuries among Elite Women’s Singles Players." Sports 8, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8020019.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify whether there have been any specific changes in the characteristics of the world’s top-level women’s singles badminton matches compared to men’s singles matches after the current badminton scoring system was implemented in 2006. We compared the characteristics of the matches between the Super Series tournaments in 2007 and 2017. Match duration increased as the rally and rest times increased in both men’s and women’s singles matches. Specifically, in women’s singles, it was suggested that a further increase in physical demands because of the increased number of shots per second may have resulted in longer rest time in proportion to rally time. Moreover, increases in match duration (final eight, 53.3 ± 6.6 min; early rounds, 42.1 ± 3.6 min; P < 0.05) and number of shots per rally (final eight, 10.4 ± 1.2; early rounds, 8.7 ± 1.1; P < 0.05) in women’s singles were more prominent in the final eight rounds (quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals) than in the early rounds (rounds 1 and 2). The recent changes in characteristics of the world’s top-level badminton matches may account for the increased acute injuries that are frequently observed in elite women’s singles players. Thus, appropriate training programs are crucial to effectively improve performance and prevent injuries among elite badminton players.
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2

Eigaard, Ole R., Francois Bastardie, Mike Breen, Grete E. Dinesen, Niels T. Hintzen, Pascal Laffargue, Lars O. Mortensen, et al. "Estimating seabed pressure from demersal trawls, seines, and dredges based on gear design and dimensions." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, suppl_1 (June 9, 2015): i27—i43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv099.

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Abstract This study assesses the seabed pressure of towed fishing gears and models the physical impact (area and depth of seabed penetration) from trip-based information of vessel size, gear type, and catch. Traditionally fishing pressures are calculated top-down by making use of large-scale statistics such as logbook data. Here, we take a different approach starting from the gear itself (design and dimensions) to estimate the physical interactions with the seabed at the level of the individual fishing operation. We defined 14 distinct towed gear groups in European waters (eight otter trawl groups, three beam trawl groups, two demersal seine groups, and one dredge group), for which we established gear “footprints”. The footprint of a gear is defined as the relative contribution from individual larger gear components, such as trawl doors, sweeps, and groundgear, to the total area and severity of the gear's impact. An industry-based survey covering 13 countries provided the basis for estimating the relative impact-area contributions from individual gear components, whereas sediment penetration was estimated based on a literature review. For each gear group, a vessel size–gear size relationship was estimated to enable the prediction of gear footprint area and sediment penetration from vessel size. Application of these relationships with average vessel sizes and towing speeds provided hourly swept-area estimates by métier. Scottish seining has the largest overall gear footprint of ∼1.6 km 2 h −1 of which 0.08 km 2 has an impact at the subsurface level (sediment penetration ≥ 2 cm). Beam trawling for flatfish ranks low when comparing overall footprint size/hour but ranks substantially higher when comparing only impact at the subsurface level (0.19 km 2 h −1 ). These results have substantial implications for the definition, estimation, and monitoring of fishing pressure indicators, which are discussed in the context of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management.
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Chen, Yang Zhi, and Xiong Dun Xie. "Two-step method of nanosecond pulse laser ablation manufacturing of miniature bevel line gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 1-2 (July 7, 2020): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420932445.

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Miniature gears have important research value and application prospects in micro-scale machinery. The existing manufacturing methods for miniature gears produce spur gears on the micron scale and spur, helical and bevel gears on the millimetre scale. However, there is no mature process for gears on the micron scale for angular transmissions, such as bevel gears. This article reports for the first time the micro-machining of a miniature bevel gear with an external size of 1–2 mm based on a novel gear structure: the bevel line gear. First, a novel manufacturing method, namely the two-step method of nanosecond pulse laser ablation (NSPLA), is proposed. Then, a sample of a miniature bevel line gear is fabricated from 6061 aluminium alloy with a top angle of 90°, external diameter of 1375 μm, tooth number of 3 and average tooth width of 20 μm. Finally, the accuracy of the sample is studied to confirm the practicability of the proposed method.
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4

Wei, Xiu Ting, Jing Cheng Liu, and Qiang Du. "Research on Cutter’s Position and Pose for Chamfering Spiral Bevel Gear Addendum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.976.

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The cutter’s position and pose are key elements for chamfering addendum automatically and a new method for calculating the cutter’s position and pose is as follows: 1) Finding the chamfering boundary curves of addendum by offsetting the two top curves (convex and concave) of spiral bevel gear addendum respectively; 2) Dispersing the chamfering boundary curves; 3) Calculating the center position of the tangent circle along the chamfering boundary curves and taking this as the cutter’s center; 4) solving the tilt angle through the center position and the dispersed points on boundary curves. The proposed method lays foundation for chamfering automation.
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Nelwida, Nelwida, Lisna Lisna, and Ren Fitriadi. "Construction of Gill Net 2 and 3 Inches in The Village Kampung Nelayan of Regency Tanjung Jabung Barat." Samakia : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jsapi.v10i1.232.

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Gill nets is the most dominant fishing gear used by fishermen in Kampung Nelayan Village. Gill nets 2 and 3 inches are widely used by traditional fishermen and modern fishermen because this tool is very practical to catch fish also friendly to the environment. This study aims to determine the construction and friendliness of fishing gear gill nets 2 and 3 inches which include the length of the net, the width of the net, shortening, buoyancy and sinking power. This research was carried out in the Village of Kampung Nelayan, Tungkal Ilir Subdistrict, Tanjung Jabung Barat District in February 2018. The method used in this research was survey method. The data obtained were analyzed using net dimension analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. Based on the results of research on the construction of 2 and 3 inches gill nets consisting of nylon monofilament made from transparent colors. The knot used by the English knot. Top rope, float, and float buoy made from polyethylene (PE) rope and ballast rope made from polypropylene (PP). The sinker made from tin and gill net 3 inch weight based on bracelet-shaped wire.Net shortening value of 2 inch is 51.75% and has a buoyancy of 3.05 kgf and a sinking power of 9.97 kgf. As well as the value of gill shortening 3 inch 50.62% and the buoyancy generated 6.22 kgf and the sinking power of 365.4 kgf. The value of environmental friendliness of 2 and 3 inch nets has a value of 31.25 and 30.75 and is classified as environmentally friendly fishing gear.
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Ritari, Antti, Jari Vepsäläinen, Klaus Kivekäs, Kari Tammi, and Heikki Laitinen. "Energy Consumption and Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Electric City Buses with Multispeed Gearboxes." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082117.

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This study investigates the potential of improving the energy efficiency and reducing the lifecycle costs of electric city buses with multispeed gearboxes. A two-speed dual clutch gearbox and a continuously variable transmission were studied and compared to a reference fixed gear ratio powertrain. A novel two-level optimization model was introduced. The top level involves an exhaustive search algorithm and quasi-static vehicle dynamic model for optimizing the two-speed gearbox gear ratios, utilizing efficiency maps for the electric motor and the inverter. The second level is an integer programming model, which finds an optimal gear shifting policy subject to constraints on hysteresis and gear shifting induced losses. The model was applied with a standard driving cycle and additionally with three measured cycles acquired from a prototype battery electric city bus operating on a daily schedule on a suburban route in Espoo, Finland. The results showed that a two-speed gearbox reduced energy consumption by 2–3.2%, depending on the driving cycle characteristics. On the other hand, the continuously variable transmission was found to increase consumption by 1.9–4.0% due to large losses of the belt mechanism. It was concluded that the two-speed gearbox is a cost-effective investment for electric city buses characterized by operation profiles with frequent acceleration and braking events.
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Zhai, X. B., H. Wang, Wen Ji Xu, H. Y. Li, and Jin Jin Zhou. "Research on Technology and Application of Pulse Electrochemical Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 24-25 (September 2007): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.24-25.55.

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Top-quality surfaces are obtained by means of pulse electrochemical finishing (PECF) in neutral electrolyte. The machining principles and advantages of PECF are analyzed. Moreover, the technique are applied to some typical cases such as sheeny lettering, fine and deep holes and complex shaped surface finishing, gear surface finishing that all of them are more difficult to be machined by the traditional finishing technologies. The results show mirror-like surfaces could be gained by PECF and the surface roughness values could be reduced from more than Ra 0.8 μm to less than Ra 0.08 μm within 1~2 seconds. It’s hoped that PECF will play an important role in finishing key parts in the modern manufacturing industries.
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Pon, Juan Pablo Seco, Sofía Copello, Ariel Moretinni, Hugo P. Lértora, Ignacio Bruno, Julián Bastida, Laura Mauco, and Marco Favero. "Seabird and marine-mammal attendance and by-catch in semi-industrial trawl fisheries in near-shore waters of northern Argentina." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 3 (2013): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12312.

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Seabird and marine-mammal attendance and by-catch in mid-water and bottom otter semi-industrial coastal pair-trawl fisheries were assessed for the first time in northern Argentina. Observers were placed onboard trawlers between autumn 2007 and autumn 2008. Fifteen marine top-predator species were associated with the vessels. The most abundant and frequent seabirds (trawl fisheries combined) were the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (~70% of total birds and >96% occurrence), and the Olrog’s gull, L. atlanticus (~12% and >50%, respectively). Other seabird taxa such as Procellariiforms and Sphenisciforms, among others, were represented in very low numbers. The only mammal species recorded was the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens (1% and 2%, respectively). Analysis of environmental and operational variability affecting the abundance of gulls indicated a significant increase in abundance with fishing depth, time of day, seasonality, wind intensity and wind direction. Incidental mortality of top predators was low and comprised only Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, in the mid-water gear. The results of the present study showed that the semi-industrial trawl fisheries operating in coastal waters in northern Argentina may a have a relatively minor impact on marine top-predator populations, at least in terms of incidental capture.
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Chen, Po-Tuan, Ping-Hao Pai, Cheng-Jung Yang, and K. David Huang. "Development of Transmission Systems for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 13, 2019): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081538.

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This study investigated the matching designs between a power integration mechanism (PIM) and transmission system for single-motor parallel hybrid electric vehicles. The optimal matching design may lead to optimal efficiency and performance in parallel hybrid vehicles. The Simulink/Simscape environment is used to model the powertrain system of parallel hybrid electric vehicles, which the characteristics of the PIM, location of the gearbox at the driveline, and design of the gear ratio of a gearbox influenced. The matching design principles for torque-coupled–type PIM (TC-PIM) parameters and the location of the gearbox are based on the speed range of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine. The parameters of the TC-PIM (i.e., k 1 and k 2 ) are based on the k ratio theory. Numerical simulations of an extra-urban driving cycle and acceleration tests reveal that a higher k r a t i o has greater improved power-assist ability under a pre-transmission architecture. For example, a k r a t i o of 1.6 can improve the power-assist ability by 8.5% when compared with a k r a t i o of 1. By using an appropriate gear ratio and k r a t i o , the top speed of a hybrid electric vehicle is enhanced by 9.3%.
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CHEN, CHUAN-SHOW. "BIOMECHANICAL STUDY ON A NEW TRAINING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR POWER AND STRENGTH." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 05, no. 02 (June 2005): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519405001448.

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Strength and power are important in sports competition, and increasing ability of explosive muscle contraction force is key to winning for sports performance in events like jumping or throwing. In this study, Passive Repeated Plyometric (PRP) training method and the machine were designed. This machine allow one to training for top gear power with high frequency and without danger as compared with the conventional way of training like common way of plyomerics or using machine for isotonic muscle contraction. The PRP has it specific effects, which can be summarized as follow: 1. Motor driving PRP machine allow athlete training with high frequency, up to 300 rpm (0.2 Hz), especially for lower extremities to increase thrust force and force of body trunk. 2. PRP training method bring about the stretching reflex and elastic energy to recruit into a powerful muscle contraction. 3. This training machine formed a natural and powerful muscle contraction by stretching and shortening in a cycle of contraction, which is called stretching-shortening cycle or SSC. 4. Well-documented evidence from both theoretical and practical were achieved in 1998 Bangkok Asian game and the following Pusan2002 applying to track & field and basketball players.
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Books on the topic "Top Gear Rally 2"

1

Awesome Super Nintendo Secrets 2. Lahaina, USA: Sandwich Islands Publishing, 1993.

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Nick, Roberts. Super NES Games: Unauthorized Power Tips Book. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1993.

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Super NES Games Secrets, Volume 3. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1992.

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Sepowski, Stephen J., ed. The Ultimate Hint Book. Old Saybrook, CT: The Ultimate Game Club Ltd., 1991.

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Arnold, J. Douglas. Nintendo 64: Survival Guide Volume Two. Lahaina, Maui, HI: Sandwich Islands Publishing Company, 1998.

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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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Top Gear Stupidly Hard Quiz Book 2. BBC Children's, 2009.

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N64 Magazine Double Game Guide +, No. 7: Top Gear Rally & Shadows of the Empire. Bath, England: Future Publishing, 1998.

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Nintendo 64: A-Z of Cheats Volume 2. Bournemouth, England: Paragon Publishing Limited, 1998.

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Return of the Great N64 Magazine Games Challenge Book. Bath, England: Future Publishing, 2000.

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Conference papers on the topic "Top Gear Rally 2"

1

Simmons, Kathy, and Graham Johnson. "Velocity Measurements in the Vicinity of the Exit and Inlet of a Spiral Bevel Gear Shroud." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43549.

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In many aeroengines the accessory power offtake is achieved using a spiral bevel gear set running off one of the main shafts. The crown and bevel gears are housed in an internal gearbox. Over the past few years the Nottingham University Technology Centre (UTC) in Gas Turbine Transmission Systems has researched flow near spiral bevel gears both computationally and experimentally using a purpose-built test rig. In the current investigation the rig was configured with a Trent crown gear and slightly modified shroud covering the full 360° of the gear. No external containment chamber was fitted and all testing was conducted single-phase (air only) at 5,000 rpm. Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) was used to obtain the three components of flow velocity at a shroud exit slot and at shroud inlet. A 2D system was utilised and thus two measurements were required at each point to give the 3 velocity components. The LDA technique enabled detailed mapping of flow features over the chosen regions, which included areas very near the shroud surfaces. Data was obtained over two measurement regions: 1) a volume mapping the air “jet” exiting the shroud exit slot at top dead centre (TDC) and 2) an area capturing the flow structures local to the shroud inlet. Combined the results form an excellent set of high quality, detailed, 3-component flow data for direct use in validating CFD models and/or to define CFD boundary conditions. At the shroud exit slot the maximum velocity measured was 46.2 m/s with the jet velocity dispersing over the measurement volume such that by 26 mm from slot plane the maximum velocity was less than 20 m/s. The jet angle was found to be only 16° off perpendicular azimuthally and 22° down from perpendicular. Data from the top 5 slots shows good similarity indicating the detailed data for the TDC slot is probably applicable to all slots. Air entering the shroud comes down the shroud face and up the rotating end face of the gear shaft. The azimuthal velocity component at shroud inlet was around 20 m/s; this is of the order of 50% of the maximum linear shaft surface speed. Within 3 mm of the rotating gear face the azimuthal velocity is less than 1 m/s. Detailed measurements were obtained only at one angular location but sufficient additional measurements were obtained to determine that for the purposes of CFD validation the results can be considered representative.
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Browne, Alan L., Nancy L. Johnson, and Jeffrey Brown. "SMA Actuated Vertical Blade Louver System: Part 1 — Performance Requirements and Design." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3001.

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Airflow over/under/around a vehicle can affect many important aspects of vehicle performance including vehicle drag (and through this vehicle fuel economy), vehicle lift and downforce, and cooling/heat exchange for the vehicle powertrain and A/C systems. While active devices are present on all aircraft, the majority of known airflow control devices in current use in ground transportation are of fixed geometry, location, orientation, and stiffness. The project, conducted during the 2004–2006 timeframe, whose performance requirements, design, and bench-top prototype build phases, are described in this paper was successful in developing an SMA actuator based approach for opening and closing a vertically-oriented-blade louver system to be used for on-demand control of the airflow into the engine compartment, i.e. for on-demand control of both cooling airflow as well as aerodynamic drag. Beyond feasibility, the initial full scale bench top working models demonstrated an active materials based approach which would have decreased weight and a smaller packaging envelop than a comparable motor driven unit. This demonstration showed that actuation speed, force, and cyclic stability all could meet the application requirements. The specific design that was selected, a set of parallel vertically oriented blades each linked through a gear to a common rack that is translated by a linear SMA actuator, uses straight linear actuation to produce a reversible synchronous 90 degree rotation of the blades, i.e. a full opening and closing capability for the louver system. Key technical issues that remained to be demonstrated and resolved through design modifications if necessary in Part 2 — on-vehicle performance testing — of this study were related in most part to robustness in the harsh vehicle front-end environment, a prime example being mechanism stalling due to ice or mud buildup.
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