Academic literature on the topic '"Top Secret America"'
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Journal articles on the topic ""Top Secret America""
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Hussain, Maria. "War at the Top of the World." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i3.1926.
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Recently, South Asia has become the focus of world attention due to theAmerican attack on Afghanistan and the subsequent increased tension inAsia. This book attempts to explain the various power dynamics behind thepolitical tensions between nuclear powers India, China, Pakistan, andRussia. Eric Margolis, a Canadian journalist who has traveled extensivelyin Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Tibet, tells many great war stories of his visitsto the front line. Friendships with local personalities and his backgroundas a military officer provide a reasonably balanced analysis for those whoare interested in the region's geopolitics.The book is comprised of four sections. Part One, "The Great Jihad,"consists of five chapters on Afghanistan. In chapter I, "Soldiers Of Allah,"the author describes the jihad against the Soviet Union with poignantdetails of the noble, self-sacrificing mujahideen who "would walk to battlebarefoot, through deep snow, sometimes for two days and nights, carrying90 pounds (40 kg) of mortar shells or rockets on their backs." Chapter 2,"The Bravest Men on Earth," details Afghanistan's tribal divisions, warriorcode of honor, and history. Chapter 3, "Dodge City Meets the ArabianNights," describes that Muslim faith and courage which the author considersutterly incomprehensible to Westerners:They feared no man, and certainly not death . Each man believed thatAllah stood at his right shoulder; Allah who was all-merciful, in spite ofthe cruel world that He had inexpUcably created; Allah who would carryhim to his final rest as a parent would wrap a sleepy child in his arms andtake him off to bed.Chapter 4, "Fadil the Kurd," discusses the covert CIA-sponsored trainingand arming of guerilla fighters to destabilize Asia. Margolis explains thatafter these honorable and courageous soldiers defeated the mighty SovietUnion, they were no longer needed. America cut off aid, changing their statusto "Islamic terrorists" overnight. Chapter 5, "The Secret War," discussesZia ul-Haq, the former president of Pakistan, whose aid to Afghanistan wasinstrumental in defeating the Soviets. The United States State Department's ...
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Markovich, Slobodan. "Dr. Djura Djurovic a lifelong opponent of Yugoslav communist totalitarianism." Balcanica, no. 43 (2012): 273–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1243273m.
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The paper deals with the life story of Dr. Djura Djurovic (1900-1983), one of key targets of Yugoslav communist totalitarianism. He was a Belgrade lawyer who worked in the Administration of the City of Belgrade before WWII. In 1943 he joined the Yugoslav Home Army (YHA) of General Mihailovic, and held high positions in the YHA press and propaganda departments. His duties included running the Radio-telegraphic agency Democratic Yugoslavia. He accompanied General Mihailovic on his meetings with OSS Colonel McDowell, and with Captain Rakovic he established successful cooperation with Red Army units in October 1944. He was arrested by Tito?s partisans in 1945, given a show-trial and sentenced to twenty years in prison. In his writings he described horrible conditions, sufferings and various types of torture used against political prisoners in Yugoslav communist prisons. He himself spent more than two years in solitary confinement, and on several occasions nearly died in prison. He was released in 1962, and was able to establish a circle of former political convicts from the ranks of the YHA and other anticommunists in Belgrade and Serbia. He maintained this network, advocated pro-American policies and hoped that at some point the United States might intervene against communism in Yugoslavia. Gradually he came to the conclusion that Tito was an American ally, and was satisfied to maintain his network of likeminded anticommunists and prepare reports on the situation in Yugoslavia. As a pre-war freemason, he sent one such report to Luther Smith, Grand Commander of AAFM of Southern Jurisdiction of American masons, describing the ghastly conditions in Yugoslav communist prisons. He was rearrested in 1973 on account of his relations with a Serbian ?migr? in Paris, Andra Loncaric, and spent another four years in prison. Thus, the almost twenty-one years he spent in communist prisons qualify him for the top of the list of political prisoners in Yugoslav communism. In 1962-1973 he was spied on by a network of in?formers and operatives of the Yugoslav secret service. The paper is based on Djurovic?s personal files preserved in the penitentiaries in Sremska Mitrovica and Zabela, and his personal file from the archive of the Yugoslav secret service (UDBA/SDB). This is the first paper based on personal files of ?political enemies? compiled by the Yugoslav communist secret service, disclosing the latter?s activities and methods against anti?communist circles in Belgrade.
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Kafer, Gary. "Documenting the Invisible: Political Agency in Trevor Paglen’s Limit Telephotography." Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture 5 (November 30, 2016): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2016.161.
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Taken from up to forty miles away, Trevor Paglen's limit telephotography images of covert military bases in the American Southwest are blurred by dense atmopshere, dust and debris. In effect, his photographs are highly illegible, and thus the military bases escape any sort of revelation. Following this logic, if one cannot see these top secret locations, then these images are in fact not politically effective at disclosing confidential federal information. Rather, Paglen asserts that the political agency of his can be located not in the image, but in the practice of performing limit telephotography - standing on public land and excercising the right to photograph. In turn, Paglen relocates the documentarian potential of his images into an agency formulated by a relational aesthetic, one in which the communal effects of creating the image and interpreting it generate the possibilities of enacting further practices of political resistance.
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Avery, Donald. "Secrets Between Different Kinds of Friends: Canada’s Wartime Exchange of Scientific Military Information with the United States and the USSR, 1940‑1945." Historical Papers 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030955ar.
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Abstract The outbreak of the Second World War, with the emphasis on new weapons and defence technology, brought about dramatic changes in the role of the scientist in Britain, the United States, and Canada. In many ways, Canadian scientists were most affected by these changes. Now, through the National Research Council and various defence agencies, they were able to gain access to highly confidential scientific data through the medium of joint British and Canadian research projects. Equally important was the extent that the British connection made it possible for Canadian scientists to become involved in sophisticated American military projects. Canada was also indirectly affected by the complex negotiations between Britain, the United States and the USSR on applied science exchanges during World War II. In addition, there were a variety of bilateral arrangements between Canada and the Soviet Union which had important implications for the exchange of military technology. But even more important were the revelations in September 1945 that the Soviet Union had been operating an extensive espionage system in Canada which had obtained considerable “Top Secret” scientific military information. The subsequent report of the Royal Commission on Espionage had major national and international ramifications.
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Holden, Darren. "‘On the Oliphant Deign, Now to Sound the Blast’: How Mark Oliphant Secretly Warned of America’s Post-war Intentions of an Atomic Monopoly." Historical Records of Australian Science 29, no. 2 (2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18008.
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In 1943, Mark Oliphant arrived on the Manhattan Project as a leading member of the British mission. Inside the laboratory he was a measured and skilful physicist, but outside he was a bull that charged headlong into the gates of secrecy and the unholy communion of science, politics and military. General Leslie Groves was the abrasive and practical military man in charge of the Manhattan Project and he rarely let his guard down. But in 1944, Oliphant and Ernest Lawrence challenged him on secrecy, and the usually circumspect Groves became agitated at the naivety of the self-absorbed scientists and provided an insight on America's secret post-war intentions of an atomic monopoly. Oliphant, not a man to let explosive knowledge pass him by, headed to the British Embassy inWashington to send a secure report to London that escalated all the way to the top of Britain's war time leadership. In this moment, Oliphant was sounding a horn to warn that Britain's own atomic ambitions and scientific freedoms were under imminent threat.
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Ivanov, V. V. "ACTIONS OF THE US AND SOUTH VIETNAM SPECIAL DIVISIONS ON THE "HO CHI MINA TRAIL" IN 1961-1967. BASED ON THE MEMOIRS OF AMERICAN WAR PARTICIPANTS." History: facts and symbols, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2021-29-4-152-161.
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The article devoted to the analysis of the actions of special forces of US and South Vietnam during 1961–1967. One of the main tasks of these units during Vietnam war – destruction main objects of «Ho Chi Minh Trail» in South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The work is built with the assistance of a memoir – translations memories combatants in South Vietnam and Laos, soldiers and commanders of Army of US, South Vietnam and Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV). The materials housed in the monographs of American and Vietnam researchers of the Indochina conflict, 1960–1970-s.In the early 1960s, in the setting of active infiltration teams of PAVN from DRV administration of USA adopted decision to send to Indochina units of special forces (Green Berets). Many of the military personnel who served in Vietnam belonged to 5th and 7th Special Forces Groups. Some Green Berets were assigned to the U.S. Military Assistance Command’s Studies and Observation Group (SOG) for making top secret intelligence operations and helped train the South Vietnamese special forces (LLDB). The most Green Berets defended South Vietnam’s border from infiltration from DRV. Apart from Green Berets, special units of the US NAVY were also active in South Vietnam. The main task of the special forces of the NAVY was the blockade of all waterways supplying partisans from North Vietnam and Cambodia by means of ambushes, sabotage, laying of mines and raids on bases of PAVN. In 1965-1967s mixed teams of Green Berets and LLDB conducted long-range reconnaissance missions into Laos and directed air strikes against the «Ho Chi Minh Trail». The U.S. aircraft bombed the «Ho Chi Minh Trail» daily, targeting areas based on electronic detection devices and intelligence gained by covert teams that infiltrated the area. However, these efforts could not slow down the movement of troops of PAVN, supplies southward along the «Ho Chi Minh Trail». The author paid attention to the creation units of special forces as part of army units of US Army situated in South Vietnam during 1965–1967. Special attention is paid by the author to the analysis secret operations of Green Berets against «Ho Chi Minh Trail». The author concluded that the special forces of USA and South Vietnam failed to achieve the set goals.
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Burzyńska, Katarzyna. "Bad Boys Meet the Swan of Avon: A Re-Visioning of Hamlet in Sons of Anarchy." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0010.
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Abstract This article investigates the intersections between Shakespeare’s Hamlet and a popular TV series Sons of Anarchy (SOA), loosely based on the Shakespearean original. The crime drama series revolves around an outlaw motorcycle club that literally “rules” a fictional town in California like an old royal family with its own brutal dynastic power squabbles and dark family secrets. The club is governed by an unscrupulous President Clay and an equally violent, though more conflicted, Vice President Jax Teller, the son of the late President, who had died in mysterious circumstances. In the article I argue that the popularity of the series lies not in its graphic scenes of violence, over-the-top Harley chases, and sex intrigues, but rather in its Shakespearean and Renaissance structure. SOA, dubbed as “Hamlet on Harleys”1, is an appropriation rather than an adaptation of Shakespeare’s tragedy, which makes it a truly transmedial phenomenon. The article investigates a fascinating blend of seemingly marginal elements of modern American culture and the canonical British tragedy. It also addresses the connections between the lifestyles of the so called outlaw MC clubs and the early modern family structure as presented in Hamlet, focusing on the issues of power and gender relations.
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Latysh, Yu. "PETRO SHELEST, VOLODYMYR SHCHERBITSKY AND RICHARD NIXON: AMERICAN “TRACE” IN THE FALL OF THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 144 (2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.144.7.
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The article deals with the impact of disputes of leaders of the USSR over the visit of US President R. Nixon to the fall of the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine P. Shelest. The article was published in the ‘Washington Post’ by D. Anderson, which based on the CIA's secret materials contained information about the conflict between L. Brezhnev and P. Shelest regarding R. Nixon's visit and the support of General Secretary by V. Shcherbytsky, are analyzing. P. Shelest's position in the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee on the politics of Détente, R. Nixon's visit and his assessment of the foreign policy of L. Brezhnev is revealed. The positions of other members of the Politburo have been covered. The reasons and circumstances of the increasing influence of L. Brezhnev on the foreign policy of the USSR and the defeat of the supporters of the hard course and the class approach were found out. The role of the international factor in ending the political career of P. Shelest and ascending to the top of the political Olympus of the USSR V. Shcherbytsky was investigated. As a result of the study, it became known that P. Shelest was an conservator in the foreign policy of the USSR, demanded the suppression of the “Prague Spring”, was skeptical of the Détente and attempts of L. Brezhnev to establish personal contacts with Western leaders. The brutal bombing of North Vietnam and the death of Soviet citizens were a good reason for P. Shelest and N. Podgorny to endure R. Nixon's visit. P. Shelest's removal was due to internal reasons: his independence position, desire for economic autonomy, insufficiently decisive struggle with dissidents, complaints of other Ukrainian leaders. However, the sudden replacement of the leader of the republic on the eve of the arrival of the President of the United States in Kiev may have been caused by P. Shelest's position regarding Détente and visit of R. Nixon.
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Pal, Partha. "Role of Cholera Toxin in Vibrio cholerae Infection in Humans - A Review." International Letters of Natural Sciences 22 (August 2014): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.22.22.
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Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of Asiatic cholera, is a gram-negative motile bacterial species acquired via oral ingestion of contaminated food or water sources. Cholera has spread from the Indian subcontinent where it is endemic to involve nearly the whole world seven times during the past 185 years. V. cholerae serogroup O1, biotype El Tor, has moved from Asia to cause pandemic disease in Africa and South America during the past 35 years. A new serogroup, O139, appeared in south Asia in 1992, has become endemic there, and threatens to start the next pandemic. The facultative human pathogen V. cholerae represents a paradigm that evolved from environmental non-pathogenic strains by acquisition of virulence genes. The major virulence factors of V. cholerae, cholera toxin (CTX) encoded by the ctxAB genes residing in the genome of filamentous lysogenic bacteriophage (CTXɸ) and toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) encoded by vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI). CTX, a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase, causes the intestine to secrete watery fluid rich in sodium, bicarbonate, and potassium, in volumes far exceeding the intestinal absorptive capacity, by ADP-ribosylation of the alpha subunit of the GTP-binding protein. Thus intestinal infection with V. cholerae results in the loss of large volumes of watery stool, leading to severe and rapidly progressing dehydration and shock. Without adequate and appropriate rehydration therapy, severe cholera kills about half of affected individuals. Today, cholera still remains a burden mainly for underdeveloped countries, which cannot afford to establish or to maintain necessary hygienic and medical facilities. During the last three decades, intensive research has been undertaken to unravel the virulence properties and to study the epidemiology of this significant human pathogen. This review provides an overview of the role of CTX in the occurrence of this disease in humans.
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Plodpradit, Pasin, Osoon Kwon, Van Nguyen Dinh, Jimmy Murphy, and Ki-Du Kim. "Suction Bucket Pile–Soil–Structure Interactions of Offshore Wind Turbine Jacket Foundations Using Coupled Dynamic Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060416.
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This paper presents a procedure for the coupled dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbine–jacket foundation-suction bucket piles and compares the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard method and Jeanjean’s methods used to model the piles. Nonlinear springs were used to represent soil lateral, axial, and tip resistances through the P–Y, T–Z, and Q–Z curves obtained by either API’s or Jeanjean’s methods. Rotational springs with a stiffness equated to the tangent or secant modulus characterized soil resistance to acentric loads. The procedure was implemented in X-SEA program. Analyses of a laterally loaded single pile in a soft clay soil performed in both the X-SEA and Structural Analysis Computer System (SACS) programs showed good agreements. The behaviors of a five MW offshore wind turbine system in South Korea were examined by considering waves, current, wind effects, and marine growth. In a free vibration analysis done with soil stiffness through the API method, the piles were found to bend in their first mode and to twist in the second and third modes, whereas the first three modes using Jeanjean’s method were all found to twist. The natural frequencies resulting from Jeanjean’s method were higher than those from the API method. In a forced vibration analysis, the system responses were significantly influenced by soil spring stiffness type. The procedure was found to be computationally expensive due to spring nonlinearities introduced.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic ""Top Secret America""
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Townsend, Colby. "Rewriting Eden With The Book of Mormon: Joseph Smith and the Reception of Genesis 1-6 in Early America." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7681.
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The colonists living in the new United States after the American War for Independence were faced with the problem of forming new identities once they could no longer recognize themselves, collectively or individually, as subjects of Great Britain. After the French Revolution American politicians began to weed out the more radical political elements of the newly formed United States, particularly by painting one of the revolution’s biggest defenders, Thomas Paine, as unworthy of the attention he received during the American War for Independence, and fear ran throughout the states that an anarchic revolution like the French Revolution could bring the downfall of the nation. State, local, and regional organizations sprang up to fight Jacobinism, the legendary secret group of murderers and anarchists that fought against the French government.
This distressing situation gave rise to new literature that sought to describe the “real” origins and background of Jacobinism in the War in Heaven and in Eden, and a new movement against Jacobinism was established. Fears about the organization of secret societies did not wane in the decades after the French Revolution, but worsened in the last half of the 1820s when a Freemason, William Morgan, disappeared under mysterious circumstances in connection to an exposé of Masonry he had written. Most Americans assumed that Freemasons had abducted and murdered Morgan in order to keep their oaths and rites secret.
One influential early American who was influenced by this socio-historical was Joseph Smith, Jr., the founding prophet of Mormonism. Smith interpreted the Eden narrative in light of the movement against secret societies, and literary motifs common to anti-Jacobin literature during the period provided language and interpretive strategies for understanding the Eden narrative that would influence how Smith produced his new scripture. Only a few months after the publication of the Book of Mormon Smith edited the version of Eden found there into the text of the Bible itself and made the biblical narrative conform to the version found in the Book of Mormon through his own revisions and additions.
Books on the topic ""Top Secret America""
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M, Arkin William, ed. Top secret America: The rise of the new American security state. New York: Little, Brown and Co., 2011.
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Countdown to terror: The top-secret information that could prevent the next terrorist attack on America-- and how the CIA has ignored it. Washington, D.C: Regnery Pub., 2005.
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Weldon, Curt. Countdown to terror: The top-secret information that could prevent the next terrorist attack on America-- and how the CIA has ignored it. Washington, D.C: Regnery Pub., 2005.
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Weldon, Curt. Countdown to Terror: The Top Secret Information that Could Prevent the Next Terrorist Attack on America...And How the CIA has Ignored it. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic ""Top Secret America""
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Abdel-Malek, Kamal. "America (Top Secret) (1987)." In America in an Arab Mirror, 93–95. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230120587_17.
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Robertson, K. G. "The Politics of Secret Intelligence — British and American Attitudes." In British and American Approaches to Intelligence, 244–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08418-0_11.
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Hume, Mo. "Secrecy and Silence in Fieldwork: Reflections on Feminist Research on Violence in Latin America." In The Companion to Peace and Conflict Fieldwork, 305–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_21.
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Wilford, Hugh. "Secret America: the CIA and American culture." In The Cambridge Companion to Modern American Culture, 275–94. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ccol0521841321.014.
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Copeland, Jack. "Delilah—encrypting speech." In The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747826.003.0026.
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Once Enigma was solved and the pioneering work on Tunny was done, Turing’s battering-ram mind was needed elsewhere. Routine codebreaking irked him and he was at his best when breaking new ground. In 1942 he travelled to America to explore cryptology’s next challenge, the encryption of speech. Turing left Bletchley Park for the United States in November 1942. He sailed for New York on a passenger liner, during what was one of the most dangerous periods for Atlantic shipping. It must have been a nerve-racking journey. That month alone, the U-boats sank more than a hundred Allied vessels. Turing was the only civilian aboard a floating barracks, packed to bursting point with military personnel. At times there were as many as 600 men crammed into the officers’ lounge—Turing said he nearly fainted. On the ship’s arrival in New York, it was decreed that his papers were inadequate, and this placed his entry to the United States in jeopardy. The immigration officials even debated interning him on Ellis Island. ‘That will teach my employers to furnish me with better credentials’ was Turing’s laconic comment. It was a private joke at the British government’s expense: since becoming a codebreaker in 1939, his employers were none other than His Majesty’s Foreign Office. America did not exactly welcome Turing with open arms. His principal reason for making the dangerous trip across the Atlantic was to spend time at Manhattan’s Bell Telephone Laboratories, where speech encryption work was going on, but the authorities declined to clear him to visit this hive of top-secret projects. General George Marshall, Chief of Staff of the US Army, declared that Bell Labs housed work ‘of so secret a nature that Dr. Turing cannot be given access’. While Winston Churchill’s personal representative in Washington, Sir John Dill, struggled to get General Marshall’s decision reversed, Turing spent his first two months in America advising Washington’s codebreakers—no doubt this was unknown to Marshall, who might otherwise have forbidden Turing’s involvement. During this time Turing also acted as consultant to the engineers who were designing an electronic version of his bombe for production in America.
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Brint, Steven, and Jerome Karabel. "Community Colleges and the American Social Order." In The Diverted Dream. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195048155.003.0004.
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From the earliest days of the Republic, Americans have possessed an abiding faith that theirs is a land of opportunity. For unlike the class-bound societies of Europe, America was seen as a place of limitless opportunities, a place where hard work and ability would receive their just reward. From Thomas Jefferson’s “natural aristocracy of talent” to Ronald Reagan’s “opportunity society,” the belief that America was—and should remain—a land where individuals of ambition and talent could rise as far as their capacities would take them has been central to the national identity. Abraham Lincoln expressed this deeply rooted national commitment to equality of opportunity succinctly when, in a special message to Congress shortly after the onset of the Civil War, he described as a “leading object of the government for whose existence we contend” to “afford all an unfettered start, and a fair chance in the race of life.” Throughout much of the nineteenth century, the belief that the United States was a nation blessed with unique opportunities for individual advancement was widespread among Americans and Europeans alike. The cornerstone of this belief was a relatively wide distribution of property (generally limited, to be sure, to adult white males) and apparently abundant opportunities in commerce and agriculture to accumulate more. But with the rise of mammoth corporations and the closing of the frontier in the decades after the Civil War, the fate of the “selfmade man”—that heroic figure who, though of modest origins, triumphed in the competitive marketplace through sheer skill and determination—came to be questioned. In particular, the fundamental changes then occurring in the American economy—the growth of huge industrial enterprises, the concentration of property less workers in the nation’s cities, and the emergence of monopolies—made the image of the hardworking stockboy who rose to the top seem more and more like a relic of a vanished era. The unprecedented spate of success books that appeared between 1880 and 1885 (books bearing such titles as The Law of Success, The Art of Money Getting, The Royal Road to Wealth, and The Secret of Success in Life) provide eloquent, if indirect, testimony to the depth of the ideological crisis then facing the nation.
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"Contents." In The Secret World of American Communism, vii—x. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300137835-toc.
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"Chapter 8 The Secret Heart of America." In From Civil Rights to Human Rights, 218–44. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812200003.218.
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Scott, Erik R. "Soccer Artistry and the Secret Police." In The Whole World Was Watching, 85–98. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503610187.003.0006.
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Among Soviet footballers, Georgians were known to represent a flamboyant, artistic, and ethnic style likened to the “beautiful game” played by successful South American teams. Georgian football and the mythology surrounding it emerged from the encounter between a centralizing imperial Soviet state and an assertive Georgian republic. The republic’s footballers gained global recognition during the Cold War, both as stars of the Soviet national team and the dominant Dinamo Tbilisi side that defeated top European clubs. Moscow sought to ensure that Georgian difference on the pitch served the needs of the state by showcasing multiethnic Socialist harmony for international audiences. Simultaneously, the Soviet promotion of Georgian soccer backfired, as supporters in Georgia claimed its successes as evidence of their own national triumph.
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Billheimer, John. "The British Gaumont Thrillers." In Hitchcock and the Censors, 42–56. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177427.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the seven thrillers created by Hitchcock in Britain just before he left for America: The Man Who Knew Too Much, The 39 Steps, Secret Agent, Sabotage, Young and Innocent, The Lady Vanishes, and Jamaica Inn. These thrillers established his international reputation and helped build a demand for his services among American studios. The chapter explores the influence of the British Board of Film Censors on these films as well as the reaction of the Production Code Administration, which reviewed each of the films in the light of its own criteria before permitting US distribution. At first, American censors simply scissored ‘objectionable’ scenes, but toward the end of Hitchcock’s British tenure, they involved themselves in decisions made at every stage of the production process.
Conference papers on the topic ""Top Secret America""
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Wireman, Terry. "How to Calculate Return on Investment for Maintenance Improvement Projects." In ASME 1997 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1997-4303.
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Maintenance — a function within most corporations, that most people do not understand. Unfortunately, too many people think they understand the maintenance function. This is evident by the many differing methods currently used to organize and perform maintenance in American corporations. It is no secret that many corporate and plant executives have concentrated on operations or manufacturing management, while management of the more technical disciplines such as maintenance have been ignored or placed in a secondary status. Maintenance, for example, has been viewed as an necessary evil or insurance policy, where money is paid and nothing (in their lifetime) is ever seen as a return. Paper published with permission.
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Chromec, Peter R., and Raymond J. Burelle. "Integration of an Energy From Waste Facility Into an Urban Environment." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2320.
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The maximum environmental benefits from a new Energy from Waste (EFW) facility may require locating the new plant close to both the source of the waste and the potential energy customers. This paper will present design features that were incorporated into several new EFW facilities to allow them to be located directly into urban environments while minimizing their impact on the community and often improving the quality of life for the surrounding communities. Locating the EFW facility directly into an urban community: • Minimizes the cost and the environmental impact of waste transport. • Allows electrical power to be generated at the point of consumption. • Provides thermal energy for district heating and cooling. • Reduces the dependence on imported fossil fuel for electrical generation and for heating / cooling. • Provides secure and well paying jobs for members of the community. • Reduces the carbon foot print of the community. • An EFW plant typically leads to higher recycling rate, both pre and post combustion. Some of the specific measures that have been considered for EFW plants in urban environment have included architectural enhancements, more stringent noise and odor control, significant reduction or even elimination of visible plumes. The two case studies included in this paper will be the new Isse´ane EFW plant in Paris and the recently awarded Riverside EFW plant in London.
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Brickner, Robert H. "Behind the Scenes: Sneak Peak at Procurement of Innovative Recycling and Waste-to-Fuel Conversion System Expected to Yield 80% Diversion." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5456.
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New Hanover County, NC, hired Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. (GBB) to help prepare a Request for Proposals (RFP) for the management and long-term operations of the County’s solid waste disposal facilities, which include a secure landfill with more than 40 years of remaining life, a 20+ year old waste-to-energy (WTE) plant, and seven recycling drop-off sites receiving over 200,000 tons per year. The RFP requested a single-service provider to provide all of the services currently being undertaken by the County under a single contract going forward. During the course of the procurement, GBB’s Project Manager made three presentations to the New Hanover County Board of Commissioners (County Board), advancing the RFP process from eight vendor proposals, to interviews of five firms and performing a technical and economic review of each, to short-listing two firms, to the final recommendation of going forward with high-tech start-up R3 Environmental LLC (R3). In September 2010, the County Board signed a landmark contract with R3 for the management of the County’s waste system that was intended to position the County as a world leader in innovative disposal, according to County officials. Under the agreement, R3 was to implement a modern Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) processing facility pulling out recyclables and making a low-ash, high-BTU Refused-Derived Fuel (RDF) biomass product, refurbishing the current mass-burn WTE facility into an RDF biomass-fired system, and implementing a new construction waste and demolition debris recycling (C&D) processing system. The new solid waste sorting facility, with advanced machinery, dubbed a “Smart MRF,” was expected to be in operation in two years, extracting recyclables and converting the organic waste stream into fuel. R3 guaranteed to divert over 80% of the incoming solid waste from the landfill. This paper provides a unique behind-the-scenes look at the procurement process used to select this “innovative technology proposal” from R3 as it pertained to recycling potential, carbon credits and renewable energy credits, and significant long-term cost benefits to the County. It will also provide a review of the vendor evaluation process that led to this landmark contract, from the RFP preparation, proposals evaluation, technical/economic reviews, short-listing, recommendations, and technical contract negotiation.
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De Greef, Johan, Renaat De Proft, Kenneth Villani, and Miguel Angel Lopez. "Renewable Energy at Sustainable Cost Using a Combined Heat and Power WTE-Facility in the Paper Industry." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3532.
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In March 2008, Keppel Seghers started the engineering, supply, construction and commissioning of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plant in A˚motfors (Sweden). When completed in 2010 the plant will process close to 74,000 tons per year of household waste (average LHV = 10.5 MJ/kg) and limited quantities of (demolition) wood resulting in a yearly production of about 108,700 MWh of steam, 12,100 MWh of heat and 13,400 MWh of electricity. Herewith, the A˚motfors WtE-CHP is sized to meet the joined energy needs of the local paper production, neighboring industries and buildings at an overall net plant efficiency of almost 65%. The WtE-CHP will offer state-of-the-art combustion and energy recovering technology, featuring Keppel Seghers’ proprietary Air-Cooled Grate, SIGMA combustion control and integrated boiler. Waste is fed into the combustion line with an automatic crane system. To surpass the stringent EU emission requirements, a semi-dry flue gas cleaning system equipped with Keppel Seghers’ Rotary Atomizer was selected as economic type of process for purifying the combustion gas from the given waste mixture. Furthermore a low NOx-emission of 135 mg/Nm3 (11%O2, dry) as imposed by Swedish law is achieved by SNCR. The plant engineering is described with a focus on the overall energy recovery. As stable steam supply to the paper mill and the district heating system needs to be assured under all conditions the design includes for supporting process measures such as combustion air preheating, steam accumulation, turbine bypassing, buffering of the main condenser and back-up energy supply from an auxiliary fuel boiler. Additionally, external conditions can trigger distinct plant operation modes. A selected number of them are elaborated featuring the WtE-plant’s capability to conciliate a strong fluctuating steam demand with the typical intrinsic inertia of a waste-fired boiler. With prices for fossil fuels increasing over the years, the cost for generating process steam and heat has become dominant and for paper mills even makes the overall difference in viability. As will be documented in this paper, the decision to build the A˚motfors WtE-CHP was taken by Nordic Paper after a quest for significant cost-cutting in the production of process energy. Moreover, the use of industrial and household waste as fuel brings along the advantage of becoming largely independent from evolutions on the international oil and gas markets. By opening up the possibility for a long-term secured local (waste) fuel supply at fixed rates, WtE-technology offers a reliable alternative to maintain locally based industrial production sites. The Nordic Paper mills in A˚motfors are therefore now the first in Sweden to include a waste-fired CHP on a paper production site.
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Herrlander, Bo. "Novel Gas Cleaning With Integrated Energy Recovery." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5415.
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High-energy recovery combined with low emissions to air and water was targeted when Jo¨nko¨ping Energi planned their new Waste to Energy plant at Torsvik in Sweden. The plant is compliant with the new EU Industry Directive and the Waste Frame Directive R-formula, which defines energy recovery levels for recycle of energy. In total about 160 000 tons of municipal (40%) and commercial waste (60%) is annually converted into usable energy. The average heat value is 11,7 MJ/kg. The energy produced is a combination of electricity (14 MWe) and heat (42–56 MWth, depending on electricity production). The heat is recovered both in a boiler and in a condenser. The flue gas condensing system is combined with a heat pump (10 MWth) to optimize the heat recovery rate. The plant is designed to fulfill the requirements set by the Swedish authorities, which are more stringent than the EU emission requirements. Some examples of the plant emissions to air guarantees: dust 5, HCl 5, SO2 20, HF1, Hg 0,03, Cd+Tl 0,05, other HM 0,5 all in mg/Nm3 and dioxin 0,05 ng/Nm3. The flue gas cleaning upstream of the condenser consists of a combination of a semi-dry system and a wet scrubber. The gas cleaning system operating range goes from 60 000 up to 127 000 Nm3/h depending on load and fuel heat value. The semi-dry system is carrying out the major part of the gas cleaning and is sufficient to comply with the air regulations. However, in order to minimize the treatment of the condensate from the condenser the wet scrubber is installed after the semi-dry system and upstream the condenser. The blow down from the scrubber is reused within the plant. Thus the polishing scrubber secures minimal treatment of the condensate to comply with the local stringent limits, particular chlorides, before release to the recipient lake Munksjo¨n. Emissions to water were 2010 nitrogen 1,7 mg/l, Cl <3,6 mg/l, As 0,66 μg/l, Cd <0,07 μg/l, Cr <6 μg/l, Cu 0,8 μg/l, Hg <0,4 μg/l, Ni <0,66 μg/l, Pb<1,2 μg/l, Tl<1,3 μg/l, Zn<7,2 μg/l and PCDD/PCDF 0,0088 ng/l. In the wet scrubber acid stage residual HCl and excess ammonia from the SNCR system are removed. The latter compound is important to capture in order to prevent eutrophication. The combination of a semidry and a wet system enables an optimization of the flue gas cleaning with regard to the different operating situations, taking into account seasonal demand variations as well as fuel alterations. The concept has demonstrated very low emissions combined with low consumption of lime. The possibility to optimize the flue gas cleaning performance is a prerequisite for minimal condensate treatment and optimal energy recovery. The paper will describe the system and the operating experiences.
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Malik, Arif, John Wendel, Mark Zipf, and Andrew Nelson. "A Reliability-Based Approach to Flatness Actuator Effectiveness in 20-High Rolling Mills." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7281.
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20-High rolling mills process high strength and/or very thin non-ferrous and ferrous metals using a complex, cluster arrangement of rolls. The 20-high roll cluster arrangement achieves specific flatness goals in the thin sheet by delivering maximum rolling pressure while minimizing the deflections of the small diameter rolls. 20-high mills also employ flatness control mechanisms with sophisticated actuators, such as those to shift intermediate rolls and deflect backup bearing shafts. The purpose of this is to compensate for variations in strip dimensional and mechanical properties which can cause poor flatness control quality from discrepancies in work-roll gap profile and distribution of rolling force. This suggests that the random property differences in the rolling parameters that substantially affect the flatness must be directly accounted for in flatness control algorithms in order to achieve strict flatness quality. The use of accurate mathematical models that account for the rolling pass target gage reduction can optimize the flatness control actuators and help gain an advantage in the thin gauge strip competitive global market. Based on the expected process parameter variations and nominal mill set-points (speed, tension, gage reduction, etc.), the mill’s process control computer should determine the probability that target flatness control quality will be met for a required length of strip. The process computer should then either modify the number of rolling passes or adjust the thickness reduction schedule before rolling begins to secure an improved flatness probability estimate if the probability of achieving target strip flatness is too low for the required deliverable quality. Therefore, this research integrates 1) 20-high roll-stack mill mathematical modeling, 2) probability distribution data for random important rolling parameters, 3) reliability-based models to predict the probability of achieving desired strip flatness, and 4) optimization examples. The results can be used to reduce wasted rolled metal from poor flatness before rolling.
Reports on the topic ""Top Secret America""
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Author, Not Given. Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan. Discovering Sustainable Solutions to Power and Secure America’s Future. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219030.
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Kim, Hyeyoung, Jihyun Lee, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. Standardized PPP Contract in Korea and its Implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003708.
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The standardization of PPP contracts in Korea has played a key role in establishing PPP institutional frameworks in the civil law system in which there must be legal and institutional safeguards for the long-term PPP contracts. The reliability of standardized contracts is secured due to the fact that the standardized PPP contract has been prepared by the statutory PPP agency under the approval of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, an influential ministry within the government. The standardization of PPP contracts has been of great utility for both the competent authorities and private partners. The standardized contract has streamlined negotiations. The private partner was able to trust in the major risk allocation declared through the standardized contract in handling land acquisition, construction completion, operation and demand, and termination. We found out through our survey that there are similarities between Korea and LAC countries in that most LAC countries have adopted the civil law system and the countries have developed similar payment types for PPP and risk allocation principles. The experience and lessons on standardized PPP contract in Korea can be of great utility to LAC countries.
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Allende López, Marcos, Diego López, Sergio Cerón, Antonio Leal, Adrián Pareja, Marcelo Da Silva, Alejandro Pardo, et al. Quantum-Resistance in Blockchain Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003313.
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This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnológico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The advent of quantum computing threatens internet protocols and blockchain networks because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. When quantum computers become robust enough to run Shor's algorithm on a large scale, the most used asymmetric algorithms, utilized for digital signatures and message encryption, such as RSA, (EC)DSA, and (EC)DH, will be no longer secure. Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time. Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as the thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in order to preserve the integrity of data and assets in their public and immutable ledgers. We have designed and developed a layer-two solution to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet and introduced a second signature in transactions using post-quantum keys. Our versatile solution can be applied to any blockchain network. In our implementation, quantum entropy was provided via the IronBridge Platform from CQC and we used LACChain Besu as the blockchain network.
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Resilient by Nature: Increasing Private Sector Uptake of Nature-based Solutions for Climate-resilient Infrastructure: A Market Assessment for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003711.
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Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity affecting our ability to deliver energy, transport, logistics, water, sanitation, and communications services. Investment for climate-resilient infrastructure is at the core of the IDB Groups agenda. In particular, nature-based Solutions (NbS) are a cost-effective way to build infrastructure resilient to climate change while delivering societal benefits. As many LAC governments and businesses are unaware of the opportunities and cost-efficiencies of NbS, setting out the business case for these solutions is an important first step to build support and secure funding. This Market Assessment examines how NbS can contribute to climate-resilient infrastructure through the protection, management, and restoration of natural capital. It examines existing barriers and the opportunities to increase private sector use of NbS focusing on the role of policy in NbS uptake; awareness, governance, and capacity; technical tools and skills to deliver NbS; and finance and funding. It provides recommendations for infrastructure project developers and operators, financial institutions, and policymakers to create a more enabling environment for NbS in LAC.