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Journal articles on the topic 'Topical preparation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Al-Taie, Anmar, and Omnia Hamdy Ahmed Ahmed Elqersh. "Assessment of public knowledge of improper application aspects of topical drug preparation use: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research 13, no. 4 (2024): 287–92. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcsr.jcsr_174_23.

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Abstract Background: In clinical practices, errors in application technique are made while applying topical medications. These errors can result in treatment failure, a reduction in therapeutic response and subpar disease control. The aim of this study was to explore the level of knowledge and attitudes towards application aspects of topical drug preparations amongst patients attending community pharmacies in Alexandria city, Egypt. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of improper use of topical drug preparation amongst the community in Alexandria, Egypt, b

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2

Hasanah, Santi, and Jessie Sofia Pamudji. "REVIEW: POTENTIAL OF NANOEMULGEL FORMULATIONS FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 9, no. 2 (2024): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/ms.v9i2.1182.

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Nanoemulgel is a combination of two different formulation systems, known as nanoemulsion preparation with gel matrix. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of topical nanoemulgel preparations because they are easy to apply and can avoid damage to various drugs in the body. Although topical nanoemulgel preparations have some limitations, they are capable of delivering lipophilic drugs topically. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential of nanoemulgel formulations for topical drug delivery against various physiological challenges and limitations of the formula. T

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Singhvi, Gautam, Shalini Patil, Vishal Girdhar, and Sunil Kumar Dubey. "Nanocarriers for Topical Drug Delivery: Approaches and Advancements." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 3 (2019): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180320122534.

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Background:Delivery of drugs through the skin has been an attractive as well as a challenging area for research. Topical drug delivery has provided enormous advantages over the systemic route for various drugs and one of the important amongst them is reduced toxicity due to a minimum or zero exposure to non-target organs.Methods:Various nanocarrier loaded topical preparations including organogels, emulgels, niosomal gel, lyotropic liquid crystal based gels, etc have been investigated for their topical application. Nanocarriers loaded topical preparation have been proven for improved permeation

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4

Savania, Prad. "Effective pharmaceutical management of Acute Otitis Externa: guidance and prescribing considerations." Journal of Prescribing Practice 1, no. 12 (2019): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2019.1.12.589.

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Acute Otitis Externa is a common condition observed by physicians, particularly in primary care. The condition usually occurs due to bacterial infection, so antibiotic therapy is frequently indicated. Oral antibiotics are rarely necessary but are still being prescribed, despite a wide range of available topical preparations. Choosing a topical preparation can sometimes be challenging for prescribers, however, consideration of a range of different factors is necessary. This article provides a review of the currently recommended prescribing practice and outlines key topical antibiotic ear prepar

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Parihar, Nikhita, Mahendra Saini, Shankar Lal Soni, and Vandana Sharma. "Emulgel: A Topical Preparation." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8, no. 3 (2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i3.765.

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Emulgel is an emerging topical drug formulation which is becoming increasingly popular due to its advantages over the conventional topical preparations. The emulgel is a combination of an emulsion and a gel and thus has a dual release control system. Its biggest and most favorable advantage has been the ability to incorporate hydrophobic drugs, thus making it emerge as a more popular choice these days. The emulgel is also greaseless, transparent; it can be easily spread and removed, has a long shelf- life, is thixotropic and is also pleasant looking. The emulgel is turning out be a preferred c

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Martin-Hirsch, D. P., F. Lannigan, and B. Irani. "Distribution of topical antibiotic preparations in mastoid cavities." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 3 (1992): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100119176.

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AbstractTopical antibiotic preparations are widely prescribed in the treatment of infected mastoid cavities with no knowledge of the distribution of the preparation within the cavity. This study ascertains the distribution of drop and spray preparations within mastoid cavities and suggests methods of delivery to maximize coverage.

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Mina J. Jabbar and Wedad K. Ali. "An overview of emulgels for topical application." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 23, no. 3 (2023): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v23i3.1043.

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In recent years, gels have been preferentially used for cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical preparations due to their favorable characteristics, such as being greaseless, readily spreadable and easily removable. However, one obstacle that faced it was the inability to enclose hydrophobic compounds. Therefore, a novel approach was developed to circumvent this limitation by mixing the gel with an emulsion, which led to creation of a new topical drug delivery system known as emulgel. Emulgel preserves all favorable features of gel and provides also dual release for drug, thus can be utiliz

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Belik, B. M., and A. N. Kovalev. "Experience of homeopathic ointment during the non-surgical treatment for acute hemorrhoids in the outpatient settings." Ambulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia) 19, no. 1 (2022): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1995-1477-2022-19-1-98-106.

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Introduction. The use of traditional anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic preparations during the non-surgical treatment of acute hemorrhoids is liable to cause the progression of serious side effects in patients.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of homeopathic ointment as the topical preparation in the complex treatment of patients with acute hemorrhoids on the outpatient settings.Materials and methods. The comparative analysis of the results of the non-surgical treatment was conducted and applied to 48 patients with acute hemorrhoids of 1–3 degrees, who were divided i

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9

Fitria, Wahda, Fadlina Chany Saputri, and Mahdi Jufri. "Stabilitas Kimia Nanoemulsi Gel Kombinasi Eugenol dan Sitronellal." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 6, no. 2 (2024): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i2.2355.

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Clove oil and lemongrass essential oil can be formulated into Nanoemulsion Gel preparations as topical preparations for the skin. This Nanoemulsion Gel preparation is formulated by first making a nanoemulsion preparation, which is then made into a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation by dispersing the nanoemulsion into a gel that has been made with active ingredients from clove oil and lemongrass essential oil. The gel nanoemulsion preparation was then analyzed for the stability of its chemical components using GC-MS. The results of analysis using GC-MS obtained that a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation for

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10

Puspitasari, Dewi Fitriani, and Rahmawati Salsa Dinurrosifa. "Comparative Dissolution Study Between Resveratrol Nanocream Formula and Conventional Resveratrol Cream with Dimethylsulfoxide Addition." Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 21, no. 1 (2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v21i1.9660.

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Resveratrol has potential activity as an antioxidant. Several studies have formulated resveratrol into topical preparations, but the low solubility of resveratrol causes low release of the active substance. Dimethylsulfoxide is a widely used ingredient in topical preparations, which can be used to increase the solubility of poorly soluble substances Nanocream is a nanoparticle-based topical drug delivery. The globule size is nanoscale, which can help improve drug solubility. The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative dissolution study between resveratrol nanocream formula and resvera

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11

Kiseļova, Olga, Baiba Mauriņa, and Venta Šidlovska. "Analysis of Extemporaneous Prescriptions Prescribed by Dermatovenerologists in Latvia and Comparison with Standardized Compounded Preparation Monographs of Germany and USA." Medicina 56, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56010029.

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Background and objectives: Even though many industrially manufactured medicines are available, extemporaneous preparations still have their niche in dermatology. In several countries, dermatovenerologists are one of the specialists prescribing extemporaneous medicines the most. In order to increase the quality of compounded medications and minimize risks to patient safety, several countries, for example, Germany and the United States of America (USA), created standardized compounded preparation monographs. Latvia, unlike these countries, does not have any officially approved standardized compo

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Yograj Mahajan and Vishal Gupta. "Assessment of wound healing activity of polyherbal gel, by “Excision wound Model” in Wistar rats." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 32, no. 1 (2025): 025–35. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.32.1.0228.

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Objective: This study was done for comparative evaluation of polyherbal gel formulations for topical application of healing agents at the time of wound to rapidly skin repair shortly duration possible, with minor pain, malaise and scarring to the patient over the wound healing stage. Methods: Topically utilization of standard marketed ointment (Betadine) and polyherbal gel formulation prepared from the hydroalcoholic extracts (Ethanol/Methanol and water 1:1 ratio) from Azadirachta indica leaves, Calendula officinalis flower, Turmeric rhizome and Aloe-vera pulp, were prepared and assess for its

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Tayal, Shivam, Pradyumn Tiwari, Vinod Sahu, and Shivang Sharma. "Preparation and Characterization of an Antiviral Gel." International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) 14, no. 4 (2023): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijppronline.2023.14413.

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The study was to develop an antiviral gel for topical application. The topical application of drug has many advantages over the intravenous and oral administration. It prevents metabolism of drug from liver and avoid the risk of gastrointestinal disorder and inconvenience of intravenous therapy pain. When the drug is applied topically it can penetrate deeper into the skin hence show better absorption and bioavailability. The wide varieties of pharmaceutical dosage form are available for topical drug delivery system. The most used one is gel, ointment and cream. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is wi

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14

Zhu, He, Debra Hoppensteadt, Rakesh Wahi, and Jawed Fareed. "Decreased Immunogenicity of Purified Topical Bovine Thrombin Preparations." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4209.4209.

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Abstract Abstract 4209 It has been reported that severe coagulopathy following exposure to topical bovine thrombin may be attributed to the impurities in bovine thrombin preparations. Prepared through the activation of bovine prothrombin by thromboplastin, a crude thrombin preparation was further purified using ion-exchange chromatography and membrane filtration steps to yield thrombin 4A and 4B preparations. The aim of this study was to compare the relative purity of these bovine thrombin preparations by virtue of the detection of bovine prothrombin-related antigens. Bovine prothrombin was ad

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15

Padhan, Dipti Kanta. "TOPICAL ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM SPHARENTHUS INDICUS (ASTERACEAE)." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17594.

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Objective: To evaluate the topical analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from Spharenthus indicus (Asteraceae).Methods: The essential oil was extracted from fresh flower of Spharenthus indicus. Topical ointment containing essential oil was investigated for analgesic activity in rat using hot plate method. Diclofenac sodium gel was taken as standard drug.Result: The analgesic activity of topical preparation was observed in the early phase. The analgesic activity of topical preparation showed significant activity comparative to standard drug diclofenac sodium.Conclusion: Hence the study v

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Hamdan, Dian Furqani, and Indiani Pasomba. "Formulation of Balm from Lemongrass Oil as Aromatherapy." SIGn Journal of Public Health 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37276/sjph.v2i1.213.

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This study aims to make a balm formulation from lemongrass essential oil as aromatherapy and to find the results of a physical evaluation of a balm made from lemongrass essential oil. This research uses the experimental method. The research was conducted at the STIKES Bhakti Pertiwi Pharmacy Laboratory, Luwu Raya Palopo. Data obtained from observations and results of laboratory examinations were computerized and presented in tabular form with explanations. The results showed that the preparation of lemongrass leaf balm, which included organoleptic tests, homogeneous tests, pH similarity tests,

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17

Jaber, Saba A., Halah T. Sulaiman, and Nawal A. Rajab. "Preparation, Characterization and In-Vitro Diffusion Study of Different Topical Flurbiprofen Semisolids." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 10, no. 01 (2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.12.

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Flurbiprofen (FLB) is chemically 2-(3- fluoro-4-phenyl phenyl) propanoic acid. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Oral administration of this drug is associated with severe gastrointestinal side effects like ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding. The solution to this problem lies in the fact that topically applied NSAIDs are safer than orally. This study aims to prepare different topical semisolid formulation of FLB as cream base (o/w), (w/o) and gel base using different gel-forming agents in different concen

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18

D, Prasanthi, Thapaswi I, Vasavi D, and Lakshmi PK. "Dutasteride Topical Gel Containing Herbal Extract for Male Pattern Baldness." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 04 (2024): 978–83. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.4.8.

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Topical preparations are utilized to deliver drugs directly to the site of application, ensuring localized effects by penetrating into underlying layers of the skin or mucous membrane, thereby offering primary advantage of avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Dutasteride is mainly used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The research aimed to develop a topical preparation using dutasteride for treating androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness) wherein incorporation of onion or garlic extract was explored due to their known benefits in promoting hair growth. Various concentrations

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19

Yoder, Milton G., and Thomas A. Weimert. "Antibiotics and Topical Surgical Preparation Solution in Septal Surgery." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 3 (1992): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600307.

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One thousand forty patients undergoing septal surgery of the nose were included in this 5-year study of no prophylactic antibiotics and no topical surgical preparation solution before surgery. Minor nasal infections developed in only five patients (0.48%) postoperatively. All five of these patients responded to oral antibiotic therapy and did not require hospitalization or intravenous antibiotic treatment. The incidence of infectious complications resulting from nasal surgery without the use of topical surgical preparation solution and without prophylactic antibiotics is minimal. No topical su

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20

Sundari, I. Bala Tripura, P. Akhila P. Akhila, M. Anirudh Surya, K. Sai Prakash Reddy, M. Ajay M. Ajay, and K. Jahnavi Reddy. "Formulation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Diethylamine Gel Using Natural Mucilages." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 1 (2025): 1343–48. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100113431348.

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Gels have better potential as a vehicle to deliver the drug topically. The present work aimed to study the gelling efficiency of natural mucilages using diclofenac diethylamine used topically for its effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Diclofenac diethyl amine topical gels were formulated with okra mucilage (2.5-10%), and hibiscus mucilage (2.5-10%) and compared with Carbopol 934 (1-2%). The prepared gel formulations were evaluated for clarity, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, and drug content. Formulation F4 containing 10% Hibiscus mucilage as the gelling agent

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21

Kesavanarayanan, K., Mohanavelu Nappinnai, and Raju Ilavarasan. "Topical dosage form of valdecoxib: Preparation and pharmacological evaluation." Acta Pharmaceutica 57, no. 2 (2007): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-007-0016-6.

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Topical dosage form of valdecoxib: Preparation and pharmacological evaluationValdecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, produces serious side effects when given orally. This has led to its withdrawal. Topical application of valdecoxib was formulated and evaluated for its efficacy and safety. Standard procedures were followed and male Wistar albino rats were used to test the anti-inflammatory effect and effect in hyperalgesic conditions. Ointments, creams, and gels containing valdecoxib 1% (m/m) were prepared. These were tested for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, drug content uniformity,i

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G, Hemanth, Jyothi M, Richitha S, and Sindhu S. "Preparation and Evaluation of Fluconazole Topical Microemulsion." American Journal of PharmTech Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2018.v8.i4.026.

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Amin, P. D., and Mushtaq A. Fruitwala. "Brythromycihn Gel - a Topical Anti-Acne Preparation." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 20, no. 7 (1994): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049409038371.

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Hossain, A. S. M. Monjur Al, Bruno C. Sil, Fotis Iliopoulos, Rebecca Lever, Jonathan Hadgraft, and Majella E. Lane. "Preparation, Characterisation, and Topical Delivery of Terbinafine." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 10 (2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11100548.

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Terbinafine (TBF) is commonly used in the management of fungal infections of the skin because of its broad spectrum of activity. Currently, formulations containing the free base and salt form are available. However, there is only limited information in the literature about the physicochemical properties of this drug and its uptake by the skin. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive characterisation of TBF, and we also examined its percutaneous absorption in vitro in porcine skin. TBF-free base was synthesised from the hydrochloride salt by a simple proton displacement reaction. Both the fr

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Brownlee, R. E., G. F. Hulka, J. Prazma, and H. C. Pillsbury. "Ciprofloxacin: Use as a Topical Otic Preparation." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 4 (1992): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1992.01880040050009.

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Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes, I. Gede Putu Wirawan, Made Sritamin, I. Ketut Suada, and Wayan Adiartayasa. "ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE TOPICAL PREPARATION OF BULUNG SANGU (Gracilaria spp) EXTRACT." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2020.v07.i02.p04.

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Bulung Sangu (Gracilaria spp) as many other macroalgae, is a source of beneficial phytochemical for health. Phytochemicals in macroalgae are widely used as active ingredients in cosmetic preparations. The study was aimed to determine the antioxidant properties of Bulung Sangu formulated in topical preparation. Bulung Sangu was macerated in ethanol 96% following by extract formulation in cream preparation in two concentrations: 5% and 10%. Antioxidant activity was determined against DPPH radical, compared to ascorbic acid. Percentage of reducing power in five concentration series (10, 20, 30, 4

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Dutta, Mainak, Soumya Ghatak, Gautam Biswas, and Ramanuj Sinha. "Extensive Mucosal Erosion and Sloughing of Tongue: A Hitherto Unknown Complication of Topical Clotrimazole Preparation." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 189 (2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.585.

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Clotrimazole, a broad-spectrum imidazole antimycotic, is a widely-used prescription as well as an over-the-counter drug for treatment of mucosal (oral, vulvovaginal) candidiasis and dermatophytes. An extremely safe and well-tolerated drug, its safety profile has been well-explored in researches and trials. The commonest complaints are almost always non-serious-pruritus, rashes, paraesthesia (stinging/burning sensation) and erythema on topical applications, and nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste sensation and elevated liver enzymes on oral preparations (troches). However, mucosal ulceration on

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Dupuis, Antoine, Nicolas Tournier, Gwenaël Le Moal, and Nicolas Venisse. "Preparation and Stability of Voriconazole Eye Drop Solution." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 2 (2008): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01126-08.

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ABSTRACT The combined systemic and topical administration of voriconazole has successfully been used to treat keratomycosis. Because no voriconazole eye drop product is commercially available, we prepared a sterile eye drop solution (10 mg/ml). Voriconazole remains stable over 30 days, providing an eye drop solution suitable for use for the topical treatment of fungal keratitis.

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Setiawan, Iwan, Diska Wandani, Ernawati, Fadli Asmani, Eka Kusuma, and Kurniawan. "Advancements in topical antifungal treatment: Cream and hydrogel nanosponge integration loaded with Palmarosa essential oil." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 12 (2025): 1963–71. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v23i12.1.

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Purpose: To optimize the preparation of hydrogel and creams integrated using nanosponge loaded with palmarosa essential oil. Method: Palmarosa nanosponge essential oil was formulated by oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion solvent diffusion method using various ratios of drug to polymer; ethylcellulose (EC). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dichloromethane were used to create the aqueous and dispersed phases, respectively. Furthermore, nanosponge (NS) was studied for particle size and zeta potential, followed by integration into cream and hydrogel preparations. The preparations were evaluated for physicoche

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Langford, Jane H., Phillip Artemi, and Shalom I. Benrimoj. "Topical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Minor Wounds." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 5 (1997): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100506.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a novel topical antimicrobial gel containing cetrimide, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulfate to prevent infections of minor wounds. DESIGN: A clinical trial compared the test preparation with placebo and a povidone iodine antiseptic cream. SETTING: Five primary schools in Sydney, Australia, participated in the study over a 6-week spring/summer school term. SUBJECTS: Children aged 5–12 years with parental consent were eligible for study participation. Accidental injuries occurring at school were treated in a standardized manner by nurses at each site. OUTCOM

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Sato, Junya, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Yoko Yasuda, et al. "Effectiveness of a pharmaceutical instruction video for adherence to dermatopathy treatment in patients with cancer receiving the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 7 (2020): 1667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155220904149.

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Background Dermatopathy develops as a side effect in patients receiving anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody treatment. Topical moisturizers are used for the prevention and treatment of this dermatopathy. Active participation of patients in their own treatment is important for the appropriate application of topical preparations. We prepared a pharmaceutical instructional video for adhering to the topical application protocol. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of this pharmaceutical instructional video on treatment adherence. Methods Study participants were patients wit

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Aggarwal, Deepika, Alka Garg, and Indu P. Kaur. "Development of a topical niosomal preparation of acetazolamide: preparation and evaluation." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56, no. 12 (2004): 1509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357044896.

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Čabaravdić, Amra, Irfan Zulić, Zakira Mornjaković, Mirjana Mijanović, and Fahir Bečić. "Experimental model of the burn wound topical treatment." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2003): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2003.3495.

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AbstractBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Clinical research of drugs is a researching step subsequent to the preclinical studies in experimental animals. The aim of our research was to evaluate animal model of wound healing process after the burninducement and effects of the ointment containing natural plants on the process of burn healing.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Burn wounds were experimentally induced in two species of experimental animals which were treated with topically applied herbal preparation with concomitant monitoring of the healing process. Experimental groups (1) of 15 animals each (mice and rat

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Powale, Shweta, Vinod Kumar Chandel, and Sandesh Asati. "Preparation and Characterization of Ethosomes for Topical Delivery of Clindamycin." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 1 (2022): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i1.5190.

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Topical medication administration is the simplest and most convenient method of delivering localised drugs to any part of the body via ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and cutaneous channels. These are used in a wide range of cosmetic and dermatological preparations on both healthy and sick skin. Drugs are applied topically to have an effect at the application site or to have systemic effects. The goal of this study was to develop and characterise clindamycin ethosomes that could carry the medicine to the target site more efficiently while also avoiding the complications associated with oral drug

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Fatima May R., Tesoro, and Faller Erwin M. "NOVEL TOPICAL, REGIONAL & TRANSDERMAL DOSAGE FORMS USING NANOTECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 06 (2021): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13020.

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Purpose: To summarize main findings of topical or transdermal preparation delivered in the skin or eye region using novel nano-technology. Method: Narrative review of all relevant papers from peer reviewed and high impact journals. Results: The delivery system of pharmaceutical preparations for skin and eyes are now elevated to novel aerosolized gels, foams, sprays and other forms that are delivered using nano-pharmaceutical dynamics such as Ag nanoparticles,impregnated urethanes, liposomes, nanoemulsions,polymers and nanopolymers. And these trends provide elevation from benefits and limitatio

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AR, Nannar. "Review on Pharmaceutical Gelling Agents." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000266.

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Topical gels are semisolid solutions with a liquid phase contained inside a three-dimensional polymeric matrix composed of gum, which can be synthetic or natural and has a high degree of cross-linking, either chemically or physically. Topical gels' behaviour in the midst of liquid and solid components makes them a great option for a variety of applications. Topical gels have garnered a lot of attention recently since scientists in industry, research and development, education, drug control administration, and professional domains are interested in this issue. The purpose of this page is to go

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Chauhan, Lalita, and Shalini Gupta. "Creams: A Review on Classification, Preparation Methods, Evaluation and its Applications." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5-s (2020): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4430.

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Creams are considered an important part of cosmetic product as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of application to the skin and also their removal. From cosmetic purposes, Pharmaceutical creams have a variety of applications such as cleansing, beautifying, altering appearance, moisturizing etc. to skin protection against bacterial, fungal infections as well as healing cuts, burns, wounds on the skin. These semi solid preparations are safe to use by the public and society. The human skin is easily vulnerable to injury but it has the capability to heal on its own. Howev

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Akshata, V. Raut* Nakul Kathar Ganjanan Sanap. "Microsponges: The Drug Delivery System." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 328–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523750.

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Microsponge technology has been developed for topical drug products in order to promote controlled release of the drug's active ingredient into the skin, thereby reducing systemic exposure and minimizing local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. Microsponge is made up of macroporous beads that are normally 10-25 micron in diameter and loaded with an active agent. When applied to the skin, the microsponge releases its active ingredients on a timer as well as in response to other signals. Microsponge drug delivery technology holds great promise for achieving the goal of controlled and site-spec

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Toskic-Radojicic, Marija, Zorka Nonkovic, Irma Loncar, and Milomir Varjacic. "Effects of topical application of metronidazole-containing mucoadhesive lipogel in periodontal pockets." Vojnosanitetski pregled 62, no. 7-8 (2005): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0508565t.

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Introduction. Metronidazole is the drug of choice in the treatment of periodontal pockets up to 5 mm in depth. It is topically applied - directly into the periodontal pockets. There are no registred trademark preparations for this purpose in the market of Serbia and Montenegro. The aim of our latest research was to test the efficacy of newly formulated preparation containing 25% metronidazole suspended in a lipogel in vitro - in anaerobic cultures isolated from the periodontal pockets, and in vivo - by the direct application into periodontal pockets. Methods. Preparation efficacy was tested in

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Chittoria, Ravi. "Role of topical insulin therapy in amputation stump." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, no. 4 (2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/028.

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Wound healing is a complex process with overlapping steps of haemostasis, the inflammatory and proliferative phases, remodelling .Any problem with the edge of the wound can be detrimental to healing and may cause delay in wound healing. In this article, we share our experience of using topical insulin therapy for wound bed preparation in non-healing ulcer over the amputation stump.

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Kumari, Meenu, Monika Sachdeva, and Vijay Agarwal. "IMPROVED TOPICAL PREPARATION OF CALCIPOTRIOL IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS." International Research Journal Of Pharmacy 15, no. 5 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1205133.

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This research project is aimed to prepare improved topical preparation of Calcipotriol in the treatment of psoriasis by incorporation of an anti-inflammatory agent, keratolytic agent, humectants, surfactant, thickener & to perform its evaluation. In these different preparations of lotions sodium carboxymethylcellulose is used as a viscosity-enhancing agent in varying concentrations. This non-steroidal formulation is prepared by adding tea tree oil to avoid side effects associated with steroidal preparation and to avoid the issue of atrophy with long-term use of steroids. Evaluation of all

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Mabry, Richard L. "Corticosteroids in the management of upper respiratory allergy: The emerging role of steroid nasal sprays." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 107, no. 6_part_2 (1992): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210700608.2.

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Corticosteroids are undoubtedly the pharmacotherapeutic agents with the broadest application for the treatment of many types of rhinitis, not just those of atopic origin. However, this potent class of drugs also has the greatest potential for adverse effects and complications. Proper use requires that they be used only after failure of more conservative measures, at the smallest effective dose, for the shortest possible time, and preferably should be administered by the topical intranasal route. Topical corticosteroids, concentrated at the area involved, offer significant relief to patients wi

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Drakalska Sersemova, Elena, Marija Arev, Paulina Apostolova, et al. "Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic cream formulations with meloxicam." Pharmacia 71 (November 22, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e139355.

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The purpose of this study is to formulate and evaluate amphiphilic cream with meloxicam indicated for topical relief of pain, particularly because there are currently no available topical dosage forms on the market. Thus, the present research is focused on characterization of the capacity of the amphiphilic base, composed of glycerol monostearate, cetyl alcohol, Tagat® S2, Myritol® 318, propylene glycol, and white petrolatum, to be loaded with drug model meloxicam dissolved in propylene glycol. To enhance the solubility and penetration of meloxicam, menthol as a rubefacient was added to the me

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Drakalska, Sersemova Elena, Marija Arev, Paulina Apostolova, et al. "Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic cream formulations with meloxicam." Pharmacia 71 (November 22, 2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e139355.

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The purpose of this study is to formulate and evaluate amphiphilic cream with meloxicam indicated for topical relief of pain, particularly because there are currently no available topical dosage forms on the market. Thus, the present research is focused on characterization of the capacity of the amphiphilic base, composed of glycerol monostearate, cetyl alcohol, Tagat® S2, Myritol® 318, propylene glycol, and white petrolatum, to be loaded with drug model meloxicam dissolved in propylene glycol. To enhance the solubility and penetration of meloxicam, menthol as a rubefacient was added to the me

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Chandraprabha, Upadhyay, and Meenakshi Bharkatiya Dr. "A Review on Pharmaceutical Gels." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 8, no. 3 (2021): 110–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13963081.

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The goal of this study was to compile the most recent research, with a particular focus on a logical approach to topical formulation and the fundamental components of topical drug delivery systems. Topical medication applications offer the benefit of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and acting for a longer time. The main route of topical medication delivery is through the skin, which is one of the most common and easily accessible organs on the human body for topical administration. Many commonly used topical treatments, such as ointments, creams, and lotions, have a number o

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Bosanquet, DC, A. Rangaraj, AJ Richards, A. Riddell, VM Saravolac, and KG Harding. "Topical steroids for chronic wounds displaying abnormal inflammation." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 4 (2013): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588413x13629960045634.

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Introduction Chronic, non-healing wounds are often characterised by an excessive, and detrimental, inflammatory response. We review our experience of using a combined topical steroid, antibiotic and antifungal preparation in the treatment of chronic wounds displaying abnormal and excessive inflammation. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients being treated with a topical preparation containing a steroid (clobetasone butyrate 0.05%), antibiotic and antifungal at a tertiary wound healing centre over a ten-year period. Patients were selected as the primary treating physician

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Greiner, Jack V., Hridaya N. Bhargava, Thomas Glonek, Donald R. Korb, Michael E. Lindsay, and Paula J. Oliver. "Cutaneous Permeation of a Percutaneously Applied Glucocorticoid Using Plant-Based Anionic Phospholipids in Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil: A Preliminary Study." Medicina 58, no. 10 (2022): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101334.

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Purpose: It is important that, when corticosteroids are used therapeutically, concentrations be reduced as much as possible to mitigate potential adverse events and side effects. This preliminary study compares the permeation for the delivery of a corticosteroid in a 1% hydrocortisone-supplemented topical cream containing anionic polar phospholipids (APP) in hydrogenated vegetable oil (triglyceride) versus a market-leading 1% hydrocortisone in a mineral hydrocarbon-based skin cream. Methods: Using the Franz diffusion cell method with cadaveric skin, the permeation of a 1% hydrocortisone-supple

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Zhang, Lirong, Wei Li, Qingjun Zhao, and Ruyang Teng. "Construction of lidocaine transmembrane nano-liposomes and preliminary study on its surface anesthetic effect." Materials Express 11, no. 11 (2021): 1826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.2089.

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Lidocaine (Lido) is an amide local anesthetic that has both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system, and is one of a group of commonly used local nerve block drugs that are used in the clinic. However, traditional Lido does not meet the transdermal performance requirements of surface anesthetic agents for treating pain in patients. Optimizing the preparation of a Lido transdermal preparation and improving the control of anesthetic depth and efficiency has become a challenge in the field of topical anesthesia. In this study, a new type of Lido nano-transdermal preparatio

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Othman, Ahmed, and Ahmed Sabati. "PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL FORMULATIONS OF MELOXICAM." Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (2004): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjps.2004.177897.

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Kumar, Ajay, Abhishek Soni, Ashish Kumar, ,. Yashpal, and Jyoti Devi. "Preparation of Luliconazole loaded silver nanoparticles Topical gel." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 4 (2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4.5424.

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After optimization of the luliconazole loaded silver nanoparticles formulation it was given a gel base for topical delivery the silver nanoparticles have a very low viscosity. The gel was formed by varying the concentration of carbopol 940 as 0.75%, 1. %, 2%. The optimized luliconazole loaded silver nanoparticles formulation LSN14 was incorporated into different concentration carbopol gel base of different concentrations of carbopol and evaluated for various in vitro characterization parameters homogeneity, grittiness, measurement of pH, drug content, viscosity study, Spreadibility, in - vitro

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