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Al-Taie, Anmar, and Omnia Hamdy Ahmed Ahmed Elqersh. "Assessment of public knowledge of improper application aspects of topical drug preparation use: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research 13, no. 4 (2024): 287–92. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcsr.jcsr_174_23.
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Abstract Background: In clinical practices, errors in application technique are made while applying topical medications. These errors can result in treatment failure, a reduction in therapeutic response and subpar disease control. The aim of this study was to explore the level of knowledge and attitudes towards application aspects of topical drug preparations amongst patients attending community pharmacies in Alexandria city, Egypt. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of improper use of topical drug preparation amongst the community in Alexandria, Egypt, by participant interviews with a standardized, three-part questionnaire. Results: A total of 103 participants with a mean age of 34.9 ± 16.1 years were enrolled in the study. 64% of the respondents reported that they had some knowledge to use a particular type of topical preparation. 50.5% stated that the pharmacist was the main source for the provision of instructions regarding the proper use of topical preparations, followed by the physician (34%). 41.7% of the respondents reported errors that were identified in techniques while using topical preparation. Of those, 90.7% reported a technical application error while using topical preparation. 54.4% reported that they did not use a medication leaflet to get information about proper topical preparation use. Conclusions: This study highlights that there are some aspects of application technique errors regarding topical medications encountered by the public. Community pharmacists and other healthcare professionals ought to consider the need for steps to be taken to address patient misunderstandings and avoiding incorrect practices.
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Hasanah, Santi, and Jessie Sofia Pamudji. "REVIEW: POTENTIAL OF NANOEMULGEL FORMULATIONS FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 9, no. 2 (2024): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/ms.v9i2.1182.
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Nanoemulgel is a combination of two different formulation systems, known as nanoemulsion preparation with gel matrix. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of topical nanoemulgel preparations because they are easy to apply and can avoid damage to various drugs in the body. Although topical nanoemulgel preparations have some limitations, they are capable of delivering lipophilic drugs topically. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential of nanoemulgel formulations for topical drug delivery against various physiological challenges and limitations of the formula. Through the publication search, as many as 124 articles were obtained based on the screening results of 29 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were used as a review. The analysis of data for this article was conducted through a narrative review. This preparation may improve the permeability of the drug into the skin by penetrating the stratum corneum through intercellular and intracellular pathways, depending on the components used: oil phase, surfactants, co-surfactants, and gelling agents. Surfactants are responsible for damaging the structure of the skin layer by lowering the surface tension, and gelling agents are responsible for increasing the viscosity and adhesiveness of the skin. Nanoemulgel formulations for topical drug delivery can be used to treat several diseases, such as inflammation, arthritis, wounds, fungal infections, bacterial infections, and psoriasis. The nanoemulgel formulation may provide promising potential in delivering lipophilic drugs topically in the future Keywords: Nanoemulgel, nanoemulsion, gel, topical drug delivery
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Singhvi, Gautam, Shalini Patil, Vishal Girdhar, and Sunil Kumar Dubey. "Nanocarriers for Topical Drug Delivery: Approaches and Advancements." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 3 (2019): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180320122534.
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Background:Delivery of drugs through the skin has been an attractive as well as a challenging area for research. Topical drug delivery has provided enormous advantages over the systemic route for various drugs and one of the important amongst them is reduced toxicity due to a minimum or zero exposure to non-target organs.Methods:Various nanocarrier loaded topical preparations including organogels, emulgels, niosomal gel, lyotropic liquid crystal based gels, etc have been investigated for their topical application. Nanocarriers loaded topical preparation have been proven for improved permeation through the cutaneous barrier and delivering the drug at the target site. The objective of this review is to study the recent updates regarding newer topical gel formulations and highlighting their current potential and future scope of the same.Results:The present work has summarized different studies related to nanotechnology derived topical gel formulations and also enlisted few drugs which have been successfully formulated as novel topical gels. Advancement in nanocarriers loaded topical preparations have also been reviewed with their permeation and efficacy compared to conventional formulations.Conclusion:The present review will provide an overview of nanotechnology based topical preparation to the readers and will create curiosity for further development.
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Savania, Prad. "Effective pharmaceutical management of Acute Otitis Externa: guidance and prescribing considerations." Journal of Prescribing Practice 1, no. 12 (2019): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2019.1.12.589.
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Acute Otitis Externa is a common condition observed by physicians, particularly in primary care. The condition usually occurs due to bacterial infection, so antibiotic therapy is frequently indicated. Oral antibiotics are rarely necessary but are still being prescribed, despite a wide range of available topical preparations. Choosing a topical preparation can sometimes be challenging for prescribers, however, consideration of a range of different factors is necessary. This article provides a review of the currently recommended prescribing practice and outlines key topical antibiotic ear preparations available in the UK for treatment of Acute Otitis Externa. As no one topical ear preparation is more effective than another, a consideration of the benefits and risks of each treatment is needed to enable therapeutic resolution of Acute Otitis Externa. Furthermore, patient compliance should be adequately considered to increase the likelihood of patient adherence to treatment.
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Parihar, Nikhita, Mahendra Saini, Shankar Lal Soni, and Vandana Sharma. "Emulgel: A Topical Preparation." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8, no. 3 (2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i3.765.
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Emulgel is an emerging topical drug formulation which is becoming increasingly popular due to its advantages over the conventional topical preparations. The emulgel is a combination of an emulsion and a gel and thus has a dual release control system. Its biggest and most favorable advantage has been the ability to incorporate hydrophobic drugs, thus making it emerge as a more popular choice these days. The emulgel is also greaseless, transparent; it can be easily spread and removed, has a long shelf- life, is thixotropic and is also pleasant looking. The emulgel is turning out be a preferred choice for cosmetic and dermatological preparations and its use and application will accelerate in the coming future.
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Martin-Hirsch, D. P., F. Lannigan, and B. Irani. "Distribution of topical antibiotic preparations in mastoid cavities." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 3 (1992): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100119176.
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AbstractTopical antibiotic preparations are widely prescribed in the treatment of infected mastoid cavities with no knowledge of the distribution of the preparation within the cavity. This study ascertains the distribution of drop and spray preparations within mastoid cavities and suggests methods of delivery to maximize coverage.
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Mina J. Jabbar and Wedad K. Ali. "An overview of emulgels for topical application." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 23, no. 3 (2023): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v23i3.1043.
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In recent years, gels have been preferentially used for cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical preparations due to their favorable characteristics, such as being greaseless, readily spreadable and easily removable. However, one
 obstacle that faced it was the inability to enclose hydrophobic compounds. Therefore, a novel approach was developed to circumvent this limitation by mixing the gel with an emulsion, which led to creation of a new topical drug delivery system known as emulgel. Emulgel preserves all favorable features of gel and provides also dual release for drug, thus can be utilized effectively in controlling release and absorption of medication after topical application. Emulgel preparation requires coherent steps, this includes preparation of emulsion and gel and determining their mixing ratio. Finally, the prepared emulgels should be evaluated to ensure their suitability and efficacy for the topical application.
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Belik, B. M., and A. N. Kovalev. "Experience of homeopathic ointment during the non-surgical treatment for acute hemorrhoids in the outpatient settings." Ambulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia) 19, no. 1 (2022): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1995-1477-2022-19-1-98-106.
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Introduction. The use of traditional anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic preparations during the non-surgical treatment of acute hemorrhoids is liable to cause the progression of serious side effects in patients.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of homeopathic ointment as the topical preparation in the complex treatment of patients with acute hemorrhoids on the outpatient settings.Materials and methods. The comparative analysis of the results of the non-surgical treatment was conducted and applied to 48 patients with acute hemorrhoids of 1–3 degrees, who were divided into two groups. In 23 patients (control group), traditional non-surgical treatment was conducted without the use of topical preparations. In 25 patients (the main group), traditional preparation therapy was supplemented with local treatment using homeopathic ointment.Results. In the patients of the main group, a faster regression of pain syndrome and other manifestations of the disease (itching, burning and discomfort in the anal canal, perianal edema) was noted in the dynamics of treatment, and higher values of quality of life parameters were recorded than in patients of the control group. In the main group, good and satisfactory treatment results were obtained in 23 (92.0%) patients, unsatisfactory – in 2 (8.0%) patients. In the control group, good and satisfactory treatment results were observed in 18 (78.3%) patients, unsatisfactory results – in 5 (21.7%) patients.Discussion. The maximum therapeutic effect with topical application of ointment was observed in patients with acute hemorrhoids of 2–3 degrees, the disease in which proceeded with a pronounced inflammatory-allergic component.Conclusion. Our results allow us to consider homeopathic ointment as an alternative topical preparation in the non-surgical treatment of acute hemorrhoids in outpatient settings in patients with serious contraindications to the use of traditional topical preparations.
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Fitria, Wahda, Fadlina Chany Saputri, and Mahdi Jufri. "Stabilitas Kimia Nanoemulsi Gel Kombinasi Eugenol dan Sitronellal." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 6, no. 2 (2024): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i2.2355.
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Clove oil and lemongrass essential oil can be formulated into Nanoemulsion Gel preparations as topical preparations for the skin. This Nanoemulsion Gel preparation is formulated by first making a nanoemulsion preparation, which is then made into a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation by dispersing the nanoemulsion into a gel that has been made with active ingredients from clove oil and lemongrass essential oil. The gel nanoemulsion preparation was then analyzed for the stability of its chemical components using GC-MS. The results of analysis using GC-MS obtained that a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation formulated from clove oil and lemongrass oil was chemically stable. Keywords: Nanoemulsion gel preparation, Chemical stability, GC-MS Abstrak Minyak atsiri cengkeh dan minyak atsiri sereh dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi gel sebagai sediaan topikal pada kulit. Sediaan nanoemulsi gel ini diformulasikan dengan terlebih dahulu membuat sediaan nanoemulsi, yang selanjutnya dibuat menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi gel dengan mendispersikan nanoemulsi ke dalam gel yang telah dibuat dengan bahan aktif dari minyak atsiri cengkeh dan minyak atsiri sereh. Sediaan nanoemulsi gel kemudian dianalisis stabilitas komponen kimianya dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil analisis menggunakan GC-MS diperoleh sediaan nanoemulsi gel yang diformulasikan dari minyak cengkeh dan minyak sereh cukup stabil secara kimia. Kata Kunci: sediaan Nanoemulsi Gel, stabilitas Kimia, GC-MS
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Puspitasari, Dewi Fitriani, and Rahmawati Salsa Dinurrosifa. "Comparative Dissolution Study Between Resveratrol Nanocream Formula and Conventional Resveratrol Cream with Dimethylsulfoxide Addition." Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 21, no. 1 (2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v21i1.9660.
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Resveratrol has potential activity as an antioxidant. Several studies have formulated resveratrol into topical preparations, but the low solubility of resveratrol causes low release of the active substance. Dimethylsulfoxide is a widely used ingredient in topical preparations, which can be used to increase the solubility of poorly soluble substances Nanocream is a nanoparticle-based topical drug delivery. The globule size is nanoscale, which can help improve drug solubility. The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative dissolution study between resveratrol nanocream formula and resveratrol conventional cream preparation with the addition of dimethylsulfoxide at various concentrations of 3%, 5% and 7%. The research method began with formulating resveratrol nanocream preparation. The preparation consisted of lipid components dispersed into a cream base. The lipids consisted of VCO, tween 80 and propylenglycol. Loading drug of resveratrol lipid was 300 mg, then tested for transimtance value and globule size. Conventional resveratrol cream formula was made into FI, FII and FIII, where each formula used different concentration of DMSO. Physical characteristics testing was conducted on nanocream and conventional resveratrol cream.Analysis of dissolution test results was observed among FI, FII and FIII in conventional cream formulas. The dissolution test results of these three formulas were also compared with the resveratrol nanocream preparation. Observation of dissolution results was assessed from the percentage of active substance released at minutes 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60.The dissolution test results showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage of active substance released between the conventional resveratrol cream preparation formulas, but there was a significant difference between the three conventional resveratrol cream preparation formulas and the resveratrol nanocream preparation.
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Kiseļova, Olga, Baiba Mauriņa, and Venta Šidlovska. "Analysis of Extemporaneous Prescriptions Prescribed by Dermatovenerologists in Latvia and Comparison with Standardized Compounded Preparation Monographs of Germany and USA." Medicina 56, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56010029.
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Background and objectives: Even though many industrially manufactured medicines are available, extemporaneous preparations still have their niche in dermatology. In several countries, dermatovenerologists are one of the specialists prescribing extemporaneous medicines the most. In order to increase the quality of compounded medications and minimize risks to patient safety, several countries, for example, Germany and the United States of America (USA), created standardized compounded preparation monographs. Latvia, unlike these countries, does not have any officially approved standardized compounded preparation monographs. The purpose of this survey is to analyze the extemporaneous prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists to identify the active ingredients, combinations of active ingredients, and excipients prescribed by dermatovenerologists the most often, and to find out how many active ingredients are most often compounded in different dosage forms. To understand whether the extemporaneous formulations used in Latvia for dermatological indications are evidence-based, they were compared with German and USA formulations. Materials and Methods: A database was created entering data on all the prescriptions prepared in the selected pharmacies in 2017 to summarize information on extemporaneous prescriptions. The prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists were selected and compared with German and USA formulations. Results: Data from 17 Latvian pharmacies were collected, and 2521 extemporaneous formulations were analyzed. In preparation of semi-solid dosage forms, 25 bulk drug substances and 37 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of suspensions, 25 bulk drug substances and 10 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical solutions, 23 bulk drug substances and two industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical powders, nine bulk drug substances were used; in preparation of oral solutions, five bulk drug substances were used. Conclusions: The analyzed prescriptions contained active ingredients used in Germany and the USA, as well as active ingredients, the use of which is limited in Germany and the USA. In Latvia, topical dosage forms containing two or more active ingredients are widely prescribed.
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Yograj Mahajan and Vishal Gupta. "Assessment of wound healing activity of polyherbal gel, by “Excision wound Model” in Wistar rats." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 32, no. 1 (2025): 025–35. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.32.1.0228.
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Objective: This study was done for comparative evaluation of polyherbal gel formulations for topical application of healing agents at the time of wound to rapidly skin repair shortly duration possible, with minor pain, malaise and scarring to the patient over the wound healing stage. Methods: Topically utilization of standard marketed ointment (Betadine) and polyherbal gel formulation prepared from the hydroalcoholic extracts (Ethanol/Methanol and water 1:1 ratio) from Azadirachta indica leaves, Calendula officinalis flower, Turmeric rhizome and Aloe-vera pulp, were prepared and assess for its effectiveness and safety. General formulation approaches towards dermal delivery feature for a wound healing medication. In the present study excision wound model was applied on wistar rats. Result: All the selected polyherbal gel formulations exhibited good stability during the storage. The skin irritation result indicates the topical application of formulated gel preparations was safe, there was no sign of any dermal reaction such as edema and erythema. Differences in wound healing were detected between various formulated polyherbal gel preparations (P<0.0001). compared to the standard marketed preparation. Which had promoting effect on the wound healing mechanism. Conclusion: The result and data obtained from the study were encouraging and hydroalcoholic extracts (ethanol and water) formulated polyherbal gel preparation (F-6 and F-9) produced better wound healing than methanol and water extracts gel preparation (F-2) and negative controlled treated animals’ groups. The result demonstrates that the formulated polyherbal gel preparations has accelerated the wound healing process and efficient in skin injuries.
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Tayal, Shivam, Pradyumn Tiwari, Vinod Sahu, and Shivang Sharma. "Preparation and Characterization of an Antiviral Gel." International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) 14, no. 4 (2023): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijppronline.2023.14413.
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The study was to develop an antiviral gel for topical application. The topical application of drug has many advantages over the intravenous and oral administration. It prevents metabolism of drug from liver and avoid the risk of gastrointestinal disorder and inconvenience of intravenous therapy pain. When the drug is applied topically it can penetrate deeper into the skin hence show better absorption and bioavailability. The wide varieties of pharmaceutical dosage form are available for topical drug delivery system. The most used one is gel, ointment and cream. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is widely spread that cause infections. There are two types of this virus, one is HSV-1 usually causes sore around the lip or inside the mouth that are sometime called fever blisters or cold sore and the second is HSV-2, it causes sore on the genitals. Acyclovir is a selective and effective antiviral agent. Acyclovir remains the gold standard in the treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus infections, mainly due to emerging new drug delivery systems which are improving the bioavailability and fewer side effects. The gel was prepared in different batches or formulation by using different types of polymers in varying concentration viz. Carbopol-934, Carbopol-940, HPMC, and Na The gel formulations were evaluated for physical and chemical characterization like visual appearance, drug content, pH, viscosity, extrudability, spread ability etc. and the results was compared.
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Zhu, He, Debra Hoppensteadt, Rakesh Wahi, and Jawed Fareed. "Decreased Immunogenicity of Purified Topical Bovine Thrombin Preparations." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4209.4209.
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Abstract Abstract 4209 It has been reported that severe coagulopathy following exposure to topical bovine thrombin may be attributed to the impurities in bovine thrombin preparations. Prepared through the activation of bovine prothrombin by thromboplastin, a crude thrombin preparation was further purified using ion-exchange chromatography and membrane filtration steps to yield thrombin 4A and 4B preparations. The aim of this study was to compare the relative purity of these bovine thrombin preparations by virtue of the detection of bovine prothrombin-related antigens. Bovine prothrombin was administered to three individual rabbits on days 0, 21, 42, 91, 123 and 151 using standard immunologic method. Blood was drawn on 30, 50, 105, 137 and 165 days and the pooled antisera from three rabbits were purified to obtain IgG using protein G affinity columns. Utilizing western blotting, serial diluted bovine crude thrombin, 4A and 4B preparations were probed using the prothrombin IgGs from each time point to explore prothrombin-related antigens in these preparations. Compared with the IgG collected on day 30, the prothrombin IgGs collected from day 50 to 165 showed a time-dependent increased detecting ability for the prothrombin antigens in the bovine thrombin preparations. The lowest amount of crude thrombin, 4A and 4B preparations that prothrombin IgG could detect was 0.125U, 10U and 20U, respectively. The rank order of the number of immunoreactive bands in three bovine thrombin preparations probed by the prothrombin IgGs collected from any given time point was consistant and reproducible: crude thrombin > thrombin 4A > thrombin 4B. The results indicate that thrombin 4B represents the most purified thrombin preparation and relatively non-immunogenic form among three thrombin preparations studied. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Padhan, Dipti Kanta. "TOPICAL ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM SPHARENTHUS INDICUS (ASTERACEAE)." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17594.
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Objective: To evaluate the topical analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from Spharenthus indicus (Asteraceae).Methods: The essential oil was extracted from fresh flower of Spharenthus indicus. Topical ointment containing essential oil was investigated for analgesic activity in rat using hot plate method. Diclofenac sodium gel was taken as standard drug.Result: The analgesic activity of topical preparation was observed in the early phase. The analgesic activity of topical preparation showed significant activity comparative to standard drug diclofenac sodium.Conclusion: Hence the study validates the traditional use of Spharenthus indicus to relive pain.Keywords: Analgesic activity, Sphaeranthus indicus, Essential oil, Topical ointment.
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Hamdan, Dian Furqani, and Indiani Pasomba. "Formulation of Balm from Lemongrass Oil as Aromatherapy." SIGn Journal of Public Health 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37276/sjph.v2i1.213.
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This study aims to make a balm formulation from lemongrass essential oil as aromatherapy and to find the results of a physical evaluation of a balm made from lemongrass essential oil. This research uses the experimental method. The research was conducted at the STIKES Bhakti Pertiwi Pharmacy Laboratory, Luwu Raya Palopo. Data obtained from observations and results of laboratory examinations were computerized and presented in tabular form with explanations. The results showed that the preparation of lemongrass leaf balm, which included organoleptic tests, homogeneous tests, pH similarity tests, and irritation tests, resulted in several conclusions. First, formula A, with a concentration of 15% citronella essential oil, meets the requirements for topical balm preparation. Second, formula B, containing 20% citronella essential oil, meets the requirements for topical balm preparation. Third, formula C with a concentration of 25% citronella essential oil does not meet the requirements for topical balm preparation because the preparation undergoes separation between solid and liquid preparations. Therefore, it is recommended for further research to focus on observing the concentration of 25% citronella essential oil so that it can be successfully used as a balsam preparation using laboratory equipment. That is more supportive or can be combined with other chemical substances to make it more homogeneous. In addition, further research is needed regarding more efficient packaging so that it can be easily used by patients, namely in the form of balm sticks, so that the general public likes the aroma of lemongrass. Furthermore, research is needed on the storability test of lemongrass balm formulations.
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Jaber, Saba A., Halah T. Sulaiman, and Nawal A. Rajab. "Preparation, Characterization and In-Vitro Diffusion Study of Different Topical Flurbiprofen Semisolids." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 10, no. 01 (2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.12.
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Flurbiprofen (FLB) is chemically 2-(3- fluoro-4-phenyl phenyl) propanoic acid. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Oral administration of this drug is associated with severe gastrointestinal side effects like ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding. The solution to this problem lies in the fact that topically applied NSAIDs are safer than orally. This study aims to prepare different topical semisolid formulation of FLB as cream base (o/w), (w/o) and gel base using different gel-forming agents in different concentrations. Comparing characterization properties in addition to release and diffusion study for all the prepared formulas to select the best one. Method: Topical semisolid FLB preparations were formulated using different semisolid formulation starting from emulsion bases w/o and o/w comparing with different gelling agents in different concentrations which include carbopol 934, sodium carboxy methylcellulose (SCMC) and combination of both polymer in different concentration to get 1% gelling agents. All the gel formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, rheological studies, drug content, in vitro release and diffusion studies. Results: All gel formulations which contain gelling agent exhibit better in vitro drug release and permeation compared with the emulsion bases, especially 1% polymer combination. Ethanol exerts a significant effect (p less than 0.05) on the in vitro drug release and diffusion for 2% carpbopol 934 compared with SCMC. Drug content was found to be uniform in all the formulations. The pH ranges of formulated gels were found to be suitable for topical application. Conclusion: Based on overall results, FLB can be successfully prepared as topical semisolid preparation with accepted properties.
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D, Prasanthi, Thapaswi I, Vasavi D, and Lakshmi PK. "Dutasteride Topical Gel Containing Herbal Extract for Male Pattern Baldness." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 04 (2024): 978–83. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.4.8.
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Topical preparations are utilized to deliver drugs directly to the site of application, ensuring localized effects by penetrating into underlying layers of the skin or mucous membrane, thereby offering primary advantage of avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Dutasteride is mainly used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The research aimed to develop a topical preparation using dutasteride for treating androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness) wherein incorporation of onion or garlic extract was explored due to their known benefits in promoting hair growth. Various concentrations of gelling agents were preliminary screened for gel consistency. Here, Carbopol-934 was used as gelling agent, for ease of application and aloe vera as an emollient, which gives lustre to hair. The formulations were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, in-vitro diffusion studies, ex-vivo permeation studies and stability giving desirable results. The preparations were highly productive towards nourishing hair roots and producing faster hair growth. A comparative study of the evaluation parameters for different dutasteride gels formulation demonstrated that the garlic-induced preparation (i.e., dutasteride gel with 10% garlic extract) produced more beneficial effect compared to other preparations, thus this prepared formulation can be suggested for male pattern baldness treatment.
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Yoder, Milton G., and Thomas A. Weimert. "Antibiotics and Topical Surgical Preparation Solution in Septal Surgery." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 3 (1992): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600307.
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One thousand forty patients undergoing septal surgery of the nose were included in this 5-year study of no prophylactic antibiotics and no topical surgical preparation solution before surgery. Minor nasal infections developed in only five patients (0.48%) postoperatively. All five of these patients responded to oral antibiotic therapy and did not require hospitalization or intravenous antibiotic treatment. The incidence of infectious complications resulting from nasal surgery without the use of topical surgical preparation solution and without prophylactic antibiotics is minimal. No topical surgical preparation solution and no prophylactic antibiotic technique is a safe and acceptable approach for septoplasty and rhinoplasty surgery.
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Sundari, I. Bala Tripura, P. Akhila P. Akhila, M. Anirudh Surya, K. Sai Prakash Reddy, M. Ajay M. Ajay, and K. Jahnavi Reddy. "Formulation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Diethylamine Gel Using Natural Mucilages." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 1 (2025): 1343–48. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100113431348.
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Gels have better potential as a vehicle to deliver the drug topically. The present work aimed to study the gelling efficiency of natural mucilages using diclofenac diethylamine used topically for its effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Diclofenac diethyl amine topical gels were formulated with okra mucilage (2.5-10%), and hibiscus mucilage (2.5-10%) and compared with Carbopol 934 (1-2%). The prepared gel formulations were evaluated for clarity, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, and drug content. Formulation F4 containing 10% Hibiscus mucilage as the gelling agent was chosen as the optimized formulation after all the physicochemical tests. Okra mucilage and hibiscus mucilage were proven as efficient gelling agents in the preparation of diclofenac diethyl amine topical gels.
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Kesavanarayanan, K., Mohanavelu Nappinnai, and Raju Ilavarasan. "Topical dosage form of valdecoxib: Preparation and pharmacological evaluation." Acta Pharmaceutica 57, no. 2 (2007): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-007-0016-6.
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Topical dosage form of valdecoxib: Preparation and pharmacological evaluationValdecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, produces serious side effects when given orally. This has led to its withdrawal. Topical application of valdecoxib was formulated and evaluated for its efficacy and safety. Standard procedures were followed and male Wistar albino rats were used to test the anti-inflammatory effect and effect in hyperalgesic conditions. Ointments, creams, and gels containing valdecoxib 1% (m/m) were prepared. These were tested for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, drug content uniformity,in vitrodiffusion. Gel prepared using Carbopol 940 (F-X) was selected after the analysis of the results. Formulation F-X was evaluated for acute skin irritancy, anti-inflammatory effect, optimum effective concentration of valdecoxib, effect on hyperalgesia, inhibition of the granulation tissue formation and anti-arthritic effect. Determination of valdecoxib in test animals plasma and determining the blood clotting time and bleeding time were conducted to study the safety of topical valdecoxib. Valdecoxib gel containing 1% (m/m) of the drug was significantly (p< 0.05) more effective in inhibiting hyperalgesia associated with inflammation, compared to placebo gel, but exhibited significantly (p< 0.05) lower suppression of inflammation than commercial rofecoxib gel. Concentration of valdecoxib used in the preparation minimizes the risk of systemic effects, as shown by the analysis of rat plasma for the presence of valdecoxib; hence, this may be the alternative to oral preparations. The bleeding and clotting time showed no significant difference before and after application of F-X.
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G, Hemanth, Jyothi M, Richitha S, and Sindhu S. "Preparation and Evaluation of Fluconazole Topical Microemulsion." American Journal of PharmTech Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46624/ajptr.2018.v8.i4.026.
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Amin, P. D., and Mushtaq A. Fruitwala. "Brythromycihn Gel - a Topical Anti-Acne Preparation." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 20, no. 7 (1994): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049409038371.
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Hossain, A. S. M. Monjur Al, Bruno C. Sil, Fotis Iliopoulos, Rebecca Lever, Jonathan Hadgraft, and Majella E. Lane. "Preparation, Characterisation, and Topical Delivery of Terbinafine." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 10 (2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11100548.
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Terbinafine (TBF) is commonly used in the management of fungal infections of the skin because of its broad spectrum of activity. Currently, formulations containing the free base and salt form are available. However, there is only limited information in the literature about the physicochemical properties of this drug and its uptake by the skin. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive characterisation of TBF, and we also examined its percutaneous absorption in vitro in porcine skin. TBF-free base was synthesised from the hydrochloride salt by a simple proton displacement reaction. Both the free base and salt form were further analysed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Delivery of TBF-free base in excised porcine skin was investigated from the following solvents: Isopropyl myristate (IPM), propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML), Transcutol® (TC), propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200), oleic acid (OL), ethanol (EtOH), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Permeation and mass balance studies confirmed that PG and TC were the most efficacious vehicles, delivering higher amounts of TBF-free base to the skin compared with a commercial gel (p < 0.05). These preliminary results are promising and will inform the development of more complex formulations in future work.
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Brownlee, R. E., G. F. Hulka, J. Prazma, and H. C. Pillsbury. "Ciprofloxacin: Use as a Topical Otic Preparation." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 4 (1992): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1992.01880040050009.
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Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes, I. Gede Putu Wirawan, Made Sritamin, I. Ketut Suada, and Wayan Adiartayasa. "ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE TOPICAL PREPARATION OF BULUNG SANGU (Gracilaria spp) EXTRACT." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2020.v07.i02.p04.
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Bulung Sangu (Gracilaria spp) as many other macroalgae, is a source of beneficial phytochemical for health. Phytochemicals in macroalgae are widely used as active ingredients in cosmetic preparations. The study was aimed to determine the antioxidant properties of Bulung Sangu formulated in topical preparation. Bulung Sangu was macerated in ethanol 96% following by extract formulation in cream preparation in two concentrations: 5% and 10%. Antioxidant activity was determined against DPPH radical, compared to ascorbic acid. Percentage of reducing power in five concentration series (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 µm/ml) statistical analyzes using one-way ANOVA with 95% of confidence level, following by IC50 measurement. Absorbance was read in wavelength of 517 nm. Concentration of 5% and 10% cream extract exhibited IC50 of 13,091 µg/ml and 11,867 µg/ml, respectively. These values are lower than IC50 of ascorbic acid (18,505 µg/ml), indicating the strong antioxidant properties of Bulung Sangu extract cream which is more potential than ascorbic acid. Bulung Sangu exhibit a potential source for being developed as medicine and cosmetics in topical preparation.
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Dutta, Mainak, Soumya Ghatak, Gautam Biswas, and Ramanuj Sinha. "Extensive Mucosal Erosion and Sloughing of Tongue: A Hitherto Unknown Complication of Topical Clotrimazole Preparation." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 189 (2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.585.
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Clotrimazole, a broad-spectrum imidazole antimycotic, is a widely-used prescription as well as an over-the-counter drug for treatment of mucosal (oral, vulvovaginal) candidiasis and dermatophytes. An extremely safe and well-tolerated drug, its safety profile has been well-explored in researches and trials. The commonest complaints are almost always non-serious-pruritus, rashes, paraesthesia (stinging/burning sensation) and erythema on topical applications, and nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste sensation and elevated liver enzymes on oral preparations (troches). However, mucosal ulceration on topical clotrimazole preparation has not been reported in literature before. We present here the first documentation of extensive bilateral erosions and necrosis of tongue involving the mucosa, submucosa and musculature on application of one percent weight/volume clotrimazole mouth paint in a 27-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with oral candidiasis.
 Keywords: extensive bilateral ulceration and necrosis; oral candidiasis; side effect; topical clotrimazole.
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Dupuis, Antoine, Nicolas Tournier, Gwenaël Le Moal, and Nicolas Venisse. "Preparation and Stability of Voriconazole Eye Drop Solution." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 2 (2008): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01126-08.
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ABSTRACT The combined systemic and topical administration of voriconazole has successfully been used to treat keratomycosis. Because no voriconazole eye drop product is commercially available, we prepared a sterile eye drop solution (10 mg/ml). Voriconazole remains stable over 30 days, providing an eye drop solution suitable for use for the topical treatment of fungal keratitis.
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Setiawan, Iwan, Diska Wandani, Ernawati, Fadli Asmani, Eka Kusuma, and Kurniawan. "Advancements in topical antifungal treatment: Cream and hydrogel nanosponge integration loaded with Palmarosa essential oil." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 12 (2025): 1963–71. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v23i12.1.
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Purpose: To optimize the preparation of hydrogel and creams integrated using nanosponge loaded with palmarosa essential oil. Method: Palmarosa nanosponge essential oil was formulated by oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion solvent diffusion method using various ratios of drug to polymer; ethylcellulose (EC). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dichloromethane were used to create the aqueous and dispersed phases, respectively. Furthermore, nanosponge (NS) was studied for particle size and zeta potential, followed by integration into cream and hydrogel preparations. The preparations were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics and antifungal activity in vivo in animals induced by Candida albicans. Results: Results showed that the physical testing for optimum preparation of hydrogel had a pH of 6.9 ± 0.10, adhesion of 1.43 ± 0.40 seconds, spreadability of 5.43 ± 0.55 cm and viscosity of 276 ± 25.16 dPa.s. Meanwhile, for cream preparation, pH, adhesion, spreadability and viscosity values were 6.6 ± 0.2, 2.25 ± 0.37 seconds, 7 ± 0.70 cm, and 1500 ± 5 dPa.s, respectively. The in vivo test for antifungal activity in test animals induced with Candida albicans showed that treatment had a significantly different effect on the healing process of candidiasis infection. Conclusion: This study offers new knowledge regarding the development of hydrogel preparations and nanosponge integration cream containing palmarosa essential oil. The preparations had the advantages of efficacious ingredients, with good drug release and spreadability profile through the skin.
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Langford, Jane H., Phillip Artemi, and Shalom I. Benrimoj. "Topical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Minor Wounds." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 5 (1997): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100506.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a novel topical antimicrobial gel containing cetrimide, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulfate to prevent infections of minor wounds. DESIGN: A clinical trial compared the test preparation with placebo and a povidone iodine antiseptic cream. SETTING: Five primary schools in Sydney, Australia, participated in the study over a 6-week spring/summer school term. SUBJECTS: Children aged 5–12 years with parental consent were eligible for study participation. Accidental injuries occurring at school were treated in a standardized manner by nurses at each site. OUTCOME MEASURES: Wounds were evaluated by the medical practitioner after 3 days of topical treatment. The clinical outcome was classified as resolution or suspected infection. If a clinical infection was suspected, the injury was swabbed for microbiologic evaluation. Growth of a dominant microorganism was classified as a microbiologic infection. RESULTS: Of the 177 injuries treated, there were nine clinical infections. A comparison of these showed a significant difference among treatment groups (p < 0.05). This difference was associated with the test preparation and placebo; the test preparation reduced the incidence of clinical infection from 12.5% to 1.6% (p < 0.05; 95% CI, 0.011 to 0.207). A comparison of microbiologic infections showed no significant differences among treatment groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The novel gel preparation containing cetrimide, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulfate showed therapeutic action and reduced the incidence of clinical infections in minor accidental wounds. It may be a suitable product for first aid prophylaxis.
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Sato, Junya, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Yoko Yasuda, et al. "Effectiveness of a pharmaceutical instruction video for adherence to dermatopathy treatment in patients with cancer receiving the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 7 (2020): 1667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155220904149.
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Background Dermatopathy develops as a side effect in patients receiving anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody treatment. Topical moisturizers are used for the prevention and treatment of this dermatopathy. Active participation of patients in their own treatment is important for the appropriate application of topical preparations. We prepared a pharmaceutical instructional video for adhering to the topical application protocol. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of this pharmaceutical instructional video on treatment adherence. Methods Study participants were patients with cancer receiving the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody for the first time. A pharmacist instructed the patients on how to use the pharmaceutical instruction video. Daily topical preparation use following the video demonstration was assessed. The effectiveness of the pharmaceutical instruction video was evaluated by assessing the adherence of patients who did not use the pharmaceutical instruction video for the past 2 periods (26 months; controls 1 and 2). The incidence of side effects was compared between the two control groups and the group of patients who received the pharmaceutical instruction video. Results The amount of topical preparation consumed (median, g/day) by patients who received patient compliance instructions using the pharmaceutical instruction video was 9.8 g/day, as compared with control group 1 (4.5 g/day) and control group 2 (5.5 g/day) ( p < 0.001). There was no difference in the incidence of side effects during the three periods. Conclusion The use of visual instructional media for patient compliance by pharmacists may be effective in maintaining and improving treatment adherence.
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Aggarwal, Deepika, Alka Garg, and Indu P. Kaur. "Development of a topical niosomal preparation of acetazolamide: preparation and evaluation." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56, no. 12 (2004): 1509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357044896.
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Čabaravdić, Amra, Irfan Zulić, Zakira Mornjaković, Mirjana Mijanović, and Fahir Bečić. "Experimental model of the burn wound topical treatment." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2003): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2003.3495.
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AbstractBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Clinical research of drugs is a researching step subsequent to the preclinical studies in experimental animals. The aim of our research was to evaluate animal model of wound healing process after the burninducement and effects of the ointment containing natural plants on the process of burn healing.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Burn wounds were experimentally induced in two species of experimental animals which were treated with topically applied herbal preparation with concomitant monitoring of the healing process. Experimental groups (1) of 15 animals each (mice and rats), while control group (2) of 10 animals each (mice and rats) that were not being treated with herbal ointment. After the hair removal, burn was induced on the back of animals by heated brass seal. Different clinical symptoms including oedema of surrounding tissue, redness, exudation, size of the burn surface, histological and microbiological findings were monitored on the days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21. A statistically significant difference was observed throughout descriptive statistics and paired Student's t-test.CONCLUSION:Physiological healing processes of the acute burn wound following the topical application of herbal preparation can be monitored on the utilized animal model. A three-week treatment resulted in the 90% of completed epithelization in both animal species, indicating the effectiveness of topically applied herbal preparation.
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Powale, Shweta, Vinod Kumar Chandel, and Sandesh Asati. "Preparation and Characterization of Ethosomes for Topical Delivery of Clindamycin." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 1 (2022): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i1.5190.
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Topical medication administration is the simplest and most convenient method of delivering localised drugs to any part of the body via ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and cutaneous channels. These are used in a wide range of cosmetic and dermatological preparations on both healthy and sick skin. Drugs are applied topically to have an effect at the application site or to have systemic effects. The goal of this study was to develop and characterise clindamycin ethosomes that could carry the medicine to the target site more efficiently while also avoiding the complications associated with oral drug delivery. The formulations were tested for vesicle size, shape, and surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug penetration using different amounts of ethanol (10-50 percent), HPMC (1-4 percent), and PVC (5-20 percent). Transmission electron microscopy and surface electron microscopy revealed ethosomes with an average size of 1.112m and a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The maximum percentage of ethosomes entrapped was 91.060.79%. The total amount of medication that pierced the biological membrane was found to be between 0.250.014 and 0.480.032 mg/cm2. The stability profile of the constructed system was evaluated for 45 days, and the results revealed that very little drug degradation occurred during storage.
 Keywords: Clindamycin, Ethosomes, Topical delivery, HPMC, Acne, Vesicle size
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Fatima May R., Tesoro, and Faller Erwin M. "NOVEL TOPICAL, REGIONAL & TRANSDERMAL DOSAGE FORMS USING NANOTECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 06 (2021): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13020.
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Purpose: To summarize main findings of topical or transdermal preparation delivered in the skin or eye region using novel nano-technology. Method: Narrative review of all relevant papers from peer reviewed and high impact journals. Results: The delivery system of pharmaceutical preparations for skin and eyes are now elevated to novel aerosolized gels, foams, sprays and other forms that are delivered using nano-pharmaceutical dynamics such as Ag nanoparticles,impregnated urethanes, liposomes, nanoemulsions,polymers and nanopolymers. And these trends provide elevation from benefits and limitations of conventional systems such as enhanced spread and permeation, better bioavailability, prolonged efficacy, reduced toxicity and superior stability. Conclusion: An improved delivery system was made possible by novel discoveries using nano-technology. More and more studies in pharmaceutics are centered on using this technological dynamics to formulate and reformulate drugs that are delivered topically or transdermally.
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AR, Nannar. "Review on Pharmaceutical Gelling Agents." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000266.
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Topical gels are semisolid solutions with a liquid phase contained inside a three-dimensional polymeric matrix composed of gum, which can be synthetic or natural and has a high degree of cross-linking, either chemically or physically. Topical gels' behaviour in the midst of liquid and solid components makes them a great option for a variety of applications. Topical gels have garnered a lot of attention recently since scientists in industry, research and development, education, drug control administration, and professional domains are interested in this issue. The purpose of this page is to go over the classification and preparation methods for topical gels, as well as their most recent advancements. A separate section covers the application of hydrogel in drug delivery systems. Classification, preparation methodology, and assessment criteria receive special attention.
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Chauhan, Lalita, and Shalini Gupta. "Creams: A Review on Classification, Preparation Methods, Evaluation and its Applications." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5-s (2020): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4430.
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Creams are considered an important part of cosmetic product as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of application to the skin and also their removal. From cosmetic purposes, Pharmaceutical creams have a variety of applications such as cleansing, beautifying, altering appearance, moisturizing etc. to skin protection against bacterial, fungal infections as well as healing cuts, burns, wounds on the skin. These semi solid preparations are safe to use by the public and society. The human skin is easily vulnerable to injury but it has the capability to heal on its own. However, the natural healing process can take time and there is also risk of infection especially in the early stages of injury. In such cases, medicated creams can be applied to the site of injury to speed up the healing process as well as protect the wound from infection. In this review, we have focused on the use of topical drug delivery system i.e. pharmaceutical creams for wound healing with detailed discussion relating to the wound healing process, suitable methods of preparation of creams, their classification based on their function, their advantages and disadvantages, characteristics and the various types of creams, ingredients used in the formulation of creams and their various evaluation parameters.
 Keywords: Creams, Skin, Topical drug delivery system, Wound healing
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Akshata, V. Raut* Nakul Kathar Ganjanan Sanap. "Microsponges: The Drug Delivery System." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 328–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523750.
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Microsponge technology has been developed for topical drug products in order to promote controlled release of the drug's active ingredient into the skin, thereby reducing systemic exposure and minimizing local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. Microsponge is made up of macroporous beads that are normally 10-25 micron in diameter and loaded with an active agent. When applied to the skin, the microsponge releases its active ingredients on a timer as well as in response to other signals. Microsponge drug delivery technology holds great promise for achieving the goal of controlled and site-specific drug delivery, and thus has sparked the curiosity of many investigators. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Microsponges delivery system, including principles and preparation methods. Particle size and distribution, surface morphology, porosity, and density are all covered using appropriate approaches for characterization of microsponges. These microsponges are used in sunscreens, creams, ointments, as well as over-the-counter skin care preparations for topical application. Microsponge drug delivery can provide greater efficacy for topically active agents while also improving safety, product stability, and aesthetic properties in an efficient and novel way. They are mostly used topically, but have recently been used for oral administration.
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Toskic-Radojicic, Marija, Zorka Nonkovic, Irma Loncar, and Milomir Varjacic. "Effects of topical application of metronidazole-containing mucoadhesive lipogel in periodontal pockets." Vojnosanitetski pregled 62, no. 7-8 (2005): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0508565t.
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Introduction. Metronidazole is the drug of choice in the treatment of periodontal pockets up to 5 mm in depth. It is topically applied - directly into the periodontal pockets. There are no registred trademark preparations for this purpose in the market of Serbia and Montenegro. The aim of our latest research was to test the efficacy of newly formulated preparation containing 25% metronidazole suspended in a lipogel in vitro - in anaerobic cultures isolated from the periodontal pockets, and in vivo - by the direct application into periodontal pockets. Methods. Preparation efficacy was tested in a randomized controlled study involving 25 patients, and was confirmed by the membrane-free agar diffusion method on the anaerobic strains isolated from the periodontal pockets. The duration of the testing was 30 days. The preparation was applied twice - immediately after the taking of the first swab, and on day 15, when the control swab was taken for the assessment of the effects of the applied preparation. Results. Seven anaerobic strains were isolated and tested, and each was confirmed as highly susceptible to metronidazole. Anaerobic strains were not isolated in any of the pockets treated with metronidazole-containing lipogel. The strains isolated in the control pockets were the same as were those at the beginning of the study. Conclusion. Metronidazole, in a lipogel-type base applied in the concentration of 25%, provided an efficient treatment of anaerobic infection in the periodontal pockets.
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Chittoria, Ravi. "Role of topical insulin therapy in amputation stump." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, no. 4 (2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/028.
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Wound healing is a complex process with overlapping steps of haemostasis, the inflammatory and proliferative phases, remodelling .Any problem with the edge of the wound can be detrimental to healing and may cause delay in wound healing. In this article, we share our experience of using topical insulin therapy for wound bed preparation in non-healing ulcer over the amputation stump.
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Kumari, Meenu, Monika Sachdeva, and Vijay Agarwal. "IMPROVED TOPICAL PREPARATION OF CALCIPOTRIOL IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS." International Research Journal Of Pharmacy 15, no. 5 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1205133.
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This research project is aimed to prepare improved topical preparation of Calcipotriol in the treatment of psoriasis by incorporation of an anti-inflammatory agent, keratolytic agent, humectants, surfactant, thickener & to perform its evaluation. In these different preparations of lotions sodium carboxymethylcellulose is used as a viscosity-enhancing agent in varying concentrations. This non-steroidal formulation is prepared by adding tea tree oil to avoid side effects associated with steroidal preparation and to avoid the issue of atrophy with long-term use of steroids. Evaluation of all the formulations such as spreadability, viscosity, drug content determination, pH, in-vitro release study, to choose the optimized formulation was carried out. According to ICH guidelines, stability studies were carried out to check the stability (parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, drug content) of prepared formulations for 3 months at room temperature. In-vitro drug release study CT5 formulation was carried by dialysis diffusion method. The cumulative% drug release of CT5 formulation in 210minutes was 85.10%. Based on the evaluation, formulation (CT5) was found to be better among all the formulations. The prepared calcipotriol formulation and a commercial formulation of calcipotriol were evaluated for anti-psoriatic activity. In-vivo anti-psoriatic was performed by using the Imiquimod Induced Psoriasis skin model. The results obtained in this study have been concluded that the prepared formulation (CT5) has great potential for topical delivery in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Mabry, Richard L. "Corticosteroids in the management of upper respiratory allergy: The emerging role of steroid nasal sprays." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 107, no. 6_part_2 (1992): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210700608.2.
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Corticosteroids are undoubtedly the pharmacotherapeutic agents with the broadest application for the treatment of many types of rhinitis, not just those of atopic origin. However, this potent class of drugs also has the greatest potential for adverse effects and complications. Proper use requires that they be used only after failure of more conservative measures, at the smallest effective dose, for the shortest possible time, and preferably should be administered by the topical intranasal route. Topical corticosteroids, concentrated at the area involved, offer significant relief to patients with allergic rhinitis, and although only a relatively small amount of drug is taken up systemically, cautions for proper use are important. Topical steroids should be used only after accurate diagnosis. They must adequately contact the nasal mucosa, and patients should be properly instructed in their use and monitored for local and systemic side effects. Currently available topical preparations–dexamethasone, beclomethasone, flunisolide, and triamcinolone–have differing characteristics. The use of a preparation with a high margin of safety reduces the risk of undesirable systemic effects.
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Drakalska Sersemova, Elena, Marija Arev, Paulina Apostolova, et al. "Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic cream formulations with meloxicam." Pharmacia 71 (November 22, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e139355.
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The purpose of this study is to formulate and evaluate amphiphilic cream with meloxicam indicated for topical relief of pain, particularly because there are currently no available topical dosage forms on the market. Thus, the present research is focused on characterization of the capacity of the amphiphilic base, composed of glycerol monostearate, cetyl alcohol, Tagat® S2, Myritol® 318, propylene glycol, and white petrolatum, to be loaded with drug model meloxicam dissolved in propylene glycol. To enhance the solubility and penetration of meloxicam, menthol as a rubefacient was added to the meloxicam solution. The series of three formulations were prepared with variable content of added menthol. Obtained creams were characterized by drug content, pH, spreadability, viscosity, microbial purity, drug release, and stability. Results showed stable cream formulations with good spreadability and viscosity, suitable for topical application.
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Drakalska, Sersemova Elena, Marija Arev, Paulina Apostolova, et al. "Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic cream formulations with meloxicam." Pharmacia 71 (November 22, 2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e139355.
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The purpose of this study is to formulate and evaluate amphiphilic cream with meloxicam indicated for topical relief of pain, particularly because there are currently no available topical dosage forms on the market. Thus, the present research is focused on characterization of the capacity of the amphiphilic base, composed of glycerol monostearate, cetyl alcohol, Tagat® S2, Myritol® 318, propylene glycol, and white petrolatum, to be loaded with drug model meloxicam dissolved in propylene glycol. To enhance the solubility and penetration of meloxicam, menthol as a rubefacient was added to the meloxicam solution. The series of three formulations were prepared with variable content of added menthol. Obtained creams were characterized by drug content, pH, spreadability, viscosity, microbial purity, drug release, and stability. Results showed stable cream formulations with good spreadability and viscosity, suitable for topical application.
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Chandraprabha, Upadhyay, and Meenakshi Bharkatiya Dr. "A Review on Pharmaceutical Gels." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 8, no. 3 (2021): 110–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13963081.
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The goal of this study was to compile the most recent research, with a particular focus on a logical approach to topical formulation and the fundamental components of topical drug delivery systems. Topical medication applications offer the benefit of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and acting for a longer time. The main route of topical medication delivery is through the skin, which is one of the most common and easily accessible organs on the human body for topical administration. Many commonly used topical treatments, such as ointments, creams, and lotions, have a number of drawbacks, such as being sticky and making the patient uncomfortable when administered. Furthermore, they have a lower spreading coefficient and must be applied by rubbing, as well as having a difficulty with stability. As a result of all of these characteristics, the use of gel has risen in both cosmetics and medicinal preparations. A gel is a colloid that is 99 percent liquid by weight and is immobilised by surface tension between it and a macromolecular network of fibres formed by a little quantity of gelatinous material.
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Bosanquet, DC, A. Rangaraj, AJ Richards, A. Riddell, VM Saravolac, and KG Harding. "Topical steroids for chronic wounds displaying abnormal inflammation." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 4 (2013): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588413x13629960045634.
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Introduction Chronic, non-healing wounds are often characterised by an excessive, and detrimental, inflammatory response. We review our experience of using a combined topical steroid, antibiotic and antifungal preparation in the treatment of chronic wounds displaying abnormal and excessive inflammation. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients being treated with a topical preparation containing a steroid (clobetasone butyrate 0.05%), antibiotic and antifungal at a tertiary wound healing centre over a ten-year period. Patients were selected as the primary treating physician felt the wounds were displaying excessive inflammation. Healing rates were calculated for before and during this treatment period for each patient. Changes in symptom burden (pain, odour and exudate levels) following topical application were also calculated. Results Overall, 34 ulcers were identified from 25 individual patients (mean age: 65 years, range: 37–97 years) and 331 clinic visits were analysed, spanning a total time of 14,670 days (7,721 days ‘before treatment’ time, 6,949 days ‘during treatment’ time). Following treatment, 24 ulcers demonstrated faster rates of healing, 3 ulcers showed no significant change in healing rates and 7 were healing more slowly (p=0.0006). Treatment generally reduced the burden of pain and exudate, without affecting odour. Conclusions In normal wound healing, inflammation represents a transient but essential phase of tissue repair. In selected cases, direct application of a steroid containing agent has been shown to improve healing rates, presumably by curtailing this phase. Further evaluation is required to establish the role of preparations containing topical steroids without antimicrobials in the management of chronic wounds.
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Greiner, Jack V., Hridaya N. Bhargava, Thomas Glonek, Donald R. Korb, Michael E. Lindsay, and Paula J. Oliver. "Cutaneous Permeation of a Percutaneously Applied Glucocorticoid Using Plant-Based Anionic Phospholipids in Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil: A Preliminary Study." Medicina 58, no. 10 (2022): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101334.
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Purpose: It is important that, when corticosteroids are used therapeutically, concentrations be reduced as much as possible to mitigate potential adverse events and side effects. This preliminary study compares the permeation for the delivery of a corticosteroid in a 1% hydrocortisone-supplemented topical cream containing anionic polar phospholipids (APP) in hydrogenated vegetable oil (triglyceride) versus a market-leading 1% hydrocortisone in a mineral hydrocarbon-based skin cream. Methods: Using the Franz diffusion cell method with cadaveric skin, the permeation of a 1% hydrocortisone-supplemented cream containing APP (test preparation) was compared with a commercially available 1% hydrocortisone cream (control preparation). The principal APP in the test preparation were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol. Permeation was determined at 4 and 8 h time intervals. Results: The permeation values for the 1% hydrocortisone supplemental APP cream (test preparation) were comparatively very high 1180 ng/cm2 at 4 h and 2173 ng/cm2 at 8 h, in contrast to the 1% hydrocortisone cream (control preparation) values of 13 ng/cm2 at 4 h and 98 ng/cm2 at 8 h. Permeation of skin cream increased significantly from 0 to 4 and 8 h, when comparing the APP test preparation with the control preparation (p < 0.001). This translates, respectively, into the 90-fold greater and a 20-fold greater penetration of the test preparation APP cream over the 1% hydrocortisone cream at 4 h and 8 h time points. Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrates the enhanced permeation of 1% hydrocortisone when applied topically to the skin in an APP skin cream vehicle. This enhanced permeation suggests the potential use of APP technology to deliver therapeutically effective hydrocortisone treatment to the skin at markedly reduced concentrations of steroid. As such, APP technology may offer an improved approach to the treatment of dermatoses associated with inflammatory diseases and conditions requiring prolonged topical corticosteroid therapy.
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Zhang, Lirong, Wei Li, Qingjun Zhao, and Ruyang Teng. "Construction of lidocaine transmembrane nano-liposomes and preliminary study on its surface anesthetic effect." Materials Express 11, no. 11 (2021): 1826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.2089.
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Lidocaine (Lido) is an amide local anesthetic that has both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the central nervous system, and is one of a group of commonly used local nerve block drugs that are used in the clinic. However, traditional Lido does not meet the transdermal performance requirements of surface anesthetic agents for treating pain in patients. Optimizing the preparation of a Lido transdermal preparation and improving the control of anesthetic depth and efficiency has become a challenge in the field of topical anesthesia. In this study, a new type of Lido nano-transdermal preparation, carboxymethyl chitosan-modified lidocaine liposomes (Lido-CMCSNLP), were constructed based on nano-liposomes. Carboxymethyl chitosan can enhance the permeability of hydrophilic macromolecular pathways by interacting with negatively charged membrane glycoproteins, which is beneficial for the transdermal absorption of Lido. Therefore, Lido-CMCS-NLP provides a new approach for research in clinical topical anesthesia and perioperative topical analgesics.
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Othman, Ahmed, and Ahmed Sabati. "PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL FORMULATIONS OF MELOXICAM." Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (2004): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjps.2004.177897.
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Kumar, Ajay, Abhishek Soni, Ashish Kumar, ,. Yashpal, and Jyoti Devi. "Preparation of Luliconazole loaded silver nanoparticles Topical gel." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 4 (2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4.5424.
Full textAbstract:
After optimization of the luliconazole loaded silver nanoparticles formulation it was given a gel base for topical delivery the silver nanoparticles have a very low viscosity. The gel was formed by varying the concentration of carbopol 940 as 0.75%, 1. %, 2%. The optimized luliconazole loaded silver nanoparticles formulation LSN14 was incorporated into different concentration carbopol gel base of different concentrations of carbopol and evaluated for various in vitro characterization parameters homogeneity, grittiness, measurement of pH, drug content, viscosity study, Spreadibility, in - vitro drug release studies and drug release kinetics. All prepared gel formulation having different concentration of carbopol was homogenous and uniform in appearance and free from grittiness except the formulation LSN14G1Have not sufficient thickness and thus it was not used further evaluation. On the basis of result of above parameters LSN14G3 was selected for further in-vitro drug release study. Comparison of In vitro Percentage drug release study of Control gel of Luliconazole and luliconazole loaded silver nanoparticle gel formulations LSN14G3 and in - vitro drug release profile the Percentage drug release of prepared silver nanoparticle gel was found to be higher in sustained manner93.36±0.56 after 24 hr as compare to control gel 38.50±1.21.
 Keywords: optimization, silver-nanoparticles, carbopol, kinetics, luliconazole