Academic literature on the topic 'Topicalisation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Topicalisation"

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Bosley, N. J., and M. McSwiney. "Lidocaine for airway topicalisation." Anaesthesia 63, no. 3 (February 15, 2008): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05461_1.x.

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McGuire, B., and C. Lee. "Lidocaine for airway topicalisation." Anaesthesia 63, no. 3 (February 15, 2008): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05461_2.x.

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Salmons, I., and A. Gavarró. "Topicalisation in Catalan Agrammatism." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 94 (October 2013): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.005.

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Abd-Alnabi, Noora, and Dr Manal Jasim Muhammad. "A Linguistic Study of Topicalisation in Selected USA Newspapers: North Korea Nuclear Weapon as a Case Study." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 882–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221103.

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This research focuses on surveying Topcalisation phenomenon in political texts, and investigating the utilizations of its types. It aims to inspect Topicalisation in construing various types of constructions in the texts of political discourse and display how this phenomenon can construe non-canonical and complex sentences' structures. To achieve these goals, Verma’s division (1976) of Topicalization types is adopted as a model of analysis. Additionally, Quirk et.al (1985) is adopted as a complementary modal. The data of the present study are 17 selected political editorials that are chosen in a random way from three of the most famous American newspapers: The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. According to Verma’s division, Topicalisaion types are divided into four basic types: passivization, pseudo-cleft, Cleft, and Extraposition. The study hypothesized that: Topicalisation transforms the syntactic construction of simple sentences into complex one, still it is utilized in political editorials in order to grant prominence to specific sentences' items to grab the attention of readers and convince him or her in a specific point of view. Cleft, which offers a highly levels of flexibility by drawing two or more sentences from a simple ones, is utilized heavily in political editorials. From a syntactic perspective, topicalisation supplies diverse syntactic structures, which have rhetorical effective. From a semantic perspective, It clarifies and unambiguously expresses the desired meaning. Data analysis has displayed that Topicalisation provides editorialists with various syntactic constructions for various purposes, involving pique the reader's interest and try to persuade him in a particular view. It has shown that passivization has been the most dominant type used in political discourse. In addition, the analysis has shown that syntactic and semantic aspects of Topicalisation phenomenon produce sentences with effective constructions and unambiguous meaning. The study comes up with the conclusion that Topicalisation has various structures which can serve various purposes. For example, when New piece of information appears at the beginning of the sentence, passivization process can be utilized to reorganize the sentence in order to agree with Given-New principle via postponing it.
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Faure, Richard, and Michèle Oliviéri. "Stratégies de topicalisation en occitan." Corpus, no. 12 (January 1, 2013): 231–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/corpus.2391.

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Combettes, Bernard, and Sophie Prevost. "Évolution des marqueurs de topicalisation." Cahiers de praxématique, no. 37 (January 1, 2001): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/praxematique.230.

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Klævik-Pettersen, Espen. "V2, phases, et périphérie gauche : Remarques sur la topicalization en français et en norvégien." Oslo Studies in Language 12, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8911.

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Dans les langues romanes et germaniques, le procédé de topicalisation consiste à déplacer en début de phrase un constituent pour lui conférér une interprétation précise, à savoir celle d’un topique/thème. Au-delà de cette caracteristique partagée, les deux groupes de langues se distinguent par deux aspects purement formels : les langues romanes ont recours à un élément de reprise sans autre changement dans l’ordre des mots, tandis que les langues germaniques V2, de façon inverse, emploient l’inversion sujet-verbe sans élément de reprise. Dans cet article, je compare la topicalisation en français et norvégien standards. En m’appuiant sur la théorie des phases (Chomsky, 2000), je propose que le type de topicalisation (avec vs. sans reprise) et le mouvement du verbe (T0 vs. C0) sont étroitement liés. L’hypothèse présentée est que la périphérie gauche d’une langue V2 et celle d’une langue non V2 sont différentes, et que le facteur décisif est le statut phasal ou non de la tête Fin0.
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Riou, Etienne, and Barbara Hemforth. "Contrainte du doublage clitique et détachement de l’objet à gauche." SHS Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184601005.

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Dans cet article, nous abordons empiriquement les propriétés pragmatiques de deux constructions permettant le détachement de l’objet à gauche : la dislocation clitique à gauche et la topicalisation simple. Ces constructions se différencient l’une de l’autre par la présence ou non d’un pronom clitique reprenant le rôle de l’objet détaché dans la phrase racine. Bien qu’elles soient similaires pragmatiquement, nous faisons l’hypothèse que la topicalisation simple soit plus restreinte dans un contexte discursif contrastif. En dehors de ce contexte, le détachement à gauche de l’objet doit prendre un pronom clitique objet. Dans une approche à contraintes multiples, cette restriction est considérée comme une contrainte noncatégorique et peut être explorée en tant que telle via une tâche de jugements d’acceptabilité. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons le paradigme expérimental du « test de jugements d’acceptabilité accélérés ». Les résultats montrent que la violation de cette contrainte des topicalisation de l’objet conduit à un niveau d’acceptabilité caractéristique des contraintes non-catégoriques : plus haut qu’une construction agrammaticale mais plus bas qu’une construction bien formée dans un contexte approprié.
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Engels, Eva, and Sten Vikner. "Object Shift and remnant VP-topicalisation: Danish and Swedish verb particles and ‘let’-causatives." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 36, no. 2 (September 13, 2013): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586513000243.

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On the basis of an examination of remnant VP-topicalisation constructions, this paper argues for an order preservation analysis of Scandinavian Object Shift. Extending the empirical database, we account for the phenomena in an Optimality Theoretic framework. The paper focusses on two particular constructions in Danish and Swedish, namely particle verb constructions and causative constructions with Danish lade and Swedish låta ‘let’. It is shown how differences in the VP-internal object position give rise to mirror image sequences concerning Object Shift in connection with verb second (V°-to-I°-to-C° movement) and with remnant VP-topicalisation.
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Xue, F. S., X. Liao, J. H. Liu, and Y. M. Zhang. "Airway topicalisation using atomisation of lidocaine." Anaesthesia 65, no. 4 (March 17, 2010): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06285_1.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Topicalisation"

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Taminang-Teke, George. "Syntaxe du metta : une règle de topicalisation." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080123.

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Cette these tend a etablir l'existence en metta d'une categorie grammaticale "topic" interne a la phrase. Adoptant dans une large mesure les propositions recentes de chomsky dans sa theorie du "gouvernement et liage," cette etude du metta integre cependant certaines notions de la grammaire du discours telles que "focus" "contraste" et examine les proprietes des elements: ka, ya, ka'a, et mei, analyses comme des operateurs. Il est demontre que ceux-ci ne peuvent apparaitre que dans la position "topic," et que tout deplacement en metta se fait d'une position non-topicalisee, vers la position "topic
This thesis searches to establish that in metta, there is a grammatical category called topic in the sentence. This study adopts to a large extent chomsky's position developed in "government and binding" while it integrates certain notions of discours grammar such as focus, and contrast and examines the properties of the following elements ka, ya, ka,a and mei which are analysed as operators. It is shown that these trigger elements can only occur in the "topic" position and that movement in metta is from a non-topicalised position to a topic position
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Vikner, Sten, and Eva Engels. "An optimality-theoretic analysis of scandinavian object shift and remnant VP-topicalisation." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3235/.

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Holmberg (1997, 1999) assumes that Holmberg's generalisation (HG) is derivational, prohibiting Object Shift (OS) across an intervening non-adverbial element at any point in the derivation. Counterexamples to this hypothesis are given in Fox & Pesetsky (2005) which show that remnant VP-topicalisations are possible in Scandinavian as long as the VP-internal order relations are maintained. Extending the empirical basis concerning remnant VP-topicalisations, we argue that HG and the restrictions on object stranding result from the same, more general condition on order preservation. Considering this condition to be violable and to interact with various constraints on movement in an Optimality-theoretic fashion, we suggest an account for various asymmetries in the interaction between remnant VP-topicalisations and both OS and other movement operations (especially subject raising) as to their order preserving characteristics and stranding abilities.
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Kim, Yong-guk. "Movement and feature-checking in Korean : relative clauses, topicalisation and case-marking." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317653/.

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The purpose of this thesis is to consider the following phenomena in Korean, within the framework of the minimalist program (Chomsky 1995): (i) the movement of non-restrictive adnominal modifiers, (ii) topicalization, and (iii) Double Nominative Constructions (DNCs). First of all, following in essence Cinque (1992), I propose that there is a functional category, Agreement Phrase (AgrP) whose specifier position is occupied by the pre-nominal modifiers. I argue for the existence of non-restrictive adnominal modifiers (Relative Clauses (RCs) and pre-nominal adjectives) which move overtly out of the scope of the Determiner in head-final languages like Korean. I claim that the RC or the attributive adjective is base-generated in [Spec, AgrP] due to agreement features (honorific and plural in the case of Korean and Japanese). A restrictive adnominal modifier remains in [Spec, AgrP] due to a FOCUS feature. A non-restrictive modifier, having a NON-FOCUS feature moves to [Spec, DP] whose head D⁰ has a NON-FOCUS feature, to check its NON-FOCUS feature. Secondly, I attempt to unify two contradictory accounts (non-movement or movement) in topicalization in Korean within the minimalist program (Chomsky 1995). Thirdly, it is my argument that, following much of the literature on this topic, there are three kinds of DNCs in Korean and that the three types of double nominative constructions are derived from a single underlying construction, i. e. the locative construction. The first NP marked Nominative moves to [Spec, AgrsP], to check its Case feature by the corresponding Case feature in the head of Agrs, while the second NP in DNCs, which originates as the object of the verb, remains inside VP and has its inherent case feature checked by the verb without moving. In addition, I show that the derivation in the DNCs is the same as that found in English Genitive, Existential and Locative sentences. In connection with DNCs, I claim that in Double Accusative Constructions (DACs) the first NP and the second NP are base-generated independently in different positions from each other, just like in DNCs, but that the second NP in DACs is structurally case-marked in [Spec, Agr₀P], unlike the second NP in DNCs.
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Kong, Stano Pei Yin. "The acquisition of obligatory English subjects by speakers of discourse-oriented Chinese." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327068.

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Saidi, Darine. "Développement de la compétence narrative en arabe tunisien : rapport entre formes linguistiques et fonctions discursives." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20108/document.

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Les langues du monde diffèrent en ce qui concerne l’encodage des événements et la structuration de l’information dans un discours narratif. Les outils linguistiques varient et les particularités typologiques de chaque langue influencent la façon dont le locuteur conceptualise un événement et l’encode verbalement. Notre objectif dans ce travail est d’examiner, dans une perspective développementale, la façon dont les locuteurs tunisiens se réfèrent aux événements dans une production narrative et les structurent en fonction des outils morphosyntaxiques disponibles dans leur(s) langue(s).Notre intérêt porte donc sur le développement de la compétence narrative dans une langue maternelle, l’arabe tunisien qui coexiste désormais avec l’arabe standard, langue de scolarisation, dans un paysage linguistique complexe. Le jeune enfant doit alors jongler avec des systèmes de langues différents, pour passer du statut de « native speaker » à celui de « proficient speaker ».L’arabe tunisien ou « l’arabe de la maison » est une langue essentiellement orale qui diffère considérablement de l’arabe standard. Très peu de travaux en ont décrit les spécificités, c’est pourquoi, nous consacrons une partie de notre travail à la description de certains aspects morphosyntaxiques de l’arabe tunisien en comparaison avec l’arabe standard, « langue de l’école ». L’autre objectif de notre recherche est d’étudier le développement de la compétence narrative chez les enfants tunisiens, un processus long et complexe qui se développe et s’améliore au fil des années. Pour cela nous avons constitué un corpus de productions narratives, élicitées à partir d’un livret d’images sans texte intitulé : ‘Frog where are you ?’ (Mayer, 1969). 60 locuteurs enfants (4, 7, 9, 11 ans) et 15 adultes tunisiens natifs ont participé à cette étude. Ce matériel expérimental a servi à de nombreuses études développementales et translinguistiques pour étudier l’acquisition du langage et le développement de la compétence narrative dans des langues très variées. Il nous a également permis de rendre compte du développement des formes linguistiques (ordre des mots, transitivité, voix grammaticale) et de leurs fonctions discursives dans une production narrative
Languages differ regarding the expression of events and the organisation of information in narrative discourse. Linguistic tools vary and the typological properties of each language influence the way the speaker conceptualizes an event and encodes it verbally. The aim of this study is to examine from a developmental perspective the way Tunisian speakers refer to and organize these events in a narrative discourse according to the morphosyntactic constructions available in their language. Our interest focuses therefore on the development of narrative competence in a native language. Tunisian Arabic is a language which coexists with Standard Arabic in a complex linguistic situation. Thus, the young child has to « juggle » with two different linguistic systems in order to move from « native speaker » to « proficient speaker ». Tunisian Arabic is essentially a spoken language that differs considerably from Standard Arabic. Few studies have described its specificities, which is why part of this work is devoted to the description of some morphosyntactic aspects of this language compared to Standard Arabic. The other goal of our study is to examine the development of narrative competence in Tunisian Arabic children, a long and complex process that develop and improve over several years.To conduct this study, we used narratives elicited from age groups 4-7-9-11year-olds and adults native speakers of Tunisian Arabic, using a picture book entitled ‘Frog where are you ?’ (Mayer, 1969). This experimental material was used in many developmental and crosslinguistic studies to analyse language acquisition and the development of narrative competence in a variety of languages. It also allowed us to account for the development of linguistic forms (word order, transitivity, grammatical voice) and their discourse functions in a narrative production
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Rezaei, Siamak. "Linguistic and computational analysis of word order and scrambling in Persian." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1093.

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This thesis discusses linguistic constraints on scrambling and flexibility in word order in spoken Persian (Farsi) and presents a computational model for efficient implementation of these constraints for a subset of Persian. Linguistic phenomena which we have studies include local scrambling, long distance scrambling, extrapolation of clauses, topicalisation, case tendancy and the discourse marker ra. The work extends previous work on Persian based on Government and Binding (GB) theory by considering the pragmatic aspects of Persian Grammar and long distance scrambling.
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Ruffolo, Roberta. "Topics in the morpho-syntax of Ibaloy, Northern Philippines." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12678.

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This study describes selected aspects of the grammar of Ibaloy, a member of the Northern Philippines subgroup of Austronesian, spoken on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. A sketch of the phonology is provided, as focusing on processes that interact with morphology. Phonological words in Ibaloy carry final or penultimate primary stress. The basic syllable structure is cv( c). Several morpho-phonemic processes apply to words when they take part in particular word-derivational processes. Only the major morpho-phonemic processes are here described. Ibaloy has an elaborate derivational system. Nouns typically occur underived as monomorphemic words. Verbs are typically derived with a system of affixes (also known as "focus"). Different categories of verbs and nouns are identified on morphosyntactic criteria. Ibaloy is a head-initial (or right-branching) language. In a noun phrase, modifiers (e.g. relative clause) typically follow the noun they modify. In a clause, verbal complements, adjuncts, and modifiers of the predicate typically occur after the predicate. Three types of phrases are identified here: the noun phrase, the determiner phrase, and the prepositional phrase. The main functions of these phrase-types are described together with their internal structure. Clauses are classified according to their predicate, as verbal and non-verbal. Verbal clauses include clauses headed by varies subcategories of verbs. Extension verbs require a sentential complement, and complement clauses are of two types, namely finite and non-finite. Verbal clauses are also classified depending on the number and type of verbal complements present in the clause. Ibaloy distinguishes between core and extension-to-core complements. Intransitive clauses all have a single core complement, the Nominative. Transitive clauses have two core complements, the Agent and the Nominative. Ibaloy uses ergative case marking for its core complements. In addition, clauses may contain one or more extension-to-core complements and adjuncts. Clauses are typically linked by an overt constituent. Relative clauses are introduced by a subordinator, the linker. Only the Nominative complement of a clause can be relativised. For this, a "gap" strategy is used. However, Ibaloy has an extensive system of verbal derivation which allows a non-Nominative complement to be repositioned as Nominative, and thereby to be eligible for processes which refer to Nominative (e.g. relativisation). Other phenomena treated in this work include pronominal agreement marking and topicalisation. Ibaloy allows agreement marking of a third person Agent or Nominative depending on the transitivity and type of the construction. A personal bound pronoun occurs with and agrees in number and case with a complement of the construction. It is generally possible to topicalise a core complement, an adjunct, the possessor of a Nominative phrase of an intransitive construction, or, rarely, an extension to-core complement expressing a location. However, two different topicalisation strategies are employed. The resumptive pronoun strategy is used to topicalise core complements, while no resumptive pronoun is used for the other constituents.
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Liu, Kun-Long. "Syntactic Interactions with Information Structure in Squliq Atayal." Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112077.

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The present thesis investigates the syntactic interactions with information structure in Squliq Atayal, an Austronesian language in Taiwan. Information structure (i.e. i-structure) is a representation of discourse-pragmatic information at the sentence level in accordance with addressers’ mental states in given discourse-pragmatic contexts. By observing the interactions between syntax and information structure through both quantitative and qualitative evidence, the present thesis discovers that the syntactic structures of both unmarked and marked clauses in Squliq Atayal are formed not only for pure morphosyntactic motivations but also for discourse-pragmatic ones. The present thesis is composed of ten chapters. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to the ethnic background of Squliq Atayal and the research questions of the present thesis. Chapter 2 reviews the research on information structure, topic, focus and topicality, as well as the studies on Squliq Atayal. In addition, this chapter elaborates the methodology of the present thesis, including data sources, the orthography and our theoretical framework, Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). Chapter 3 presents the basics of grammar of Squliq Atayal, which include the rigid word order Verb-Object/Oblique-Subject, case markers and multiple voices, with related theoretical discussion on the internal structure of c-structure and the lexically determined mapping between a-structure and f-structure. In Chapter 4, the theoretical model of feature-based discourse functions is proposed. There are four discourse features: givenness, aboutness, prominence and contrast, the values of which constitute twelve discourse functions in i-structure. In addition, the proposal of one-to-many mapping benefits the incorporation of gradience into LFG. Chapter 5 focuses on discourse evidence from topicality and information chaining. The former studies the topicality of subject, object, and oblique with the measurement proposed in Givón’s works. The latter looks into how a piece of information connects two adjacent sentences. It shows that new information is highly restricted by syntax. Chapter 6 identifies what discourse functions in i-structure the grammatical functions of subject, object and oblique correspond to. The conflict between quantitative discourse evidence from topicality and qualitative syntactic evidence from question-answer tests verifies the one-to-one general mapping between subject and continuing topic with the application of the conversion function, which further proves that Squliq Atayal is a quasi-f-structural language and that the multiple voice system in Squliq Atayal belongs to both the role-remapping voice system and the information-salience one in linguistic typology. Chapter 7 and 8 offer a general description of the properties of grammaticalized topics and grammaticalized foci respectively. Despite the complexity of the one-to-many mapping from grammatical functions to discourse functions, it is explained by the Informational Mapping Theory proposed in the present thesis, which directly establishes the mapping between f-structure and i-structure. Chapter 9 takes a diachronic perspective on the emergence of split-subjecthood in the Austronesian languages. By comparing Squliq Atayal and Tsou, it is hypothesized that split-subjecthood emerged from the shift of primary continuing topic from nominative subjects to oblique actors in NAV clauses. Chapter 10 summarizes the contributions of the present thesis and points out some issues for further research.
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Books on the topic "Topicalisation"

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Horváth, Márton Gergely. Français Parlé Informel: Stratégies de Topicalisation. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2018.

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Français Parlé Informel: Stratégies de Topicalisation. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2018.

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Horváth, Márton Gergely. Français Parlé Informel: Stratégies de Topicalisation. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2018.

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professeur, Caron Bernard, ed. Topicalisation et focalisation dans les langues africaines. Louvain: Peeters, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Topicalisation"

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Engels, Eva, and Sten Vikner. "V°-Topicalisation vs Remnant VP-Topicalisation." In Scandinavian Object Shift and Optimality Theory, 99–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137431646_7.

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Borg, Albert, and Marie Azzopardi-Alexander. "Topicalisation in Maltese." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 71–81. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.113.09bor.

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Ramsay, Allan. "Topicalisation and Attachment Preferences." In Workshops in Computing, 190–98. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3562-3_12.

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Engels, Eva, and Sten Vikner. "Object Shift and Remnant VP-Topicalisation in Optimality Theory." In Scandinavian Object Shift and Optimality Theory, 109–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137431646_8.

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Speyer, Augustin. "A Prosodic Factor for the Decline of Topicalisation in English." In Linguistic Evidence, 485–506. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110197549.485.

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Mesthrie, Rajend. "A sociolinguistic study of topicalisation phenomena in South African Black English." In Varieties of English Around the World, 119. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g19.12mes.

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Zhang, Yanyin. "Chapter 9. Discourse-pragmatic conditions for Object topicalisation structures in early L2 Chinese." In Widening Contexts for Processability Theory, 207–30. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/palart.7.09zha.

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Bazin-Tacchella, Sylvie. "L’articulation des séquences textuelles dans la traduction française de la Chirurgia Magna de Guy de Chauliac (XVe siècle): l’importance de la topicalisation." In Texte, Codex & Contexte, 61–72. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcc-eb.3.3942.

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"Topicalisation and (non-)inversion." In Pronouns and Word Order in Old English, 35–88. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315686974-9.

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Yujing, Ji, and Agnès Tutin. "Les routines de topicalisation dans les écrits scientifiques en français." In Lexique(s) et genre(s) textuel(s) : approches sur corpus, 227–42. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.2920.

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Le discours des écrits scientifiques est dialogique. L’auteur des écrits scientifiques présente non seulement des contenus informatifs, mais utilise aussi des éléments métadiscursifs pour évaluer les contenus et interagir avec ses lecteurs. Dans notre étude, nous nous focalisons sur l’aspect interlocutif des écrits scientifiques réalisé à travers des éléments métadiscursifs complexes, les routines de guidage du lecteur comme L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier… Plus précisément, nous examinons un petit ensemble des routines que nous nommons « routines de topicalisation » afin de comprendre comment l’auteur met en relief les idées ou les informations importantes pour ses lecteurs. À partir d’un corpus d’articles de recherches en sciences humaines et sociales, nous appliquons la méthode des « arbres lexico-syntaxiques récurrents » pour extraire des routines. Nous modélisons et analysons ensuite les fonctions rhétoriques et argumentatives des routines de topicalisation.
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