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Journal articles on the topic 'Topografy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Silva, A., M. Cavalcante, M. Ferraz, M. Rizzo, E. Fortes, B. Cunha, M. Carvalho, and A. Conde Júnior. "Papilar topografy and morphology of the tongue in the E. sexcinctus." Journal of Morphological Sciences 32, no. 03 (July 2015): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.087115.

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Abstract Introduction: The Six-banded armadillo (Euphractussexcintus) belongs to Cigunlata order, has diverse feeding habits and masticatory apparatus developed. The tongue, one of the major components of this equipment, has the mucosa papillae, taste buds and tongue glands. Materials and Methods: Six-banded armadillo were submitted to an anesthetic protocol with Tiletamine and zolazepan (Telazol®, Fortdotge, Brazil) and Sodium Thiopental (Thiopentax®, Cristália, Brazil), we proceeded to euthanasia using Potassium Chloride 19.1%, to then fix them in a 10% formaldehyde solution. The tongues were dissected and identified structures. For microscopic processing, segments from different parts of the tongue were subjected to histological routine and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson. Results: The tongue of the six-banded armadillo presents three types of papillae: filiform, fungiform and vallate, with no conical buds and foliate. Still in the tongue mucosa, was observed mucous glands and various taste corpuscles. Some data differ from those same found in other wild animals that have been studied, but are similar to those of the same phylogenetic. Conclusion: The morphological characteristics of the six-banded armadillo's tongue are adapted to the difficulties faced by him during chewing, requiring the tongue, structures that provide you mobility, strength and sensitivity.

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Fadli, Fadli. "Hubungan Pola Penyebaran dan Ketebalan Zona Bijih Endapan Nikel Laterit dengan Topografi Permukaan Pada PT Aneka Tambang Tbk." Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52562/injoes.v1i1.18.

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Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki sumber daya nikel laterit yang berlimpah, mulai dari Sulawesi hingga ke Papua. Oleh karena itu, peneliti melakukan analisis pola sebaran dan ketebalan endapan nikel leterit untuk mendapatkan pola sebaran zona bijih dari endapan nikel laterit berdasarkan topografi permukaan. Adapun metode yang dilakukan adalah menganalisis sampel pemboran dengan X-ray spectometer, menganalisis topografi, morfologi dan membuat profil penampang antar sumbu bor untuk menganalisis pola sebaran zona bijih endapan nikel laterit. Data yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk topografi perbukitan dengan morfologi bergelombang, miring hingga melandai, dengan kemiringan lereng 20-160. Penampang endapan secara vertikal mengunakan parameter overburden dengan kadar Ni < 0.90% – > 4%. Penampang serta pola sebaran endapan nikel laterit terbagi 3 warna yaitu coklat untuk kadar Ni < 0.90%, kuning untuk kadar Ni 0,91% – 1,50%, dan hijau untuk kadar Ni > 1,51%. Berdasarkan penampang korelasi pada topografi landai, didapatkan kadar yang tinggi serta tebal dan topografi yang berbukit miring ditemukan kadar yang tinggi tetapi ketebalan yang tipis. Secara keseluruhan kadar nikel laterit berkisar 8 – 16 meter. Kata Kunci: Topografi, Nikel Laterit, Kadar, Ketebalan, Pola Penyebaran Abstract: Indonesia is a country that has abundant nickel laterite resources, from Sulawesi to Papua. Therefore, the researchers analyzed the distribution pattern and thickness of the nickel leterite deposits to obtain the distribution pattern of the ore zones of the laterite nickel deposits based on the surface topography. The method used is to analyze the drilling sample with an X-ray spectometer, analyze the topography, morphology and create a cross-sectional profile between the drill axes to analyze the distribution pattern of the laterite nickel ore deposit zone. The data generated from this study is a hilly topography with a wavy morphology, slanted, and sloping, with a slope of 20-160. The vertical cross section of the sediment uses overburden parameters with Ni content < 0.90% – > 4%. The cross-section and distribution pattern of laterite nickel deposits are divided into 3 colors, namely brown for Ni content < 0.90%, yellow for Ni content 0.91% – 1.50%, and green for Ni content > 1.51%. Based on the cross-sectional correlation on the sloping topography, it was found that high grades and thick and hilly topography found high grades but thin thicknesses. Overall, laterite nickel content ranges from 8 to 16 meters. Keywords: Topography, Nickel Laterite, Grade, Thickness, Distribution Pattern

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Yanis, Muhammad, Aprilla Hasibuan Anggini, Faisal Abdullah, Muzakir Zainal, and Marwan Abubakar. "APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE AS A BASE MAP LAYER IN NEAR-SURFACE GEOPHYSICS." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v13i1.17818.

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The Geophysical method is operated by using physical parameters above the surface to estimate the subsurface structures. In data interpretation, all 3D surveys, i.e., magnetic, gravity, magnetotelluric, and airborne, are required for geographical conditions in the research area. In a large area, global DEM data is used to explain the field condition, but for local measurement, the data is not efficient due to low resolution (15-30 m/px). This research uses UAV technology to produce a high-resolution topography in local Geophysical measurement (500 x 600 m). The survey was conducted to map the coal structure in the subsurface. UAV data were also compared to SRTM (30 m/px) and DEMNAS (8 m/px) as global topography. Based on data processing, the UAV topographic was have a high resolution of 2.5 cm/px. Comparison of UAV and magnetic data are able to explain a good condition of field measurement than a global DEM data, even in a relatively small area; outcrops of the coal (50x50 m) can show a good differences contrast of topography. Based on data analysis, we can conclude that UAV technology can interpret the geophysical data measured in a local area.Keywords: UAV, SRTM, Topography, Geophysical Interpretation.Metode Geofisika bekerja dengan memanfaatkan parameter fisis diatas permukaan untuk pendugaan struktur bawah permukaan. Dalam tahapan interpretasi data, semua pengukuran 3D Geofisika; magnetic, gravity, magnetotelluric, dan airbone sangat membutuhkan keadaan geografis lapangan. Pada area yang luas, data DEM global digunakan untuk menjelaskan deskripsi lapangan, namun untuk pengukuran dekat permukaan yang bersifat lokal, data ini tidaklah efesien, karena resolusi yang relative rendah (15 – 30 m/px). Kami menggunakan teknologi UAV untuk menghasilkan topografi resolusi tinggi pada area pengukuran Geofisika dengan luas 500 x 600 m, yang disurvei untuk pemetaan batubara dibawah permukaan. Data UAV juga dibandingkan dengan topografi global SRTM (30 m/px) dan DEMNAS (8 m/px). Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan data UAV menghasilkan topografi dengan resolusi 2.5 cm/px. Hasil overlay UAV dengan Geofisika magnetik mampu menjelaskan deskripsi lapangan dengan sangat baik dibandingkan DEM global, bahkan pada area yang relative kecil seperti singkapan batuabara (50x50 m) dapat menunjukkan keadaan perbedaan topografi dengan kontras. Berdasarkan data analysis, topografi UAV sangat potensial digunakan untuk interpretasi data Geofisika dekat permukaan yang diukur pada area yang relative lokal.Kata kunci: UAV, SRTM, Topografi, Interpretasi Geofisika.

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4

Andreas, Birk, Ulrich Kuetgens, and Peter Becker. "Fast and easy Bragg reflex search for Berg–Barrett topography of misoriented crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 41, no. 4 (June 14, 2008): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889808015999.

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A fast search method for X-ray Bragg reflexes of misoriented crystals is presented. The method is also applicable to determine the accuracy of the crystal orientation. This technique is demonstrated by means of a simple setup for Berg–Barrett X-ray topography, consisting of a rotating sample holder on a two-circle diffractometer. The imaged area of the topograms is about 1 cm2, and the quality is comparable to the topograms taken by white-beam synchrotron X-ray topography.

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Fang, Zhong, Tao Dong, Yong He, and Yan Su. "The Plasma Treatment Influence on the Adhesive Wafer Bonding by the PDAP." Advanced Materials Research 1015 (August 2014): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1015.526.

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This paper focus on the Oxygen plasma surface treatment affect on the bonding strength. In shearing force tests , total 10 samples were tested. Through the shear force tests, it indicates that moderate exposure to O2 plasma could increase the bonding strength to some extent. Then the AFM tests results shows that the MR-I 9100M coating topography is about 14 nm, while after Oxygen plasma treatment the topograhy decrease to 7.9 nm. And the MR-I 9150M coating topography is about 5.5 nm, while after Oxygen plasma treatment the topograhy decrease to 4.6 nm. By AFM tests, it can be found that the Oxygen plasma surface treatment cause the decrease of the surface roughness. And it puts forward another possible explanation for the Oxygen plasma treatment can improve the bonding strength.

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Bogdanowicz, Włodzimierz, and Jacek Krawczyk. "X Ray Topography Study of Deformed Crystal-Quasicrystal Composites of Al Cu Fe Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.278.

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Crystal-quasicrystal columnar composites (CQ composites) of Al Cu Fe alloy subject to tensile strain at room temperature were studied by the reflective X ray topography. In those composites singlecrystalline β phase occurred as the matrix and rods consisting of quasicrystalline ψ phase and crystalline λ phase as the reinforcement. X-ray topograms of plate like composite specimens were obtained using reflexes of singlecrystalline matrix. It has been found that at strains ε up to 0.33% in a linear range of stress strain σ(ε) relationship the topograms remain unchanged. Instead, at ε higher than 0.33% significant contract changes have been observed in some areas of topograms. It has been determined that at ε higher than 0.33% the components of misorientation angle of those areas increase with increasing strain. Methods of powder phase analysis, metallographic examinations by means of optical microscopy methods and X-ray diffraction topography methods were used.

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Arnando, Roby, Muhammad Rusdi, and Hairul Basri. "Penggunaan Data DEM SRTM untuk Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Banjir di Kecamatan Lhoksukon Kabupaten Aceh Utara." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v5i2.14850.

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Abstrak. Banjir merupakan masalah umum di sebagian daerah yang ada di Indonesia, terutama pada daerah yang memiliki topografi yang rendah di bagian hilir sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat daerah yang sering dilanda banjir dengan hubungan peta daerah rawan banjir di Kecamatan Lhoksukon Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Kondisi topografi Kecamatan Lhoksukon dengan kelandaian yang curam dibagian hulu namun landai dibagian hilir, sehingga keadaan topografi ini dapat menyebabkan aliran air mengalir dengan kecepatan yang rendah pada daerah hilir. Keadaan topografi tersebut menggambarkan bahwa secara fisik Kecamatan Lhoksukon merupakan daerah yang rawan terhadap banjir. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kerawanan banjir di Kecamatan Lhoksukon dibagi 3 kelas yaitu kelas kerawanan sangat rawan banjir diperoleh 642,30 hektar, kelas rawan banjir 11.544,70 hektar dan kelas tidak rawan banjir seluas 1.542,57 hektar.Use Of Demographic Data For Mapping Flood-Prone Areas in Lhoksukon Sub-District, North Aceh RegencyAbstract. Flooding is a common problem in some regions in Indonesia, especially in areas that have low topography in the downstream river. This study aims to look at areas that are often hit by floods with the flood-prone areas in Lhoksukon Sub District, North Aceh District. The topographic condition of Lhoksukon District is which steep slope in upstream but sloping in the downstream, so that topography can caused run off at a low speed in the downstream area. The topographical situation illustrates that physically Lhoksukon District is an area prone to flooding. Based on the results of the analysis of flood vulnerability in Lhoksukon Sub District divided into 3 classes: 642.30 ha of highly hazard-prone, 11,544.70 ha of flood-prone and 1,542.57 ha of non-flood-prone.

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Silva, Marcones De Oliveira, and Rosiberto Salustiano da Silva Júnior. "Avaliação da Qualidade do Ar (NO2, CO, O3) na Cidade de Maceió/AL Utilizando o Modelo Atmosférico WRF/CHEM (Evaluation of the air quality (NO2, CO, O3) of Maceió/AL using the atmospheric model WRF/CHEM)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 3 (June 2, 2019): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.3.p801-836.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do ar na cidade de Maceió-AL utilizando o modelo numérico de mesoescala WRF/CHEM (Weather Research and forecasting/Chemistry) durante o período de 23 a 25 de abril de 2011. O WRF/CHEM foi configurado para realizar quatro tipos de simulações: Default - simulação com a topografia e uso do solo padrões do modelo; Topo - simulação com a topografia atualizada e uso do solo padrão; IGBP - simulação com a topografia padrão e uso do solo atualizado e Topo_IGBP - simulação com a atualização da topografia e uso do solo. O inventário de emissões veiculares necessário para servir como dado de entrada no modelo foi construído de acordo com a metodologia proposta pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) onde se calculou as emissões totais em toneladas anuais de monóxido de carbono (CO), óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx), hidrocarbonetos não metano (NMHC) e material particulado (MP). O modelo WRF/CHEM foi executado com duas grades aninhadas com espaçamento de grade de 5 e 1 km. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a resolução de 1 km obteve resultados melhores, em relação às observações, para as simulações de temperatura, umidade relativa e concentrações de dióxido de nitrogênio (NO2) do que os resultados obtidos pelas simulações utilizando a grade de 5 km, porém a variabilidade horária foi melhor representada pela resolução de 5 km. A simulação Topo foi a que apresentou melhor acurácia das simulações nas duas resoluções adotadas mostrando que a atualização da topografia é mais eficiente do que a atualização do uso do solo.Palavras-Chave: WRF/CHEM; inventário; topografia; uso do solo; resolução. A B S T R A C TThis work aims to evaluate the air quality in the city of Maceió-AL using the numerical model of the WRF/CHEM (Weather Research and forecasting / Chemistry) during the period from April 23 to 25, 2011. The WRF/CHEM was configured to perform four types of simulations: Default - simulation with topography and land use patterns of the model; Topo - simulation with updated topography and standard soil use; IGBP - simulation with the standard topography and updated soil use and Topo_IGBP - simulation with updating topography and land use. The vehicle emissions inventory required to serve as input data in the model was constructed according to the methodology proposed by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) where the total emissions in annual tons of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and particulate matter (MP). The WR /CHEM model was run with two nested grids with grid spacing of 5 and 1 km. The results obtained showed that the resolution of 1 km obtained better results, relative to the observations, for the simulations of temperature, relative humidity and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations than the results obtained by the simulations using the 5 km grid, the hourly variability was best represented by the resolution of 5 km. The Topo simulation was the one that presented better accuracy of the simulations in the two adopted resolutions showing that the updating of the topography is more efficient than the update of the land use.Keywords: WRF/CHEM; inventory; topography; land use; resolution.

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Faria, Bruno Lopes, and Flavio Barbosa Justino. "Modelagem do Impacto da Topografia Boreal no Clima Global (Modelling the Impact of Topography on Global Climate Boreal)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 2 (September 20, 2011): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i2.232682.

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Foram realizadas simulações climáticas a partir de 2 experimentos de sensibilidade numérica conduzidos com um modelo acoplado de complexidade intermediária, LOVECLIM, estendendo-se para um período de 300 anos. Sendo que, neste experimento foi realizada a redução em 50% da topografia geral do hemisfério norte, um com modelo acoplado (oceano-atmosfera) e outro desacoplado (somente atmosfera). Nos resultados obtidos, foram observadas alterações no padrão de clima global e local, em especial a região da Ásia, relacionadas com aumento de temperatura do ar à superfície e intensidade do vento. Maiores alterações foram observados em regiões continentais no hemisfério norte. Isto mostra o maior impacto local causado pela forçante topográfica com o a redução da pela metade da topografia boreal. Palavras-chave: Topografia, Mudanças Climáticas, Modelos Climáticos, Forçante Climática Modelling the Impact of Topography on Global Climate Boreal ABSTRACTSimulations were conducted from two numerical sensitivity experiments conducted with a coupled model with intermediate complexity, LOVECLIM, extending for a period of 300 years. Since this experiment was carried out 50% reduction in the general topography of the northern hemisphere, with a coupled model (ocean-atmosphere) and the other uncoupled (atmosphere only). Their results have been observed changes in the pattern of global and local climate, particularly in Asia, linked to increase of air temperature and wind intensity. The biggest impacts were observed in continental regions in the north hemisphere. This shows the greater local impact caused by topographic forcing Keywords: Topography, Climate Change, Climate Models, Topographic Forcing

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Arif, Nursida, Projo Danoedoro, and Hartono Hartono. "Pemodelan Spasial Erosi Kualitatif Berbasis Raster Studi Kasus di DAS Serang, Kabupaten Kulonprogo." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.15.2.127-134.

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Erosi merupakan salah satu fenomena alam yang banyak dikaji karena melibatkan banyak faktor yaitu vegetasi, tanah, iklim, topografi dan manusia. Kompleksitas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi erosi disederhanakan melalui pemodelan untuk memprediksi tingkat erosi pada suatu wilayah dengan memanfaatkan data penginderaan jauh dan sistem informasi geografis. Faktor yang digunakan dalam menyusun model hanya melibatkan tiga faktor yaitu vegetasi, tanah dan lereng. Penelitian ini dilakukan di DAS Serang karena termasuk salah satu DAS yang berada dalam kondisi kritis yang dapat memicu terjadinya degradasi lahan, erosi dan longsor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui distribusi spasial tingkat erosi kualitatif di DAS Serang. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah integrasi peginderaan jauh dan sistem informasi geografis berbasis raster. Validasi model dilakukan dengan melihat faktor topografi dan indikator erosi kualitatif di lapangan yaitu armour layer, singkapan akar, pedestal, erosi alur dan gully. Hasil penelitian menunjukan model yang dihasilkan sangat efektif sebagai solusi cepat prediksi erosi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tingkat erosi sangat berat mendominasi di wilayah kajian yaitu sebagian besar di kecamatan Kokap, Girimulyo dan sebagian Pengasih.Kata kunci: Erosi, Model, Kualitatif, DAS SerangEnglish Title: Spatial Modeling of Raster Based Qualitative ErosionABSTRACTErosion is one of the natural phenomena that's studied by many because it involves many factors, namely vegetation, soil, climate, topography and humans. The complexity of the factors affecting erosion is simplified through modeling to predict of erosion rates in a region by utilizing remote sensing data and geographic information systems. The erosion control factor used in this research fewer parameters, namely vegetation, soil and topography only. This research was conducted in Serang watershed because it is one of the watersheds which are in critical conditions which can trigger land degradation, erosion and landslides. The purpose of this research was to know the spatial distribution of erosion susceptibility levels in Serang watershed. The approach used was the integration of remote sensing and raster-based geographic information system. Model validation was undertaken based on topograhy factor and observation of qualitative erosion indicators in the field. The indicators used were pedestals, armor layers, root exposure, or other erosion featuress such as rill and gullies. The results show that the resulting model is more effective as a quick solution to the prediction of erosion. Based on the results of the analysis, the spatial distribution of erosion rates is very dominant in the study area, mostly in Kokap, Girimulyo and some of the sub-districts.Keywords: Erosion, Modeling, Qualitative, Serang watershedCitation: Arif, N., Danoedoro, P., dan Hartono. (2017). Pemodelan Spasial Erosi Kualitatif Berbasis Raster Studi Kasus di DAS Serang, Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2),127-134, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.127-134

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GÖNEN, Tansu, C. Banu COŞAR, H. Kadircan KESKİNBORA, and Suphi ACAR. "Impact of Pterygium Surgery on Corneal Topography." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 30, no. 3 (2010): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2008-9698.

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Bogdanowicz, Włodzimierz, Robert Albrecht, Jan Sieniawski, Krzysztof Kubiak, and Arkadiusz Onyszko. "Correlation between SEM and X-Ray Diffraction Imaging of Defect Structure in Single-Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy." Solid State Phenomena 186 (March 2012): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.186.135.

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In the work the single-crystalline alloy CMSX-4 was studied. The main aim of the study was an attempt to find correlations between images of X-Ray topography, X-ray diffraction maps of lattice parameter and misorientation angle and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images obtained by back-scattered electron (BSE) technique. Topography images were obtained by Auleytner method with wide beam. Diffractometer provided by EFG company was used for obtaining orientation and lattice parameter maps. Material for research was produced in Research and Development Laboratory for Aerospace Materials of Rzeszów University of Technology. Casts were obtained in ALD furnace by the Bridgman technique. It was found that X-ray topograms were correlated with SEM images of microstructures as well as with orientation and lattice parameter maps. X-Ray topograms showed high contrast bands which corresponded to dendrite arms. There was a correlation between low angle boundary and lattice parameter map.

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Zhao, Baojun, Wenjin Sun, and Tianming Zhan. "The Modified Quasi-geostrophic Barotropic Models Based on Unsteady Topography." Earth Sciences Research Journal 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n1.63007.

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New models using scale analysis and perturbation methods were derivated starting from the shallow water equations based on barotropic fluids. In the paper, to discuss the irregular topography with different magnitudes, especially considering the condition of the vast terrain, some modified quasi-geostrophic barotropic models were obtained. The unsteady terrain is more suitable to describe the motion of the fluid state of the earth because of the change of global climate and environment, so the modified models are more rational potential vorticity equations. If we do not consider the influence of topography and other factors, the models degenerate to the general quasi-geostrophic barotropic equations in the previous studies. Modelos semigeostróficos barotrópicos modificados con base en topografía inestableResumenEste trabajo deduce nuevos modelos con el uso de los métodos de análisis a escala y de perturbación a partir de las ecuaciones de aguas poco profundas con base en fluidos barotrópicos. En este artículo se obtuvieron algunos modelos semigeostróficos barotrópicos para aplicar en zonas de topografía inestable con diferentes magnitudes y considerar especialmente la condición del extenso terreno. La topografía inestable es más propicia para describir el movimiento del estado fluido de la tierra debido al cambio del clima y ambiente, por lo tanto los modelos modificados son ecuaciones de vorticidad potenciales más razonables. Si no se considera la influencia de la topografía y otros factores, los modelos se reducirían a las ecuaciones generales semigeostróficas barotrópicas de estudios anteriores.

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Budiman, Asep Sandra, and Indarto Happy Supriadi. "POTENSI KEJADIAN ROB DI PESISIR PROBOLINGGO SERTA PERBANDINGAN KONDISINYA ANTARA MUSIM BARAT DAN MUSIM TIMUR BERDASARKAN DATA OSEANOGRAFI DAN METEOROLOGI." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v11i3.20349.

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Rob atau banjir pasang air laut telah menjadi permasalahan serius di beberapa daerah pesisir di Indonesia, khususnya Probolinggo. Kajian mengenai banjir rob di wilayah ini telah dilakukan dengan mengolah dan menganalisa data-data oseanografi dan meteorologi untuk mengkaji seberapa besar potensi kejadian dan perbandingan kondisinya saat musim Barat dan Timur. Data-data yang digunakan adalah data pasang-surut (pasut) dan angin wilayah Probolinggo selama 7 tahun (2004 - 2011) dari Stamet II Perak Surabaya, serta data topografi Probolinggo dari Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Potensi terjadinya banjir rob ditentukan dengan membandingkan tinggi muka air ini dengan topografi daerah kajian. Data meteorologi dianalisa untuk dibandingkan kondisinya saat musim Barat dan Timur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa banjir rob dapat terjadi di beberapa titik di pesisir Probolinggo saat pasang tinggi khususnya selama periode pasang purnama akibat tinggi muka air yang lebih tinggi (0,73 m) daripada ketinggian topografi daerah kajian (rerata <0.5 m). Kondisi akan lebih buruk selama musim Timur akibat datangnya angin kencang dari arah yang berpotensi dalam kemunculan gelombang tinggi di pesisir.

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., Muhtar. "PEMANFAATAN CITRA TOPOGRAFI MENGGUNAKAN TRANSFORMASI WATERSHED PADA DAS YANG RAWAN BENCANA ALAM." Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil 13, no. 1 (November 7, 2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jmts.v13i1.2545.

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PEMANFAATAN CITRA TOPOGRAFI MENGGUNAKAN TRANSFORMASI WATERSHED PADA DAS YANG RAWAN BENCANA ALAMImage Utilization Topography Using Watershed Transformation In Watersheds Natural Disaster ProneMuhtarJurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah JemberAlamat Korespondensi : Jl. Karimata 49 JemberEmail: Muhtar.fitrah@gmail.comAbstractAs a country which has abundant natural resources , Indonesia is faced with a problem that arises in the process of exploiting the natural resources , namely the emergence of natural disasters that could potentially cause serious damage in some areas . Threats to flooding and landslides in the watershed ( DAS ) has been in the spotlight of many researchers in finding the best solution . Utilization topographic image in the field of remote sensing is very useful in the development of disaster management system better . With the support of the use of watershed transformation method , it is possible to obtain data geographical situation , both of dimension flow and slope conditions affecting the water discharge capacity of the watershed . Thus , the risk of natural disasters can be minimized level of material and non-material damage .Keywords : Topography image , Transformation Watershed , Watershed , Natural Disaster ProneAbstrakSebagai Negara yang memiliki sumber daya alam melimpah, Indonesia dihadapkan pada suatu permasalahan yang muncul dalam proses pemanfaatan kekayaan alam itu, yaitu munculnya bencana alam yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan serius dibeberapa daerah. Ancaman terhadap bahaya banjir dan tanah longsor pada daerah aliran sungai (DAS) telah menjadi sorotan banyak peneliti dalam mencari solusi terbaik. Pemanfaatan citra topografi dalam bidang penginderaan jauh sangat bermanfaat dalam pengembangan sistem penanggulangan bencana yang lebih baik. Dengan didukung dengan penggunaan metode transformasi watershed, dimungkinkan memperoleh data situasi geografis, baik dari dimensi aliran maupun kondisi kelerengan yang mempengaruhi kapasitas debit air DAS. Dengan demikian, resiko bencana alam dapat diminimalkan tingkat kerusakan materil maupun non materil.Kata kunci : Citra Topografi, Transformasi Watershed, Daerah Aliran Sungai, Rawan Bencana Alam

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Lumban-Gaol, Jonson, Nyoman Metta N. Natih, and Marlis Yulianto. "Kajian Lahan Potensial untuk Budidaya Perikanan dari Citra Satelit di Pantai Timur Belitung." Majalah Geografi Indonesia 32, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mgi.33420.

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Pemetaan lahan yang potensial untuk budidaya perikanan dilakukan melalui pemetaan topografi dan tutupan lahan dari citra satelit serta survei lapang di perairan pantai Timur Belitung. Peta Topografi estimasi dari citra satelit mempunyai pola yang sama dengan hasil pengukuran terestris dimana ketinggian lahan semakin meningkat mulai dari garis pantai menuju daratan. Data hasil pengukuran topografi secara terestris lebih tinggi dari data topografi estimasi dari data satelit. Tipe pasut di perairan pantai Belitung timur adalah tipe tunggal. Data pasut ini digunakan menjadi acuan untuk pengukuran topografi secara terestris. Peta tutupan lahan hasil intrepretasi dari citra satelit diklasifikasikan menjadi kelas: hutan primer, hutan sekunder, belukar, rawa/air, lahan terbuka, permukiman dan galian tambang. Berdasarkan peta topografi, peta tutupan lahan dan data pasang surut maka lahan di wilayah kajian pesisir pantai Timur Belitung potensial dikembangkan untuk budidaya perikanan seluas 9.000 ha. ABSTRACT Mapping potential land for aquaculture was done through topography, and land cover mapping derived satellite imagery and field survey in the east coast of Belitung. Topographic data derived satellite, and terrestrial measurement shows that topographic patterns increase as we move from the coastal line to inland. Topographic data from the terrestrial measurement was higher than satellite estimations. The type of tide in the east coast Belitung’s is the diurnal type. Within this research, tidal data was used as a reference terrestrial topographic measurement. Land coverage maps from satellite images were classified into primary and secondary forests, grove forests, marsh/water lands, open land, inhabited land, and mining areas. According to topographic, land cover map, and tide pattern it can be confirmed that the eastern coastal area of Belitung has the potential to be developed into an aquaculture fishery area of 9,000 ha.

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Gajdis, Anna. "Topographies of the Works of Artur Becker." Transfer. Reception Studies 4 (2019): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/trs.2019.04.09.

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Setiawan, Muhammad Arief, Eko Budi Wahyono, and Bambang Suyudi. "Hasil Pemotretan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Pada Variasi Topografi Untuk Pengukuran dan Pemetaan." Tunas Agraria 2, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/jta.v2i1.16.

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Abstract: The availability of a 1: 1000 scale base map owned by Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Affairs/National Land Office (Ministry of ATR/BPN) is 0.9% of the non-forest area. The target of land registration amounts to ± 127 million parcels of land outside the forest area, only ± 47 million parcels of land already registered. The purpose of this research is (1) to know mapping with UAV on topographic variation for making land registration base map, (2) to know whether the result of measurement accuracy of ground plane with UnmannedAerialVehicle(UAV) on different topogra-phy fulfill the technical requirement of PMNA / KBPN Number 3 Year 1997.The Research method used is experimental method with quantitative approach. The study examined the accuracy of po-sition, length and area of land Parcels sample by comparing terrestrial and photogrammetric measurements. The data were analyzed using tolerance test based on PMNA/KBPN Number 3 of 1997.Based on the analysis it is known that, the result of photography map with DJI Phantom 3 Pro Quadcopter UAV can be used for making the registration base map on flat or sloping topogra-phy. The length and the area of the shooting Result with the UAV can be used for measuring land Parcel on flat or sloping topography.Keywords: photogrammetric, UAV, topographyIntisari: Ketersediaan peta dasar skala 1:1000 yang dimiliki oleh Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (Kementerian ATR/BPN) yaitu sebesar 0,9% dari cakupan luas lahan non hutan. Target pendaftaran tanah berjumlah ± 127 juta bidang tanah di luar kawasan hutan, hanya ± 47 juta bidang tanah yang sudah terdaftar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui pemetaan dengan UnmannedAerialVehicle(UAV) pada variasi topografi untuk pembuatan peta dasar pendaftaran tanah, (2) mengetahui apakah hasil uji ketelitian pengukuran bidang tanah dengan UAV pada topografi yang berbeda memenuhi persyaratan teknis PMNA/KBPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997. Metode yang digunakan metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian menguji ketelitian posisi, panjang dan luas bidang tanah dengan membandingkan pengukuran terestris dan fotogrametris. Analisa dilakukan ber-dasarkan toleransi persyaratan teknis PMNA/KBPN Nomor 3 Tahun 1997. Berdasarkan analisa diketahui bahwa, peta hasil pemotretan dengan UAV Quadcopter DJI Phantom 3Pro dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan peta dasar pendaftaran pada topografi datar maupun miring. Pan-jang dan luas hasil pemotretan dengan UAV dapat digunakan untuk pengukuran bidang tanah pada topografi datar maupun miring.Kata Kunci : fotogrametris, UAV, topografi

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Miller, Tatiana. "Sources of surface topography measurements’ unreliability." Mechanik, no. 11 (November 2016): 1722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.11.509.

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Jaros, Violetta. "Ile jest Częstochowy w Częstochowie? Nazewnicza tożsamość miasta." Prace Językoznawcze 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pj.6584.

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Przedmiotem oglądu uczyniono nazwy własne funkcjonujące w przestrzeni społecznejCzęstochowy, wywołujące skojarzenia z jej historią i topografią. Celem opisu jest charakterystykajęzykowa częstochowskich urbanonimów z ich konkretnymi odniesieniami kulturowymi,które kreują przestrzeń lokalną, zapobiegając wszechogarniającemu wpływowiglobalizacji. Scharakteryzowane urbanonimy łączą dwa konteksty – przestrzeń fizycznąi społeczną – i pełnią różne funkcje: służą orientacji w topografii miasta i regionu, oddająwspółczesną i przechowują pamięć dawnej struktury architektonicznej i właściwości terenu,upamiętniają sylwetki zasłużonych częstochowian, a przede wszystkim zapewniająidentyfikację z miastem i umacnianie odrębności przestrzeni lokalnej oraz kształtujątożsamość zbiorową jego mieszkańców.

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Ariesty, Helena, Blandine Lemercier, Lionel Berthier, Roh Santoso, and Satyanto K. Saptomo. "Modelling of Potential Wetlands based on a Topographic Index in Brittany, France." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 02, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.02.1.73-80.

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Onyszko, Arkadiusz, Włodzimierz Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Kubiak, and Jan Sieniawski. "X-Ray Topography Study of the Nickel Superalloy CMSX-4 Single Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.260.

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The paper attempts to determine structural perfection of monocrystalline nickel superalloys using X-ray topography. Monocrystalline bars and turbine blades were manufactured in an ALD Vacuum Technologies furnace using the Bridgman method. Pulling out rates typical for CMSX-4 nickel superalloys were used. It has been found that in the case of monocrystalline bars the structural perfection determined based on X-ray topograms does not depend on the distance from the selector. Instead, for blades the structural perfection significantly decreases with increasing distance from the selector.

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So, Simon W. W. "Mobile Learning: A Topography and Research." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 4, no. 4 (2014): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijiet.2014.v4.426.

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Szteyn, Stanisław, Barbara Gawrońska, and Edward Szatkowski. "Topography and structure of corpus striatum in Insectivora." Acta Theriologica 32 (May 10, 1987): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.87-8.

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Horsfall, Nicholas. "Illusion and Reality in Latin Topographical Writing." Greece and Rome 32, no. 2 (October 1985): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500030515.

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From Cluverius and Holstenius, through Nissen and Hülsen to the distinguished contributors to the Quaderni dell' Istituto di Topografia antica, the study of Italian topography has achieved solid progress, sometimes with important consequences for military and economic history. New concords between battles and battlefields, between nameless sites and siteless names, continue to be proposed and the steady popularity of a subject involving archaeology, epigraphy, literary texts, and country walks is readily understandable: we must all be grateful for the very real improvements which continue to be made to our map of central Italy.

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Kohn, V. G., and I. A. Smirnova. "A study of X-ray multiple diffraction by means of section topography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 71, no. 5 (July 9, 2015): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273315012176.

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The results of theoretical and experimental study are presented for the question of how the X-ray multiple diffraction in a silicon single crystal influences the interference fringes of section topography for the 400 reflection in the Laue case. Two different cases of multiple diffraction are discovered for zero and very small values of the azimuthal angle for the sample in the form of a plate with the surface normal to the 001 direction. The cases are seen on the same topogram without rotation of the crystal. Accurate computer simulations of the section topogram for the case of X-ray multiple diffraction are performed for the first time. It is shown that the structure of interference fringes on the section topogram in the region of multiple diffraction becomes more complicated. It has a very sharp dependence on the azimuthal angle. The experiment is carried out using a laboratory source under conditions of low resolution over the azimuthal angle. Nevertheless, the characteristic inclination of the interference fringes on the tails of the multiple diffraction region is easily seen. This phenomenon corresponds completely to the computer simulations.

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ALTAY, Yeşim, and Hülya BOLU. "Sensitivity and Specifificity of Main Parameters of Corneal Topography for Discriminating the Severity of Keratoconus." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 3 (2018): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2017-58053.

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ALTIN EKİN, Meryem, İclal YÜCEL, and Mustafa ÜNAL. "Effectiveness of Corneal Topography Guided Suture Removal of the Patients with Penetrating Keratoplasty in Astigmatism Treatment." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 1 (2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2017-59485.

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ÖZKAN AKSOY, Nilgün, Burçin ÇAKIR, Sedat ÖZMEN, and Gürsoy ALAGÖZ. "The Assessment of Age-Related Changes in Anterior Segment Parameters Measured by Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 29, no. 1 (2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2019-64912.

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YENİAD, Barış, and Acun GEZER. "Corneal Topography Changes in Cases with Duane Retraction Syndrome in Different Gaze Positions." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 3 (2011): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2009-14148.

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Sambah, Abu Bakar, Dwi Agus Kuncoro, and Syaiful Anam. "Pemetaan Trase Jaringan Irigasi Melalui Analisis Geospasial (Studi Kasus Daerah Irigasi Cibuluh, Jawa Barat)." Jurnal Irigasi 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31028/ji.v12.i1.1-10.

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Perencanan jalur irigasi seringkala mengalami kendala dengan adanya tumpang tindih antar penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Perencanaan jalur irigasi harus mempertimbangkan tutupan lahan disekitarnya. Optimalisasi penentuan jaringan irigasi harus dilakukan melalui asumsi kondisi fisik lahan atau topografis kawasan serta kedekatan antar jaringan irigasi dengan daerah irigasi. Kajian optimalisasi penentuan trase jaringan irigasi melalui analisis geo-spasial di daerah irigasi Cibuluh, Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan pendekatan SIG ini bertujuan untuk (1) Memetakan kondisi eksisting rencana jalur irigasi di daerah irigasi Cibuluh terkait pertimbangan dengan tutupan lahan dan kondisi topografi di wilayah kajian; (2) Memetakan serta menentukan trase jaringan irigasi yang optimal berdasarkan analisis spasial terhadap tutupan lahan yang ada serta karakteristik topografi; (3) Membangun konsep simulasi berjenjang terkait daerah layanan irigasi berdasarkan ketinggian wilayah kajian melalui analisis geo-spasial. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui metode analisis geospasial dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis. Model ketinggian digital atau DEM merupakan data awal yang digunakan dalam membuat simulai area layanan irigasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pada DI Cibuluh terdapat dua tumpang tinding tutupan lahan yang harus dikurangkan dari daerah irigasi tersebut. Tutupan lahan ini adalah kawasan hutan dan kawasan industri. Trase jaringan irigasi direncanakan tanpa memotong maupun melewati tutupan lahan hutan dan industri, sehingga perencanaan lebih kepada simulasi berdasarkan titik kontrol melalui pemrosesan penyesuaian data kontur ketinggian serta tinggi muka air.

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EKİNCİ, Dilbade Yıldız, Nilüfer ALPARSLAN, Zafer CEBECİ, Leyla YAVUZ SARIÇAY, and Raziye DÖNMEZ GÜN. "The Topographic Corneal Changes in Patients with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 2 (2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2018-63355.

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Cieślak, Tomasz. "Geography and Topography of "Ziemia Nod" by Radosław Kobierski." Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze, no. 3 (2012): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsl.2012.03.07.

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SMOLENTZOV, Vera Maria Neves. "Topografia da desigualdade social e da saúde." Economia & Pesquisa 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.6005/2179-6009.2006v8p54.

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Chmielik, Ireneusz Piotr, and Henryk Czarnecki. "Evaluation of gear tooth 3D surface topography." Mechanik, no. 7 (July 2015): 557/101–557/110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.7.219.

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ROKITA, WOJCIECH. "Topography of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women." PRZEGLĄD GINEKOLOGICZNO-POŁOŻNICZY 6, no. 2 (May 23, 2006): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1066/s10014060005.

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Sîrbu, Valentin Daniel, Dan Ionuţ Sălăvăstru, Lavinia Buţincu, Roxana Ivaşcu, Vanda Roxana Nimigean, Ioan Sîrbu, and Victor Nimigean. "Mandibular canal topography – review of the literature." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.2.10.

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This study represents a review of the literature on the topography of the mandibular canal. A PubMed and MedLine search was performed alongside with a hand search of specialised books. 193 abstracts, 41 full articles and 12 books were used for the study, out of which 93 were included in the references list. The region of the mandibular body behind the first premolar contains the mandibular canal, which presents a certain trajectory in relation with the lateral teeth apices and in relation with the buccal and lingual cortical plates. The mandibular canal is considered an important anatomic landmark that can influence the success of endodontics, oral surgery procedures and implant therapy.

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Dickinson, Renée L., William D. Erwin, Donna M. Stevens, Luc M. Bidaut, Martha V. Mar, Homer A. Macapinlac, and Richard E. Wendt. "Hybrid Modality Fusion of Planar Scintigrams and CT Topograms to Localize Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Lymphoscintigraphy: Technical Description and Phantom Studies." International Journal of Molecular Imaging 2011 (December 14, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/298102.

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Lymphoscintigraphy is a nuclear medicine procedure that is used to detect sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). This project sought to investigate fusion of planar scintigrams with CT topograms as a means of improving the anatomic reference for the SLN localization. Heretofore, the most common lymphoscintigraphy localization method has been backlighting with a 57Co sheet source. Currently, the most precise method of localization through hybrid SPECT/CT increases the patient absorbed dose by a factor of 34 to 585 (depending on the specific CT technique factors) over the conventional 57Co backlighting. The new approach described herein also uses a SPECT/CT scanner, which provides mechanically aligned planar scintigram and CT topogram data sets, but only increases the dose by a factor of two over that from 57Co backlighting. Planar nuclear medicine image fusion with CT topograms has been proven feasible and offers a clinically suitable compromise between improved anatomic details and minimally increased radiation dose.

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Yanis, Muhammad, Nazli Ismail, Laura Vadzla Hermansyah, Muhammad Nanda, and Faisal Abdullah. "Fault Mapping in Weh Island based on Fault Fracture Density Method (FFD)." Journal of Aceh Physics Society 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v8i1.12764.

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Pulau Weh merupakan pulau vulkanik yang dilalui jalur sesar aktif the Great Sumatran Fault. Keberadaan jalur sesar aktif pada suatu kawasan berimplikasi pada ancaman bahaya gempa bumi. Kami telah menggunakan data Digital Elevation Model (DEM) dari Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) untuk pemetaan jalur-jalur sesar di Pulau Weh. Data DEM yang diproduksi oleh SRTM diekstrak menjadi hillshade dengan memberikan variasi sudut penyinaran matahari dan altitude 45o. Analisis topografi permukaan bumi memberikan penampakan gerusan-gerusan sesar dan rekahan. Selanjutnya kelurusan-kelurusan ditarik secara manual berdasarkan analisis sesar dan rekahan untuk tiap perbedaan sudut elevasi matahari pada hillshade. Kelurusan-kelurusan yang diperoleh dari tiap hillshade kemudian di-overlay. Berdasarkan jenisnya, kelurusan yang dianggap sebagai sesar dan rekahan diinterpretasi dengan memberikan grid 500 x 500 m. Dengan menggunakan metode FFD, didapatkan kelurusan-kelurusan yang berasosiasi dengan struktur atau merupakan refleksi gambaran topografi berupa kelurusan sungai, kelurusan lembah, struktur sesar maupun rekahan, kontak batuan dan kemunculan manifestasi panas bumi. Terdapat empat lokasi yang memiliki nilai anomali densitas kelurusan tinggi. Dominasi kelurusan yang terdapat di Pulau Weh yaitu Barat Laut-Tenggara. Arah dominan ini bersesuaian dengan arah Sesar Sumatera. Weh Island is a volcanic island crossed by the Great Sumatran Fault. Presence of such active fault may trigger seismic hazard on the island. We have applied Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data to delineate fault distribution in Weh Island. The DEM data produced by SRTM were extracted as hillshade using variation of sun irradiation angels and altitude 45 o. Surface topographic analysis provided fractures and faults signatures on the study area. The faults and fractures lineament were drawn manually for each angle on the hillshades. The lineaments for each hillshade were overlaid. Using Fault Fracture Density (FFD) method we found lineaments associated as geological structures reflected from rivers, valleys, faults, fractures, rock contacts, and geothermal manifestations. There are four locations with high density lineaments on the island. The lineaments mostly directed in Northwest-Southeast which is same direction as the Great Sumatran Fault. Keywords: DEM, SRTM, geomorphology, the Great Sumatran Fault.

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Nabawi, Ilham, Liong Ju Tjung, and I. G. Oka Sindhu Pribadi. "STUDI PERKEMBANGAN LAHAN TERBANGUN SERTA KESESUAIAN." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v2i2.8869.

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Bogor Regency is an urban area located in West Java Province, with a total administrative area of 293,968 Ha. Bogor Regency included in the National Strategic Region (NSR) plan. Based on Presidential Regulation No. 56 of 2008 about JABODETABEKPUNJUR Space Arrangement, it is established that Bogor Regency has the primary function as water and land conservation area. The establishment of Bogor Regency as water and land conservation area was based on a rather high area topography. For example, the Ciawi Sub-district located on the southern part of Bogor Regency has an estimated topography of 1,500 meters above sea level. Hence, Bogor Regency is the upstream part of the below areas (downstream). Following the establishment of Bogor Regency as water and land conservation area and its higher topography, the control and usage of developed land have to be the main focus for associated regional government. This study aimed to look at developed areas development since 1994 until 2019 with the study time range per 10 years and see whether the existing 2019 condition followed the applied Urban Planning policy. This study needed primary data of recorded satellite images from 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2019 using the remote sensing method. Based on the conducted study, the development of developed areas in Bogor Regency is 3% on average per year and tend to follow the infrastructure development, especially in the eastern part of Bogor Regency. As for the suitability, the comparison of the existing condition with the applied Urban Planning shows that the suggested area percentage is under control. Keywords: development land, remote sensing, RTRWAbstrakKabupaten Bogor merupakan salah satu wilayah perkotaan yang terdapat di Provinsi Jawa Barat, dengan luas total wilayah administrasi 293,968 Ha. Kabupaten Bogor termasuk ke dalam perencanaan Kawasan Strategis Nasional (KSN). Berdasarkan peraturan Presiden (PP) no.56 Tahun 2008 mengenai Penataan Ruang JABODETABEKPUNJUR ditetapkan bahwa Kabupaten Bogor mempunyai fungsi utama sebagai daerah konservasi bagi air dan tanah. Penetapan Kabupaten Bogor sebagai daerah konservasi air dan tanah bukan tanpa sebab, secara geografis memiliki topografi cukup tinggi, contohnya Kecamatan Ciawi yang terdapat dibagian selatan Kabupaten Bogor memiliki kisaran topografi yaitu ± 1.500 mdpl sehingga dapat dikatakan Kabupaten Bogor merupakan daerah hulu bagi daerah yang lebih rendah (hilir). Dengan ditetapkannya sebagai daerah konservasi air dan tanah serta juga merupakan wilayah yang memiliki topografi lebih tinggi bagi sekitarnya, pengendalian serta penggunaan lahan terbangun juga harus menjadi fokus utama bagi pemerintah daerah terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perkembangan lahan terbangun sejak tahun 1994 hinggga tahun 2019 dengan rentan waktu peneitian dibagi menjadi setiap 10 tahun, serta melihat apakah kondisi eksisting 2019 sudah seuai dengan kebijakan RTRW yang berlaku atau tidak. Pada penelitain ini akan dibutuhkan data primer berupa citra satelit perekaman tahun 1994,2004,2014, dan 2019 dengan menggunakan metode remote sensing. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terdapat faktwa bahwa pertumbuhan lahan terbangun yang terjadi diwilayah Kabupaten Bogor rata-rata sebesar 3%/tahun dan cenderung mengkuti perkembangan infrastruktur jalan khususnya wilayah timur dari Kabupaten Bogor, sedangkan untuk kesesuaianya, kondisi eksisting dibandingkan dengan rencana RTRW yang berlaku presentase luas yang dianjurkan masih dalam kondisi cukup terkontrol.

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Fewster, P. F., and N. L. Andrew. "Interpretation of the diffuse scattering close to Bragg peaks by X-ray topography." Journal of Applied Crystallography 26, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889893006259.

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Perturbations from crystal perfection will result in diffuse X-ray scattering, which can be imaged by topography to yield defect information without the swamping contribution of perfect-crystal scattering. This paper illustrates the importance of the probe shape for obtaining topographic images in this diffuse region not only to aid interpretation but to isolate the contributors to this scattering. The diffuse scattering in the vicinity of the Bragg peaks of GaAs, Si and Ge substrate crystals has been mapped to very high resolution and the diffuse scattering has been imaged by topography. It was found that the majority of the scattering emanates from surface damage and dislocations and not point defects or thermal diffuse scattering (TDS). These latter two components are found to be second-order effects in general and are only just discernable as a very weak background intensity in highly perfect crystals. This topography method is very sensitive to surface damage. This is because the associated diffuse scattering close to a Bragg peak can be used to form an image. Therefore, this relatively intense scattering provides a topograph within a few hours for assessing substrate-surface quality. The sensitivity of the method is illustrated with images of surface defects and dislocations in very perfect semiconductors. A procedure for measuring the diffuse scattering emanating from microdefects is also presented.

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YÜKSEL, Bora, Umut Duygu UZUNEL, Damla AYDIN, and Tuncay KÜSBECİ. "Topographic Changes After Suture Removal in Patients with Penetrating Keratoplasty." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 26, no. 3 (2017): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2016-52506.

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Zängl, Günther, Leonhard Gantner, Gisela Hartjenstein, and Heike Noppel. "Numerical errors above steep topography: A model intercomparison." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 13, no. 2 (May 6, 2004): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2004/0013-0069.

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Świercz, Rafał, Dorota Oniszczuk–Świercz, and Michał Marczak. "Surface texture of HTCS 150 steel after EDM." Mechanik, no. 4 (April 2015): 327/80–327/84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.4.176.

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Grzesik, Wit. "Effect of the machine parts surface topography features on the machine service." Mechanik, no. 8-9 (September 2015): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.8-9.493.

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Szteyn, Stanisław, Barbara Gawrońska, and Teresa Barszczewska. "Bisoniana LXXXIX. Structure and topography of cerebellar nuclei in the European bison." Acta Theriologica 31 (July 10, 1986): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.86-15.

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Corzo Sánchez, Jorge Ramón. "Topografía y ritual en la necrópolis de Cádiz." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 1 (1992): 263–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.1992.i1.13.

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Yamaguchi, Hirotaka, and Hirofumi Matsuhata. "Threading Dislocations in 4H-SiC Observed by Double-Crystal X-Ray Topography." Materials Science Forum 725 (July 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.725.7.

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Threading dislocations in 4H-SiC wafer were observed by using a double crystal X-ray topography technique. The incident beam was collimated by the first crystal so that the angular divergence was reduced to sufficiently smaller than the rocking curve of a diffraction of the specimen (the second crystal). At off-Bragg angles, cross-sectional projection of threading dislocations appeared on the topographic images. From these results, we found that outcrops of the screw dislocation at the wafer surfaces suffered from significant strain, giving strong contrast on the topograph even under the condition, $\vec{g}\cdot\vec{b}=0$. In addition, the edge and screw components in the mixed dislocations were clearly distinguished.

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Yao, Shuhua, Xiaobo Hu, Tao Yan, Hong Liu, Jiyang Wang, Xiaoyong Qin, and Yanfeng Chen. "Twinning structures in near-stoichiometric lithium niobate single crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 2 (March 5, 2010): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809055459.

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A near-stoichiometric lithium niobate single crystal has been grown by the Czochralski method in a hanging double crucible with a continuous powder supply system. Twins were found at one of the three characteristic growth ridges of the as-grown crystal. The twin structure was observed and analyzed by transmission synchrotron topography. The image shifts ΔXand ΔYin the transmission synchrotron topograph were calculated for the 3{\overline 2}{\overline 1}2 and 0\overline 222 reflections based on results from high-resolution X-ray diffractometry. It is confirmed that one of the {01{\overline 1}{\overline 2}}mplanes is the composition face of the twin and matrix crystals. The formation mechanism of these twins is discussed.

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Batista Filho, João Mauricio, Arcilan Trevenzoli Assire, Egidio Arai, Nívea Adriana Dias Pons, and Ramon Freitas. "Avaliação da Acurácia do Produto de Altimetria do Laboratório de Agricultura e Floresta (Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Product of Altimetry of the laboratory of Agriculture and Forest)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 7, no. 4 (November 19, 2014): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.4.p702-709.

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Os dados do Shuttle Radar Thematic Map (SRTM) vêm sendo amplamente utilizados para aplicações em geomorfologia, topografia, estimativas de Tsunami e estudos urbanos, dentre outros. Recentemente, um projeto científico (http://www.dsr.inpe.br/laf/canasat) desenvolveu um aplicativo livre e amigável para visualização instantânea da elevação local dentro do conceito de laboratórios virtuais. Esta ferramenta, chamada de Laboratório de Agricultura e Floresta (LAF) permite estimativas da anisotropia da elevação em torno de um ponto geográfico selecionado. A visualização da anisotropia baseia-se em um gráfico polar de elevação em torno de dois círculos concêntricos, e permite uma visualização rápida da topografia em torno do ponto selecionado. Entretanto, o estudo sobre a confiabilidade deste produto exige verificações quanto a sua acurácia por comparações com medições de alta precisão, como o Sistema Diferencial de Posicionamento Global (DGPS). Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo baseado em dados representativos e considerados verdade de campo, levantado a partir de DGPS, em uma região de relevo complexo no município de Itajubá (MG). Os resultados indicam e eficiência da ferramenta, mas apontam alguns cuidados necessários para a utilização acurada da mesma. A B S T R A C T Since Shuttle Radar Thematic Map (SRTM) data became available, many studies utilized them for applications in geomorphology, topography, vegetation cover studies, tsunami assessment, and urban studies, among others. Recently, a scientific project (http://www.dsr.inpe.br/laf/canasat) engendered on Brazilian National Institute for Space Research, developed a free and friendly tool for instantaneous visualization of local elevation within the concept of a virtual laboratory framework. This tool, named Laboratory of Agriculture and Forest, was build to assess the elevation anisotropy around selected points. The anisotropy visualization is a simple polar plot of elevation around two simple circles, allowing a rapid view of the topography around the selected point. This tool allows interactivity and provides a range of distance between the center of the selected coordinate and the sampled circles. However, overall assessment of the accuracy of this product requires additional regional studies involving accuracy verification methods with higher level of precision, such as the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The study presented in this paper is based on ground truth control collected with DGPS system, with differential base station data, in a mountain in the Itajubá city. The results pointed out to the efficiency of the tool but indicate some necessary care for their accurate use. Keywords: Topography, Elevation, Accuracy.

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