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Journal articles on the topic 'Topographic flow'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Sinha, Surbhi, and Vinay Kumar Rai. "Topographical Characteristics of Lower Barakar Basin: A Geospatial Approach." National Geographical Journal of India 66, no. 1 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1725.

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The evolution and development of a drainage network largely depends upon the surface topography of a landscape. Even topographic attributes such as overland flow, sub-surface flow, stream flow etc. are highly determined by the relief and slope aspects of the basin area. Topography influences evolution of landforms, soil development, vegetation growth, types of settlement, agricultural pattern etc. So it becomes very important to quantify different topographical parameters so that proper watershed management can be done. This work is an attempt to evaluate existing topography of study area usin

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2

Chu, Xuefeng, Xinhua Jia, and Yang Liu. "Quantification of wetting front movement under the influence of surface topography." Soil Research 56, no. 4 (2018): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17071.

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Soil surface topography affects fundamental hydrologic processes, such as infiltration and soil water percolation. Topographic variations potentially alter both the magnitude and directions of unsaturated flow. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of surface topography on wetting front moving patterns under different rainfall and soil conditions through combined experimental and numerical modelling studies. Specifically, laboratory-scale infiltration and unsaturated flow experiments and HYDRUS-2D modelling were conducted for different topographic surfaces, rainfall intensitie

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3

Casas, A., S. N. Lane, D. Yu, and G. Benito. "A method for parameterising roughness and topographic sub-grid scale effects in hydraulic modelling from LiDAR data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (2010): 2261–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-2261-2010.

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Abstract. High resolution airborne laser data provide new ways to explore the role of topographic complexity in hydraulic modelling parameterisation, taking into account the scale-dependency between roughness and topography. In this paper, a complex topography from LiDAR is processed using a spatially and temporally distributed method at a fine resolution. The surface topographic parameterisation considers the sub-grid LiDAR data points above and below a reference DEM, hereafter named as topographic content. A method for roughness parameterisation is developed based on the topographic content

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4

Casas, A., S. N. Lane, D. Yu, and G. Benito. "A method for parameterising roughness and topographic sub-grid scale effects in hydraulic modelling from LiDAR data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 8 (2010): 1567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1567-2010.

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Abstract. High resolution airborne laser data provide new ways to explore the role of topographic complexity in hydraulic modelling parameterisation, taking into account the scale-dependency between roughness and topography. In this paper, a complex topography from LiDAR is processed using a spatially and temporally distributed method at a fine resolution. The surface topographic parameterisation considers the sub-grid LiDAR data points above and below a reference DEM, hereafter named as topographic content. A method for roughness parameterisation is developed based on the topographic content

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5

Shakespeare, Callum J., Brian K. Arbic, and Andrew McC. Hogg. "The Drag on the Barotropic Tide due to the Generation of Baroclinic Motion." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 12 (2020): 3467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0167.1.

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AbstractThe interaction of a barotropic flow with topography generates baroclinic motion that exerts a stress on the barotropic flow. Here, explicit solutions are calculated for the spatial-mean flow (i.e., the barotropic tide) resulting from a spatially uniform but time-varying body force (i.e., astronomical forcing) acting over rough topography. This approach of prescribing the force contrasts with that of previous authors who have prescribed the barotropic flow. It is found that the topographic stress, and thus the impact on the spatial-mean flow, depend on the nature of the baroclinic moti

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6

Richter, Nicole, Massimiliano Favalli, Elske de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, et al. "Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (2016): 1925–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1925-2016.

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Abstract. Lava flow simulations help to better understand volcanic hazards and may assist emergency preparedness at active volcanoes. We demonstrate that at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, such simulations can explain the 2014–2015 lava flow crisis and therefore provide a valuable base to better prepare for the next inevitable eruption. We conducted topographic mapping in the field and a satellite-based remote sensing analysis. We produced the first topographic model of the 2014–2015 lava flow from combined terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and photogrammetric data. This high-resolution topographic in

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7

Kumhálová, J., F. Kumhála, P. Novák, and Š. Matějková. "Airborne laser scanning data as a source of field topographical characteristics ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 9 (2013): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/188/2013-pse.

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One of the factors frequently affecting yields is topography. Topographic data can be obtained from various sources with different precision. This work evaluates suitability of airborne laser scanning data for use as another source of topographical characteristics creation in a smaller scale in regards to precision agriculture needs. Simple models of elevation, slope and flow accumulation were created and the correlation between yield and topography was determined over a seven-year period in relation to precipitations and temperature. The suitability of airborne laser scanning data was proved

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8

Harmon, Brendan Alexander, Helena Mitasova, Anna Petrasova, and Vaclav Petras. "r.sim.terrain 1.0: a landscape evolution model with dynamic hydrology." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 7 (2019): 2837–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2837-2019.

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Abstract. While there are numerical landscape evolution models that simulate how steady-state flows of water and sediment reshape topography over long periods of time, r.sim.terrain is the first to simulate short-term topographic change for both steady-state and dynamic flow regimes across a range of spatial scales. This free and open-source Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based topographic evolution model uses empirical models for soil erosion and a physics-based model for shallow overland water flow and soil erosion to compute short-term topographic change. This model uses either a stea

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9

SANSÓN, L. ZAVALA, A. GONZÁLEZ-VILLANUEVA, and L. M. FLORES. "Evolution and decay of a rotating flow over random topography." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 642 (December 4, 2009): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009991777.

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The evolution and decay of a homogeneous flow over random topography in a rotating system is studied by means of numerical simulations and theoretical considerations. The analysis is based on a quasi-two-dimensional shallow-water approximation, in which the horizontal divergence is explicitly different from zero, and topographic variations are not restricted to be much smaller than the mean depth, as in quasi-geostrophic dynamics. The results are examined by comparing the evolution of a turbulent flow over different random bottom topographies characterized by a specific horizontal scale, or eq

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10

Kim, Namgyun, and Byonghee Jun. "Comparative Analysis of Debris Flow Numerical Simulation Based on the Difference between the Resolution of Topographic Information and Grid Size." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 2 (2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.2.41.

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In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted for the debris flow that occurred in Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, in August 2020, using the difference between the resolution of topographic information and grid size. High-resolution topographic information (0.03 m) was established through photogrammetry. For comparison, the low-resolution topographic information was obtained from the contour lines of the 1:5000 digital map. The topographic information was depicted as a grid, with resolutions of 1, 5, and 10 m, and analyzed by setting the simulation grid size to 1, 5, and 10 m. According to t

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11

Constantinou, Navid C. "A Barotropic Model of Eddy Saturation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 2 (2018): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0182.1.

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AbstractEddy saturation refers to a regime in which the total volume transport of an oceanic current is insensitive to the wind stress strength. Baroclinicity is currently believed to be the key to the development of an eddy-saturated state. In this paper, it is shown that eddy saturation can also occur in a purely barotropic flow over topography, without baroclinicity. Thus, eddy saturation is a fundamental property of barotropic dynamics above topography. It is demonstrated that the main factor controlling the appearance or not of eddy-saturated states in the barotropic setting is the struct

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12

Zou, Xianjian, Chuanying Wang, Huan Song, Zengqiang Han, Zhimin Ma, and Weinbin Hu. "Applications of ultrasound imaging system for measuring water-sand parameters during sediment transport process in hydraulic model experiments." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 2 (2017): 410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.025.

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Abstract Moving particles and the topographic bed under muddy water or in sediment-laden flow are often clouded by suspended sediments, making it hard to detect or analyze for visualization. This paper concerns applications of ultrasound imaging measurement method for the visual measurement of related water-sand parameters during sediment transport process in hydraulic model experiments. We use a B-mode ultrasound imaging system to measure the related parameters of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), underwater topographic riverbed, flow velocity and sediment incipient motion, conducted at

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13

Pegler, Samuel S., Herbert E. Huppert, and Jerome A. Neufeld. "Topographic controls on gravity currents in porous media." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 734 (October 9, 2013): 317–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.466.

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AbstractWe present a theoretical and experimental study of the propagation of gravity currents in porous media with variations in the topography over which they flow, motivated in part by the sequestration of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers. We consider cases where the height of the topography slopes upwards in the direction of the flow and is proportional to the $n\text{th} $ power of the horizontal distance from a line or point source of a constant volumetric flux. In two-dimensional cases with $n\gt 1/ 2$, the current evolves from a self-similar form at early times, when the effects of va

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14

Casassa, G., and H. H. Brecher. "Relief and decay of flow stripes on Byrd Glacier, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 17 (1993): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012933.

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Curvilinear flow stripes appear on aerial photographs and satellite imagery of polar ice. On Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, flow stripes are especially prominent and can be detected on AVHRR imagery down to the ice shelf margin. Aerial photographs of Byrd Glacier (Brecher, 1986) are used to determine photogrammetrically the relief associated with flow stripes on two transverse profiles separated by a distance of 65 km. Two kinds of stripes are found, topographic and textural flow stripes. Topographic flow stripes are associated with a ridge-trough topography with double amplitudes of 7 m to 45 m an

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15

Constantinou, Navid C., and William R. Young. "Beta-plane turbulence above monoscale topography." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 827 (August 24, 2017): 415–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.482.

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Using a one-layer quasi-geostrophic model, we study the effect of random monoscale topography on forced beta-plane turbulence. The forcing is a uniform steady wind stress that produces both a uniform large-scale zonal flow $U(t)$ and smaller-scale macroturbulence characterized by standing and transient eddies. The large-scale flow $U$ is retarded by a combination of Ekman drag and the domain-averaged topographic form stress produced by the eddies. The topographic form stress typically balances most of the applied wind stress, while the Ekman drag provides all of the energy dissipation required

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16

Bashir, Bashar, and Abdullah Alsalman. "Flooding Hazard Vulnerability Assessment Using Remote Sensing Data and Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study from Mekkah Province, Saudi Arabia." Water 16, no. 19 (2024): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16192714.

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Flash floods are catastrophic phenomena that pose a serious risk to coastal infrastructures, towns, villages, and cities. This study assesses the risk of flash floods in the ungauged Mekkah province region based on specific and effective morphometric and topographic features characterizing the study region. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were employed to construct a digital elevation model (DEM) for a detailed analysis, and the geographical information systems software 10.4 (GIS) was utilized to assess the linear, area, and relief aspects of the morphometric parameters. The ArcHy

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17

Merryfield, William J., and Greg Holloway. "Inviscid quasi-geostrophic flow over topography: testing statistical mechanical theory." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 309 (February 25, 1996): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096001565.

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Numerical simulations are employed in a detailed test of the statistical mechanical description of topographic turbulence. Predictions of steady flows correlated with topography are given particular attention. Agreement between numerical and statistical mechanical results is demonstrated for a large range of parameter values, and over an ensemble of random choices of topography and initial conditions.

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18

Bindschadler, Robert, and Hyeungu Choi. "Increased water storage at ice-stream onsets: a critical mechanism?" Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 181 (2007): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756507782202793.

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AbstractThe interdependence of rapid ice flow, surface topography and the spatial distribution of subglacial water are examined by linking existing theories. The motivation is to investigate whether the acceleration of an ice-stream tributary contains a positive feedback that encourages the retention of subglacial water that leads to faster flow. Periodically varying surface and bed topographies are related through a linear ice-flow perturbation theory for various values of mean surface slope, perturbation amplitude and basal sliding speeds. The topographic variations lead to a periodic variat

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19

Ibanez, Ruy, Joseph Kuehl, Kalyan Shrestha, and William Anderson. "Brief communication: A nonlinear self-similar solution to barotropic flow over varying topography." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 25, no. 1 (2018): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-201-2018.

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Abstract. Beginning from the shallow water equations (SWEs), a nonlinear self-similar analytic solution is derived for barotropic flow over varying topography. We study conditions relevant to the ocean slope where the flow is dominated by Earth's rotation and topography. The solution is found to extend the topographic β-plume solution of Kuehl (2014) in two ways. (1) The solution is valid for intensifying jets. (2) The influence of nonlinear advection is included. The SWEs are scaled to the case of a topographically controlled jet, and then solved by introducing a similarity variable, η = cxnx

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20

Ryzhov, E. A., and K. V. Koshel. "Interaction of a monopole vortex with an isolated topographic feature in a three-layer geophysical flow." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 20, no. 1 (2013): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-107-2013.

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Abstract. In the frame of a three-layer, quasi-geostrophic analytical model of an f-plane geophysical flow, the Lagrangian advection induced by the interaction of a monopole vortex with an isolated topographic feature is addressed. Two different cases when the monopole is located either within the upper or the middle layer are of our interest. In the bottom layer, there is a delta-function topographic feature, which generates a closed recirculation region in its vicinity due to the background flow. This recirculation region extends to the middle and upper layers, and it plays the role of a top

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21

Davey, M. K., R. G. A. Hurst, and E. R. Johnson. "Topographic eddies in multilayer flow." Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 18, no. 1-2 (1993): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0265(93)90002-o.

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22

MURAKI, DAVID J. "Large-amplitude topographic waves in 2D stratified flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 681 (June 16, 2011): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.187.

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Our fundamental understanding of steady, stratified flow over two-dimensional (2D) topography rests on the pioneering works of G. Lyra and R. Long. Within linear theory, Lyra established the far-field radiation conditions that determine the downstream pattern of buoyancy waves. Soon after, Long discovered that the steady, nonlinear streamfunction for special cases of stratified, 2D flow could satisfy the same equations as linear theory, subject to an exact topographic boundary condition. Fourier methods are currently used to compute solutions to Long's theory for arbitrary topography in the ne

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23

McKenzie, Marion A., Lauren E. Miller, Jacob S. Slawson, Emma J. MacKie, and Shujie Wang. "Differential impact of isolated topographic bumps on ice sheet flow and subglacial processes." Cryosphere 17, no. 6 (2023): 2477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2477-2023.

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Abstract. Topographic highs (“bumps”) across glaciated landscapes have the potential to temporarily slow ice sheet flow or, conversely, accelerate ice flow through subglacial strain heating and meltwater production. Isolated bumps of variable size across the deglaciated landscape of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) of Washington State present an opportunity to study the influence of topographic highs on ice–bed interactions and ice flow organization. This work utilizes semi-automatic mapping techniques of subglacial bedforms to characterize the morphology of streamlined subglacial bedforms incl

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24

Casassa, G., and H. H. Brecher. "Relief and decay of flow stripes on Byrd Glacier, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 17 (1993): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500012933.

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Curvilinear flow stripes appear on aerial photographs and satellite imagery of polar ice. On Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, flow stripes are especially prominent and can be detected on AVHRR imagery down to the ice shelf margin.Aerial photographs of Byrd Glacier (Brecher, 1986) are used to determine photogrammetrically the relief associated with flow stripes on two transverse profiles separated by a distance of 65 km. Two kinds of stripes are found, topographic and textural flow stripes. Topographic flow stripes are associated with a ridge-trough topography with double amplitudes of 7 m to 45 m and

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25

Smith, R. S., R. D. Moore, M. Weiler, and G. Jost. "Controls on groundwater response and runoff source area dynamics in a snowmelt-dominated montane catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (2013): 2549–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-2549-2013.

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Abstract. The role of spatial variability in water inputs on runoff source area dynamics has generally not received as much research attention as topography and soils; however, the influence of topography and forest cover on snow surface energy exchanges can result in asynchronous snowmelt throughout a catchment complicating the space-time patterns of runoff generation. This study investigates temporal variation in the relative importance of spatial controls on the occurrence, timing, and persistence of shallow groundwater response utilizing a highly distributed monitoring network in a snowmel

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Zavala Sansón, Luis. "Nonlinear and time-dependent equivalent-barotropic flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 871 (May 30, 2019): 925–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.354.

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Some oceanic and atmospheric flows may be modelled as equivalent-barotropic systems, in which the horizontal fluid velocity varies in magnitude at different vertical levels while keeping the same direction. The governing equations at a specific level are identical to those of a homogeneous flow over an equivalent depth, determined by a pre-defined vertical structure. The idea was proposed by Charney (J. Met., vol. 6 (6), 1949, pp. 371–385) for modelling a barotropic atmosphere. More recently, steady, linear formulations have been used to study oceanic flows. In this paper, the nonlinear, time-

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27

Woods, Andrew W. "The topographic control of planetary-scale flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 247 (February 1993): 603–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093000588.

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We develop a theory to describe the topographic control of planetary-scale flows resulting from the variation of the Earth's rotation with latitude. We show that on passing over topography, an inertial, zonal current on an equatorial β-plane may pass through a control at which the flow changes from a subcritical to a supercritical solution branch. Downstream of this control, a transition back to the subcritical solution branch may occur, for example, by the generation of planetary eddies or radiating Rossby waves. We calculate the energy dissipated across such a transition and discuss the rele

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28

MERRYFIELD, WILLIAM J., and GREG HOLLOWAY. "Eddy fluxes and topography in stratified quasi-geostrophic models." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 380 (February 10, 1999): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098003656.

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Turbulent stratified flow over topography is studied using layered quasi-geostrophic models. Mean flows develop under random forcing, with lower-layer mean stream-function positively correlated with topography. When friction is sufficiently small, upper-layer mean flow is weaker than, but otherwise resembles, lower-layer mean flow. When lower-layer friction is larger, upper-layer mean flow reverses and can exceed lower-layer mean flow in strength. The mean interface between layers is domed over topographic elevations. Eddy fluxes of potential vorticity and layer thickness act in the sense of d

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29

Chen, Chien-Yuan, Ho-Wen Chen, and Zhao-Jun Chen. "Determination of Topographic Factors to Initiate Debris Flow Using Statistical Analysis." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 4, no. 6 (2014): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmlc.2014.v6.471.

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Smith, R. S., R. D. Moore, M. Weiler, and G. Jost. "Spatial controls on groundwater response dynamics in a snowmelt-dominated montane catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 5 (2014): 1835–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1835-2014.

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Abstract. The role of spatial variability in water inputs on runoff dynamics has generally not received as much research attention as topography and soils; however, the influence of topography and forest cover on snow surface energy exchanges can result in asynchronous snowmelt throughout a catchment, complicating the space–time patterns of runoff generation. This study investigates temporal variation in the relative importance of spatial controls on the occurrence, duration, and timing of shallow groundwater response, utilizing a highly distributed monitoring network in a snowmelt-dominated m

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31

Satomura, Takehiko. "Topographic Disturbance in Viscous Shear Flow." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 64, no. 5 (1986): 665–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.64.5_665.

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32

Dewar, William K., and Andrew McC Hogg. "Topographic inviscid dissipation of balanced flow." Ocean Modelling 32, no. 1-2 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.03.007.

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Holden, Joseph. "Topographic controls upon soil macropore flow." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34, no. 3 (2009): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1726.

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Egger, Joseph, and Klaus-Peter Hoinka. "Topographic Instability: Tests." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 2 (2008): 670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2311.1.

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Abstract Theories of topographic instability predict growth of perturbations of mean flow and wave modes due to their interaction with mountains under favorable conditions. Mountain torques form an important part of this interaction. It has been suggested that topographic instabilities contribute significantly to the subseasonal variability of the atmosphere but observational tests of topographic instability mechanisms have not yet been performed. Greenland is selected as a test bed because of its isolation, simple shape, and appropriate size. The observed flow development during mountain torq

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Ogundeji, Ayodele, and Ezugwu Nnamdi. "Ecological Impact Assessment of Permanent Site of Federal Polytechnic Oko Using Topographic Survey Method." American Journal of Applied Mathematics 12, no. 5 (2024): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajam.20241205.18.

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Topographic survey based ecological impact assessment provides a mechanism for data integration, development, management and output presentation in a spatial environment. This research involved incorporating spatial data of all salient points at the Permanent Site of Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra state to find a solution to the erosion menace. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) receiver was used to acquire spatial data of buildings, roads, spot height, drainages, catchment pits, etc. The topographic data were processed using ArcGIS software to analyze and produce the topographic

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Giacomone, Gabriel, Cornel Olariu, Eugen Tudor, and Ronald J. Steel. "The influence of topography on subaqueous gravity flows: a case study from the Jurassic Los Molles Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina." Journal of Sedimentary Research 94, no. 5 (2024): 505–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2023.037.

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ABSTRACT Subaqueous sediment gravity flows experience modifications when they interact with slope and basin-floor topography, impacting facies, geometries, and architectural patterns of the deposits. Understanding these processes is critical for reservoir-quality and trap predictions in deep-water stratigraphic plays. A comprehensive literature summary of the topographic influence on subaqueous gravity flows and an interpretation applied to the basin-floor turbidite system of the late synrift Los Molles Formation in the Neuquén Basin of Argentina are provided. In the study area, a high-resolut

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Condie, S. A., and P. B. Rhines. "Topographic Hadley cells." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 280 (December 10, 1994): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209400296x.

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When a rotating fluid over sloping topography is heated from below and/or cooled from above, horizontal temperature gradients develop which drive convection cells aligned with isobaths. We refer to these cells as topographic Hadley cells. Laboratory experiments reveal that sinking occurs in small cyclonic vortices situated in relatively shallow regions. This is balanced by slower upwelling in adjacent deeper regions. The cross-isobath motions which connect the upwelling and downwelling are accelerated by Coriolis forces, resulting in strong jets which follow isobathic contours. For anticlockwi

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Yin, Yan Li, Bo Xu, Mo Wen Xie, and Xiang Yu Liu. "Study on Quantity Calculation and Influencing Simulation of Debris Flow Based on Three-Dimensional Remote Sensing System." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2309.

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Debris flow is a huge geological disaster，the prediction of the quantity of debris flow is very significant. In this paper, combined with three-dimensional (3D) remote sensing image interpretation, a quantitative method has been proposed to calculate the quantity of debris flow. In the catchment of debris flow, the topography has been divided into zero-time valleys and one-time valleys, and the quantity of debris flow is calculated by two analytical ways of the full amount of portative matter and the amount of portative matter only caused by rainfall. In addition, based on the digital elevatio

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Kim, Namgyun, and Byonghee Jun. "Analyzing Debris Flow: Topographical Data and Discharge Rate Study." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 6 (2023): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.6.123.

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This study used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for aerial photogrammetry at the Seonseri debris flow site in Gokseong-gun, triggered by heavy rainfall in August 2020. Survey data facilitated the generation of orthographic images and high-resolution digital surface mode (DSM). Finite difference method (FDM) numerical analysis simulated debris flow, exploring the impact of discharge rate and topographic data among input variables. Applying the rational formula for determining debris flow discharge rate emphasized the significance of maximum rainfall intensity just before the event, with high e

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Zhao, Baojun, and Jiaxin Wang. "Forced solitary wave and vorticity with topography effect in quasi-geostrophic modelling." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 1 (2023): 168781322211402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221140212.

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A forced KdV equation including the special topography effect is derived to describe nonlinear long wave and solitary eddy based on the quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity model. We obtain the theoretical solution of the equation and the concrete form of stream function through perturbation theory and multi-scale analysis methods. It is found that the joint effect of weak shear basic flow and topography can change the cyclone and anticyclone structure of eddy, and in the meantime topographic structure affects the East-West propagation direction of solitary wave. Finally, according to the int

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Dasgupta, Ritabrata, and Nibir Mandal. "Role of double-subduction dynamics in the topographic evolution of the Sunda Plate." Geophysical Journal International 230, no. 1 (2022): 696–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac025.

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SUMMARY The Sunda Plate has shaped itself in a complex tectonic framework, driven by the interactions of multiple subduction zones in its history. Using thermomechanical computational fluid dynamic models we show in this paper how the in-dip double-subduction dynamics has controlled the first-order 3-D topography of this plate, currently bounded by two major N–S trending active trenches: Andaman–Sumatra–Java and Philippines on its western and eastern margins, respectively. We consider six E–W transects to account for an along-trench variation of the subduction parameters: subduction rate (Vc),

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Yin, Zhen, Chen Zuo, Emma J. MacKie, and Jef Caers. "Mapping high-resolution basal topography of West Antarctica from radar data using non-stationary multiple-point geostatistics (MPS-BedMappingV1)." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 4 (2022): 1477–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1477-2022.

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Abstract. The subglacial bed topography is critical for modelling the evolution of Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), where rapid ice loss threatens the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. However, mapping of subglacial topography is subject to uncertainties of up to hundreds of metres, primarily due to large gaps of up to tens of kilometres in airborne ice-penetrating radar flight lines. Deterministic interpolation approaches do not reflect such spatial uncertainty. While traditional geostatistical simulations can model such uncertainty, they become difficult to appl

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Li, Ji, Zhenhua Xu, Zhanjiu Hao, Jia You, Peiwen Zhang, and Baoshu Yin. "Internal Lee Wave Generation from Geostrophic Flow in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 53, no. 11 (2023): 2633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-23-0035.1.

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Abstract Among the global mapping of lee wave generation, a missing piece exists in the northwestern Pacific Ocean (NPO), which features complex topographies and energetic circulations. This study applies Bell’s theory to estimate and map internal lee waves generated by geostrophic flows in the NPO using Mercator Ocean reanalysis data and the full topographic spectra obtained from the latest synthetic bathymetry product. Unlike the dominant contributions from abyssal hills in the Southern Ocean, multiple topographies, including ridges, rises, and continental margins, result in an inhomogeneous

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Wang, Shuya, Xu Chen, Jinhu Wang, Qun Li, Jing Meng, and Yang Xu. "Scattering of Low-Mode Internal Tides at a Continental Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 2 (2019): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0179.1.

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AbstractA series of laboratory experiments are performed to investigate the scattering of low-mode internal tides at a continental shelf by varying the criticality parameter and normalized topographic height independently. A wide-range synchronized particle image velocimetery (PIV) measures the velocity fields of the internal tides. Beams radiate from both the shelf break and the bottom of the slope, indicating that energy transfers from low modes to higher modes, which is verified by the modal decomposition. Energy is also transferred to higher harmonics, whose amplitude is less than a quarte

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Oh, Young-Hun. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-based Digital Topographic Map Production and Flood Flow Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology 21, no. 5 (2020): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26511/jkset.21.5.12.

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Work, Timothy, Onge Benoit St, and Jenna Jacobs. "Response of female beetles to LIDAR derived topographic variables in Eastern boreal mixedwood forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." ZooKeys 147 (November 16, 2011): 623–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2013.

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Biodiversity monitoring is increasingly being bolstered with high resolution data derived from remote sensing such as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). We derived a series of topographical variables, including slope, azimuth, ground curvature and flow accumulation from LIDAR images and compared these to captures of female carabids in pitfall traps in Eastern boreal mixedwood forests. We developed a series of species-specific logistic models predicting the proportion of females for eight dominant species, including <i>Agonum retractum, Calathus ingratus, Platynus decentis, Pterostichus adstr

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Foresti, L., M. Kanevski, and A. Pozdnoukhov. "Data-driven exploration of orographic enhancement of precipitation." Advances in Science and Research 6, no. 1 (2011): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-6-129-2011.

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Abstract. This study presents a methodology to analyse orographic enhancement of precipitation using sequences of radar images and a digital elevation model. Image processing techniques are applied to extract precipitation cells from radar imagery. DEM is used to derive the topographic indices potentially relevant to orographic precipitation enhancement at different spatial scales, e.g. terrain convexity and slope exposure to mesoscale flows. Two recently developed machine learning algorithms are then used to analyse the relationship between the repeatability of precipitation patterns and the

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Spall, Michael A., and Joseph Pedlosky. "Shelf–Open Ocean Exchange Forced by Wind Jets." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 1 (2018): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0161.1.

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AbstractThe general problem of exchange from a shallow shelf across sharp topography to the deep ocean forced by narrow, cross-shelf wind jets is studied using quasigeostrophic theory and an idealized primitive equation numerical model. Interest is motivated by katabatic winds that emanate from narrow fjords in southeast Greenland, although similar topographically constrained wind jets are found throughout the world’s oceans. Because there is no net vorticity input by the wind, the circulation is largely confined to the region near the forcing. Circulation over the shelf is limited by bottom f

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Kozłowski, Michał, and Jolanta Komisarek. "Influence of terrain attributes on organic carbon stocks distribution in soil toposequences of central Poland." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 4 (2018): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0022.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of research on the relationship between topography of undulated morainic plateau of postglacial landscape and distribution of organic carbon stocks in soil toposequences. The mean value of the soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) for Retisols/Luvisols (RT/LV) was statistically lower than for the Phaeozems/Gleysols (PH/GL) but for RT/LV a higher variation of SOCS in comparison to PH/GL was observed. On the basis of Pearson correlation coefficient, the cartographic depth to water (DTW), the topographic wetness index (TWI) and the saga wetness index (SWI) were

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Zhao, Jiajun, Likun Zhang, and Harry L. Swinney. "Topographic height dependence of internal wave generation by tidal flow over random topography." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 19 (2015): 8081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065650.

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