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Journal articles on the topic 'Topographic heterogeneity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Blyth, E. M., J. Finch, M. Robinson, and P. Rosier. "Can soil moisture be mapped onto the terrain?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (2004): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-923-2004.

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Abstract. Soil moisture heterogeneity has an effect on the rainfall–runoff characteristics of a landscape. The aggregate effect on the mean water balance over an area can be quantified successfully using models such as the PDM (Moore, 1986) and TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979). These rainfall–runoff models have been embedded in the large-scale land surface schemes used in meteorological models. However, there is also a requirement (e.g. model validation) to identify the spatial structure of the fine-scale soil moisture heterogeneity that makes up these aggregate models. In some types of lands

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2

Lange, Y., and M. F. Muraski. "Topographic heterogeneity in cholesterol biosynthesis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, no. 19 (1988): 9366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)76550-8.

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Khan, Mohammad R., Nicola Mordan, Mohamed Parkar, Vehid Salih, Nikolaos Donos, and Peter M. Brett. "Atypical Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Responses to Topographic Modifications of Titanium Biomaterials Indicate Cytoskeletal- and Genetic Plasticity-Based Heterogeneity of Cells." Stem Cells International 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5214501.

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Titanium (Ti) is widely used as a biomaterial for endosseous implants due to its relatively inert surface oxide layer that enables implanted devices the ability of assembling tissue reparative components that culminate in osseointegration. Topographic modifications in the form of micro- and nanoscaled structures significantly promote osseointegration and enhance the osteogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). While the biological mechanisms central to the differential responses of tissues and cells to Ti surface modifications remain unknown, adhesion and morphological

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4

Revenaugh, Justin, and Hal Mendoza. "Mapping shallow heterogeneity with teleseismic P to Rg scattered waves." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 4 (1996): 1194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860041194.

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Abstract Over 9000 records of teleseismic P-wave coda from the Southern California Seismic Network are used to map lateral variations in P to Rg scattering strength and the group velocity of scattered Rg. Building on the results of Revenaugh (1995a), we use the correlation of scattering strength and topographic roughness as an indicator of model fit to estimate group-velocity dispersion over five frequency bands between 0 and 3 Hz. Rg group velocity displays normal dispersion, decreasing from 2.7 ± 0.3 km/sec for frequencies between 0 and 0.6 Hz to a low of 2.2 ± 0.4 km/sec for the 2.0 to 3.0

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Wang, Lei, Fei-Xue Zhang, Lan-Ping Li, Chun-Jing Wang, and Ji-Zhong Wan. "Effects of Habitat Heterogeneity and Topographic Variation on Insect Pest Risks in Alpine Regions." Land 12, no. 7 (2023): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071314.

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Insect pests pose a significant threat to alpine ecosystems, especially under rapid environmental change conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the effects of environmental factors on insect pest risks and provide methods for pest management in alpine regions. Habitat heterogeneity and topographic variation are the indicators of insect pest risks. However, few studies have explored the effects of habitat heterogeneity and topographic variation on insect pest risks in alpine regions. We used species distribution modeling (i.e., maxent modeling) to project the distributions of insect

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Diefenderfer, Heida L., Ian A. Sinks, Shon A. Zimmerman, Valerie I. Cullinan, and Amy B. Borde. "Designing topographic heterogeneity for tidal wetland restoration." Ecological Engineering 123 (November 2018): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.07.027.

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7

Antonio, Anderson Igomar, Junior Admir Cesar de Oliveira, Fabricio Villalobos, and Santiago José Elías Velazco. "Environmental heterogeneity as a determinant of bee diversity patterns in the Atlantic Forest." Frontiers of Biogeography 18 (May 22, 2025): e142410. https://doi.org/10.21425/fob.18.142410.

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The Atlantic Forest encompasses a wide range of environmental and geographical gradients with high endemism and species diversity among several taxonomic groups, including bees. Environmental heterogeneity is a determining factor for species diversity, as environments with greater heterogeneity tend to offer a greater variety of conditions, thus supporting higher species richness. However, bee richness patterns and their relationship with environmental heterogeneity in the Atlantic Forest remain underexplored. In this study, we aimed to describe the bee diversity patterns and investigate how d

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Gaffet, Stéphane, and Bernard Massinon. "Far-field seismogram perturbations induced by topographic heterogeneity." Geophysical Research Letters 24, no. 24 (1997): 3313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97gl02977.

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Olliff‐Yang, Rachael L., and David D. Ackerly. "Topographic heterogeneity lengthens the duration of pollinator resources." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 17 (2020): 9301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6617.

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Tesfa, Teklu K., and Lai-Yung Ruby Leung. "Exploring new topography-based subgrid spatial structures for improving land surface modeling." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 2 (2017): 873–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-873-2017.

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Abstract. Topography plays an important role in land surface processes through its influence on atmospheric forcing, soil and vegetation properties, and river network topology and drainage area. Land surface models with a spatial structure that captures spatial heterogeneity, which is directly affected by topography, may improve the representation of land surface processes. Previous studies found that land surface modeling, using subbasins instead of structured grids as computational units, improves the scalability of simulated runoff and streamflow processes. In this study, new land surface s

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Delval, Louis, Jordan Bates, François Jonard, and Mathieu Javaux. "Field heterogeneity of soil texture controls leaf water potential spatial distribution predicted from UAS-based vegetation indices in non-irrigated vineyards." Biogeosciences 22, no. 2 (2025): 513–34. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-513-2025.

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Abstract. Grapevine water status exhibits substantial variability even within a single vineyard. Understanding how edaphic, topographic, and climatic conditions impact grapevine water status heterogeneity at the field scale, in non-irrigated vineyards, is essential for winemakers as it significantly influences wine quality. This study aimed to quantify the spatial distribution of grapevine leaf water potential (Ψleaf) within vineyards and to assess the influence of soil property heterogeneity, topography, and climatic conditions on intra-field variability in two non-irrigated vineyards during

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Gardiner, Tim, and Dorothy Casey. "Topographic heterogeneity influences diversity and abundance of Orthoptera in a rewilding scheme." Journal of Orthoptera Research 33, no. 2 (2024): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.119897.

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Rewilding aims to restore ‘self-willed’ ecosystems involving the creation of habitats subject to stochastic disturbance connected by favorable corridors for dispersal of animals, including insects. Reversion of arable land to grassland and scrub habitats adjacent to Arger Fen nature reserve in Suffolk (southeast England) through non-intervention allowed succession to occur largely unmanaged on fields with differing topography, from flat terrain to slopes. Monitoring of Orthoptera revealed statistical evidence that species diversity and richness was greater on the steeper slopes (gradient &

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Miranda-Gallegos, Katia V., Armando Navarrete-Segueda, Jorge Cortés-Flores, M. Lourdes González-Arqueros, Estefanía E. Acosta-Pérez, and Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez. "Landscape heterogeneity drives spatial distribution of palm community in a Neotropical rainforest reserve affected by defaunation." Botanical Sciences 101, no. 3 (2023): 654–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3204.

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Background: Our study presents the first assessment of the relationships between environmental heterogeneity and the palm community at the landscape scale at the northern boundary of tropical rainforest distribution in America. Question: How does landscape-level heterogeneity (edaphic, topographic as well as the density, diversity, and tree biomass) shapes the palm community in a protected reserve affected by defaunation? Study site and date: The study was carried out in Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz, Mexico (2020). Methods: We delineated landscape units (LUs

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Chiba, Susumu, and Takashi Noda. "Factors maintaining topography-related mosaic of barnacle and mussel on a rocky shore." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 4 (2000): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002435.

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Substratum heterogeneity on rocky shores can affect the distribution pattern of sessile epibenthic organisms. The rocky shore at Usujiri, southern Hokkaido, Japan, is composed of well-developed, columnar jointed dolerites. In this area, landscape is characterized by a mosaic of barnacle and mussels, where species composition in patches differs among typical topographic-classes, i.e. barnacles dominate on horizontal planes and vertical planes while mussels only inhabit in grooves. To determine the factors maintaining those distribution patterns, the recruitment of dominant sessile species in th

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Gardiner, Tim, and Dorothy Casey. "Topographic heterogeneity influences diversity and abundance of Orthoptera in a rewilding scheme." Journal of Orthoptera Research 33, no. (2) (2024): 255–66. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.119897.

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Rewilding aims to restore 'self-willed' ecosystems involving the creation of habitats subject to stochastic disturbance connected by favorable corridors for dispersal of animals, including insects. Reversion of arable land to grassland and scrub habitats adjacent to Arger Fen nature reserve in Suffolk (southeast England) through non-intervention allowed succession to occur largely unmanaged on fields with differing topography, from flat terrain to slopes. Monitoring of Orthoptera revealed statistical evidence that species diversity and richness was greater on the steeper slopes (gradient >

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16

Somarakis, Stylianos, Stamatina Isari, and Athanassios Machias. "Larval fish assemblages in coastal waters of central Greece: reflections of topographic and oceanographic heterogeneity." Scientia Marina 75, no. 3 (2011): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2011.75n3605.

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MA, Jianchao, Guangfa LIN, Youfei CHEN, and Junming CHEN. "The Effect of Terrain Heterogeneity on Topographic Wetness Index." Geo-information Science 13, no. 2 (2011): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1047.2011.00157.

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Kulmány, István Mihály, László Bede, Dávid Stencinger, et al. "Challenges in Mapping Soil Variability Using Apparent Soil Electrical Conductivity under Heterogeneous Topographic Conditions." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (2024): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061161.

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Site-specific management requires the identification of treatment areas based on homogeneous characteristics. This study aimed to determine whether soil mapping based on apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is suitable for mapping soil properties of fields with topographic heterogeneity. Research was conducted on two neighbouring fields in Fejér county, Hungary, with contrasting topographic heterogeneity. To characterise the spatial variability of soil attributes, ECa was measured and supplemented by obtaining soil samples and performing soil profile analysis. The relationship between E

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Fang, Yilin, L. Ruby Leung, Charles D. Koven, et al. "Modeling the topographic influence on aboveground biomass using a coupled model of hillslope hydrology and ecosystem dynamics." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 20 (2022): 7879–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7879-2022.

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Abstract. Topographic heterogeneity and lateral subsurface flow at the hillslope scale of ≤1 km may have outsized impacts on tropical forest through their impacts on water available to plants under water-stressed conditions. However, vegetation dynamics and finer-scale hydrologic processes are not concurrently represented in Earth system models. In this study, we integrate the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model (ELM) that includes the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), with a three-dimensional hydrology model (ParFlow) to explicitly resolve hillsl

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Bindschadler, Robert, and Hyeungu Choi. "Increased water storage at ice-stream onsets: a critical mechanism?" Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 181 (2007): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756507782202793.

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AbstractThe interdependence of rapid ice flow, surface topography and the spatial distribution of subglacial water are examined by linking existing theories. The motivation is to investigate whether the acceleration of an ice-stream tributary contains a positive feedback that encourages the retention of subglacial water that leads to faster flow. Periodically varying surface and bed topographies are related through a linear ice-flow perturbation theory for various values of mean surface slope, perturbation amplitude and basal sliding speeds. The topographic variations lead to a periodic variat

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Foster, Neil, John Spoelstra, Paul Hazlett, et al. "Heterogeneity in soil nitrogen within first-order forested catchments at the Turkey Lakes Watershed." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 4 (2005): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-016.

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Topographic positional regulation of nitrogen (N) dynamics in soil within Canadian Shield headwaters, located in calibrated catchments containing mature, tolerant hardwood forest, was examined to determine how N pools, mineralization, nitrification, and leaching in soil relate to N export in drainage waters. A uniformly high net N mineralization and nitrification potential for surficial soil layers rich in organic N was demonstrated for ridge, upper-middle slope, and lower slope footslope topographic positions. Results from plot-scale studies revealed that NO3 concentrations in soil water f

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Liao, Dan, Jingjing Lei, Yingni Wang, Yuxin Bao, Xinna Zhang, and Juan Wang. "Sex-Specific Responses of Sexual Reproduction, Clonal Reproduction, and Vegetative Growth to Environmental (Biotic and Abiotic) Factors in the Clonal Dioecious Plant Acer barbinerve." Plants 14, no. 4 (2025): 596. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040596.

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Sexual dimorphism in dioecious plants serves as a critical adaptive strategy in complex environments. This study systematically investigated the effects of topographic factors (elevation, slope, aspect, and convexity), soil nutrients (C, N, P), and interspecific competition intensity on the reproductive strategies and vegetative growth of the clonal dioecious plant, Acer barbinerve. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, multiple regression models, and PLS-PM path models, key findings include the following: (1) female sexual reproduction biomass showed a significant positive correlation with t

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Carreno-Luengo, Hugo, Guido Luzi, and Michele Crosetto. "First Evaluation of Topography on GNSS-R: An Empirical Study Based on a Digital Elevation Model." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (2019): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212556.

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Understanding the effects of Earth’s surface topography on Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) space-borne data is important to calibrate experimental measurements, so as to provide accurate soil moisture content (SMC) retrievals. In this study, several scientific observables obtained from delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) ⟨ | Y r , t o p o ( τ , f ) | 2 ⟩ generated on board the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission were evaluated as a function of several topographic parameters derived from a digital elevation model (DEM). This assessment was performed as a

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Guichard, F., and E. Bourget. "Topographic heterogeneity, hydrodynamics, and benthic community structure:a scale-dependent cascade." Marine Ecology Progress Series 171 (1998): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps171059.

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Mota, Rogerio P., Elson de Campos, Eleasar M. Marins, Emerson F. Lucena, Francisco C. L. Melo, and Mauricio A. Algatti. "The Use of Elevation Map Histograms for Topographic Heterogeneity Analysis." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 26, no. 7 (2012): 2529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-012-1699-6.

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Brown, C., D. F. R. P. Burslem, J. B. Illian, et al. "Multispecies coexistence of trees in tropical forests: spatial signals of topographic niche differentiation increase with environmental heterogeneity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1764 (2013): 20130502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0502.

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Neutral and niche theories give contrasting explanations for the maintenance of tropical tree species diversity. Both have some empirical support, but methods to disentangle their effects have not yet been developed. We applied a statistical measure of spatial structure to data from 14 large tropical forest plots to test a prediction of niche theory that is incompatible with neutral theory: that species in heterogeneous environments should separate out in space according to their niche preferences. We chose plots across a range of topographic heterogeneity, and tested whether pairwise spatial

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Katona, Branden, Paul Markowski, Curtis Alexander, and Stanley Benjamin. "The Influence of Topography on Convective Storm Environments in the Eastern United States as Deduced from the HRRR." Weather and Forecasting 31, no. 5 (2016): 1481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0038.1.

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Abstract Relatively little is known about how topography affects convective storms. The first step toward understanding these effects is to investigate how topography affects storm environments. Unfortunately, the effects of topography on convective environments are not easily observed directly. Instead, it is necessary to resort to using output from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR). The HRRR’s 3-km grid spacing can resolve some of the larger-scale topographic effects. Popular convective storm forecasting parameters obtained from the HRRR are averaged on convective days from February t

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Yi, Lu, Wan-Chang Zhang, and Chang-An Yan. "A modified topographic index that incorporates the hydraulic and physical properties of soil." Hydrology Research 48, no. 2 (2016): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.119.

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Aiming at quantifying the impacts of soil properties on rainfall–runoff processes, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the soil erodibility factor (K) were selected and incorporated into the classical topographic index ln(α/tanβ) (TI) to construct a modified topographic index (TI′). Stream network extractions and performance evaluations of topography-based hydrological models based on TI and TI′ were carried out in three watersheds with different climate conditions. The investigations indicated that: (1) the changes of stream networks caused by the incorporation of Ks·K could co

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Zhang, Dinghai, Youyi Zhao, Haidi Qi, Lishan Shan, Guopeng Chen, and Ting Ning. "Effects of Micro-Topography and Vegetation on Soil Moisture on Fixed Sand Dunes in Tengger Desert, China." Plants 13, no. 11 (2024): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13111571.

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Soil moisture is a key factor in arid ecosystems, with local variations influenced by topography and vegetation. Understanding this relationship is crucial for combating desertification. Employing ANOVA, Mean Decrease Accuracy (MDA) analysis from random forest modeling and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study investigates the distribution of soil moisture and its associations with topographic and vegetative factors across four micro-geomorphic units in the Tengger Desert, China. Significant heterogeneity in soil moisture across various layers and locations, including windward and lee

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Lindsay, John B., Daniel R. Newman, and Anthony Francioni. "Scale-Optimized Surface Roughness for Topographic Analysis." Geosciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070322.

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Surface roughness is a terrain parameter that has been widely applied to the study of geomorphological processes. One of the main challenges in studying roughness is its highly scale-dependent nature. Determining appropriate mapping scales in topographically heterogenous landscapes can be difficult. A method is presented for estimating multiscale surface roughness based on the standard deviation of surface normals. This method utilizes scale partitioning and integral image processing to isolate scales of surface complexity. The computational efficiency of the method enables high scale sampling

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Al Mutairi, Mohammed, Michael Smith, Abdulaziz R. Alqahtani, Zaffar Rais Mir, Riyaz Ahmed, and Saad Alsubaie. "Reptile richness and topographic heterogeneity in the 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid Protected Area, southern Saudi Arabia." Reptiles & Amphibians 31, no. 1 (2024): e21181. https://doi.org/10.17161/randa.v31i1.21181.

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An important goal of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Green Initiative is to increase the percentage ofprotected areas. In terms of Saudi Arabian wildlife, reptiles have been identified as an important element for protection,although their status and distributions are not clearly understood. Herein we report the findings from a survey of reptilesconducted in the ’Uruq Bani Ma’arid Protected Area in southern Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a robust-styledesign and analyzed with multi-species occupancy modelling. Eighteen species were detected, and species occupancyand species richness were

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Elschot, Kelly, and Jan Bakker. "Dynamics of Small-Scale Topographic Heterogeneity in European Sandy Salt Marshes." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse4010021.

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Larkin, Daniel J., Sharook P. Madon, Janelle M. West, and Joy B. Zedler. "TOPOGRAPHIC HETEROGENEITY INFLUENCES FISH USE OF AN EXPERIMENTALLY RESTORED TIDAL MARSH." Ecological Applications 18, no. 2 (2008): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1984.1.

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Sun, Qian, Yu-Qiu Jiang, and Melissa C. Lu. "Topographic heterogeneity of intrinsic excitability in mouse hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 4 (2020): 1270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00147.2020.

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Area CA3 is a major hippocampal region that is classically thought to act as a homogeneous neural network vital for spatial navigation and episodic memories. Here, we report that CA3 pyramidal neurons exhibit marked heterogeneity of somatodendritic morphology and cellular electrical properties along both proximodistal and dorsoventral axes. These new results uncover a complex, yet orderly, pattern of topographic organization of CA3 neuronal features that may contribute to its in vivo functional diversity.

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Liu, Lin, Hao Tian, Xueying Zhang, et al. "Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Glacier Mass Balance on the Northern and Southern Slopes of the Central Tianshan Mountains, China." Water 14, no. 10 (2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101601.

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Glacier mass balance can visually indicate the degree of glacier response to climate change. The mountain glaciers are an essential source of recharge for rivers in arid regions and play a vital role in maintaining regional ecological stability and production life. This paper drives a spatially distributed degree-day model using multi-source remote sensing data such as MOD11C3 and TRMM3B43 to simulate the mass balance in the Tianshan Mountains’ south and north slope basins. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the mass balance was compared and attributed using a Geographical detector. The resul

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Panday, Suman, and Jia-Jyun Dong. "Topographical features of rainfall-triggered landslides in Mon State, Myanmar, August 2019: spatial distribution heterogeneity and uncommon large relative heights." Landslides 18, no. 12 (2021): 3875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01758-7.

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AbstractContinuous 5-day (August 4–9, 2019) torrential rainfall in the monsoon season triggered more than 90 landslides on northwest-southeast extended mountain range of Mon State, Myanmar. In this study, remote sensing images, DEM, and limited fieldworks were used to create the landslide inventory. The topography features of these landslides are analyzed via ArcGIS. The largest one occurred on 9 August 2019 and caused 75 deaths and 27 buildings were damaged. This landslide occurred on gentle topography (slope angle, 23°) with long run-out, in which the angle of reach was relatively low (10°).

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Panday, Suman, and Jia-Jyun Dong. "Topographical features of rainfall-triggered landslides in Mon State, Myanmar, August 2019: spatial distribution heterogeneity and uncommon large relative heights." Landslides 18, no. 12 (2021): 3875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01758-7.

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AbstractContinuous 5-day (August 4–9, 2019) torrential rainfall in the monsoon season triggered more than 90 landslides on northwest-southeast extended mountain range of Mon State, Myanmar. In this study, remote sensing images, DEM, and limited fieldworks were used to create the landslide inventory. The topography features of these landslides are analyzed via ArcGIS. The largest one occurred on 9 August 2019 and caused 75 deaths and 27 buildings were damaged. This landslide occurred on gentle topography (slope angle, 23°) with long run-out, in which the angle of reach was relatively low (10°).

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Milojkovic, Boban, and Jasmina Jovanovic. "Method of topographic inventarization and GPS technology in geospatial modeling." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 98, no. 2 (2018): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1802059m.

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By the use of digital cartographic visualization, a wide range of relevant data can be systematically integrated, presented and analyzed. In particular, this refers to the connection between thematic and topographic maps and their application in the study of the environment. The specific purpose of the map implies that in certain situations there is no clear difference between the thematic and topographic maps, that is, there is no clear boundary between the thematic and the topographic content of the representation. The paper points to the importance of modeling geoenvironmental data (topogra

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Zeng, Xiangzhao, and Chuanrong Li. "The Influence of Heterogeneity on Lunar Irradiance Based on Multiscale Analysis." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (2019): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222696.

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The Moon is a stable light source for the radiometric calibration of satellite sensors. It acts as a diffuse panel that reflects sunlight in all directions, however, the lunar surface is heterogeneous due to its topography and different mineral content and chemical composition at different locations, resulting in different optical properties. In order to perform radiometric calibration using the Moon, a lunar irradiance model using different observation geometry is required. Currently, two lunar irradiance models exist, namely, the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) and the Miller and Turner 200

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Morzaria-Luna, Luna, J. C. Callaway, G. Sullivan, and J. B. Zedler. "Relationship between topographic heterogeneity and vegetation patterns in a Californian salt marsh." Journal of Vegetation Science 15, no. 4 (2004): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02291.x.

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Robert, Audrey, and Marie-Agnès Moravie. "Topographic variation and stand heterogeneity in a wet evergreen forest of India." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 6 (2003): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403006096.

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We investigated the links between slope variation and heterogeneity in tree growth and stand structure. The study was conducted in an undisturbed wet evergreen forest in India. We selected three plots situated on gentle slopes and three plots situated on steep slopes. Tree growth was considered as mean annual diameter increment. Stand structure was considered in relation to several characteristics: trunk diameter distributions, tree heights, and spatial distributions of stems and crowns. Except for the spatial structure, analyses were performed on samples including either all the species or on

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Rabl, Dominik, Brigitte Gottsberger, Gunnar Brehm, Florian Hofhansl, and Konrad Fiedler. "Moth assemblages in Costa Rica rain forest mirror small‐scale topographic heterogeneity." Biotropica 52, no. 2 (2020): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12677.

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Deák, Balázs, Orsolya Valkó, Péter Török, et al. "Micro-topographic heterogeneity increases plant diversity in old stages of restored grasslands." Basic and Applied Ecology 16, no. 4 (2015): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2015.02.008.

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Liu, Zhao, Xingjian Zhang, Shuang Zhao, Panpan Liu, and Jinxiu Liu. "Spatial Heterogeneity of Mountain Greenness and Greening in the Tibetan Plateau: From a Remote Sensing Perspective." Forests 16, no. 4 (2025): 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16040576.

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As an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, mountain vegetation serves as an indicator of climate change. Due to the sensitivity of the Tibetan Plateau Mountains (TPM) to climate change and their ecological fragility, their vegetation dynamics (greenness and greening) have become a hot spot issue in global environmental change. Topography is a relatively stable environmental factor that shapes vegetation by creating localized microenvironments. However, existing research primarily focuses on the effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamics. Therefore, a more c

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Rangel, Thiago F., Neil R. Edwards, Philip B. Holden, et al. "Modeling the ecology and evolution of biodiversity: Biogeographical cradles, museums, and graves." Science 361, no. 6399 (2018): eaar5452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5452.

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Individual processes shaping geographical patterns of biodiversity are increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales remain beyond the reach of analytical models and traditional experiments. To meet this challenge, we built a spatially explicit, mechanistic simulation model implementing adaptation, range shifts, fragmentation, speciation, dispersal, competition, and extinction, driven by modeled climates of the past 800,000 years in South America. Experimental topographic smoothing confirmed the impact of climate heterogeneity on diversification.

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Wang, Wanli, Zhen Zhang, Yangyang Wang, et al. "Multi-Scenario Prediction of Dynamic Responses of the Carbon Sink Potential in Land Use/Land Cover Change in Areas with Steep Slopes." Applied Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031319.

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Terrestrial ecosystems are vital carbon sinks that can effectively restrain the rise in CO2 in the atmosphere. How ecosystem carbon storage (CS) in semi-arid watershed areas with slow urbanization is affected by comprehensive factors of the environment and land use, along with its temporal and spatial changes has still not been fully explored. Notably, there is a paucity of research on the temporal and spatial changes and development trends of CS in the rapid deformation belt of slopes from the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau to the Loess Plateau. Taking Bailong River Basin (BRB) a

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Knapp, Eric E., and Jon E. Keeley. "Heterogeneity in fire severity within early season and late season prescribed burns in a mixed-conifer forest." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 1 (2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf04068.

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Structural heterogeneity in forests of the Sierra Nevada was historically produced through variation in fire regimes and local environmental factors. The amount of heterogeneity that prescription burning can achieve might now be more limited owing to high fuel loads and increased fuel continuity. Topography, woody fuel loading, and vegetative composition were quantified in plots within replicated early and late season burn units. Two indices of fire severity were evaluated in the same plots after the burns. Scorch height ranged from 2.8 to 25.4 m in early season plots and 3.1 to 38.5 m in late

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Lanterna, Luigi Andrea, Alessandro Lunghi, Svetlana Martchenko, Paolo Gritti, Giuseppe Bonaldi, and Francesco Biroli. "Cerebral watershed hypoperfusion in subarachnoid hemorrhage: computed tomography perfusion analysis." Journal of Neurosurgery 114, no. 4 (2011): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.8.jns091766.

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Object A better understanding of the pathophysiology of vasospasm-induced delayed cerebral ischemia and earlier detection of hypoperfusion before ischemic injury are needed to guide therapy in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The cerebrovascular physiology of the major arterial territories differs from that of the watershed zones (WZs) in a way that would suggest a differential topographic sensitivity of the brain to vasospasm. The primary end point of the study was to investigate the vasospasm-induced hypoperfusion in relation to cerebrovascular topography and timing from the onset of SAH. Meth

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Zhao, Wei, and Ainong Li. "A Review on Land Surface Processes Modelling over Complex Terrain." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/607181.

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Complex terrain, commonly represented by mountainous region, occupies nearly one-quarter of the Earth’s continental areas. An accurate understanding of water cycle, energy exchange, carbon cycle, and many other biogeophysical or biogeochemical processes in this area has become more and more important for climate change study. Due to the influences from complex topography and rapid variation in elevation, it is usually difficult for field measurements to capture the land-atmosphere interactions well, whereas land surface model (LSM) simulation provides a good alternative. A systematic review is

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WU, KUNPENG, SHIYIN LIU, ZONGLI JIANG, JUNLI XU, and JUNFENG WEI. "Glacier mass balance over the central Nyainqentanglha Range during recent decades derived from remote-sensing data." Journal of Glaciology 65, no. 251 (2019): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.20.

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ABSTRACTTo obtain information on changes in glacier mass balance in the central Nyainqentanglha Range, a comprehensive study was carried out based on digital-elevation models derived from the 1968 topographic maps, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM (2000) and TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X (2013). Glacier area changes between 1968 and 2016 were derived from topographic maps and Landsat OLI images. This showed the area contained 715 glaciers, with an area of 1713.42 ± 51.82 km2, in 2016. Ice cover has been shrinking by 0.68 ± 0.05% a−1 since 1968. The glacier area covered by debris accounted for 11

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