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Journal articles on the topic 'Topographic map'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Akiyama, Yukihide, and Izumi Sakamoto. "The topography of the world by IN-YOU-ZU." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-5-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The map which shows the large-scale topography on the earth is made variously even now. We made a Topographic map as IN-YOU-ZU from topographic data, too. An ambiguous part became easy to judge by a result and conventional expression method. A study of the map world is developed by using IN-YOU-ZU as a background map, and We will think with explication of the topography structure and expect scientific progress. A made Topographic map is using exhibited topographic public data. When more in-depth data can be used, it's expected that the precision

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2

Peresadko, Vilina, Kyrylo Bibik, Vladyslav Popov, Nataliia Popovych, Borys Shulika, and Kostiantyn Priiadka. "Express course “Topography for the military”: necessity, tasks, problems." Geographical Education and Cartography, no. 37 (August 1, 2023): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-1893-2023-37-02.

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The purpose of this article is to present the structure and content of a short express course on topography, namely on working with a topographic map for the military. Main material. The inferior attitude towards Geography as a science and educational discipline on the part of education officials has led to the fact that over the past 20 years, the geographical, in particular, topographical literacy of Ukrainians has dropped sharply. The paper discusses the reasons for the poor topographical training of the military, in particular, rank and file, and the problems caused by this. The authors ha

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3

Yosanny, Agustinna, Muhammad Ismail, and Handoko Said. "Perancangan Augmented Reality untuk Peta Topografi." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 2 (2013): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2587.

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Topography is the science about the earth's surface and other objects such as planets, satellites, and asteroids. Topography is studied at school and is found quite difficult to understand because it requires imagination to understand the meaning of contour maps as well as the lines. To motivate students in learning topography,we design an learning application of interactive topographic map with 3D features using Augmented reality technology. In this research we implement analysis and design method. The result achieved is a learning topographic map application based on augmented reality. The c

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4

Ivanov, Sabin. "DETERMINING THE SCALE OF A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 13, no. 1 (2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v13i1.237.

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Hamad, Salah. "Updating Topographic Maps at Scale 1:250000 for Libyan Territory Using Quantum GIS (QGIS) and Open Geospatial Data: Libya Topo-Project." Journal of Geographical Studies 4, no. 1 (2020): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj5.20040103.

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From the beginning of the twentieth century, topographic maps for the Libyan state carried out by various compilers, where the first mapping was carried out by the Italian Military Geographical Institute, the Soviet Union Military, and the U.S. Army, followed by mapping carried out by the Libyan state from the 1950s to the 2000s. Most of these maps have not been digitized and updated using the techniques of geographic information systems and remote sensing. This paper discusses on the objectives, methodology and results of the Libya Topography Project, “Libya Topo” for updating the previously

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LAZORENKO-HEVEL, N., Yu KARPINKYI, and D. KIN. "Creation (updating) digital topographic maps for the forming the main state topographic map." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 41, no. I (2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-113-122.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to research the peculiarities of creation (updating) of digital topographic maps at the scale of 1:50 000/1:10 000 which would satisfy the requirements for the development of the seamless Topographic Database of the Main State Topographic Map at the scale of 1:50 000. Methodology. The basis for the research is the analysis of the possibilities of applying the theory of databases and knowledge bases, International Standards and specifications and vectorization method. Results. The article examines the peculiarities of creation (updating) digital topographi

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7

Hines, P. J. "NEUROSCIENCE: Topographic Map Labels." Science 288, no. 5464 (2000): 229f—229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5464.229f.

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TREVOHO, I., and A. MARTYN. "Approaches to assessing economic efficiency of Ukraine territory mapping." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 41, no. I (2021): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-41-23-24.

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Approaches to assessing economic efficiency of Ukraine territory topography mapping at the scale 1:10000 is considered. The main economical benefits of topographic map creation is defined and an attempt has been made to assess some advantages of topographic mapping.

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9

Ali, Amal Mahdi. "Making Different Topographic Maps with the Surfer Software Package." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 1 (2024): 12556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6525.

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The main objective of this study is to describe the preparation of topographic maps using the Surfer software. A total of 159 regularly distributed Ground Control Points (GCPs) were collected with the use of the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Seven methods (Contour Map, Post Map, 3D Surface Map, 3D Wireframe Maps, Grid Vector-1 Map, Color Relief Map, and Shaded Relief Maps) at the Surfer environment were used to prepare the topographic maps at the Mukhtar Village near the Al-Fallujah City. Contour lines with other features were superimposed on the DEM layer, which refers to the

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10

Suzuki, Keiko, and Go Ishikawa. "GIS-based hillshade representation combined with relative relief as pseudo shade to enhance micro-topography." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-358-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Hillshade is a useful terrain representation that can express complicated topographic features on a map in 3D. However, the visual effects depend on the azimuth and the altitude of the light source corresponding to the target area. The purpose of this study is to provide a new method of GIS-based hillshade which can recognize various topographies in greater detail while reducing the dependency on the light source. The azimuth dependency of the light source can be traced back to the time of handwritten mapping, when cartographers combined multiple

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11

Wedikandage, Lanka. "Developing Topographic Map Study Skills in Advanced-Level Geography Students: A Teacher’s Experiences." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. I (2024): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.801047.

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Map work is a core component of the geography curriculum, but it presents unique challenges for both students and teachers. Students must have a high level of cognitive and conceptual development to read and interpret a map. Teachers, too, often find it difficult to instill the necessary skills for graphic literacy. The unique challenges associated with topographic map study skills are highly relevant to the choice of this subject. The primary goal of this study was to help advanced-level geography students improve their topographic map study skills. For this study, the action research method

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Imai, Takeshi, Takahiro Yamazaki, Reiko Kobayakawa, et al. "Pre-Target Axon Sorting Establishes the Neural Map Topography." Science 325, no. 5940 (2009): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1173596.

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Sensory information detected by the peripheral nervous system is represented as a topographic map in the brain. It has long been thought that the topography of the map is determined by graded positional cues that are expressed by the target. Here, we analyzed the pre-target axon sorting for olfactory map formation in mice. In olfactory sensory neurons, an axon guidance receptor, Neuropilin-1, and its repulsive ligand, Semaphorin-3A, are expressed in a complementary manner. We found that expression levels of Neuropilin-1 determined both pre-target sorting and projection sites of axons. Olfactor

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Yang, Jiannan, Yong Yin, Dengmao Fang, and Fengjiao Zheng. "An Automatic Derivation Method for Creation of Complex Map Symbols in a Topographic Map." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 3 (2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12030103.

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The topographic map plays a very important role in economic construction. In the process of drawing topographic maps, different symbols represent different ground objects, but the symbols representing complex ground objects are often complicated and difficult to create. Moreover, the creation process of complex map symbols can seriously affect the efficiency of topographic map production. Therefore, this paper proposes an automatic derivation method for creation of complex map symbols in a topographic map. The data used are new geographic entity data under the background of Chinese new fundame

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Zhang, Xiao, Yan Wang, and Haiyan He. "Brief Discussion of Surveying Technology of Three-dimensional Digital Topographic Map." Electronics Science Technology and Application 2 (December 3, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/esta.v2i1.6.

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3D digital Topographic drawing adopts 3D profile technology and demonstrates geographic space phenomenon to users, reflects the space features of geographic entity in an integrated and accurate manner and thus realizes even more complete, accurate and straight-forward expression of the objective world. It can not only express the plane relationship between space objects, but also accurately describe and express the ground elevation and geometric object height which upgrade the space expression ability and measuring level of digital map and enhance the space acknowledge ability and analytic abi

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Park, J. G., I. Harada, and Y. Kwak. "OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION AND CHANGE DETECTION OF HOKKAIDO, JAPAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-1003-2016.

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Topography and geology are factors to characterize the distribution of natural vegetation. Topographic contour is particularly influential on the living conditions of plants such as soil moisture, sunlight, and windiness. Vegetation associations having similar characteristics are present in locations having similar topographic conditions unless natural disturbances such as landslides and forest fires or artificial disturbances such as deforestation and man-made plantation bring about changes in such conditions. We developed a vegetation map of Japan using an object-based segmentation approach

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Park, J. G., I. Harada, and Y. Kwak. "OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION AND CHANGE DETECTION OF HOKKAIDO, JAPAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-1003-2016.

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Topography and geology are factors to characterize the distribution of natural vegetation. Topographic contour is particularly influential on the living conditions of plants such as soil moisture, sunlight, and windiness. Vegetation associations having similar characteristics are present in locations having similar topographic conditions unless natural disturbances such as landslides and forest fires or artificial disturbances such as deforestation and man-made plantation bring about changes in such conditions. We developed a vegetation map of Japan using an object-based segmentation approach

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17

Fitri, M. S. N., O. Marena, O. A. Hisam, M. Y. M. Hafiz, and A. K. N. Izzati. "Suitability of Open Street Map (OSM) for 1:50,000 Topographic Map." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1051, no. 1 (2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1051/1/012012.

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Abstract Open-source data is open for anyone and everyone for access, modification, reuse, and sharing for particular application. Open-source data is compiled from various sources using public user collaboration. Open street map is one of open-source vector provider. The suitability study of the use of open-source data for the production of topographic maps of various scales is important as a new approach. The importance of the feasibility study of the use of open-source data can help improve the efficiency of the production of mapping products. Many methods of producing topographic maps of v

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18

HOSHI, Takashi, and Toru TAKAKI. "Recognition element for map symbol of topographic map." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 464 (1993): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1993.464_129.

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19

MARUYAMA, Hiromichi. "Topographic Map Generation using GPS." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 16, no. 61 (1996): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.16.61_103.

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20

Hulle, Marc M. Van. "Maximum Likelihood Topographic Map Formation." Neural Computation 17, no. 3 (2005): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0899766053019935.

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We introduce a new unsupervised learning algorithm for kernel-based topographic map formation of heteroscedastic gaussian mixtures that allows for a unified account of distortion error (vector quantization), log-likelihood, and Kullback-Leibler divergence.

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21

Hochmair, Hartwig, and Adam Benjamin. "An Introduction to USGS Topo Maps." EDIS 2021, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fr432-2021.

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Topographic maps provide both a detailed and accurate representation of cultural and natural features on the ground and a quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines. They can be used to address spatial questions in disciplines related to natural resources, hydrology, forestry, agriculture, or ecology. In 1879, the United States Geological Survey began to map the topography of the United States, producing new map versions of each area at semi-regular time intervals. US Topo maps are the current generation of USGS topographic maps. Unlike traditional topographic maps, the

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22

Sahab, Deen, Singh Maan Gurveek, Garg Vishal, and Singh Amandeep. "Updation of Topographic Features Using Landsat-7 Images." History Research Journal 5, no. 4 (2019): 1233–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8200040.

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Updations of topographic features in a map were mainly based on Aerial photographs and ground surveys. Since that time, huge population growth and urban development have resulted in continuously expanding infrastructure and urban settlements. In addition, environmental factors including desertification, deforestation, flooding, and erosion have dramatically changed the land use and topography of some parts of the world. Due to these huge changes Updation of these data becomes very difficult on a continuing basis. In this research it is shown that just after the lunch of LANDSAT-7 Satellite the

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Widyaningrum, E., and B. G. H. Gorte. "CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: ONE STOP PROCESSING OF AUTOMATIC LARGE-SCALE BASE MAP PRODUCTION USING AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA WITHIN GIS ENVIRONMENT. CASE STUDY: MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (May 31, 2017): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-365-2017.

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LiDAR data acquisition is recognized as one of the fastest solutions to provide basis data for large-scale topographical base maps worldwide. Automatic LiDAR processing is believed one possible scheme to accelerate the large-scale topographic base map provision by the Geospatial Information Agency in Indonesia. As a progressive advanced technology, Geographic Information System (GIS) open possibilities to deal with geospatial data automatic processing and analyses. Considering further needs of spatial data sharing and integration, the one stop processing of LiDAR data in a GIS environment is c

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YAMADA, HIROMITSU, KAZUHIKO YAMAMOTO, TAIICHI SAITO, and KATSUMI HOSOKAWA. "RECOGNITION OF ELEVATION VALUE IN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS BY MULTI-ANGLED PARALLELISM." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 08, no. 05 (1994): 1149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000577.

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We have proposed the MAP (Multi-Angled Parallel) operation method which extracts geometric features from a topographic map using erosion-dilation operations on a directional feature field. We have also proposed the MAP matching method which recognizes fixed-shaped symbols in the topographic map by using parallel operations on the same directional feature field. We have shown that all kinds of feature extraction and recognition can be effectively performed within the framework of parallel operation. In this paper, we show that elevation values in a topographic map can be recognized by a combina

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Garmanov, Vitaly, Aleksey Osipov, Vladimir Bogdanov, et al. "Technology for creating electronic soil maps based on archival materials for land management engineering." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124403012.

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The article considers the structural and logical scheme of the methodology for creating electronic soil maps for land management engineering based on analog archival cartographic materials. The proposed scheme includes seven blocks: 1) building frames for 1:50,000 scale topographic map sheets in the geoinformation environment “Map 2011”; 2) scanning analog topographic maps with a scale of 1:50000; 3) binding a bitmap images of topographic maps to the sheet frames and cropping the frame image; 4) converting data from the GIS “Map 2011” to the GIS “MapInfo”; 5) scanning of archive analogue 1:10,

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Muhammad Ikhwan, Hanifah Ikhsani, and Emy Sadjati. "Topographic Map Making for Students of SMK Kehutanan, Pekanbaru." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 8, no. 6 (2024): 1690–96. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v8i6.22204.

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Topographic maps have several benefits, such as providing a basis for regional planning and identifying the vulnerability and hazards of an area. Therefore, making topographic maps is important for forestry students, especially using drone data. The purpose of the service is to increase the partners' knowledge about the use of drones for topographic mapping and basic knowledge about drone operation, and to improve the partners' skills by providing training in making topographic maps from data collected by drones. The activities carried out include providing materials on topographic map making

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Suciani, Ayu, Zukya Rona Islami, and Reni Nuryanti. "Integrating Scratch Techniques in Relief Map Media for Earth's Surface Learning." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 17, no. 1 (2025): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.24114/jg.v17i1.64492.

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In the modern educational landscape, innovative teaching methods, such as raised-relief maps using graphic art scratch techniques, are crucial for helping students engage with complex geography concepts. These tactile maps provide a multisensory learning experience, enhancing spatial awareness and retention by allowing students to physically interact with three-dimensional topographies. By combining art and geography, this approach fosters creativity while improving students' understanding and retention of geographical features. This research uses the R&D method with the ADDIE model to des

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Arcaro, Michael J., Peter F. Schade, and Margaret S. Livingstone. "Body map proto-organization in newborn macaques." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (2019): 24861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912636116.

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Topographic sensory maps are a prominent feature of the adult primate brain. Here, we asked whether topographic representations of the body are present at birth. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we find that the newborn somatomotor system, spanning frontoparietal cortex and subcortex, comprises multiple topographic representations of the body. The organization of these large-scale body maps was indistinguishable from those in older monkeys. Finer-scale differentiation of individual fingers increased over the first 2 y, suggesting that topographic representations are refined during early developmen

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Ekebuike, A.N., and A.O. Oliha. "Digital Topographic Mapping of the Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology at Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State." International Journal of Research 11, no. 7 (2024): 129–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12752001.

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<em>This research focuses on the development of a digital topographic information system for the Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology at Benson Idahosa University (BIU), located in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. It aims to produce a comprehensive digital topographic map and an associated database, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to enhance area planning and land information management. The methodology includes reconnaissance, data acquisition through primary and secondary sources, and advanced data processing techniques to create detailed maps and models. The results

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Aminu, Abdulwahab, Baiya Babangida, I. Abalis Gundiri, and Ali Garba Bello. "Comparative Analysis between DEM from Topographic, Aster GDEM and SRTM DEM." International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 2, no. 2 (2016): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1533152.

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The difference between the DEM generated from Topographical map, ASTER DEM 1.5 arc second and SRTM DEM 3 arc second has been determine. As the ASTER GDEM has been known to be the highest resolution global digital elevation model purported to be 30m spacing (1 or 1.5) arc second, we have compared three different DEM’s by digitizing the contour of the existing topographical map covering the research area and downloading the ASTER GDEM data and SRTM data from online source. 3-D coordinates of some scattered was selected and generated from the three DEM created. Contour was also generated fr

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Loginov, Dmitriy. "Topographic data in the cartographic support of geological exploration: current state and prospects." InterCarto. InterGIS 29, no. 1 (2023): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2023-1-29-521-534.

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The purpose of the current study is an attempt to characterize the scientific and practical issues of modern topographic data preparation and its use in geological exploration. The study is based on the long-term author’s experience in cartographic support of field and cameral geological and geophysical works and on the analysis of modern research in topographical mapping. The specifics of providing access to modern topographic data in the Russian Federation, the Republic of India and the Republic of Colombia, where the main experimental work has been carried out, are briefly described. The co

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Hulle, Marc M. Van. "Kernel-Based Equiprobabilistic Topographic Map Formation." Neural Computation 10, no. 7 (1998): 1847–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017179.

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We introduce a new unsupervised competitive learning rule, the kernel-based maximum entropy learning rule (kMER), which performs equiprobabilistic topographic map formation in regular, fixed-topology lattices, for use with nonparametric density estimation as well as nonparametric regression analysis. The receptive fields of the formal neurons are overlapping radially symmetric kernels, compatible with radial basis functions (RBFs); but unlike other learning schemes, the radii of these kernels do not have to be chosen in an ad hoc manner: the radii are adapted to the local input density, togeth

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Hansen, K. "What makes topographic map boundaries parsimonious?" Journal of Vision 7, no. 9 (2010): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/7.9.227.

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Skitch, Bob, and Malcolm Lambert. "Contemporary cartography: Queensland's topographic map series." Cartography 19, no. 1 (1990): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00690805.1990.10438486.

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Lorenz, Ralph D., Bryan W. Stiles, Oded Aharonson, et al. "A global topographic map of Titan." Icarus 225, no. 1 (2013): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.002.

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Suwarno, Eno, Yose Rizal, Fadrizal Lubis, and Muhammad Ikhwan. "The TOPOGRAPHY MAP MAKING OF THE TAHFIDZ AL-QUDS BOARDING SCHOOL OF THE AR-RISALAH AL-ALAMIYAH RIAU." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 7, no. 2 (2023): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v7i2.12540.

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The availability of topographical maps is indispensable for planning the physical development and landscape arrangement of the Tahfizh Al-Quds Islamic Boarding School. Currently for the manufacture of topographic maps can use drones. Partners do not yet have the skills to do this. The solution offered by the Lancang Kuning University service team is to assist in making topographic maps. Aerial photography is done by using a drone. Furthermore, the data is processed using the Agisoft Photoscan and ArcGIS applications. Based on the topographic map, there are 12 contour lines. The highest area is

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Ardizzone, F., M. Cardinali, M. Galli, F. Guzzetti, and P. Reichenbach. "Identification and mapping of recent rainfall-induced landslides using elevation data collected by airborne Lidar." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 6 (2007): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-637-2007.

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Abstract. A high resolution Digital Elevation Model with a ground resolution of 2 m×2 m (DEM2) was obtained for the Collazzone area, central Umbria, through weighted linear interpolation of elevation points acquired by Airborne Lidar Swath Mapping. Acquisition of the elevation data was performed on 3 May 2004, following a rainfall period that resulted in numerous landslides. A reconnaissance field survey conducted immediately after the rainfall period allowed mapping 70 landslides in the study area, for a total landslide area of 2.7×105 m2. Topographic derivative maps obtained from the DEM2 we

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Ao, Zu Rui, Zhan Qiang Chang, Xiao Meng Liu, and Qi Yao. "New Progress in the Investigation of Spatial Distribution for SRTM DEM Errors." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4694.

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The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is an international research effort that obtains digital elevation models (DEM) over 80% of the Earths land surface. SRTM DEM plays a key role in geosciences and GIS. In order to investigate the vertical accuracy of SRTM DEM, we evaluated the root mean square error (RMSE) of height between SRTM DEM and 1:50,000 scale topographic map within north China, and extracted the related topographic factors including height, slope and aspect. Then, we analyzed the relationship between the topographic factors and SRTM DEM errors. The results show that the SRTM

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Loginova, A. D., S. V. Shukhaev, S. S. Kudlakhmedov, and E. V. Boiko. "Corneal topographic ring vs zone in trifocal IOL calculation." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-2-184-186.

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Purpose. To compare the results of trifocal IOL calculation using various corneal topographic data (ring and zone). Methods. This retrospective study involved 35 patients (40 eyes), underwent cataract surgery (FLACS) with trifocal IOL implantation (AcrySof IQ PanOptix). The calculation was performed using IOL-Master 500 according to 4 formulas (Haigis, HofferQ, Holladay 1, SRK / T) and Tomey OA-2000 according to 2 formulas (Barrett II Universal, Olsen). Topographic values included Km collected from Pentacam HR Power Distribution Apex map with diameter of 3.0 and 5.0 mm on a ring and zone. Pred

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Wu, Hao, and Hongguo Jia. "Extraction of knowledge on spatial distribution and spatial relationship from scanned topographic map using Convolutional Neural Networks." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-407-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Topographic maps (TM) contain plenty of geographic information, such as topographic fluctuations, hydrological networks, vegetation, administrative regions, residential areas, transportation routes and facilities and other man-made features. Based on geographic information, the map knowledge extracted from topographic maps has been widely used in many research fields, such as landscape ecology, land and resources management and urbanization.</p><p>Traditional topographic maps are generally in paper-format. It is difficult to use them

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Nguyen, Thuong Thi Lan, and Cuong Xuan Vu. "Building a generalizated tool for the road layers of big scale topographic maps." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.667.

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Generalization has important role in making map, especially topographic map. Generalization is used when we want to reduce scale of map or focus on important features. As a result, we have better map about graphical representation, easier to understand. If this process is done manually, it will cost a lot of time and effort. Therefore, this study refer to build some tools for automatic generalization for traffic data on topographic map, particularly from 1/2000 to 1/10000 in ArcGIS software. Achieved result is satisfactory when applying for four topographic maps at Hoc Mon district, Ho Chi Min

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Yasada, Gede, Evin Yudhi Setyono, and I. Ketut Sutapa. "Three-dimensional (3D) land contour modeling using QGIS software on topography mapping in Buwit Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency, Bali." International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research 9, no. 5 (2023): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v9n5.2373.

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A topographical map is a map that contains information about the elevation of the land surface in a place to the mean sea level (Mean Sea Level), which is depicted by contour lines. Information from the coordinates and elevation of detailed land points as a result of land surveying can be used to create a three-dimensional model of the land surface on the map using the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software application. With a three-dimensional (3D) model, the objects on the map are seen more alive as they actually are in the field, so that analyzing a topographic map can be don

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Fauzan, Mochammad Rizky Miftah, Jupri Jupri, and Riki Ridwana. "Pengukuran Topografi Untuk Pembangunan Penampungan Air Bersih (Studi Kasus: Daerah Rajamandala, Kabupaten Bandung Barat)." JPIG (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi) 6, no. 1 (2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jpig.v6i1.5141.

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Abstrak: Peta merupakan gambaran kecil atau miniatur kenampakan dari suatu permukaan bumi yang direpresentasikan dalam bidang datar yang meliputi kenampakan alamiah maupun buatan manusia dan memiliki ukuran yang disebut skala. Saat ini perkembangan pembangunan semakin pesat, kebutuhan peta semakin meningkat. Peta sangat penting untuk perencanaan suatu pembangunan. Belum terpetakanya sumber mata air di Rajamandala membuat pengelolaan sumber mata air di kawasan tersebut tidak efektif. Agar pengelolaanya efektif dan efisien dibutuhkan peta topografi di kawasan sumber mata air untuk digunakan seba

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Khakimova, Kamola, Dilobar Mamanazarova, Nilufar Urinova, Bakhtigul Mamadaminova, and Shoira Jumayeva. "Design of an optimal irrigation system taking into account the characteristics of the earth using simulation-optimization models." E3S Web of Conferences 590 (2024): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459002008.

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This paper presents a novel algorithm for the design of an optimal irrigation system, which utilizes land topographic data, specifically digital land surface models (DSMs). The proposed approach incorporates an inter-farm irrigation network map, canal profile, and spatial model of the region as part of the topographic data. By dividing the land into sections with similar topographical characteristics, this method facilitates the identification and optimization of key parameters related to the land and irrigation system, ultimately leading to an optimal design of the irrigation system.

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van der Vegt, Haico, Ton van Helvert, and Paula Dijkstra. "Towards sustainable topographic mapping." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-377-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> “Everything happens somewhere”, a popular phrase nowadays to emphasize the importance of good and reliable geographic information. National Spatial Data Infrastructures (NSDI) are popping up in many countries in the world as governments realize that a wealth of geo-data is produced, but that this data is not known or available to other organizations. An NSDI channels this information to the users. Availability of geo-information and efficiency in the production are the key drivers.</p><p>Another big driver is the Sustainable Developme

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Wiemer, Jan C. "The Time-Organized Map Algorithm: Extending the Self-Organizing Map to Spatiotemporal Signals." Neural Computation 15, no. 5 (2003): 1143–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976603765202695.

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The new time-organized map (TOM) is presented for a better understanding of the self-organization and geometric structure of cortical signal representations. The algorithm extends the common self-organizing map (SOM) from the processing of purely spatial signals to the processing of spatiotemporal signals. The main additional idea of the TOM compared with the SOM is the functionally reasonable transfer of temporal signal distances into spatial signal distances in topographic neural representations. This is achieved by neural dynamics of propagating waves, allowing current and former signals to

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Talhofer, Václav, Luboš Bělka, and Filip Dohnal. "New topographic maps for the Czech Armed Forces." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-104-2021.

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Abstract. Geographic services of NATO member states produce standardised topographic maps for geographic support of their foreign missions. The MGCP data are used for the maps creation of the scales of 1:50,000 and 1:100,000. Topographic maps used for military training in own territory mostly remain in original form without full standardisation. NATO with support of the Defence Geospatial Information Working Group prepares a new standard for the Defence Topographic Map. The geographic service of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic has started the preparation process of the new topographic m

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Rodrigues, Thiago G., Waldir R. Paradella, and Cleber G. Oliveira. "Evaluation of the altimetry from SRTM-3 and planimetry from high-resolution PALSAR FBD data for semi-detailed topographic mapping in the Amazon Region." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 3 (2011): 953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011000300014.

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The Brazilian Amazon has a deficit of 35% of coverage regarding topographic mapping at semi-detailed (1:100,000) scale. This paper presents an alternative to overcome this scenario using a combination of planialtimetric information from two orbital SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) missions. The altimetry was acquired from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), while the planimetry was provided from Fine Beam Dual (FBD) images of the Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) sensor. The research was carried out in the mountainous area of the Serra dos Carajás (Pará State), located o

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Huang, Huabing, Xi Chen, Xianwei Wang, Xina Wang, and Lin Liu. "A Depression-Based Index to Represent Topographic Control in Urban Pluvial Flooding." Water 11, no. 10 (2019): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102115.

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Extensive studies have highlighted the roles of rainfall, impervious surfaces, and drainage systems in urban pluvial flooding, whereas topographic control has received limited attention. This study proposes a depression-based index, the Topographic Control Index (TCI), to quantify the function of topography in urban pluvial flooding. The TCI of a depression is derived within its catchment, multiplying the catchment area with the slope, then dividing by the ponding volume of the depression. A case study is demonstrated in Guangzhou, China, using a 0.5 m-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

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Szypuła, Bartłomiej. "Quality assessment of DEM derived from topographic maps for geomorphometric purposes." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (2019): 843–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0066.

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Abstract Digital elevation models (DEMs) play a significant role in geomorphological research. For geomorphologists reconstructing landform and drainage structure is frequently as important as elevation accuracy. Consequently, large-scale topographic maps (with contours, height points and watercourses) constitute excellent material for creating models (here called Topo-DEM) in fine resolution. The purpose of the conducted analyses was to assess the quality of Topo-DEM against freely-available global DEMs and then to compare it with a reference model derived from laser scanning (LiDAR-DEM). The

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