Academic literature on the topic 'Topographic style'
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Journal articles on the topic "Topographic style"
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Hamad, Salah. "Updating Topographic Maps at Scale 1:250000 for Libyan Territory Using Quantum GIS (QGIS) and Open Geospatial Data: Libya Topo-Project." Journal of Geographical Studies 4, no. 1 (September 13, 2020): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj5.20040103.
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From the beginning of the twentieth century, topographic maps for the Libyan state carried out by various compilers, where the first mapping was carried out by the Italian Military Geographical Institute, the Soviet Union Military, and the U.S. Army, followed by mapping carried out by the Libyan state from the 1950s to the 2000s. Most of these maps have not been digitized and updated using the techniques of geographic information systems and remote sensing. This paper discusses on the objectives, methodology and results of the Libya Topography Project, “Libya Topo” for updating the previously compiled topographical map at scale, 1:250000. Open spatial data from different platforms (OSM, Logistics Cluster, Landsat 8 satellite imagery, and SRTM data, etc.). Also, POIs extracted from previously compiled topographic and geological maps. Spatial database for each UTM zone created to store the features and raster. As for the cartographic style, the map layout adopted is the style of the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency maps. The results of the project are an update of 121 topographical map sheets using Quantum (GIS), those will be freely available for the interested users on request (e.g., environmentalists, academics, and university students, etc.).
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Kent, Alexander. "Topographic Maps: Methodological Approaches for Analyzing Cartographic Style." Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 5, no. 2 (July 23, 2009): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15420350903001187.
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Ory, Jérémie, Sidonie Christophe, Sara Irina Fabrikant, and Benedicte Bucher. "How Do Map Readers Recognize a Topographic Mapping Style?" Cartographic Journal 52, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2015.1119459.
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Christophe, Sidonie, Bertrand Duménieu, Antoine Masse, Charlotte Hoarau, Jérémie Ory, Mathieu Brédif, François Lecordix, et al. "Expressive map design: OGC SLD/SE++ extension for expressive map styles." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-21-2018.
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In the context of custom map design, handling more artistic and expressive tools has been identified as a carto-graphic need, in order to design stylized and expressive maps. Based on previous works on style formalization, an approach for specifying the map style has been proposed and experimented for particular use cases. A first step deals with the analysis of inspiration sources, in order to extract ‘what does make the style of the source’, i.e. the salient visual characteristics to be automatically reproduced (textures, spatial arrangements, linear stylization, etc.). In a second step, in order to mimic and generate those visual characteristics, existing and innovative rendering techniques have been implemented in our GIS engine, thus extending the capabilities to generate expressive renderings. Therefore, an extension of the existing cartographic pipeline has been proposed based on the following aspects: 1- extension of the symbolization specifications OGC SLD/SE in order to provide a formalism to specify and reference expressive rendering methods; 2- separate the specification of each rendering method and its parameterization, as metadata. The main contribution has been described in (Christophe et al. 2016). In this paper, we focus firstly on the extension of the cartographic pipeline (SLD++ and metadata) and secondly on map design capabilities which have been experimented on various topographic styles: old cartographic styles (Cassini), artistic styles (watercolor, impressionism, Japanese print), hybrid topographic styles (ortho-imagery & vector data) and finally abstract and photo-realist styles for the geovisualization of costal area. The genericity and interoperability of our approach are promising and have already been tested for 3D visualization.
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Giancola, Marco, Paola Verde, Luigi Cacciapuoti, Gregorio Angelino, Laura Piccardi, Alessia Bocchi, Massimiliano Palmiero, and Raffaella Nori. "Do Advanced Spatial Strategies Depend on the Number of Flight Hours? The Case of Military Pilots." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070851.
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Background: Military pilots show advanced visuospatial skills. Previous studies demonstrate that they are better at mentally rotating a target, taking different perspectives, estimating distances and planning travel and have a topographic memory. Here, we compared navigational cognitive styles between military pilots and people without flight experience. Pilots were expected to be more survey-style users than nonpilots, showing more advanced navigational strategies. Method: A total of 106 military jet pilots from the Italian Air Force and 92 nonpilots from the general population matched for education with the pilots were enrolled to investigate group differences in navigational styles. The participants were asked to perform a reduced version of the Spatial Cognitive Style Test (SCST), consisting of six tasks that allow us to distinguish individuals in terms of landmark (people orient themselves by using a figurative memory for environmental objects), route (people use an egocentric representation of the space) and survey (people have a map-like representation of the space) user styles. Results: In line with our hypothesis, military pilots mainly adopt the survey style, whereas nonpilots mainly adopt the route style. In addition, pilots outperformed nonpilots in both the 3D Rotation Task and Map Description Task. Conclusions: Military flight expertise influences some aspects of spatial ability, leading to enhanced human navigation. However, it must be considered that they are a population whose navigational skills were already high at the time of selection at the academy before formal training began.
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Ganbold, Ulziisaikhan, and Oyuntsetseg Dash. "ISSUES OFCREATION OF A LARGE-SCALE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL BASE MAP OF MONGOLIA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 2 (2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-1-2-81-88.
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It is an alternative science, as the geomorphology plays out in a complex geographic, topo-graphic setting in which both the tectonic and climate processes responsible for driving evolution of the topography change in style and intensity. Geomorphology is a relatively young science, growing along with interest in other aspects of the earth sciences in the mid-19th century. While geomorphological development continues to grow steadily today, there is a need to use some advanced theoretical and mapping techniques. This paper is issued to cover the creation of topographic maps with a scale of 1 : 50 000 of geodetic measurements by terrestrial a laser scanner and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for geomorphological map.
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Ferrier, Graham, Jon Naden, Athanassios Ganas, Simon Kemp, and Richard Pope. "Identification of Multi-Style Hydrothermal Alteration Using Integrated Compositional and Topographic Remote Sensing Datasets." Geosciences 6, no. 3 (July 29, 2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences6030036.
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Lysák, Jakub. "An algorithm for automated digital rock drawing in the style used in Czech topographic maps." AUC GEOGRAPHICA 51, no. 1 (June 22, 2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2016.1.
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Courtial, A., G. Touya, and X. Zhang. "GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS TO GENERALISE URBAN AREAS IN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-15-2021.
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Abstract. This article presents how a generative adversarial network (GAN) can be employed to produce a generalised map that combines several cartographic themes in the dense context of urban areas. We use as input detailed buildings, roads, and rivers from topographic datasets produced by the French national mapping agency (IGN), and we expect as output of the GAN a legible map of these elements at a target scale of 1:50,000. This level of detail requires to reduce the amount of information while preserving patterns; covering dense inner cities block by a unique polygon is also necessary because these blocks cannot be represented with enlarged individual buildings. The target map has a style similar to the topographic map produced by IGN. This experiment succeeded in producing image tiles that look like legible maps. It also highlights the impact of data and representation choices on the quality of predicted images, and the challenge of learning geographic relationships.
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Panina, L. V., and E. A. Manuilova. "Neotectonics of the central part of the West-Siberian plate." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2017-4-60-67.
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The carried out structural and geomorphologic analysis including visual and computer interpretation of the topographic maps and space images supplemented by statistical processing of the results, allowed to reveal arch-block style of the latest structures of the central part of the West-Siberian plate. The kinematics, the formation and the nature of the relationship of the modern structures with ancient ones were determined. It was revealed that neotectonic structure is forming due to submeridional stress.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Topographic style"
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Kent, Alexander James. "An analysis of the cartographic language of European state topographic maps : aesthetics, style, and identity." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/9462/.
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This thesis investigates stylistic diversity in European 1:50 000 state topographic maps and explores the extent to which national conditions, such as socio-economic, cultural, and demographic characteristics, are intrinsically expressed in their symbolization of the national landscape. The separation of the topographic map from its assumed objectivity and the poststructuralist handling of maps as ‘texts’ provide the point of departure for the theoretical framework, which includes a discussion of the role of aesthetic judgment and the nature of style in cartography, and subsequently develops a new language paradigm for understanding national differences in cartographic expression. The methodology involves the construction of a typology for the classification of the legend symbologies of 1:50 000 paper topographic maps from 20 different European national mapping organizations. In addition to providing a quantitative assessment of the symbols devoted to each type of feature, this incorporates a qualitative classification of their appearance according to the criteria of colour, visual hierarchy, ‘white’ space, and lettering in the search for supranational styles. Although it was possible to group countries using a cluster analysis based on the proportion of symbols within each class, the findings reveal much stylistic diversity in European 1:50 000 state topographical mapping, which is demonstrated further in the graphical appearance of each symbology. Tests of association between the symbol classification data and various national statistics suggest a very general reflection of national conditions and do not support some more plausible links, but nevertheless imply the influence of specifically national circumstances. In order to understand the possible influences of wider geopolitical factors on the design and production of state topographic maps, recent initiatives in Latvia and Slovenia were examined and interviews were conducted with those involved. The findings suggest that even with fundamental changes such as the achievement of political independence, the legacy of former styles of topographic cartography persist, especially concerning how the landscape is classified. The development of national styles in state topographic maps appears to be a process in which only broader, more permanent supranational characteristics, such as functional dependencies within core-periphery systems, may be reflected more accurately.
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Ory, Jérémie. "Connaissances pour la conception et la perception de styles topographiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1058/document.
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La conception de cartes topographiques de référence est aujourd’hui caractérisée par une multiplication des données géographiques et des services de conception cartographiques de plus en plus distribués. Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire d’enrichir les connaissances existantes sur la rédaction cartographique afin de préserver la qualité des cartes produites, i.e. qu’elles soient lisibles et efficaces. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que le style topographique facilite la lisibilité et l’efficacité d’une carte grâce à des codes et repères visuels connus des utilisateurs. Nous nous sommes fixés comme objectif de formaliser la notion de style topographique en tant que famille cartographique regroupant des signes graphiques reconnus des utilisateurs afin de pouvoir l’utiliser pour produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques.Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel intégrant les concepts clés de signature visuelle et de famille cartographique. Nous validons et instancions ce modèle à travers la mise en place d’entretiens auprès d’experts cartographes et le déploiement de deux expérimentations auprès d’utilisateurs permettant d’étudier les familles cartographiques IGN et Swisstopo. Les résultats obtenus permettent de caractériser les signatures visuelles de chacune de ces deux familles cartographiques. À l’aide de la caractérisation des signatures visuelles de ces deux styles topographiques typiques (IGN-France et Swisstopo), nous proposons des recommandations qui permettraient de produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques pour les deux cas d’application suivants : (1) produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques appartenant au même style topographique, (2) produire de nouvelles cartes topographiques à la frontière entre deux pays / agences nationales de cartographieThe design of topographic maps of reference is characterised both by an increasing amount of reference geographic databases and by design geo-services operating in distributed architectures. In this context, one of the major challenges consists in enriching the current knowledge on cartographic design in order to preserve the maps quality, i.e. they are legible, effective and usable. We assume that the topographic style renders maps legible and effective thanks to the visual codes and guides, well-known by the users. Our research purpose aims at formalising the concept of a topographic style as a cartographic family with a recognizable visual signature in order to produce new topographic maps.We propose to formalize key concepts of visual signature and cartographic family in a unified model. We validate and instantiate this model in setting up interviews of cartography experts and in designing user’s experiments allowing to evaluate the visual recognition of maps and graphic signs belonging in Swisstopo and IGN-France cartographic families. With results of the two user’s experiments, we characterize the visual signature of the two cartographic families. Then, we propose cartographic design guidelines in order to produce reference topographic maps based on the characterisation of the visual signature for two cases studies: (1) design a map belonging in a given cartographic family, (2) design a map on the border of two countries / two national mapping agencies
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Ertzscheid, Olivier. "Les enjeux cognitifs et stylistiques de l'organisation hypertextuelle : le Lieu, Le Lien, Le Livre." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006260.
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L'enjeu de ce doctorat est de montrer comment la perception et les pratiques liées à la figure de l'hypertexte permettent d'entrevoir de profonds bouleversements dans notre rapport à l'écrit (document numérique, nouveaux genres littéraires, textualité renouvelée), à l'organisation de la connaissance, ainsi qu'à la manière dont s'agrègent, se constituent, se développent et se transforment les différents types de rapport au réel présents dans toute organisation sociale réticulée. L'analyse critique de ces transformations nous permet de préciser comment se met progressivement en place une nouvelle écologie cognitive, en quoi elle est rendue nécessaire, et quels sont les outils (typologie englobante des processus de liaison entre entités) et les pratiques sociales émergentes qui la fondent.Dans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets déjà mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport à l'écrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnées par ce nouveau support, pour isoler également la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'énonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'énonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (liés notamment à l'utilisation de générateurs) et sur le statut littéraire de ces productions.
Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « théoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'étude systématique de ses procédés de liaison. Après un état de l'art de la question, nous définissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhétoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les différents types de rapport entre ces « entités-liens » autorisant à qualifier différentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulées dans ce travail devront permettre d'améliorer les pratiques de navigation et de réduire certains effets liés (surcharge cognitive, désorientation).
Notre troisième chapitre montre que ce que ces liens révèlent du fonctionnement de la pensée humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la manière dont les systèmes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se développent, en mettant en place, de manière effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage à l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif expérimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de différents types ontologiques, ce dernier étant caractéristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.
Books on the topic "Topographic style"
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Rubió, Ignasi Solà-Morales. Differences: Topographies of contemporary architecture. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1997.
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Whiting, Sarah, and Ignasi Sola-Morales Rubio. Differences: Topographies of Contemporary Architecture (Writing Architecture). Mit Pr, 1996.
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al-Musawi, Muhsin. The Medieval Turn in Modern Arabic Narrative. Edited by Waïl S. Hassan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199349791.013.4.
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This chapter examines the medieval turn in modern Arabic fiction, which includes historical reconstruction, neo-historicism, topographical narration, Sufi dreams and visions, allegorical travelogues, biographies, chats and anecdotes, and majālis, or assemblies accommodating hashish addicts and Sufi gatherings. The chapter first considers the Arabic historical novel before turning to narrative genealogies in modern Arabic fiction in which visions and dreams are present as markers of medieval Sufism and poetics. It then explores the phenomenal growth of Sufism among peasants, craftsmen, and artisans, including women; Arabic novels that connect well with the khiṭaṭ genre; the travelogue as a venue for an allegorical critique; the use of Qur’anic phrases or catchwords in Arabic narratives; and works entrenched in classical style. The chapter provides examples to dispute the notion that pre-modern Arab culture has not survived its encounter with Europe and the engagement with European literary norms.
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Moller, Astrid. Naukratis. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198152842.001.0001.
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Archaic Naukratis was a busy trading place in the Western Delta of the Nile, renowned for its sanctuaries and courtesans, granting the Greeks access to Egyptian grain and luxury items. Now, more than one hundred years after the discovery and excavation of Naukratis, the author offers the first full-length analysis of the archaeology and archaic history of this important site. Although Naukratis always features in modern accounts of ancient Greek colonization, it was not a place where the Greeks could freely establish their own political and social organization--it was under the strict control of the Egyptian pharaoh and his officials. To understand the special status of Naukratis, the author takes the port of trade model, surveying the political, social, and economic background of both Late Period Egypt and archaic Greece. A major section of the book comprises an archaeological re-evaluation of the topography of archaic Naukratis and its material finds. The sanctuaries, archaic pottery styles, terracottas, faiences, statuettes, and other small finds are examined in the light of recent scholarship, and an in-depth study of the literary evidence is brought to bear on the archaeological material. This book comprises a significant contribution to our understanding of Graeco-Egyptian relations during the seventh and sixth centuries BC and also demonstrates that Polanyian economic theory can play an invaluable rôle in the ongoing debate about the concepts best employed to analyse the ancient Greek economy.
Book chapters on the topic "Topographic style"
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Bainbridge, William. "The Golden Age of Mountaineering." In Topographic Memory and Victorian Travellers in the Dolomite Mountains. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462987616_ch03.
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Key figures such as Albert Smith, Leslie Stephen, and Edward Whymper are considered key protagonists of the so-called Golden Age of mountaineering. While alpinists may have conducted themselves to fashion a ‘Golden‐Age’ imagination, it was the institutional framework of London’s Alpine Club that promoted it, both in terms of the nationalist bombast it sanctioned and the individual style of masculine performance it required from its members. Embodied perception and recourse to action are illustrated here as important features of the Golden Age mentality, features which also played a role in the formation of a sportive matrix of topographic memory to be enacted in the process of inventing the Dolomites.
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Finney, John. "1. Water, water everywhere …" In Water: A Very Short Introduction, 1–13. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198708728.003.0001.
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Water (H2O) is the most abundant compound on the Earth’s surface and occurs naturally in gas, liquid, and solid forms. It is estimated that there are 1.9 billion billion tonnes of water on our planet with even more in the Earth’s mantle. ‘Water, water everywhere …’ outlines how water arose from the Big Bang, how it got to Earth, and describes how scientists deciphered its molecular structure. But why do we need it? Water maintains our climate, keeps all living things alive, is a major influence in forming the surface topography of the planet, and is also critical in what happens in planetary interiors, as well as in the location and eruptive style of volcanoes.
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Hollis, Adrian. "William Spencer Barrett, 1914–2001." In Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 124. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, III. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0002.
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Spencer Barrett in many ways seems to have been an old-style Oxford classics don. He did not move very far from his base. He did not lecture outside England (although he was certainly invited to speak in America) and not very often outside Oxford. He did not even visit Greece until middle age, and that was partly to confirm some details of the topography of Trozen about which, essentially, he had already made up his mind. His published work, though superb in quality, was modest in quantity, considering that he had such a long career. In 1964 his book Hippolytus was published, which became essential reading for any scholar working seriously on Greek Tragedy. Apart from Hippolytus, Barrett's most important publication was a sixty-five-page discussion of Sophocles' Niobe (and other plays on the same theme) in Richard Carden's book, The Papyrus Fragments of Sophocles.
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Leask, Nigel. "Old Ways and New Roads." In Stepping Westward, 23–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850021.003.0002.
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The chapter explores the little-known Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland to His Friend in London, written in the late 1720s and ’30s, almost certainly by Edmund Burt, a Government employee during the uneasy period of peace between the two Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745. It is proposed as an important, but often unacknowledged, precursor to many of the texts studied in the chapters that follow. The book’s urbane, Spectator-style spotlight on Highland manners, and pioneering descriptions of Highland travel and topography, mark a major departure from earlier accounts by John Macky and Daniel Defoe. Key sections explore Burt’s critical account of two Highland excursions travelling on the ‘old ways’ (i.e. traditional drove roads), and the final letter’s description of Wade’s road-building programme in the 1720s and ’30s, offering Burt a solution to the problem of Highland ‘backwardness’.
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Farnsworth, John Seibert. "Notes from the Golden Gate Raptor Observatory." In Nature beyond Solitude, 87–114. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747281.003.0003.
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This chapter highlights the author's field notes from the Golden Gate Raptor Observatory (GRRO). A hawkwatcher with the GGRO commits to a rotation during the fall migration, basically mid-August to early December, participating on a team at least one day every other week. The author's team has an exceptional level of experience. The training was rigorous, but the GGRO style was reassuring. The rule for beginners is “When you see a hawk, start to talk.” They had to learn not only the field marks of the nineteen species they might encounter, but also the local topography, where every landmark goes by a distinct name. As a general rule, the more northerly the winds, the better the hawkwatching. The birds, after all, are heading south, and most of them are smart enough to avoid migrating into a headwind whenever possible. The author was especially interested in raptors and ferruginous hawks.
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Atay, Simber. "Cyber-Culture, Cyber-Art, and Mnemonic Energy." In Present and Future Paradigms of Cyberculture in the 21st Century, 1–17. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8024-9.ch001.
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The word cybernetics has a very rich etymology. On the other hand, Norbert Wiener's Cybernetics and Society (1950) has very fluid style with its literary intertextual texture. Cyber prefix defines many aspects of life. Today, cyber-culture has gained new meanings due to virtual art activities during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Cybernetics has shown its impact on artistic creativity with two exhibitions, Cybernetic Serendipity (1968, London) and Software (1970, New York), which featured early examples of digital-art, cyber-art, and new media performances. Cyber-art is a very broad category. There are countless cyber-artists. In the institutional context, Can't Help Myself of Sun Yuan and Peng Yu (2016), Memory of Topography of teamLab (2018), and The City As A House of Rebecca Merlic (2020) are three valuable works. This subject was developed under the light of the ideas of Benjamin, Wiener, Deleuze, and Guattari, and the specified examples were analyzed with the descriptive method.
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López Lerma, Mónica. "Surveilling Terror: Post-Western Topographies in No Rest for the Wicked." In Sensing Justice through Contemporary Spanish Cinema, 112–29. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442046.003.0005.
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Chapter five explores the “aesthetic frames” that constitute the sensory configuration of security and justice in the post-9/11 “age of terror,” through Enrique Urbizu’s film No habrá paz para los malvados (2011). The film exposes what Michael J. Shapiro (2009) has called the “violent cartography” of national security in the context of the Madrid terrorist attack on March 11, 2004. The chapter shows how, while at the narrative level the film seemingly reinforces the ideological discourses of security and justice constituted by the state and the media, at the level of aesthetics the film disturbs and reconfigures the frames within which the former discourses are to be understood. The film uses a post-Western aesthetics that recycles themes, tropes, and styles of classical Western cinema to actively interrupt and modify its assumptions, ideology, and values. Against the state’s rhetoric of safety, protection, and prevention, the film makes visible both the failure of the law to respond to violence and the inability of the police to intervene in it effectively. By leaving the viewer with a disquieting feeling of uncertainty and danger, the film asks the question, is there a place for justice between violence and the law?
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Almudena, González, Santapau Manuel, and González Julián Jesús. "EEG Analysis during Music Perception." In Electroencephalography [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94574.
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This review presents the most interesting results of electroencephalographic studies on musical perception performed with different analysis techniques. In first place, concepts on intra-musical characteristics such as tonality, rhythm, dissonance or musical syntax, which have been object of further investigation, are introduced. Most of the studies found use listening musical extracts, sequences of notes or chords as an experimental situation, with the participants in a resting situation. There are few works with participants performing or imagining musical performance. The reviewed works have been divided into two groups: a) those that analyze the EEGs recorded in different cortical areas separately using frequency domain techniques: spectral power, phase or time domain EEG procedures such as potentials event related (ERP); b) those that investigate the interdependence between different EEG channels to evaluate the functional connectivity between different cortical areas through different statistical or synchronization indices. Most of the aspects studied in music-brain interaction are those related to musical emotions, syntax of different musical styles, musical expectation, differences between pleasant and unpleasant music and effects of musical familiarity and musical experience. Most of the works try to know the topographic maps of the brain centers, pathways and functions involved in these aspects.
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Herwanto, Riko, and Nurfiana. "Design and Optimization of Networks-on-Chip." In Network-on-Chip [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97341.
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The modules on the IC unit now and then semiconductor science centers schematizing fluctuated elements of the PC framework and unit intended to be ordinary among the feeling of organization science. Another issue in NoC environmental factors is that the directing recipe. Regarding conveying system, for example alteration strategy, their unit contrasting sorts of adjustment strategies like circuit change, bundle alteration, and empty adjustment. The configurable interconnection parts give a data profitable, significantly progressed association from the processor and information perilous in place based knowledge official structures. What’s extra, the configurable Interconnect supports a multi-layer topography that guarantees the fundamental plan of assessment and low torpidity for each related Ip and it gives related advancements, as for voltage and repeat scaling. The Open Core Protocol can be a fitting and play interface for a middle having every master and slave interfaces. Organization interfacing: The achievement of the NoC style worldview relies significantly upon the normalization of the interfaces between science centers and furthermore the interconnection material. As demonstrated inside the figure beneath, for a center having each expert and slave interfaces, the OCP agreeable signs of the deliberate science block square measure packetized by a subsequent interface.
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Rothe, Eugenio M., and Andres J. Pumariega. "Immigration and Race." In Immigration, Cultural Identity, and Mental Health, 81–112. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661700.003.0005.
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The chapter on Immigration and Race describes the history of race relations and the present and future and the rapidly changing racial topography of the United States. It explains these changes are based on the high rates of ethnic-racial intermarriage that have appeared in the last two decades. It analyzes the complexity of ethnic-racial self-identification, taking into account the tensions that appear between the identification imposed by the majority culture, in contrast with the person’s individual self-concept of ethnicity and race, especially in the face of the increasing multi-ethnic and multi-racial American population. It addresses the history of racism and discrimination experienced by minority populations and immigrants of color and the psychological effects of discrimination and racism on these populations. It describes the risk factors and protective factors that come into play when individuals are faced with experiences of discrimination and racism. It describes the process of ethnic-racial identity development and the different styles of ethnic-racial socialization and cultural orientation. Ultimately, it discussed the importance of ethnicity and race in the psycho-therapeutic encounter and offers treatment recommendations on how to approach and discuss issues of ethnicity and race in psychotherapy.
Conference papers on the topic "Topographic style"
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Mandel, K., W. W. Chen, N. Ren, M. Graham, Y. W. Chung, and Q. Wang. "Tribological Understanding of Polymer Lapped Surfaces." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71049.
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Polymer lapping may significantly remove secondary roughness and result in smoothened topography that helps improve the tribological performance of surfaces. Reported in this paper are studies of topographic, mechanical and tribological characteristics of a lapped surface. The effects of secondary roughness on contact and lubrication are explored.
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Premachandran Nair, R., Y. Song, M. Zou, and Y. A. Wang. "Wetting and Adhesion Properties of Organic Monolayer Modified Nano-Topography-Engineered Surfaces." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44053.
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This paper reports a study of wetting and adhesion properties of nano-topography-engineered surfaces (NTES) modified with Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Samples of various surface topographies were fabricated using aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si) technique by changing process parameters. The effects of surface topography on the wetting and adhesion properties were investigated. The results showed that surface wetting and adhesion properties were significantly improved for OTS modified NTES surfaces compared to OTS modified smooth silicon surfaces, and there is a direct correlation between surface morphology, and the wetting and adhesion properties of surfaces. Superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angle (WCA) of 155° were achieved at optimum surface texture area coverage.
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Komvopoulos, K. "Scale-Dependent Contact Deformation of Layered Media Due to Multi-Wavelength Surface Roughness Effects." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44420.
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In view of the self-affinity property exhibited by many engineering surfaces, multi-scale roughness leads to scale-dependent deformation of asperity contacts. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate real surface topographies and local constitutive models of the deformation mode of interacting asperities in contact mechanics analyses. A theoretical treatment based on multi-wavelength surface topography description and asperity deformation models is presented and its applicability is demonstrated for layered media with fractal surfaces.
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Chen, W. Wayne, Yuchuan Liu, Wei Chen, Jiao Cao, Cedric Xia, Raj Talwar, Rick Lederich, and Q. Jane Wang. "Elasto-Plastic Contact Behaviors of Nominally Flat Surfaces: Modeling and Parametric Study." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44115.
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Interactions of nominally flat surfaces can be modeled based on the periodic similarity of surface topography and a numerical three-dimensional elasto-plastic contact model with the assistance of the continuous convolution and Fourier transform (CC-FT) algorithm. The rough surfaces were generated by a digital filtration technology with a wide range of topographical parameters. A group of contact simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of surface geometrical characteristics (including RMS roughness, correlation length ratio, skewness and kurtosis), material properties, and load on the elasto-plastic contact performance of materials.
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Liou, Jeng Luen, and Jen Fin Lin. "A Method for Determining the Non-Gaussian Probability Density Functions of Asperity Heights for Two Contact Surface Conditions." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44126.
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Most statistical contact analyses assume that asperity height distributions (g(z*)) follow a Gaussian distribution. However, engineered surfaces are frequently the non-Gaussian with a character dependent upon the material and surface state being evaluated. When two rough surfaces experience contact deformations, the original topography of the surfaces varies with different loads. Two kinds of topographies are considered in the present study. The first kind of topography is obtained during the contact of two surfaces under a normal load. The second kind of topography is obtained from a rough contact surface after the end of the elastic recovery. The g(z*) profile is quite sharp and has a large value at its peak if it is obtained from the surface contacts under a normal load. The g(z*) profile defined for a contact surface after the elastic recovery is quite close to the g(z*) profile before contact deformations occur if the plasticity index is a small value. However, the g(z*) profile for the contact surface after the end of elastic recovery is closer to the g(z*) profile shown in the contacts under a normal load if a large plasticity index is assumed. Skewness (Sk) and kurtosis (Kt), which are the parameters in the probability density function, are affected by the change in the mean separation of two contact surfaces, or the initial skewness (the initial kurtosis is fixed in this study), or the plasticity index of the rough surface are also discussed on the basis of the topography models mentioned above.
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Narita, K., and M. Priest. "Friction Characteristics and Topography of Tribofilms From Anti-Wear Additives Applied to Metal V-Belt Type CVT Fluids." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44204.
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This study has investigated the metal-meal friction properties and the topography of tribochemical films derived from antiwear additives for application to metal-V-belt pushing type continuously variable transmission fluids (B-CVTFs). The influence of metal-metal tribological properties of various kinds of anti-wear additives were evaluated using a ball on plate tribometer, enabling lubricant film formation to be monitored during a reciprocating sliding test. In addition, contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to characterize the nature of the tribofilms at the namometre scale. For zinc-dithiophosphate (ZnDTPs), significant differences were observed in the friction coefficients and the topographic images between secondary and aryl type ZnDTP. The films derived from secondary type exhibit large solid pads, 5–30μm in length elongated in the sliding direction while the aryl type forms films in streaks on the ridges, with 8% higher friction coefficient than the secondary ZnDTP. Notably, the combination of over-based calcium sulphonate and hydrogen phosphite demonstrated a synergism with 8% higher friction coefficient and more stable film formation than the individual cases, providing a positive outcome for a BCVTF. Tribofilm species produced by a chemical reaction between hydrogen phosphite and over-based calcium sulphonate were densely deposited on the rubbing tracks, exhibiting rougher surfaces than those observed in the individual cases, consequently with a higher friction coefficient. These results suggest that the friction properties between metal-metal contacting surfaces strongly depend on the morphology of tribofilms derived from lubricant additives.
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Kogut, L., and K. Komvopoulos. "Adhesion Analysis for MEMS Based on Electrical Contact Resistance Measurements." In STLE/ASME 2003 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2003-trib-0271.
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Because adhesion forces are especially important at the submicron scale, they play a dominant role in several fields of nanotechnology, such as biology, atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging, magnetic disk drives, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The profound importance of adhesion forces in MEMS has been the principal theme of several studies. A common approach for measuring the surface energy is based on balancing the elastic energy stored in microcantilever beams partially adhered to substrates with the work of adhesion, assumed equal to the surface energy multiplied by the apparent area of the attached beam length. However, because the apparent contact area is significantly larger than the real contact area and the elastic energy stored in the deformed asperity microcontacts is neglected, this traditional method may greatly underestimate the interfacial adhesion energy. Consequently, the objective of this study was to develop a method for determining indirectly adhesion forces and adhesion energies form relatively simple in situ electrical contact resistance (ECR) measurements. The method presented herein is based on a theoretical treatment of the ECR encountered during contact of isotropic, conductive, rough surfaces, using multi-scale fractal description of the equivalent surface topography, constitutive contact relations for elastic-perfectly plastic asperity microcontacts, and size-dependent constriction resistance of microcontacts. Results are presented for the adhesion force and adhesion energy in terms of ECR for different surface topographies.
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Kogut, L., and K. Komvopoulos. "The Role of Surface Topography in MEMS Switches and Relays." In ASME/STLE 2004 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib2004-64359.
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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology employed to generate switches and relays has the potential to replace traditional solid-state devices due to broader operating temperature range, higher breakdown voltage, and much higher off-state resistance. Interest in MEMS switches and relays has surged recently, principally due to the demonstrated performance in switching radio-frequency signals. The role of surface topography in the performance and lifetime of MEMS switches and relays is the objective of this review paper. Special emphasis is given to an approach that accounts for effect of roughness and to the role of surface topography in the pull-in voltage and contact bouncing. A critical assessment of emerging topics where experimental and theoretical studies are still required in order to obtain better insight into the role of surface topography in MEMS switches and relays is presented.
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Kang, Young Sup, Carl H. Hager, Dongbu Cao, and Ryan D. Evans. "Effects of Texture Modification on Bearing RCF Life." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15089.
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Highly localized tribological contacts can modify the surface texture of rolling element bearing surfaces. The evolution of the surface texture generates modified subsurface stress fields within the contact and subsequently may alter the bearing rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life. In this present study, relationships between bearing surface topography and subsurface stress states are examined for their effects on bearing RCF life in the limiting case of boundary or dry contact. Results show that seemingly minor changes to surface topography may influence the stress distribution enough to affect RCF life under heavily loaded conditions.
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Pham, Duc-Cuong, R. Arvind Singh, Jinseok Kim, Sungwook Yang, and Eui-Sung Yoon. "Nano-Scale Tribological Properties of Silicon Pillars With the Variation in Pitch." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71289.
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Topographical modification of silicon (100) wafers was performed by the creation of nano-structures that consists of pillars with different pitch. The modified surfaces were investigated for their tribological characteristics at nano-scale in comparison with those of the bare silicon surface. Results showed that the modified surfaces have superior nano-tribological properties, as they reduce adhesion and friction forces significantly when compared to the bare silicon surface. Among the nano-structures, adhesion and friction forces reduce with the pitch. The topographical modification of silicon surfaces provides a promising solution to improve the tribological properties of miniaturized devices such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in which silicon is a typically used material.