Relevant bibliographies by topics / Topographic surveying

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Topographic surveying'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Topographic surveying"

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Zhang, Xiao, Yan Wang, and Haiyan He. "Brief Discussion of Surveying Technology of Three-dimensional Digital Topographic Map." Electronics Science Technology and Application 2 (December 3, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/esta.v2i1.6.

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3D digital Topographic drawing adopts 3D profile technology and demonstrates geographic space phenomenon to users, reflects the space features of geographic entity in an integrated and accurate manner and thus realizes even more complete, accurate and straight-forward expression of the objective world. It can not only express the plane relationship between space objects, but also accurately describe and express the ground elevation and geometric object height which upgrade the space expression ability and measuring level of digital map and enhance the space acknowledge ability and analytic ability of map. This article aims to elaborate on 3D digital topographic drawing in three aspects: surveying, mapping and application; mainly introduce the mapping methods of 3D topography and geometric object, integrated matching technologies of topographic model and geometric object model and application of 3D digital topographic drawing. It is expected to have a positive promotion role in the development of 3D GIS.
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Luh, L. C., H. Setan, Z. Majid, A. K. Chong, and Z. Tan. "High resolution survey for topographic surveying." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 18 (February 25, 2014): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/18/1/012067.

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Wei, Yuxue. "Practice of Small and Medium UAV in Large Scale Topographic Map." Journal of Smart Cities 5, no. 1 (2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/jsc.2020.01.003.

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As a basic surveying and mapping work, small uav has been widely used in large scale topographic mapping. According to the needs of production and construction, digital mapping methods and aerial photogrammetry are used to provide technical support for large scale topographic mapping in engineering construction surveying and mapping, urban planning and construction, cadastral surveying and other directions. In order to control the small uav in the terrain elevation information, mapping proportion accuracy and other aspects to get better improvement, the practice of small uav in large scale topographic map is deeply analyzed, in order to understand the practical application value of small uav in large scale topographic map.
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Du, Mengmeng, Hanyuan Li, and Ali Roshanianfard. "Design and Experimental Study on an Innovative UAV-LiDAR Topographic Mapping System for Precision Land Levelling." Drones 6, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120403.

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Topographic maps provide detailed information on variations in ground elevation, which is essential for precision farmland levelling. This paper reports the development and experimental study on an innovative approach of generating topographic maps at farmland-level with the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity of implementation. The experiment uses a low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a platform and integrates Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) distance measurements with Post-Processing Kinematic Global Positioning System (PPK-GNSS) coordinates. A topographic mapping experiment was conducted over two fields in Henan Province, China, and primitive errors of the topographic surveying data were evaluated. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between elevation data of the UAV-LiDAR topographic mapping system and ground truth data was calculated as 4.1 cm and 3.6 cm for Field 1 and Field 2, respectively, which proved the feasibility and high accuracy of the topographic mapping system. Furthermore, the accuracies of topographic maps generated using different geo-spatial interpolation models were also evaluated. The results showed that a TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) interpolation model expressed the best performances for both Field 1 with sparse topographic surveying points, and Field 2 with relatively dense topographic surveying points, when compared with other interpolation models. Moreover, we concluded that as the spatial resolution of topographic surveying points is intensified from 5 m × 0.5 m to 2.5 m × 0.5 m, the accuracy of the topographic map based on the TIN model improves drastically from 7.7 cm to 4.6 cm. Cut-fill analysis was also implemented based on the topographic maps of the TIN interpolation model. The result indicated that the UAV-LiDAR topographic mapping system could be successfully used to generate topographic maps with high accuracy, which could provide instructive information for precision farmland levelling.
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Stevens, D., W. M. McKay, and M. R. May. "TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING: THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION SURVEY." Photogrammetric Record 14, no. 79 (August 26, 2006): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1992.tb00209.x.

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Perera, G. S. N., and H. A. Nalani. "UAVS FOR A COMPLETE TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-441-2022.

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Abstract. With the advancement of sensor technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones revolutionize several fields including topographic surveying, agriculture, recreation, emergency, rescue and so on. The autonomous flight modes available in current UAVs make it broaden to manoeuvring by an unskilled person. This, of course, causes to widely use the drone technology among different user communities. Of the revolutionized fields, topographic surveying is prominent because many low cost UAVs with on-board light weight optical payloads often deliver mapping products such as ortho-photos and DEMs with centimetre level accuracy (in XY and Z) that had been exclusively bounded to the expensive field surveying methods earlier. Though drones enables to obtain centimetre level geometric accuracy, the main drawback of the technology is inability to see underneath vegetation canopy which hinders applicability of drones for a complete topographical survey. In order to view beneath the tree canopies, UAV LiDAR is a solution but due to its high cost, it is still not popular among several communities who involve with land surveying. To measure underside vegetation, field surveying methods such as total stations and theodolites traversing are being mainly practised by the users. But it is also not a viable solution since it consumes much time and money. If remotely sensed data collection is able to capture landscapes that had been hampers by the canopies, definitely it will be a cost effective and a rapid solution. As such, oblique imagery (UAV) acquired in manual flight mode at very low altitudes is a good solution. The objective of the study is to develop a novel approach to generate UAV deliveries without vegetation canopy in vegetated areas.First, autonomous flight mission is completed while maintaining 80% and 70% forward and lateral overlaps. For the terrain patches where they are covered by tree canopies, oblique imageries have been collected while operating the drone manually at low altitudes. Each UAV flight is separately processed and merged in to a single image to extract 2D maps without gaps beneath tree canopies. Re-sampling is fulfilled prior to stitching in order to gain a seamless product. Performed accuracy analysis confirmed that the developed approach is sufficient to produce DTMs and ortho-mosaics having average RMSE-XY 0.087m and RMSE-Z 0.177m at 4.0cm GSD which is really acceptable. Besides, there is not any significant accuracy variation between underneath canopy areas and open areas.
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Han, Sang-Hyun, and Jong-Sin Lee. "Availability Evaluation of Topographic Surveying Using Panoramic Image." Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2014.12.25.

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Castro-Garcia, M., A. M. Perez-Romero, M. J. Leon-Bonillo, and F. Manzano-Agugliaro. "Developing Topographic Surveying Software to Train Civil Engineers." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 143, no. 1 (January 2017): 04016013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ei.1943-5541.0000294.

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Kolkos, G., A. Stergiadou, A. Kantartzis, and A. Tselepis. "Accuracy of topographical instruments and Unmanned Aerial Systems for mapping and surveying environmental projects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012015.

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Abstract For the implementation of environmental technical projects, such as the urban forest management, a key element is the topographical and cartographic mapping of the area. Topographical instruments are based on digital, aerial or satellite information’s that can be used for producing topographical maps. This research aims to highlight that UAVs in combination with low-cost survey methods, produce topographical mapping with accepted accuracy for the implementation of environmental projects, how we can survey a road network in order to produce digital topographic maps and also how the implementation of four different ways of measuring can help us to accomplish it. The methods for executing topographic projects differ in quality, accuracy, time and cost. The results of surveying with a total station, a binary satellite positioning system, a handheld satellite positioning system and an unmanned aerial system were compared based on the accuracy of the results. Estimation of measurement error combined by the time required and the cost of each instrument and associated software for data processing were estimated. The results obtained prove that low-cost methods give sufficient and acceptable accuracy; especially the Unmanned Aerial Systems, are capable of being used for the design and implementation of forest urbanization studies.
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Litynskyi, Volodymyr, Svyatoslav Litynskyi, Anatolii Vivat, Mykhailo Fys, and Andrii Brydun. "The accuracy investigation of point coordinates’ determination using a fixed basis for high-precision geodesy binding." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 107, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2019-0003.

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AbstractModern scanners can perform terrestrial topographic survey with resolution of 1 cm and accuracy of 2 mm in just a few minute‘s time, from the distance of up to 100 meters. However, for surface topographical surveying of large territories or complex industrial objects, it is necessary to conduct geodetic traverses and perform their binding to the points of the geodesic basis. One method of coordinate transferring during surveying is by using the method of inverse linear-angular intersection, which involves the measuring of the respective sides S1, S2 and the β angle between them. This method is more precise than the classical one, which usually contains centring and reduction errors. The linear-angular intersection method can also be used for many applications in engineering geodesy, for laying geodetic traverses, and for binding to the wall based points of ground-surveying.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Topographic surveying"

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Bangen, Sara G. "Comparison of Topographic Surveying Techniques in Streams." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1516.

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Fine-scale resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) created from data collected using high precision instruments have become ubiquitous in fluvial geomorphology. They permit a diverse range of spatially explicit analyses including hydraulic modeling, habitat modeling and geomorphic change detection. Yet, the intercomparison of survey technologies across a diverse range of wadeable stream habitats has not yet been examined. Additionally, we lack an understanding regarding the precision of DEMs derived from ground-based surveys conducted by different, and inherently subjective, observers. This thesis addresses current knowledge gaps with the objectives i) to intercompare survey techniques for characterizing instream topography, and ii) to characterize observer variability in instream topographic surveys. To address objective i, we used total station (TS), real-time kinematic (rtk) GPS, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), and infrared airborne laser scanning (ALS) topographic data from six sites of varying complexity in the Lemhi River Basin, Idaho. The accuracy of derived bare earth DEMs was evaluated relative to higher precision TS point data. Significant DEM discrepancies between pairwise techniques were calculated using propagated DEM errors thresholded at a 95% confidence interval. Mean discrepancies between TS and rtkGPS DEMs were relatively low (≤ 0.05 m), yet TS data collection time was up to 2.4 times longer than rtkGPS. ALS DEMs had lower accuracy than TS or rtkGPS DEMs, but ALS aerial coverage and floodplain topographic representation was superior to all other techniques. The TLS bare earth DEM accuracy and precision were lower than other techniques as a result of vegetation returns misinterpreted as ground returns. To address objective ii, we used a case study where seven field crews surveyed the same six sites to quantify the magnitude and effect of observer variability on DEMs interpolated from the survey data. We modeled two geomorphic change scenarios and calculated net erosion and deposition volumes at a 95% confidence interval. We observed several large magnitude elevation discrepancies across crews, however many of these i) tended to be highly localized, ii) were due to systematic errors, iii) did not significantly affect DEM-derived metric precision, and iv) can be corrected post-hoc.
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BELL, BERNARD WHITE JR. "DIGITAL HETERODYNE TOPOGRAPHY (MOIRE, CONTOURING, PROFILOMETRY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187971.

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Digital heterodyne methods are employed in conjunction with periodic fringe projection to produce a fast automated surface relief measurement technique. A method of sampling the image with a solid state detector array which produces a moire fringe image free of the noise terms normally present with moire techniques is presented along with an extension to Whittaker-Shannon sampling theory to cover the moire aliasing phenomena. The limitations imposed on the surface slopes by the requirement that the properly moire sampled image spectra must be confined to a moire interval are given. Moire sampling allows an optical processing step (removal of the reference surface tilt), while classical nonaliased sampling produces the same information with respect to a tilted surface. General additive noise is analyzed as regards both integrating bucket and phase stepping algorithms and yields a signal to noise ratio dependent error with twice the frequency of the fringes for some algorithms. A phase averaging technique which eliminates these oscillatory errors as well as those caused by reference phase shift errors in all the algorithms is demonstrated. Both parallel and divergent geometries are discussed. The feasibility is experimentally demonstrated with results for the parallel case based on a system composed of commercially obtainable components.
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Pilkington, Mark. "Determination of crustal interface topography from potential fields." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=71958.

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A method is presented for the determination of interface topography of multi-layered crustal models from gravity or magnetic data. The technique is developed within the framework of discrete linear inverse theory and exploits the quasi-linearity of the problem to derive a simple cost-effective algorithm suitable for use on large gridded data sets.
Variation of auxiliary parameters allows a suite of acceptable models to be produced rapidly and appraised in the light of available geological and geophysical evidence. When independent knowledge concerning the behaviour of specified interfaces is available, the incorporation of such data in the form of linear equality constraints is outlined.
The proposed method is applied to Curie isotherm and Moho mapping in the Abitibi greenstone belt.
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Grant, Lillian Elizabeth. "A detailed topographical study of the Summerville-Charleston, South Carolina epicentral zone." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25993.

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Baldwin, Jesse H. "Variability in beach topography and forcing along Oak Island, North Carolina." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/baldwinj/jessebaldwin.pdf.

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Georgiopoulos, Andreas Xenophon. "Models for the upper crust of the Chaleston, South Carolina, seismic zone based on gravity and magnetic data." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25861.

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Charrier, Richard Li Yingkui. "Assessing the resolution effects of digital elevation models on automated floodplain delineation a case study from the Camp Creek Watershed in Missouri /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5337.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 21, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Yingkui (Philip) Li. Includes bibliographical references.
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Baker, Kenneth R. "Assessment of the adequacy of USCGS data tapes for transmitter coverage area calculations." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91083.

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This thesis describes the findings of research conducted as to the feasibility of using the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS) digital topographic database for the automated prediction of radio transmitter coverage area. The objective was to assess the adequacy of the USCGS database to support radio-frequency path-loss and terrain clearance calculations. The assessment was made by investigating the basic features of the tapes and of the coverage calculation process. From this investigation, a prototype computer program was developed which calculated coverage areas from sample data tapes. The computer code for the program is included.
M.S.
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Vargas, Rosane Maciel de Araújo. "Análise da aplicação do Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) em levantamento topográfico de vias urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-13062017-092045/.

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Os levantamentos topográficos para implantação de vias urbanas são usualmente realizados utilizando instrumentos e processos clássicos da topografia. A presença de obstáculos (casas, prédios) ao longo do percurso, reduz a produtividade do trabalho além de contribuir para a imprecisão dos resultados. Este trabalho analisa a metodologia de utilização de receptores do sistema GPS (Global Positioning System) para o georeferenciamento, implantação de bases de apoio e complementação ao levantamento convencional com Estação Total. No desenvolvimento do projeto de uma via, é de esperar que desvios centimétricos na determinação das coordenadas dos pontos das bases de referência pouco afetam os resultados finais. Procurando verificar a contribuição destes desvios, foram realizados vários levantamentos convencionais e com o GPS ao longo do eixo de uma via projetada na cidade de São Carlos. No final do trabalho são analisados aspectos referentes a execução destes levantamentos, concluindo sobre as vantagens e desvantagens de cada método e da integração GPS e Estação Total.
The surveying for development of urban roads are usually accomplished by using instruments and processes of classic Topography. The presence of obstacles (houses, buildings) along the course it reduces the productivity of the work besides contributing for the imprecision of the results. This work analyzes the methodology of use of receivers of the GPS (Global Positioning System) for georeferring, implant of support bases and complementation to the surveying with Total Station. In the development of the project of a road, it is expected that centimetric deviations in the determination of the points coordinates of the reference bases cause small effects in the final results. Trying to verify the contribution of these deviations, several surveys were accomplished with the Total Station and GPS along the axis of a road projected in the city of São Carlos. In the end of the work several aspects are analyzed about the execution of these surveys, concluding on the advantages and disadvantages of each method and of the integration GPS and Total Station.
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Liao, Suan-Yang, and 廖先揚. "Application of Binocular Stereo Imaging for the Beach Topographic Surveying." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cyx89w.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
102
In this study, we used dual-lens stereoscopic image processing technology to reconstruct 3D digital terrain models and complete related function development and tests, such as the external adjustment of a stereoscopic photographing system, image matching, and 3D terrain reconstruction. This technology was subsequently applied to beach terrain observation. We used two methods involving the use of checkerboard grid and laser spots as the feature points to eliminate the difficulty of discerning feature points on the beach, where the homogenous color levels are consistent. Through various experimental arrangements, we explored the methods and accuracy of reconstructing 3D coordinates by using dual-lens stereoscopic images. The proposed method can be applied to actual beach terrain measurement and reduce the frequency of conducting traditional terrain plotting and measurements, human effort, and time. This study involved three experiments, which were performed to explore the measurement accuracy of stereoscopic photographing technology: (a) We used 60 cm #westeur024# 60 cm self-devised simulated terrain in a laboratory to conduct observations. The successful matching rate and the time required for calculation in gray or RGB color models involving various target window sizes was explored. The effects that the number of pictures photographed (measurement points), control points, and the camera angle had on precision were compared. The results indicated that the minimal average altitude error reached 0.039 cm. The minimal total volume error percentage between the reconstructed 3D digital model and the actual model was 0.152%. (b) Actual outdoor observations were conducted at the sea wall behind the College of Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University. The results indicated that the checkerboard altitude error was -1.3–5.9 cm; the altitude error produced when using laser spots was -14.9–11.6 cm. (c) Actual observation was performed at the beach of Yanliao Coastal Park on the northeast coast of Taiwan. After coordinate translation and adjusting the parameters, the results indicated that the altitude error was -1.1–7.4 cm and that using laser spots as feature points not only solved the problem of consistency in the homogenous color levels on the beach, but also substantially increased the testing duration in which a single observer operate independently. The experimental results indicated that the dual-lens stereoscopic image system can be applied to observe beach terrains.
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Books on the topic "Topographic surveying"

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Foley, Robert C. Field surveying and topographic mapping in Alaska: 1947-83. [Reston, Va.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Foley, Robert C. Field surveying and topographic mapping in Alaska: 1947-83. [Reston, Va.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Foley, Robert C. Field surveying and topographic mapping in Alaska: 1947-83. [Reston, Va.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Foley, Robert C. Field surveying and topographic mapping Alaska: 1947-83. [Reston, Va.?]: Dept. of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Ilche ŭi Hanbando ch'ŭngnyang chimnyaksa: Chosŏnmal - Ilche kangjŏmgi. Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si: Pŏmmunsa, 2011.

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Kravchenko, Yuriy. Surveying. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/textbook_5900a29b032774.83960082.

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The contents of the book corre-sponds to the curriculum of surveying for building schools. Including historical and general information about on geodesy, the basic principles of treatment results of geodetic measurements, information about topographic maps and plans and solutions the problems with their use, description of instruments and methods of measurement of angles, distances and excesses on the earth surface, information about horizontal and vertical geo-detic networks, methods for creat-ing and processing survey geodes-ic networks, types and methods of survey, a description of the meth-ods removal projects in nature, description of the geodetic works in prospecting, designing and con-struction of objects capital con-struction.
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Survey, United States Geological. Field Surveying and Topographic Mapping in Alaska: 1947-83. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Baines, Peter G. Topographic effects in stratified flows. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Evans, R. T. History of the Topographic Branch (Division). Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.

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Evans, R. T. History of the Topographic Branch (Division). Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Topographic surveying"

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Fish, Robert J. "The Planetable: Instruments and Methods for Topographic Surveys and Construction Layout." In The Surveying Handbook, 728–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1188-2_21.

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Casella, Vittorio, and Marica Franzini. "Geomatics for Terrain’s Deformation Monitoring: The H2020 LiquefACT Field Trial in Pieve di Cento, Italy." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 133–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94426-1_11.

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AbstractThe paper presents a case study on the application of Geomatics to terrain’s deformation monitoring. Within the EU H2020 LiquefACT project, the Laboratory of Geomatics of the University of Pavia (Italy) was appointed to quantify the subsidence suffered by the terrain due to some trials conducted in the test site of Pieve di Cento, Northern Italy. Geomatics has long been used for deformation monitoring, but present paper deals with two peculiar elements: the constraints given by the test field, its layout, the allowed and forbidden actions, that forced the surveyors to elaborate an unconventional surveying design, and the use of a state-of-the-art instrument, the Trimble SX10. It mainly is a high-level topographic total station; being robotized, it has interesting laser scanning capabilities. In the paper, the survey design will be illustrated and discussed, and a selection of the obtained results will be presented. They highlight how much geomatics can be flexible and adaptable and, at the same time, precise and accurate.
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Guo, Mingming, Gang Liu, and Xinlei Li. "Design and Experiment of Onboard Field 3D Topography Surveying System." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture IV, 409–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18333-1_48.

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Parisi, Erica I. Parisi, Valentina Bonora, and Grazia Tucci. "Metodi innovativi per l’insegnamento della Geomatica: il video a 360° come strumenti per le esercitazioni sui sistemi a scansione 3D." In Studi e saggi, 91–101. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-646-9.12.

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The chapter illustrates the results of the educational use of 360° video in the field of Geomatics. Geomatics is the discipline that deals with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of spatial data with the contribution of information technologies. The GeCo Lab has been experimenting in the last few years innovative educational approaches supported by multimedia and interactive tools. The goal within the SEPA360 project has been to use the potentialities of 360° videos to simulate surveying activities, by using topography and laser scanning systems, for the documentation of built heritage, to provide teaching supporting materials for different Geomatic courses active at the University of Florence. The final outputs consist of two videos: one non-interactive with an “educational” approach, to introduce some theoretical concepts, and the other one with an “self-evaluation” purpose, with interactions, added in Vivista.
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Yong, Fang, Zhang Li, Gong Hui, Cao Bincai, Gao Li, and Hu Haiyan. "Spaceborne LiDAR Surveying and Mapping." In LiDAR Technology - From Surveying to Digital Twins [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108177.

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Laser point cloud data have the characteristics of high elevation accuracy, fast processing efficiency, strong three-dimensional (3D) vision, and wide application fields. It will be one of the core datasets of the new generation national global topographic database. The rapid advancement of spaceborne laser earth observation technology allows the collection of global 3D point cloud data, which has brought a new breakthrough in the field of satellite-based earth observation, and its significant advantages of all-day time, high accuracy and high efficiency will lead the future development of space precise mapping technology. This chapter firstly introduces the principle and development status of satellite-based LiDAR technology, then presents the basic technical framework of satellite-based LiDAR 3D mapping, and analyzes the data processing methods of spaceborne photon point clouds, and finally, focuses on the application research in various fields including precise geolocation of combined with satellite images, fusion of multi-source topographic information, polar mapping, 3D objects reconstruction, and shallow sea topographic mapping, etc.
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Kennedy, D. M. "14.10 Topographic Field Surveying in Geomorphology." In Treatise on Geomorphology, 110–18. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00377-8.

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Benli, Gülhan, and Eylem Görmüş Ekizce. "Use of Laser Scanner for Digital Surveying of the Sarnicli Inn and the Byzantine Cistern Underneath." In Architecture and Design, 275–303. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7314-2.ch010.

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Measurement methods including traditional measurement methods, topographic and photogrammetric measurement methods, measurements via laser scanning devices and aerial photogrammetric measurement methods obtained using model airplane or model helicopters are used in documentation of the cultural heritage and protected areas in our country. Although data obtained by Aerial Lidar technology accepted as advanced technology over the past decade, enables faster data comparing to others as data obtained by terrestrial laser scanners provide millimetre level accuracy close-range scanning methods are preferred in architectural facades scanning during the process of surveying of a single building. Inclusion process of a Byzantine cistern in Istanbul, Turkey, which was undiscovered for centuries, in our cultural heritage as well as surveying stages of the cistern along with the inn structure built over, using 3D scanning technology shall be described within this study.
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Benli, Gülhan, and Eylem Görmüş Ekizce. "Use of Laser Scanner for Digital Surveying of the Sarnicli Inn and the Byzantine Cistern Underneath." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 227–54. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0675-1.ch008.

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Measurement methods including traditional measurement methods, topographic and photogrammetric measurement methods, measurements via laser scanning devices and aerial photogrammetric measurement methods obtained using model airplane or model helicopters are used in documentation of the cultural heritage and protected areas in our country. Although data obtained by Aerial Lidar technology accepted as advanced technology over the past decade, enables faster data comparing to others as data obtained by terrestrial laser scanners provide millimetre level accuracy close-range scanning methods are preferred in architectural facades scanning during the process of surveying of a single building. Inclusion process of a Byzantine cistern in Istanbul, Turkey, which was undiscovered for centuries, in our cultural heritage as well as surveying stages of the cistern along with the inn structure built over, using 3D scanning technology shall be described within this study.
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Remondino, Fabio. "Worth a thousand words – Photogrammetry for archaeological 3D surveying." In Interpreting Archaeological Topography, 115–22. Oxbow Books, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dqdz.14.

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Garreaud, René D., and Patricio Aceituno. "Atmospheric Circulation and Climatic Variability." In The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0010.

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Regional variations in South America’s weather and climate reflect the atmospheric circulation over the continent and adjacent oceans, involving mean climatic conditions and regular cycles, as well as their variability on timescales ranging from less than a few months to longer than a year. Rather than surveying mean climatic conditions and variability over different parts of South America, as provided by Schwerdtfeger and Landsberg (1976) and Hobbs et al. (1998), this chapter presents a physical understanding of the atmospheric phenomena and precipitation patterns that explain the continent’s weather and climate. These atmospheric phenomena are strongly affected by the topographic features and vegetation patterns over the continent, as well as by the slowly varying boundary conditions provided by the adjacent oceans. The diverse patterns of weather, climate, and climatic variability over South America, including tropical, subtropical, and midlatitude features, arise from the long meridional span of the continent, from north of the equator south to 55°S. The Andes cordillera, running continuously along the west coast of the continent, reaches elevations in excess of 4 km from the equator to about 40°S and, therefore, represents a formidable obstacle for tropospheric flow. As shown later, the Andes not only acts as a “climatic wall” with dry conditions to the west and moist conditions to the east in the subtropics (the pattern is reversed in midlatitudes), but it also fosters tropical-extratropical interactions, especially along its eastern side. The Brazilian plateau also tends to block the low-level circulation over subtropical South America. Another important feature is the large area of continental landmass at low latitudes (10°N–20°S), conducive to the development of intense convective activity that supports the world’s largest rain forest in the Amazon basin. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon, rooted in the ocean-atmosphere system of the tropical Pacific, has a direct strong influence over most of tropical and subtropical South America. Similarly, sea surface temperature anomalies over the Atlantic Ocean have a profound impact on the climate and weather along the eastern coast of the continent. In this section we describe the long-term annual and monthly mean fields of several meteorological variables.
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Conference papers on the topic "Topographic surveying"

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Heincke, B., T. Spillmann, H. Horstmeyer, and Alan G. Green. "3D georadar surveying in areas of moderate topographic relief." In Ninth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR2002), edited by Steven Koppenjan and Hua Lee. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462261.

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Suo, Chen, Eugene McGovern, and Alan Gilmer. "UAV Data for Coastal Dune Mapping." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.245.

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High resolution topographic maps are critical for the development of rigorous and quantitative numerical simulation landscape models. These models can inform targeted land management actions that maintain biodiversity and ecological functions. Mapping functional vegetation communities to obtain accurate distribution and population estimates is an important element of landscape models and is a challenging task which requires a considerable investment in time and resources. A recent development in surveying technologies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s), also known as drones, has enabled high resolution and high accuracy ground-based data to be gathered quickly and easily on-site. The application of UAV’s represents a new opportunity to survey relatively large areas in significantly less time compared to other on-site surveying methods, including GPS, robotic total stations and terrestrial laser scanners. The objective of this research is to use UAV technology to create topographical and vegetation mapping of coastal dune complexes with particular reference to the Brittas-Buckroney dune complex in Co. Wicklow. As the area of study site was about 60 hectares, it was divided into three sections, North, Centre and South. This paper presents the five steps to achieve the objective, setting ground control points, making an autonomous flight plan, flying the UAV for data collection, data processing and result analysis via ArcGIS. The final result, processed by specific software PIX4D, was a topographical map of the study site in the Irish Transverse Mercator coordinate system, with a resolution of 0.125 m and Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error 0.050 m. In conclusion, UAV technology provides new possibilities for mapping as it maximizes improvement of the data quality while reducing the investment in time and labour.
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Popescu, Cosmin Alin. "AIRBORNE LIDAR TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b21/s10.121.

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Baumanis, Atis, and Māris Kaļinka. "FROM TOPOGRAPHY TO VIRTUAL REALITY." In 23rd Conference for Junior Researchers „Civilinė inžinerija ir geodezija“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/geo.2020.008.

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The supply of surveying tools and software has grown rapidly in recent decades, as has the quality demands of surveying products from designers, customers and supervisors. This article examines innovative surveying methods and compares the methods in terms of accuracy, availability, and cost. The author, drawing on the views of industry leaders, has outlined future surveyor missions, tasks and opportunities to influence and improve the design process. The article explores the latest spatial data acquisition techniques like laser scanning, digital photogrammetry, LIDAR, Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), appliances and perspectives of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) as parts of Extended Reality (XR) in design and visualization.
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Zhao, Zheng, Jixian Zhang, Ming-hui Yang, Guo-man Huang, and Rong-bin Wang. "Experimental research of high-resolution AIRSAR in the topography of surveying and mapping." In Third International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, edited by Hanqing Lu and Tianxu Zhang. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.538557.

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Kuklys, Indrius, Dainora Jankauskienė, Lina Kuklienė, and Birutė Ruzgienė. "Some aspects on mapping technologies used for capturin and modelling of small architectural objects." In Research for Rural Development 2021 : annual 27th International scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.037.

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The mapping of protected architectural heritage objects acquiring valuable geoinformation data is relevant today and in the future. The research is based on detection the preferable mapping technique for inspection and capturing the position of small architectural objects in public space, presenting the real geographic/ cartographic information for consumers in appropriate digital environment. The analysis and discussion involve the definition of appropriate technology, implementing goals of the culture strategy in Lithuania, preserving and updating information about cultural monuments, creating the open access to everyone. Applying different techniques, two projects were realized: 1) the mapping and 3D modelling of sculptures in public space – small objects of city park; 2) the mapping of architectural heritage object – field museum, located in open territory with natural topography. Up-to-date mapping/ surveying methodologies as Remote Sensing (RS), Aerial Photogrammetry, Terrestrial Lidar Scanning (TLS), specialized geoinformation systems, UAV-Photogrammetry and classical surveying have been used for providing the spatial products of area topography and 3D models of any architectural objects, opening up cultural values of protected unique objects for the public and allows them to be easily accessed remotely. The analysis of results deals with applicability of TLS technique, that provides effectiveness of 3D modelling and UAV-Photogrammetry with high resolution of aerial imaging and modelling solution. Some disadvantages have been highlighted on the use of orthophoto map for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) needs.
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Barliba, Livia Luminita. "RTK GPS TECHNOLOGY USE FOR A WORK OF DELIMITATION AND TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING OF THE MONASTERY LAND FROM DOBRESTI VILLAGE, TIMIS COUNTY." In 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2016. Stef92 Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2016/b22/s09.067.

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Mora García, Raúl Tomás, Ma Francisca Céspedes López, and Miguel Louis Cereceda. "Aplicación de la fotogrametría en el levantamiento gráfico de la Iglesia de San José en Elche." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7557.

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La Iglesia de San José en Elche, situada en la provincia de Alicante (España), está declarada Bien de Interés Cultural. Es una construcción de estilo barroco que se comenzó a ejecutar en el año 1561. SanJosé formaba parte del convento franciscano de la población, donde actualmente se sitúa la Biblioteca Municipal. Aún siendo una construcción tan singular, no existe información gráfica de la misma, por lo que se considera necesario documentarla. Para ello, se van a utilizar sistemas tradicionales de levantamientos gráficos junto con otros sistemas más actuales y económicos como es la fotogrametría por intersección directa. Se pretende comprobar la fiabilidad de la fotogrametría frente a los sistemas tradicionales empleados en la documentación gráfica del Patrimonio edificado. Además, se busca generar ortofotos de las fachadas para representar texturas en verdadera magnitud. Otra finalidad del estudio es dar a conocer el patrimonio arquitectónico de nuestras ciudades mediante el empleo de las nuevas tecnologías. La metodología empleada para la resolución de esta investigación se ha basado en métodos analíticos, fundamentados principalmente en la observación científica y en la medición cuantitativa. Los materiales empleados han sido: cámaras digitales, medidor láser, nivel láser, estación total con medición directa sin prima, software AutoCAD 2006 y PhotoModeler 6. Con esta investigación se ha generado documentación gráfica del edificio que describe su estado actual. Se cree necesaria la utilización de la fotogrametría en todo levantamiento del patrimonio edificado, por ser un sistema del que se extrae mucha información y al mismo tiempo es accesible económicamente, fácil y rápido de utilizar. Se concluye con el estudio que los resultados de la fotogrametría dependen de la escala a la que se va a grafiar el dibujo, puesto que las zonas más alejados y de peor visibilidad pueden suponer errores no aceptables. Por ello se recomienda complementar la toma de datos mediante sistemas tradicionales topográficos. The church of San José in Elche, in the province of Alicante (Spain), has been declared a Site of Special Cultural Significance. Begun in 1561, the baroque church formed part of the town’s Franciscan convent and now houses the Elche Municipal Library. Despite the uniqueness of this building, no graphic information existed and it was thus deemed necessary for it to be documented. Traditional graphic surveying systems were used, together with more up-to-date and cheaper systems, including direct-intersection photogrammetry. The aim was to determine the reliability of photogrammetry compared with traditional systems used in graphically documenting heritage buildings. A second objective was to produce orthophotos of the church’s exterior to present its textures in true dimensions. The study also aimed to raise awareness of the architectural heritage of our towns through the use of new technologies. The research for this project used analytical methods involving mainly scientific observation and quantitative measurement. The following materials were used: digital cameras, laser meter, laser level, prismless total station, and AutoCAD 2006 and PhotoModeler 6 software. The research produced graphic documentation of the building in its current condition. Photogrammetry was deemed necessary for all surveying of the building, as it is an affordable system that is both fast and easy to use, and extracts detailed information. This study can conclude that results from photogrammetry depend on the scale at which the image is to be shown, as unacceptable errors may result from more distant and less visible areas. It is therefore recommended for all data gathered to be complemented with traditional systems of topography.
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Ko¨nnecke, Stefan. "The New ATLAS FANSWEEP 30 COASTAL: A Tool for Efficient and Reliable Hydrographic Survey." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92242.

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The main field of application of a multi-beam echosounder is hydrographic surveying, in other words acquisition of bottom topography information. This kind of bathymetric data is needed by a large number of users for harbour and coastal zone management, resource exploration, hydrographic charting for safety of navigation and many other tasks. Tools for highly efficient investigation of the seafloor, including rapid sediment classification, as well as reliable object detection are of high interest to offshore construction projects. Throughout the last couple of years, ATLAS Hydrographic has been concentrating on the development of the next generation of hydrographic survey echosounders. One of the results is the ATLAS FANSWEEP 30 family of multi-beam echosounders (MBES). This family of sonars offers an innovative new approach of multi-beam echosounder technology for hydrographic surveys. The ATLAS FANSWEEP 30 COASTAL, the first member of the ATLAS FANSWEEP 30 MBES family, is breaking new ground. Innovations, such as Simultaneous Multi-Ping, wide bandwidth transducer, multiple time and multi-view scanning of the seafloor for object search, address a single purpose: to improve survey efficiency while multiplying data reliability and resolution. With the FS30C the new Simultaneous Multi-Ping (SMP) is introduced. SMP utilises the complete frequency range between 100 kHz and 200 kHz to transmit and receive eight frequency separate pings at every ping interval. Four of these eight pings are forward, the other four backward looking mapping the seafloor from two independent directions. Thus, every bit of the mapped seafloor is looked at from two different directions. The 8x Simultaneous Multi-Ping enables the hydrographer to run the survey operation at high speeds. Still, the 8x SMP can ensure more than 300% bottom ensonification. That means every patch of seafloor is measured at least 3-times at one pass. The gained data redundancy is used to enhance not only data accuracy and reliability, but in particular the capability to recognise objects on the sea floor. Beginning at signal transmission, through reception beamforming to the point of real-time data gridding capabilities, the complete data flow is controlled by a built-in data evaluation solution. The new ATLAS FANSWEEP 30 COASTAL is a well suited tool to satisfy actual and upcoming demands in highly efficient and most reliable survey operations.
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Silva, Reginaldo Macedônio da, Vagner Einsfel, Gabriel Soares, Stefânia Beretta Lenz, and Carolina Stelter. "El 3D del Campus II de la Universidad Feevale." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Mexicali: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7615.

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El trabajo fue desarrollado por el Laboratorio de Geoprocesamiento y Topografía la Universidad Feevale en la ciudad de Novo Hamburgo - RS, Brasil. La propuesta tiene como objetivo producir el Campus II de la Universidad Feevale en 3D (tres dimensiones), con la finalidad de facilitar la visualización de la infraestructura y ayudar en la necesidad de otros sectores de la institución, como prestar asistencia en la planificación y creación de nuevos proyectos de edificios, así como la disponibilidad de las informaciones en forma de videos, a través de la web en el link “Localize-se na Feevale”, para la navegación virtual en los edificios del Campus II. El proyecto se desarrolló a partir de los planos de los edificios existentes con los datos del levantamiento topográfico planialtimetric del Campus II, desarrollado por el laboratorio. Con los planos de los edificios se ha elaborado un modelo en 3D de cada uno de los edificios por separado, con el uso del software SketchUp, haciendo la unificación posterior de los datos en el modelo digital del terreno, creado a partir de datos levantados con topografía. El proyecto tiene como consecuencia de los resultados una mejor ubicación y visualización del Campus II para los nuevos académicos y también para la comunidad externa, así como la implementación del proyecto existente en la web (Localize-se na Feevale). Las informaciones generadas tiene permitido al sector del “Projetos e Obras” a criar nuevas propuestas del proyectos del edificaciones, así como hacer planificaciones del Campus II y también para locomoción de las personas. Con los datos generados fue posible hacer una planificación para el nuevo centro de eventos que se quedará terminado para el próximo año. The work was developed by the Laboratory of Geoprocessing and Surveying Feevale University in the city of Novo Hamburgo - RS, Brazil. The proposal aims to produce the University Campus II Feevale 3D (three dimensional), in order to facilitate the visualization of the infrastructure and assist in the need for other sectors of the institution, as assistance in planning and create new building projects and the availability of the information in the form of videos, in the web at the link "Localize-se na Feevale" to virtual navigation in buildings Campus II. The project was developed from drawings of the existing buildings with survey data planialtimetric Campus II, developed bu the laboratory. With the plans of the buildings has developed a 3D model of each building separately, using SketchUp software, making the subsequent unification of the data in the digital terrain model, created from data gathered with topography. The project is a consequence of the result a better location and visualization of the Campus II display for the new academic and also to the external community as well as the implementation of the existing plan on the web (Localize-se na Feevale). The information generated has enabled the sector's "Projetos e Obras" to raise new buildings project proposals and planning to Campus II and also for locomotion to the people. The data generated was possible to make a plan for the new events center to be completed in next year.
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Reports on the topic "Topographic surveying"

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Work plan for monitor well installation water and sediment sample collection aquifer testing and topographic surveying at the Riverton, Wyoming, UMTRA Project Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/108170.

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