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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Topographic surveying'
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1
Bangen, Sara G. "Comparison of Topographic Surveying Techniques in Streams." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1516.
Full textAbstract:
Fine-scale resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) created from data collected using high precision instruments have become ubiquitous in fluvial geomorphology. They permit a diverse range of spatially explicit analyses including hydraulic modeling, habitat modeling and geomorphic change detection. Yet, the intercomparison of survey technologies across a diverse range of wadeable stream habitats has not yet been examined. Additionally, we lack an understanding regarding the precision of DEMs derived from ground-based surveys conducted by different, and inherently subjective, observers. This thesis addresses current knowledge gaps with the objectives i) to intercompare survey techniques for characterizing instream topography, and ii) to characterize observer variability in instream topographic surveys. To address objective i, we used total station (TS), real-time kinematic (rtk) GPS, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), and infrared airborne laser scanning (ALS) topographic data from six sites of varying complexity in the Lemhi River Basin, Idaho. The accuracy of derived bare earth DEMs was evaluated relative to higher precision TS point data. Significant DEM discrepancies between pairwise techniques were calculated using propagated DEM errors thresholded at a 95% confidence interval. Mean discrepancies between TS and rtkGPS DEMs were relatively low (≤ 0.05 m), yet TS data collection time was up to 2.4 times longer than rtkGPS. ALS DEMs had lower accuracy than TS or rtkGPS DEMs, but ALS aerial coverage and floodplain topographic representation was superior to all other techniques. The TLS bare earth DEM accuracy and precision were lower than other techniques as a result of vegetation returns misinterpreted as ground returns. To address objective ii, we used a case study where seven field crews surveyed the same six sites to quantify the magnitude and effect of observer variability on DEMs interpolated from the survey data. We modeled two geomorphic change scenarios and calculated net erosion and deposition volumes at a 95% confidence interval. We observed several large magnitude elevation discrepancies across crews, however many of these i) tended to be highly localized, ii) were due to systematic errors, iii) did not significantly affect DEM-derived metric precision, and iv) can be corrected post-hoc.
2
BELL, BERNARD WHITE JR. "DIGITAL HETERODYNE TOPOGRAPHY (MOIRE, CONTOURING, PROFILOMETRY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187971.
Full textAbstract:
Digital heterodyne methods are employed in conjunction with periodic fringe projection to produce a fast automated surface relief measurement technique. A method of sampling the image with a solid state detector array which produces a moire fringe image free of the noise terms normally present with moire techniques is presented along with an extension to Whittaker-Shannon sampling theory to cover the moire aliasing phenomena. The limitations imposed on the surface slopes by the requirement that the properly moire sampled image spectra must be confined to a moire interval are given. Moire sampling allows an optical processing step (removal of the reference surface tilt), while classical nonaliased sampling produces the same information with respect to a tilted surface. General additive noise is analyzed as regards both integrating bucket and phase stepping algorithms and yields a signal to noise ratio dependent error with twice the frequency of the fringes for some algorithms. A phase averaging technique which eliminates these oscillatory errors as well as those caused by reference phase shift errors in all the algorithms is demonstrated. Both parallel and divergent geometries are discussed. The feasibility is experimentally demonstrated with results for the parallel case based on a system composed of commercially obtainable components.
3
Pilkington, Mark. "Determination of crustal interface topography from potential fields." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=71958.
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A method is presented for the determination of interface topography of multi-layered crustal models from gravity or magnetic data. The technique is developed within the framework of discrete linear inverse theory and exploits the quasi-linearity of the problem to derive a simple cost-effective algorithm suitable for use on large gridded data sets.Variation of auxiliary parameters allows a suite of acceptable models to be produced rapidly and appraised in the light of available geological and geophysical evidence. When independent knowledge concerning the behaviour of specified interfaces is available, the incorporation of such data in the form of linear equality constraints is outlined.
The proposed method is applied to Curie isotherm and Moho mapping in the Abitibi greenstone belt.
4
Grant, Lillian Elizabeth. "A detailed topographical study of the Summerville-Charleston, South Carolina epicentral zone." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25993.
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Baldwin, Jesse H. "Variability in beach topography and forcing along Oak Island, North Carolina." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/baldwinj/jessebaldwin.pdf.
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Georgiopoulos, Andreas Xenophon. "Models for the upper crust of the Chaleston, South Carolina, seismic zone based on gravity and magnetic data." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25861.
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Charrier, Richard Li Yingkui. "Assessing the resolution effects of digital elevation models on automated floodplain delineation a case study from the Camp Creek Watershed in Missouri /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5337.
Full textAbstract:
The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 21, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Yingkui (Philip) Li. Includes bibliographical references.
8
Baker, Kenneth R. "Assessment of the adequacy of USCGS data tapes for transmitter coverage area calculations." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91083.
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This thesis describes the findings of research conducted as to the feasibility of using the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS) digital topographic database for the automated prediction of radio transmitter coverage area. The objective was to assess the adequacy of the USCGS database to support radio-frequency path-loss and terrain clearance calculations. The assessment was made by investigating the basic features of the tapes and of the coverage calculation process. From this investigation, a prototype computer program was developed which calculated coverage areas from sample data tapes. The computer code for the program is included.M.S.
9
Vargas, Rosane Maciel de Araújo. "Análise da aplicação do Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) em levantamento topográfico de vias urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-13062017-092045/.
Full textAbstract:
Os levantamentos topográficos para implantação de vias urbanas são usualmente realizados utilizando instrumentos e processos clássicos da topografia. A presença de obstáculos (casas, prédios) ao longo do percurso, reduz a produtividade do trabalho além de contribuir para a imprecisão dos resultados. Este trabalho analisa a metodologia de utilização de receptores do sistema GPS (Global Positioning System) para o georeferenciamento, implantação de bases de apoio e complementação ao levantamento convencional com Estação Total. No desenvolvimento do projeto de uma via, é de esperar que desvios centimétricos na determinação das coordenadas dos pontos das bases de referência pouco afetam os resultados finais. Procurando verificar a contribuição destes desvios, foram realizados vários levantamentos convencionais e com o GPS ao longo do eixo de uma via projetada na cidade de São Carlos. No final do trabalho são analisados aspectos referentes a execução destes levantamentos, concluindo sobre as vantagens e desvantagens de cada método e da integração GPS e Estação Total.The surveying for development of urban roads are usually accomplished by using instruments and processes of classic Topography. The presence of obstacles (houses, buildings) along the course it reduces the productivity of the work besides contributing for the imprecision of the results. This work analyzes the methodology of use of receivers of the GPS (Global Positioning System) for georeferring, implant of support bases and complementation to the surveying with Total Station. In the development of the project of a road, it is expected that centimetric deviations in the determination of the points coordinates of the reference bases cause small effects in the final results. Trying to verify the contribution of these deviations, several surveys were accomplished with the Total Station and GPS along the axis of a road projected in the city of São Carlos. In the end of the work several aspects are analyzed about the execution of these surveys, concluding on the advantages and disadvantages of each method and of the integration GPS and Total Station.
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Liao, Suan-Yang, and 廖先揚. "Application of Binocular Stereo Imaging for the Beach Topographic Surveying." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cyx89w.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
102
In this study, we used dual-lens stereoscopic image processing technology to reconstruct 3D digital terrain models and complete related function development and tests, such as the external adjustment of a stereoscopic photographing system, image matching, and 3D terrain reconstruction. This technology was subsequently applied to beach terrain observation. We used two methods involving the use of checkerboard grid and laser spots as the feature points to eliminate the difficulty of discerning feature points on the beach, where the homogenous color levels are consistent. Through various experimental arrangements, we explored the methods and accuracy of reconstructing 3D coordinates by using dual-lens stereoscopic images. The proposed method can be applied to actual beach terrain measurement and reduce the frequency of conducting traditional terrain plotting and measurements, human effort, and time. This study involved three experiments, which were performed to explore the measurement accuracy of stereoscopic photographing technology: (a) We used 60 cm #westeur024# 60 cm self-devised simulated terrain in a laboratory to conduct observations. The successful matching rate and the time required for calculation in gray or RGB color models involving various target window sizes was explored. The effects that the number of pictures photographed (measurement points), control points, and the camera angle had on precision were compared. The results indicated that the minimal average altitude error reached 0.039 cm. The minimal total volume error percentage between the reconstructed 3D digital model and the actual model was 0.152%. (b) Actual outdoor observations were conducted at the sea wall behind the College of Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University. The results indicated that the checkerboard altitude error was -1.3–5.9 cm; the altitude error produced when using laser spots was -14.9–11.6 cm. (c) Actual observation was performed at the beach of Yanliao Coastal Park on the northeast coast of Taiwan. After coordinate translation and adjusting the parameters, the results indicated that the altitude error was -1.1–7.4 cm and that using laser spots as feature points not only solved the problem of consistency in the homogenous color levels on the beach, but also substantially increased the testing duration in which a single observer operate independently. The experimental results indicated that the dual-lens stereoscopic image system can be applied to observe beach terrains.
11
Warren, Walker Lloyd. "Efficient data structures for modelling the combination of three-dimensional DTM and CAS data." Thesis, 1999. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/164921.
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"The overall aim of this research is to develop efficient data structures, algorithms and techniques that can be used to model the combination of artificial structures and realistic terrain."Doctor of Philosophy
12
CHEN, HONG-SHENG, and 陳鴻聖. "Development of a field-to-plot digital mapping system without manual coding for topographic surveying." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68694985010386685496.
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Fossati, Reiner Justin. "The construction of optimal drape surfaces with constrained first and second derivatives." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1541.
Full textAbstract:
The need to construct optimal drape surfaces arises in airborne geophysical surveys
where it is necessary to fly a safe distance above the ground and within the performance
limits of the aircraft used, but as close as possible to the surface. The problem is
formulated as an LP with constraints at every point of a grid covering the area concerned,
yielding a very large problem. The objective of the LP is to create as "good" a surface as
possible. This formulation is new, as previous methods did not aim to minimise an
objective function.
If the desired surface has only slope limitations, the resulting drape surface must be
constrained in the first derivative. Such a drape surface is readily constructed using the
Lifting Algoritlun. It is shown that the Litling Algorithm is both exact and has great
speed advantages. Some numerical results confinning exacmcss and speed are presented,
as is the algorithm's analogy to a flow network method. An enhanced lifting method with
a better order of complexity is also proposed and tested numerically.
In most practical situations a drape surface is required which has both first and second
derivatives constrained. If only a cut through such a surface is considered, the problem
can be solved with relative ease by exploiting its nctwork~Jike structure. This method
fonns the basis of one of the preferred heuristics developed later. It was not possible to
generalise this method to a full two~dimensional drape surface. A commercially available
LP package fares better in finding the optimal solution.
Several heuristic methods were examined. first a general heuristic method based on a
lifting approach was developed. This was followed by a method using repeated
application of the method used for sections (the Alternating One-dimensional Dual
Algorithm ["AODA"]). Three heuristics based on thimbles were also designed. Thimbles
are caps whose first and second derivatives are acceptable and which are placed over
local infeasibilities in the topography
The work ends with a chapter comparing the efficiency of various heuristics and
comparing the results obtained using a number of test datasets. It was fOLmd that heuristic
methods provide acceptable drape surfaces and that the choice lies between speed and
accuracy, with a previously designed smoothing method being the fastesl and the AODA
the most accurate and quick enough.Operations Research
D.Phil.
14
LaLonde, Tara Louise. "The influence of land cover/land use characteristics on shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) elevation error case studies from Louisiana and Thailand /." Diss., 2008.
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15
Chiang, Shih-Peng, and 蔣士朋. "UAV Photogrammetry for Beach Topography Surveying." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j3e763.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
105
The rationality of the special planning in coastal areas requires to grasp primarily the change mechanism of site topography. Therefore, this research takes the advantages of direct field measurements and indirect remote sensing, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) which is convenient to carry, flying at low altitude and moving quickly, Global Position System(GPS) and Position and Orientation(POS) of Inertial Measurement System(IMU) are combined and used as measurement tools to monitor the beach topography. Image feature point can be matched out and point location (PL) of relative sand topography can be achieved through image technology of aero photogrammetry and aero triangulations methods, then coordinating with Virtual Base Station RTK (VBS-RTK) and Ground Control Point(GCP) to survey coordinates and to correct actual coordinates for achieving PL of actual sand topography and further comparing the terrain variance between the image matching point cloud and direct results of measurements. The results showed that the ground resolution(GSD) is 3.26cm, the average elevation error is with 3.20m, RMSE is with 0.169m, and the correlation index is 0.990 at the place with flight height of 70 meters,which is in accordance with the certification standard of ±25 cm difference of elevation stipulated in relative laws and regulations of Water Resources Agency. The results of this research serve to improve the efficiency of traditional artificial sampling and reduce the cost of using indirect surveying observation, achieving the reduction of error problems in measurements and measurement cost saving.
16
Tseng, Pao-Hsun, and 曾柏勳. "Application of the Stereo Imaging Technology for Beach Topography Surveying." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22523698548706187825.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
104
Following recent national economic developments, development of the land resources in Taiwan has neared its saturation point. Regarding the continuing propositions to develop the coastal areas of Taiwan, according to the reports by the Construction and Planning Agency from the Ministry of the Interior, the coastal land is fragile, complex, and unrecoverable. Therefore, coastal land use must be treated with extreme caution. To examine the benefits and risks of coastal development projects, the topographic change mechanisms of the coastal areas must be clarified; to do so, the use of terrain monitoring technology is required. This study combined and employed the advantages of direct and indirect terrain measurement methods to mitigate their disadvantages. Stereo imaging technology for monitoring local coastal areas was jointly incorporated with easy-to-carry, low-height, and fast-moving remote-controlled vehicles to measure the terrains of the beaches. The feature points were observed through the use of the stereo imaging technology and remote-controlled vehicles attached with light-emitting diode light sources in the nighttime. The data for the topographic changes of the beaches were further calculated using an image analysis. The maximum-elevation standard deviation obtained through the hand sampling approach incorporating total station theodolites was ± 0.8 cm, and the error distribution of the light detection and ranging approach was between -3 and 19 cm. Within the close inspection standard specified by the Water Resources Agency from the Ministry of Economic Affairs of a maximum-elevation standard deviation of ± 25 cm, this study aimed to solve the efficiency problems typically encountered by using the conventional manual sampling approaches and lower the costs of indirect terrain measurement, thereby reducing the errors and costs of on-site terrain measurement.
17
Wang, Wen-Chun, and 王文俊. "Implementation and Comparison of rapid static GNSS and e-GNSS for Densified Topographical Control Surveying." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75986377230157046183.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學理工學院
空間科學碩士班
102
In this study, the state-of-the-art of satellite positioning technology, such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and e-GNSS (Electroncial-Global Navigation Satellite System), are used in Densified Cadastral Control Resurveying. Two re-survey areas, Lujhu Township and Pingzhen City, in Taoyuan County, are selected as the study area, and the result will be compared with the declared TWD97 coordinates of topographical control points in 2013. The results are summarized as follows: (1) With Rapid Static GNSS, baseline observations were increased and the success rate of solving integer ambiguities are improved. So the visible satellites were increased by 66-100% with GPS system only. The success rate of solving baselines will reach 94~95% in 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Furthermore, the success rate of solving baselines reach 95~97% in 20 minutes. We compare the calculated coordinates with the known coordinates, and more than 91% of the discrepancies were within 2 cm. (2) With e-GNSS, the success rate was increased by 85.7-95%. The compare between the calculated and the known coordinates, and more than 83.4% of the discrepancies are under 2 cm. It shows that all calculated results meet the accuracy specifications by MOI(Ministry of the Interior). This study demonstrates that both rapid static GNSS and e-GNSS can significantly reduce the observation time, achieve high precision, high quality in surveying and mapping. From this work, It can be concluded that rapid static GNSS is suitable in common region for its unrestricted property by Internet communication, while e-GNSS is appropriately applied in area for a better internet communication. Keywords:Rapid Static, Real-Time Kinematic, Topographical Densified Control Surveying
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Cameron, Darby. "An agent of change: William Drewry and land surveying in British Columbia, 1887-1929." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1608.
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In 1887, following the completion of the CPR to the Pacific, William Stewart Drewry took part in the Topographical Survey of Canada's first experiment with photographic surveying, which he applied to the Rocky Mountain Railway Belt. He then surveyed the rich mining districts of BC during the Kootenay hardrock mining boom (1893-1909). In 1909, he became BC's first and only Chief Water Commissioner and, in 1911, he returned to surveying as BC's Inspector of Surveys. From 1913 until his retirement in 1929, he surveyed for government and in private practice. Throughout his career, Drewry operated between two land systems: first, a system based on customary rights and local obligations; and, second, a system based on private property and market exchange. Drewry implemented the latter capitalist system, attempting to empower the settlement society, which had the effect of ensuring corporate dominance and, to Drewry's dismay, monopolization of the BC landscape.
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TRAPEK, Filip. "Zaměření části areálu Jihočeské univerzity v Českých Budějovicích a grafické zpracování plánu velkého měřítka." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317648.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this project is to horizontally and vertically survey part of the area of University of South Bohemia and graphically proces data in scale of 1: 500. The project is comprised of the theoretical and practical technical process focused on obtaining results by GNSS, tacheometry, orthogonal and missing line rate methods. Outcome of this project si newly created map showing the current status of the site.
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ČTVRTNÍK, Vladimír. "Polohová a výšková detekce části areálu Jihočeské univerzity v Českých Budějovicích." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317649.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this project is to horizontally and vertically survey part of the area of University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice and graphically proces data in scale of 1:500. The project is comprised of the theoretical and practical technical process of obtaining results by terrestrial and GNSS methods. The final product of this project is newly created map showing the current status of the site.