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Journal articles on the topic 'Topographic surveying'
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Zhang, Xiao, Yan Wang, and Haiyan He. "Brief Discussion of Surveying Technology of Three-dimensional Digital Topographic Map." Electronics Science Technology and Application 2 (December 3, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/esta.v2i1.6.
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3D digital Topographic drawing adopts 3D profile technology and demonstrates geographic space phenomenon to users, reflects the space features of geographic entity in an integrated and accurate manner and thus realizes even more complete, accurate and straight-forward expression of the objective world. It can not only express the plane relationship between space objects, but also accurately describe and express the ground elevation and geometric object height which upgrade the space expression ability and measuring level of digital map and enhance the space acknowledge ability and analytic ability of map. This article aims to elaborate on 3D digital topographic drawing in three aspects: surveying, mapping and application; mainly introduce the mapping methods of 3D topography and geometric object, integrated matching technologies of topographic model and geometric object model and application of 3D digital topographic drawing. It is expected to have a positive promotion role in the development of 3D GIS.
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Luh, L. C., H. Setan, Z. Majid, A. K. Chong, and Z. Tan. "High resolution survey for topographic surveying." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 18 (February 25, 2014): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/18/1/012067.
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Wei, Yuxue. "Practice of Small and Medium UAV in Large Scale Topographic Map." Journal of Smart Cities 5, no. 1 (2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/jsc.2020.01.003.
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As a basic surveying and mapping work, small uav has been widely used in large scale topographic mapping. According to the needs of production and construction, digital mapping methods and aerial photogrammetry are used to provide technical support for large scale topographic mapping in engineering construction surveying and mapping, urban planning and construction, cadastral surveying and other directions. In order to control the small uav in the terrain elevation information, mapping proportion accuracy and other aspects to get better improvement, the practice of small uav in large scale topographic map is deeply analyzed, in order to understand the practical application value of small uav in large scale topographic map.
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Du, Mengmeng, Hanyuan Li, and Ali Roshanianfard. "Design and Experimental Study on an Innovative UAV-LiDAR Topographic Mapping System for Precision Land Levelling." Drones 6, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120403.
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Topographic maps provide detailed information on variations in ground elevation, which is essential for precision farmland levelling. This paper reports the development and experimental study on an innovative approach of generating topographic maps at farmland-level with the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity of implementation. The experiment uses a low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a platform and integrates Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) distance measurements with Post-Processing Kinematic Global Positioning System (PPK-GNSS) coordinates. A topographic mapping experiment was conducted over two fields in Henan Province, China, and primitive errors of the topographic surveying data were evaluated. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between elevation data of the UAV-LiDAR topographic mapping system and ground truth data was calculated as 4.1 cm and 3.6 cm for Field 1 and Field 2, respectively, which proved the feasibility and high accuracy of the topographic mapping system. Furthermore, the accuracies of topographic maps generated using different geo-spatial interpolation models were also evaluated. The results showed that a TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) interpolation model expressed the best performances for both Field 1 with sparse topographic surveying points, and Field 2 with relatively dense topographic surveying points, when compared with other interpolation models. Moreover, we concluded that as the spatial resolution of topographic surveying points is intensified from 5 m × 0.5 m to 2.5 m × 0.5 m, the accuracy of the topographic map based on the TIN model improves drastically from 7.7 cm to 4.6 cm. Cut-fill analysis was also implemented based on the topographic maps of the TIN interpolation model. The result indicated that the UAV-LiDAR topographic mapping system could be successfully used to generate topographic maps with high accuracy, which could provide instructive information for precision farmland levelling.
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Stevens, D., W. M. McKay, and M. R. May. "TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING: THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION SURVEY." Photogrammetric Record 14, no. 79 (August 26, 2006): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1992.tb00209.x.
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Perera, G. S. N., and H. A. Nalani. "UAVS FOR A COMPLETE TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-441-2022.
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Abstract. With the advancement of sensor technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones revolutionize several fields including topographic surveying, agriculture, recreation, emergency, rescue and so on. The autonomous flight modes available in current UAVs make it broaden to manoeuvring by an unskilled person. This, of course, causes to widely use the drone technology among different user communities. Of the revolutionized fields, topographic surveying is prominent because many low cost UAVs with on-board light weight optical payloads often deliver mapping products such as ortho-photos and DEMs with centimetre level accuracy (in XY and Z) that had been exclusively bounded to the expensive field surveying methods earlier. Though drones enables to obtain centimetre level geometric accuracy, the main drawback of the technology is inability to see underneath vegetation canopy which hinders applicability of drones for a complete topographical survey. In order to view beneath the tree canopies, UAV LiDAR is a solution but due to its high cost, it is still not popular among several communities who involve with land surveying. To measure underside vegetation, field surveying methods such as total stations and theodolites traversing are being mainly practised by the users. But it is also not a viable solution since it consumes much time and money. If remotely sensed data collection is able to capture landscapes that had been hampers by the canopies, definitely it will be a cost effective and a rapid solution. As such, oblique imagery (UAV) acquired in manual flight mode at very low altitudes is a good solution. The objective of the study is to develop a novel approach to generate UAV deliveries without vegetation canopy in vegetated areas.First, autonomous flight mission is completed while maintaining 80% and 70% forward and lateral overlaps. For the terrain patches where they are covered by tree canopies, oblique imageries have been collected while operating the drone manually at low altitudes. Each UAV flight is separately processed and merged in to a single image to extract 2D maps without gaps beneath tree canopies. Re-sampling is fulfilled prior to stitching in order to gain a seamless product. Performed accuracy analysis confirmed that the developed approach is sufficient to produce DTMs and ortho-mosaics having average RMSE-XY 0.087m and RMSE-Z 0.177m at 4.0cm GSD which is really acceptable. Besides, there is not any significant accuracy variation between underneath canopy areas and open areas.
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Han, Sang-Hyun, and Jong-Sin Lee. "Availability Evaluation of Topographic Surveying Using Panoramic Image." Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2014.12.25.
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Castro-Garcia, M., A. M. Perez-Romero, M. J. Leon-Bonillo, and F. Manzano-Agugliaro. "Developing Topographic Surveying Software to Train Civil Engineers." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 143, no. 1 (January 2017): 04016013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ei.1943-5541.0000294.
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Kolkos, G., A. Stergiadou, A. Kantartzis, and A. Tselepis. "Accuracy of topographical instruments and Unmanned Aerial Systems for mapping and surveying environmental projects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012015.
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Abstract For the implementation of environmental technical projects, such as the urban forest management, a key element is the topographical and cartographic mapping of the area. Topographical instruments are based on digital, aerial or satellite information’s that can be used for producing topographical maps. This research aims to highlight that UAVs in combination with low-cost survey methods, produce topographical mapping with accepted accuracy for the implementation of environmental projects, how we can survey a road network in order to produce digital topographic maps and also how the implementation of four different ways of measuring can help us to accomplish it. The methods for executing topographic projects differ in quality, accuracy, time and cost. The results of surveying with a total station, a binary satellite positioning system, a handheld satellite positioning system and an unmanned aerial system were compared based on the accuracy of the results. Estimation of measurement error combined by the time required and the cost of each instrument and associated software for data processing were estimated. The results obtained prove that low-cost methods give sufficient and acceptable accuracy; especially the Unmanned Aerial Systems, are capable of being used for the design and implementation of forest urbanization studies.
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Litynskyi, Volodymyr, Svyatoslav Litynskyi, Anatolii Vivat, Mykhailo Fys, and Andrii Brydun. "The accuracy investigation of point coordinates’ determination using a fixed basis for high-precision geodesy binding." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 107, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2019-0003.
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AbstractModern scanners can perform terrestrial topographic survey with resolution of 1 cm and accuracy of 2 mm in just a few minute‘s time, from the distance of up to 100 meters. However, for surface topographical surveying of large territories or complex industrial objects, it is necessary to conduct geodetic traverses and perform their binding to the points of the geodesic basis. One method of coordinate transferring during surveying is by using the method of inverse linear-angular intersection, which involves the measuring of the respective sides S1, S2 and the β angle between them. This method is more precise than the classical one, which usually contains centring and reduction errors. The linear-angular intersection method can also be used for many applications in engineering geodesy, for laying geodetic traverses, and for binding to the wall based points of ground-surveying.
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Levin, Eugene, Roman Shults, Reza Habibi, Zhongming An, and William Roland. "Geospatial Virtual Reality for Cyberlearning in the Field of Topographic Surveying: Moving Towards a Cost-Effective Mobile Solution." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070433.
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In spite of the tremendous success in artificial intelligence technology and a high level of automation in geospatial data obtaining processes, there is still a need for topographical field data collection by professional surveyors. Understanding terrain topology and topography is a cognitive skill set that has to be demonstrated by geospatial Subject Matter Experts (SME) for the productive work in the topographic surveying field. For training of the mentioned above skillset, one has to be exposed to the theory and must also practice with surveying instruments in field conditions. The challenge of any surveying/geospatial engineering workforce training is to expose students to field conditions which might be limited due to equipment expenses and meteorological conditions that prevent good data collection. To meet this challenge, the Integrated Geospatial Technology research group is working on a geospatial virtual reality (VR) project which encompasses the following components: (a) immersive visualization of terrain; (b) virtual total station instrument; (c) virtual surveyor with reflector installed on the virtual rod. The application scenario of the technology we are working with has the following stages: (1) student is installing total station on the optimal location; (2) students move virtual surveyor on the sampling points they consider to be important (3) contours are generated and displayed in 3D being superimposed on 3D terrain; (4) accuracy of terrain modeling is observable and measurable by comparing the sampling model with initial one.
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Ting, Xue, Li Ting, and Ni Jiahui. "Application of Ground-based 3D Laser Scanning Technology in Engineering Surveying." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 05033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123605033.
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In this paper, the technological process of fixed ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in practical production of engineering survey is introduced, and application methods of the technology in topographic map surveying and mapping, earthwork calculation, road surveying, 3D modeling and other aspects are systematically discussed. Meanwhile, the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology compared with traditional surveying and mapping methods, discusses the application direction and prospect of ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in the future11, and provide a reference for the application of this technology in urban engineering surveying.
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Pritchard, Hamish D. "Bedgap: where next for Antarctic subglacial mapping?" Antarctic Science 26, no. 6 (November 13, 2014): 742–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410201400025x.
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AbstractThe recently published Bedmap2 datasets mark the culmination of several decades of subice and subocean Antarctic topographic surveying by many nations, but maps of the topographic data distribution show that in the global context, the Antarctic bed remains very poorly sampled. Most of the remaining large unmapped areas on Earth lie under Antarctic ice and polar surveying continues to be difficult and expensive, thus it is important to identify where future efforts should be concentrated. A survey of 75 experts in various aspects of polar science shows that a lack of adequate topographic data is an important constraint in several themes, but the data gaps and the data needs do not tend to coincide. There is strong demand for higher resolution surveying in previously visited areas, particularly in the most dynamic and most rapidly changing regions as identified by glaciologists, oceanographers, hydrologists, biologists and geomorphologists, while geologists and ice core scientists focus on the most important areas for understanding Antarctica over deeper time. The data requirements identified here could be addressed for most areas given sufficient time and funding, but the technology needed to survey the interiors of the large ice shelf cavities has only just been developed.
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Bartlett, Oliver T., Steven J. Palmer, Dustin M. Schroeder, Emma J. MacKie, Timothy T. Barrows, and Alastair G. C. Graham. "Geospatial simulations of airborne ice-penetrating radar surveying reveal elevation under-measurement bias for ice-sheet bed topography." Annals of Glaciology 61, no. 81 (April 2020): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.35.
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AbstractAirborne radio-echo sounding (RES) surveys are widely used to measure ice-sheet bed topography. Measuring bed topography as accurately and widely as possible is of critical importance to modelling ice dynamics and hence to constraining better future ice response to climate change. Measurement accuracy of RES surveys is influenced both by the geometry of bed topography and the survey design. Here we develop a novel approach for simulating RES surveys over glaciated terrain, to quantify the sensitivity of derived bed elevation to topographic geometry. Furthermore, we investigate how measurement errors influence the quantification of glacial valley geometry. We find a negative bias across RES measurements, where off-nadir return measurement error is typically −1.8 ± 11.6 m. Topographic highlands are under-measured an order of magnitude more than lowlands. Consequently, valley depth and cross-sectional area are largely under-estimated. While overall estimates of ice thickness are likely too high, we find large glacier valley cross-sectional area to be under-estimated by −2.8 ± 18.1%. Therefore, estimates of ice flux through large outlet glaciers are likely too low when this effect is not taken into account. Additionally, bed mismeasurements potentially impact our appreciation of outlet-glacier stability.
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Mossa, J. "The bipolar line level; a simple method of topographic surveying." Journal of Sedimentary Research 68, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): 1048–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.68.1048.
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Altyntsev, Maxim, and Marina Altyntseva. "Generating topographic plans of oil and gas industry depending on a surveying method." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 1 (2020): 447–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-447-463.
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The territories of oil and gas deposits are represented with complicated and diverse industrial objects. During their operation and building of new constructions it is necessary to conduct topographic survey. Various methods are used for this purpose. The selection of these methods is determined by the degree of area build-up, its size and scale of the topographic plan being created. Aerial methods of topographic surveys are relevant when mapping large territories. Terrestrial methods are used more often when surveying oil and gas objects. Among terrestrial methods classically are accepted tacheometrical survey and GNNS measurements. Terrestrial and mobile laser scanning currently gained great popularity. Introduction of laser scanning methods allowed users to significantly speed up field works keeping high accuracy of obtained data. The advantages of laser scanning application comparing to classical methods when surveying oil and gas deposits are described. It is discussed what cases of classical method application can be more preferable. To cover all the bases the description is provided on the basis of 3 deposit parts, which are different in the degree of area build-up and have different requirements for topographic plan creation as follows: scale, need to input semantic information, a format of representing the result. Introduction of new survey methods requires developing appropriate data processing techniques. As a rule, each new survey territory has its own features which should be taken into account when developing new techniques. The techniques for creating topographic plans using terrestrial laser scanning, mobile one and GNNS measurements are described.
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Pantyushin, V. A., and A. A. Andreev. "Automatic image referencing in satellite surveying." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-4-2106-08.
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The method of coordinate referencing of remote sensing materials in the process of satellite surveying is proposed in this paper. The method provides automatic determination of position of the survey routes and images in the routes on the surface of the Earth ellipsoid with their subsequent displaying on the nomenclature sheets of topographic maps on the composite table. The method provides for fully automatic development of a scheme of areal coverage with survey materials in the presence of data on the coordinates of photographing points obtained at the moments of exposure. The algorithm can be used to link images to the corresponding areas of electronic and digital maps.
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Hlotov, Volodymyr, Alla Hunina, Ihor Kolb, Vadim Kolesnichenko, and Ihor Trevoho. "THE STUDY OF THE “CETUS” UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR TOPOGRAPHIC AERIAL SURVEYING." Geodesy and cartography 47, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2021.12120.
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The work aims to analyze and study the possibilities of using “Cetus” unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for performing topographic aerial surveys. The authors developed and tested aircraft-type UAV for topographic aerial photography. The studies were conducted on a specialized landfill, at which there is an appropriate number of situational points whose coordinates are determined with high accuracy. These points were used as both reference and control points. The obtained UAV aerial survey materials were subjected to a phototriangulation process to determine the orientation elements and to analyze, first and foremost, the angular orientation elements. The surveying was carried out on a mountainous territory, where the spatial coordinates of 37 situational points were determined by the method of ground-based GPS survey with an average accuracy of up to 0.05 m. These points were used as reference and control points. Aerial photography was performed in such a way that the scale of the images was as uniform as possible. The design solutions implemented in the Cetus UAV provide all the possibilities to perform aerial surveys of territories in strict compliance with the projected flight parameters. UAV equipment provides the necessary real-time correction of the position of the aerial camera. At the same time the optimum straightness of routes, stability of scales and mutual overlapping of pictures is reached. Regarding the accuracy of obtaining the spatial coordinates of the points of terrain objects, using “Cetus” UAV surveys, plans can even be made on a scale of even 1: 1000. As a result of the creation of the UAV “Cetus”, it became possible to perform the topographic aerial survey of the territories and to create large-scale orthophotos that fully meet the instructions. As a result of testing the “Cetus” UAV, it can be used in production processes when drawing up topographic plans for a large-scale series: 1: 1000 – 1: 5000, which will significantly save the cost of performing topographic work.
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Afanasyev, O., and I. Zavada. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DIGITAL CREATION TOPOGRAPHIC PLAN." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 163 (June 29, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-30-34.
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Theoretical bases of creation of the digital topographic plan of district are considered, the analysis of the materials used for creation of the digital topographic plan of district is carried out. Types and features of application of topographic plans are analyzed. The most suitable geo-basis for creating a digital plan has been identified. Studies have shown that a 1: 500 scale geo-base is quite informative and most optimal for creating digital and conventional topographic plans in the city. Without additional removal, 1: 500 scale plans allow for the transition to smaller scale plans. According to current national regulations, a single coordinate and altitude system should be used to create topographic plans. Today, the only state coordinate system USK-2000 is used, which replaced the coordinate system SK-42, which is based on the Krasovsky ellipsoid and the Gauss-Krueger projection. Possibilities of development of electronic topographic plans with use of modern software complexes are investigated. Computer software allows you to process data as accurately as possible and perform tasks quickly. Among the main software packages used to create an electronic topographic plan of the area are AutoCAD, Digitals, Geonics, COMPASS, MapInfo Pro, Topocad. The choice of software product depends on the breadth of the task, the modernity of surveying instruments and their own software. An analysis of the software used in the creation of digital maps and topographic plans, which showed that the choice of a particular product depends on the breadth of the task, the modernity of surveying instruments and their own software. AutoCAD software is universal and fully adapted to modern geodetic problems. The use of AutoCAD software will ensure the final processing of data obtained during field work and the completion of the digital topographic plan of the area. The procedure for creating a digital topographic plan of the area using Digitals and AutoCAD software is considered. Creating a digital topographic plan of the area is a complex process consisting of several stages, which are described in the article.
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Luo, Ya Bo, Li Chun Zhu, and Wei Li Ma. "Initial Design of FAST Engineering Surveying Control Network." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.932.
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The high precision surveying control network provides the positional and orientation datum for the construction and measure-control system of the Five- hundred-meter Aperture radio Sphere Telescope(FAST), which is deployed at the typical Karst depression. The design of the control network is in accordance with the 1:1000 topographic maps. The issues about the control station site selection ,distribution and construction are analyzed and discussed, and the initial results are provided in this paper.
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Gao, Caiyun, and Qiutang Wu. "Design and Practice of Surveying Experiment System based on a Virtual Platform." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, no. 04 (April 28, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i04.6924.
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The experimental teaching of surveying is an effective method for students to acquire basic surveying skills and solve practical problems. By contrast, the traditional experimental teaching mode of surveying presents students with insufficient experimental opportunities and difficulties to achieve independent learning and interactive operation due to limitations in the allotted time for experiments, sites, instruments, and external environmental conditions. This study developed a virtual experimental system by combining network virtual reality technology and surveying experiment. The proposed system intends to provide students with additional experimental opportunities to achieve computer desktop-like virtual experimental devices and engineering construction scenes, thereby accomplishing the indoor simulation of field surveying. This virtual surveying experimental system mainly comprised four modules, namely, classroom teaching, classroom practice, teaching practice, and production practice. This system realized equipment, operation, and data virtualizations, as well as various highly realistic measurement experiments, such as topographic surveying, engineering setting out, and road surveying. Application results demonstrated that the proposed system was convenient for the independent study of students, stimulates their enthusiasm for learning, strengthens their operational ability, and achieves good teaching effect. Furthermore, this system provides a novel experimental teaching mode for surveying courses.
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Khlebnikova, Tatyana A., Aleksandr S. Goril'ko, and Andrej M. Astapov. "DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR CREATING DIGITAL ENGINEERING-TOPOGRAPHIC-TOPOGRAPHICAL PLANS USING MATERIALS OF UNMANNED AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SYSTEMS AT LOW ALTITUDES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1 (May 21, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-1-57-64.
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Currently, the existing approaches to geodetic support for the design, survey, construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures do not fully meet the needs of the construction industry. Digital large scale topographic plans do not fully reflect the situation on the construction site. In this regard, to supplement digital engineering and topographic plans with information obtained using the survey materials of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is proposed. The article discusses the possibilities of obtaining and processing the materials of surveying with UAS at low altitudes, using the example of the construction of a new metro station in Novosibirsk. The DJI Phantom 4 PRO quadrocopter was used as a UAS. The accuracy of the obtained orthophotoplan is sufficiently suitable as explanatory information for the digital engineering and topographic plan of the object under study.
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YOKOYAMA, Hiroshi. "Development of Filtering Method for Topographic Surveying by Terrestrial Laser Scanner." Journal of the Japan society of photogrammetry and remote sensing 43, no. 3 (2004): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4287/jsprs.43.3_22.
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Ostafin, Krzysztof, Małgorzata Pietrzak, and Dominik Kaim. "Impact of the Cartographer’s Position and Topographic Accessibility on the Accuracy of Historical Land Use Information: Case of the Second Military Survey Maps of the Habsburg Empire." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2021): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10120820.
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Historical maps are critical for long-term land use reconstructions; however, quantifying the uncertainty involved in comparing historical maps with recent data remains a considerable challenge. To date, many works have focused on the technical aspects of comparing historical and contemporary materials, but the potential sources of uncertainty inherent in historical data remain poorly understood. In this paper, we analyze the impacts of the topographic accessibility and cartographer’s field position on the content quality of historical Austrian second military survey maps by referring to independent census data. Our results show that the topographic accessibility and visibility from the cartographer’s surveying table points had very little impact on the map content quality and that the surveying table point locations were uniformly distributed throughout the area, regardless of the landscape conditions. These findings demonstrate that the second military survey maps can be seen as valuable and consistent historical data sources, making them especially useful for long-term land use research in Central Europe.
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Altyntsev, M. A., and M. A. Altyntseva. "THE CHALLENGE OF AUTOMATION FOR LARGE SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS BASED ON TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING DATA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-161-2022.
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Abstract. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a modern method of spatial data acquisition. The most common application of this method is large scale topographic mapping. Point clouds obtained with laser scanning contain all necessary data for producing topographic maps and plans. One of the territories, where TLS is particularly important, is oil and gas deposits. Built-up areas of oil and gas deposits are represented with complicated industrial objects. On the one hand, introduction of TLS method for surveying of these areas significantly speeds up field surveying works. On the other hand, dense point clouds of built-up areas slow down the process of mapping due to the necessity to filter extra data. To hasten the process of mapping special algorithms of feature extraction from point cloud and techniques of compiling plan and maps are being developed. Nonetheless, majority of developed algorithms can work fine for point clouds of high uniform density where the number of objects is not large. For built-up areas developed algorithms can be not applicable. The basic steps of compiling a topographic plan are described. It is discussed which object types can be automatically extracted and vectorized in built-up areas of oil and gas deposits. The examples of manual point cloud vectorization are given.
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Liu, Shao Tang, Xi Rui Liu, and Fu Qin Yang. "Control Surveying and Structural Health Monitoring Applied in Large Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.243.
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In order to ensure the safety of the bridge, Control surveying and monitoring was applied in many ways. This paper introduces the surveying and monitoring methods, analyzes the surveying accuracy, discuses the effective measures. In case study, Trimble 5700 GPS, TPS，Levels were used to perform the control surveying, and video camera, camera, georobot, three-dimensional laser scanner and other graph or image sensors were used to monitor bridge deformation. The research shows that the relative error of the control network baseline is smaller than 10-6 and the elevation accuracy is satisfied with the standard. The control survey enabled all surveying, mapping and monitoring activities to share a common geodetic reference system，provided a reliable support for the monitoring of the piers，box girders，coastal topographic details as well as hydrographic activities. And the application of modern sensors and the data acquisition technology reflected the real-time deformation conditions of bridge and provided forecasting and alarming information at any time by ways of number, curves, graph and image with high efficiency.
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Celms, Armands, Vivita Pukite, Ilona Reke, Giedrius Balevičius, and Sandija Ozolina. "Practical application of surveying methods for determination of volume quarry mining." Baltic Surveying 13 (November 16, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2020.vol13.001.
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Nowadays, various types of geodetic measuring instruments are available in surveying. When conducting a survey of a terrain, surveyor must choose a survey method that is capable of providing high precision measurements. In the surveying process, it is possible to use the following measurement methods - tachymetric survey method, positioning method and remote sensing method. Each of the methods produces data formats that can be used further for volume calculations. The paper analyses the volume differences that are obtained when using various survey methods and volume calculation programs to obtain the surface model. The use of such a tool is important for useful mineral miners, so that surveyors make qualitative surveys and obtain accurate and reliable volumes. Useful minerals miners are required to report annually on their mining volume for a specified period. The useful minerals miners shall at all times keep records of the quantities of minerals actually extracted. Regardless of the type of accounting, topographic surveying and the calculation of volumes, if mineral is extracted in mineral deposits of national importance, more than 50 000 m3, are required (Augstas detalizācijas topogrāfiskās…, 2012). High-quality and accurate topographic survey is needed to create the most realistic surface model appropriate to the terrain. It is defined that the difference between the volumes obtained from the recording of vehicle loads should not be more than 5% when comparing the result of the mineral extraction from topographic surveys (Derīgo izrakteņu ieguves…, 2012; Noteikumi par valsts…, 2018). Nowadays, various measurement methods can be used to obtain data from which a surface model can be generated, and this model can then be used for volume calculations. The surface model is a set of points where, in addition to plane coordinates (x and y), there is also altitude (z) known (Luukkonen, 2011). Each measurement method has its own different measuring instruments that can be used, each method has its own operating principles, on which the quality and accuracy of the obtained data depends.
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Nakamura, Takeshi. "Seabed surveying apparatus for superimposed mapping of topographic and contour‐line data." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 5 (November 1989): 2045–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398553.
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Chen, Xi. "Application of UAV Digital Photogrammetry Technology in Marine Topographic Surveying and Mapping." Journal of Coastal Research 93, sp1 (September 23, 2019): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si93-092.1.
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Blishchenko, Alexander A., and Anna P. Sannikova. "ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SURVEYING THE FOREST FUND USING UAVS." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 27, no. 1 (2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2022-27-1-42-51.
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Nowadays, the surveyor has at its disposal a wide range of instrument park, which allows you to achieve the engineering goals set in the survey support of mining facilities. Unmanned technologies are gaining an increasing sphere of surveying measurements, which lead to minimal participation of a specialist in field work, but require a more classified approach to off-site processing. However, it is worth noting that each mining enterprise, for example, such as a quarry, having an exclusive boundary of work, called a license area, in its contour may have a forest area, which is an object that causes cer-tain difficulties for surveying support. This article tells about the possibility of using a short-range un-manned UAVs for surveying the forest area, as well as analyzing the result obtained and determining its compliance with engineering requirements when obtaining an up-to-date topographic plan of the area. To determine the possibility of using unmanned technology in mine surveying of a forest, theo-retical and experimental research methods will be used, including a significant set of empiricals, the mathematical processing of which will help to reveal the correlation dependences of aerial photo-grammetric survey parameters for the optimal use of a geodetic quadcopter. The result of the study given in this article will be a provision on the possibility of using unmanned technologies for aerial photogrammetric survey of a forest land, correlation dependences of flight parameters and their results will be determined, the derivatives of which will be topographic plans, the comparison of which will be carried out with plans, created by the classical method.
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Germak, O., O. Gugueva, and N. Kalacheva. "Implementation of engineering and geodetic works in the framework of research work, which are aimed at developing proposals for the development of settlements of the municipality." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042067.
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Abstract At any stage of urban planning activities, it may be necessary to plan the territory. The territory planning project can be created on topographic plans of a scale of 1: 2000. Modern needs for cadastre maintenance, land management, and design of territories require high quality topographic material obtained in almost real time with high image resolution. This problem is effectively solved by aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Airborne laser scanning allows you to survey difficult terrain and large areas. To clarify the position of some terrain objects, a GNSS survey in RTK mode was used. The combined survey method provides the necessary accuracy of surveying the situation and the terrain, the measurement accuracy corresponds to the possibility of creating engineering-topographic plans at a scale of 1: 2000. In the course of the work, engineering digital terrain models and orthophotomaps were formed. Based on the data obtained, a digital topographic plan of 1: 2000 scale was compiled.
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Bajat, Branislav, and Dragoljub Strbac. "The influence to source of data for accuracy on digital terrain models (DTM)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 85, no. 1 (2005): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0501265b.
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The overview of the contemporary data acquisition methods for Digital Terrain Models (DTM), as well as the accuracy of data provided by these methods, are given in this article. The procedure of the accuracy estimation for DTM which is produced by digitizing of topographic maps and test points obtained by GPS technology and aerophotogrammetric terrain surveying, is presented.
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Lepadatu, Daniel, Loredana Judele, Gabriel Sandulache, and Viorica Mocreac. "Civil Engineering and Building Service Topographic Permanent Landmarks Network. Spatial Coordinate Optimization." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2016-0015.
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Abstract Sustainable development is a modern concept of adaptation conditions for achieving objectives that respond simultaneously to at least three major requirements: economic, social and environmental. Achieving sustainable development cannot be accomplished without a change of mentality of people and without communities able to use resources rationally and efficiently. For an efficient application programs surveying topography discipline the students have imagined and created a network of local topographic permanent terminals required for reporting the rectangular coordinates of applications. In order to obtain more accurate values of these coordinates we have made several types of measurements that will be presented in detail in this work. The aim of this paper is to optimize the locating terminals coordinates of the points of our faculty, initially determined using GPS technology. Additional measurements were performed in an interval of one year using a total station. Considering that four previously determined terminal network points were placed between the relatively tall buildings, it was decided that it could be better to determine their spatial coordinates using the classical planimetric surveying method. To this end, the coordinates of the two reference points were located and determined near this network with the help of GPS technology in an area with good visibility. In order to determine the coordinates of the two reference points GNSS Permanent Stations National Network was used through the RTK method: RTCM (Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services). The measurements were using GPS SOUTH S82T, whose field book has the implemented software transcomputation real-time geographic coordinates in STEREO-70 coordinate system. The network of permanent GNSS stations used the fixed station IASI_2.3 and the virtual station RO_MAC_3.1_GG. The solutions for the new determined points were fixed, the determination’s accuracy ranging between 0.034-0.010 meters. Following these two rounds of measurements of the locating terminals coordinates of the network points of the faculty using GPS technology combined with the classical planimetric surveying method, we got a new set of coordinates with a higher degree of determination accuracy after averaging the results.
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Heincke, Bjoern, Alan G. Green, Jan van der Kruk, and Heinrich Horstmeyer. "Acquisition and processing strategies for 3D georadar surveying a region characterized by rugged topography." GEOPHYSICS 70, no. 6 (November 2005): K53—K61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2122414.
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Efficiently performing 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR or georadar) surveys across rugged terrain and then processing the resultant data are challenging tasks. Conventional approaches using unconnected GPR and topographic surveying equipment are excessively time consuming for such environments, and special migration schemes may be required to produce meaningful images. We have collected GPR data across an unstable craggy mountain slope in the Swiss Alps using a novel acquisition system that records GPR and coincident coordinate information simultaneously. Undulating topography (dips of 8° to 16°) and boulders with diameters up to about 2 m complicated the field campaign. After standard processing, the data were found to be plagued by time shifts associated with minor coordinate inaccuracies, uneven antenna-ground coupling, and numerous small gaps in data coverage. These problems were resolved by passing the data sequentially through an adaptive f-xy deconvolution routine and f-[Formula: see text] and f-[Formula: see text] filters. This filtering also reduced incoherent noise. Finally, the data were migrated using a 3D algorithm that accounted for the undulating topography. The nonmigrated and migrated images contained gently and moderately dipping reflections from lithological boundaries and actively opening fracture zones. A suite of prominent diffraction patterns was generated at a steeply dipping fracture zone that projected to the surface. Through this case history we introduce a general strategy for 3D GPR studies of topographically rugged land.
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Wang, Guizhi. "THE DESIGN AND PRODUCT OF NATIONAL 1:1000000 CARTOGRAPHIC DATA OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-245-2016.
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National administration of surveying, mapping and geoinformation started to launch the project of national fundamental geographic information database dynamic update in 2012. Among them, the 1:50000 database was updated once a year, furthermore the 1:250000 database was downsized and linkage-updated on the basis. In 2014, using the latest achievements of 1:250000 database, comprehensively update the 1:1000000 digital line graph database. At the same time, generate cartographic data of topographic map and digital elevation model data. This article mainly introduce national 1:1000000 cartographic data of topographic map, include feature content, database structure, Database-driven Mapping technology, workflow and so on.
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Wang, Guizhi. "THE DESIGN AND PRODUCT OF NATIONAL 1:1000000 CARTOGRAPHIC DATA OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-245-2016.
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National administration of surveying, mapping and geoinformation started to launch the project of national fundamental geographic information database dynamic update in 2012. Among them, the 1:50000 database was updated once a year, furthermore the 1:250000 database was downsized and linkage-updated on the basis. In 2014, using the latest achievements of 1:250000 database, comprehensively update the 1:1000000 digital line graph database. At the same time, generate cartographic data of topographic map and digital elevation model data. This article mainly introduce national 1:1000000 cartographic data of topographic map, include feature content, database structure, Database-driven Mapping technology, workflow and so on.
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Lodwick, G. D., and S. H. Paine. "SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING IN SURVEYING PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES, FUTURE POSSIBILITIES." Canadian Surveyor 40, no. 3 (September 1986): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1986-0025.
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Of all the areas of the earth sciences affected by satellite remote sensing, the surveying profession has been one of the last to take advantage of its unique features. This is due in part to: resolution limitations of Landsat 1, 2 and 3, difficulties in registration and positioning of the imagery, technical constraints in handling vast quantities of digital data, and the excellent methods currently available for the production of cartographic products. Nevertheless, satellite remote sensing has now emerged as a complementary procedure to many existing techniques utilized in surveying and mapping. Already, Landsat is being used for topographic mapping, hydrographic surveying and resource mapping purposes. However, with the improved resolution of Landsat 4, the potential of stereoscopic coverage with the SPOT satellites and present developments in computer processing and data manipulation, satellite remote sensing in the next decade will emerge as an indispensable tool for mapping and cartography.
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Smaczyński, Maciej, and Beata Medyńska-Gulij. "Low aerial imagery – an assessment of georeferencing errors and the potential for use in environmental inventory." Geodesy and Cartography 66, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geocart-2017-0005.
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Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being used in close range photogrammetry. Real-time observation of the Earth’s surface and the photogrammetric images obtained are used as material for surveying and environmental inventory. The following study was conducted on a small area (approximately 1 ha). In such cases, the classical method of topographic mapping is not accurate enough. The geodetic method of topographic surveying, on the other hand, is an overly precise measurement technique for the purpose of inventorying the natural environment components. The author of the following study has proposed using the unmanned aerial vehicle technology and tying in the obtained images to the control point network established with the aid of GNSS technology. Georeferencing the acquired images and using them to create a photogrammetric model of the studied area enabled the researcher to perform calculations, which yielded a total root mean square error below 9 cm. The performed comparison of the real lengths of the vectors connecting the control points and their lengths calculated on the basis of the photogrammetric model made it possible to fully confirm the RMSE calculated and prove the usefulness of the UAV technology in observing terrain components for the purpose of environmental inventory. Such environmental components include, among others, elements of road infrastructure, green areas, but also changes in the location of moving pedestrians and vehicles, as well as other changes in the natural environment that are not registered on classical base maps or topographic maps.
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Hinzen, K. G., K. Reamer, and T. Rose. "Results of Analysis of Digital Elevation Models Used Site Selection for Paleoseismological Investigations at the Rurrand Fault." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 80, no. 3-4 (December 2001): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023775.
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AbstractTopographic and morphologic models based on detailed Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the Rur Graben, in particular a 33 km section of the Rurrand Fault, proved to be essential in preliminary investigations for the site selection of a trench for detailedpaleoseismologicalinvestigations. The entire DEM in the 33 km Jülich-Düren area displayed as a color-shaded terrain map clearly illustrates the main features of the eastern border fault of the Rur Graben. As investigations concentrated on the 8x6 km Stetternich-Hambach section of the Rurrand fault, the use of contoured topographic, gray-shaded terrain and terrain slope maps helped delineate the main features of the surface fault expression. On the basis of topographic profiles constructed from the DEM, no fault scarp could be identified; however, the detailed surveying results from two geophysical profiles correlated well with the topographic data.
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Mustafa M Amami, Ali M El-Turki, Asim I Rustum, Ibrahim M El-Amaari, and Tariq A Jabir. "Topographic Surveying using Low-Cost Amateur Drones & 4K Ultra-High-Definition Videos." Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 072–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2022.4.2.0040.
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These days, the science of photogrammetry is frequently used in a wide range of applications, including engineering geology, medication, security, navigation, and topographic surveying works. Drones have gradually become an effectual and frequent technique for obtaining a number of photogrammetric products, such as ortho-mosaics, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and land detailed topographic maps. This paper investigates the possibility of employing low-cost amateur drones with 4K Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) video for topographic surveying works and creating DEM's. DJI Mavic 2 PRO drone with Hasselblad L1D-20C 20 MP camera has been used for covering an expected gas & oil pipeline route in the South of Libya with length of nearly 15 km and width of 200 m. 60 well-distributed high-quality 3D ground points, divided as 30 Ground Control Points (GCP's) and 30 check points, have been used for more stable and robust photogrammetric processing and for reliable evaluation, respectively. The camera has been calibrated twice, before and after executing the flight mission for trustworthy Interior Orientation Elements (IOE's). The recorded video has been split into smaller videos based on the capturing time of the required frames, and the small videos have been extracted to individual UHD photos using Matlab image tools. Leica Photogrammetric Suite (LPS) software has been used for all processing steps, except the automatic filtration of the generated tie points, which has been carried out using self-developed Matlab algorithm for epipolar geometry and 2D transformation based filters. Results show that DEM's with quality of nearly 1.2 to 2 decimeter in plane and elevation, respectively can be obtained using DJI Mavic 2 PRO drone, 4K UHD video taken by Hasselblad L1D-20C 20 MP camera, pixel ground footprint of 8 cm, and flight height of 350 m. This level of accuracy is appropriate for many engineering applications, such as initial-planning projects stretched on huge areas, urban development plans, GIS data collection, inventory of earth works materials, and 3D modeling. The obtained quality of the generated DEM depends on the flight height and the camera quality, IOE's, and resolution. Tests show that using 4K UHD video for photogrammetric applications can provide UHD extracted frames, similar to that captured singly, especially with fit flight speed and camera settings, namely: ISO sensitivity, shatter speed, and aperture size. Also, using video facilitates the aerial photography process, overcoming the difficulties of determining the suitable capturing time and location of individual photos in site. The other advantage is the ability of taking alternative frames if the selected images are not suitable for photogrammetric works in terms of tilting and blurring. The opportunity of changing the overlapping rates across the route is another important advantage of using video, especially for curvy routes. Moreover, using different groups of overlapped images for the same route helps for creating different DEM's for the same area, resulting more precise and dense topographic surveying works.
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Han, You Mei, and Bo Gang Yang. "A Efficient Method to Map Large Scale Topographic Maps with Vehicle-Borne Lidar System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 2057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.2057.
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Recent years, the vehicle-borne LIDAR technology has a rapid development, and its application in surveying and mapping is becoming a hot research topic. The main objective of this investigation is to explore the potential of vehicle-borne LIDAR technology to be used to fast mapping large scale topographic maps based on new Chinese vehicle-borne LIDAR system. It studied how to use the new Chinese vehicle-borne LIDAR system measurement technology to map large scale topographic maps. After the field data capture, it can be mapped in the office based on the LIDAR data (point cloud) by special software which programmed by ourselves. In addition, the detailed process and accuracy analysis were proposed by an actual case. The result revealed this new technology provides a new fast method to map large scale topographic maps, which is high efficient and accuracy compared to the traditional methods.
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Gao, Z., Y. Song, C. Li, F. Zeng, and F. Wang. "RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF RAPID SURVEYING AND MAPPING FOR LARGE SCARE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP BY UAV AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W6 (August 23, 2017): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w6-121-2017.
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Rapid acquisition and processing method of large scale topographic map data, which relies on the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) low-altitude aerial photogrammetry system, is studied in this paper, elaborating the main work flow. Key technologies of UAV photograph mapping is also studied, developing a rapid mapping system based on electronic plate mapping system, thus changing the traditional mapping mode and greatly improving the efficiency of the mapping. Production test and achievement precision evaluation of Digital Orth photo Map (DOM), Digital Line Graphic (DLG) and other digital production were carried out combined with the city basic topographic map update project, which provides a new techniques for large scale rapid surveying and has obvious technical advantage and good application prospect.
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Goril'ko, Aleksandr, and Ol'ga Gugnina. "CREATING ENGINEERING TOPOGRAPHIC PLANS OF UNDERGROUND FACILITIES WITH THE VISUALIZATION ELEMENTS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (2019): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-1-1-99-105.
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The article considers the technological scheme of engineering geodetic works in designing and building underground utilities. The authors of this article proposed to conduct photo and video re-cording together with the surveying in order to increase informativity of engineering topographic plans, and describe relevancy and necessity of these works. They considered the experience of prac-tical use of hyperlinks in the software AutoCADCivil 3D, with the help of which it is possible to create photo and video visualization of the particular areas of underground utilities. This increases informativity of digital topographic plans and can simplify the work both on the stage of designing and on the stage of technical solutions in case of defects appearance in underground utilities.
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Lim, Chung Han. "Topographic Survey and Modelling using Photogrammetry: A Comparison against Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) Method." ASM Science Journal 16 (September 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.720.
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Topographic surveying has been an important companion to the civil engineer in the development of human civilization since ancient history. It is used to map terrestrial features on the ground along with its contour heights. Application of this can be seen in the establishing land boundaries and setting out construction projects. Conventional methods of surveying range from ground field methods such as the use of total station to aerial surveys such as photogrammetry or LiDAR. This study looks to assess the feasibility of aerial photogrammetry using UAVs as a replacement to the conventional EDM survey using total stations. This objective was achieved by carrying out both photogrammetric and EDM surveys on a 350m long stretch of highway. The resulting survey data were processed to produce two comparative TIN surfaces of the highway which were then superimposed together and compared for accuracy. It could be observed that on plan view, both surfaces were quite closely matched with a maximum difference of less than 0.4m and a low standard deviation. In elevation view, however, the differences were larger with maximums of 5.0m, accompanied by large standard deviations. RMS error analysis carried out also correlate with the findings.
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Ladai, A. D., and J. Miller. "Point Cloud Generation from sUAS-Mounted iPhone Imagery: Performance Analysis." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-201-2014.
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The rapidly growing use of sUAS technology and fast sensor developments continuously inspire mapping professionals to experiment with low-cost airborne systems. Smartphones has all the sensors used in modern airborne surveying systems, including GPS, IMU, camera, etc. Of course, the performance level of the sensors differs by orders, yet it is intriguing to assess the potential of using inexpensive sensors installed on sUAS systems for topographic applications. This paper focuses on the quality analysis of point clouds generated based on overlapping images acquired by an iPhone 5s mounted on a sUAS platform. To support the investigation, test data was acquired over an area with complex topography and varying vegetation. In addition, extensive ground control, including GCPs and transects were collected with GSP and traditional geodetic surveying methods. The statistical and visual analysis is based on a comparison of the UAS data and reference dataset. The results with the evaluation provide a realistic measure of data acquisition system performance. The paper also gives a recommendation for data processing workflow to achieve the best quality of the final products: the digital terrain model and orthophoto mosaic. <br><br> After a successful data collection the main question is always the reliability and the accuracy of the georeferenced data.
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Del Savio, Alexandre Almeida, Ana Luna Torres, Miguel Angel Chicchón Apaza, Mónica Alejandra Vergara Olivera, Sara Rocío Llimpe Rojas, Gianella Tania Urday Ibarra, José Luis Reyes Ñique, and Rolando Issac Macedo Arevalo. "Integrating a LiDAR Sensor in a UAV Platform to Obtain a Georeferenced Point Cloud." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 12838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412838.
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The combination of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms have garnered considerable interest in recent years because of the wide range of applications performed through the generation of point clouds, such as surveying, building layouts and infrastructure inspection. The attributed benefits include a shorter execution time and higher accuracy when surveying and georeferencing infrastructure and building projects. This study seeks to develop, integrate and use a LiDAR sensor system implemented in a UAV to collect topography data and propose a procedure for obtaining a georeferenced point cloud that can be configured according to the user’s needs. A structure was designed and built to mount the LiDAR system components to the UAV. Survey tests were performed to determine the system’s accuracy. An open-source ROS package was used to acquire data and generate point clouds. The results were compared against a photogrammetric survey, denoting a mean squared error of 17.1 cm in survey measurement reliability and 76.6 cm in georeferencing reliability. Therefore, the developed system can be used to reconstruct extensive topographic environments and large-scale infrastructure in which a presentation scale of 1/2000 or more is required, due to the accuracy obtained in the work presented.
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Golovanev, Yu I. "The Unevenness of the Footing And Its Impact on the Results of Photogrammetric Transformation." Geodesy and Cartography 921, no. 3 (April 20, 2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-921-3-43-47.
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The article deals with the fact, that the state or special geodetic networks points identified on the aerial photographs, control network and aerial photographs field control surveys points including contour points with coordinates taken from the topographic map of larger scale and defined when creating topographic maps can be used for exterior orientation of photogrammetric networks during the implementation of works on topographic maps revision. Besides planimetric points of the map that has been revising can also be used. The ground control point (reference point) coordinates are not of equal accuracy, as their values were got from the sources that have different plane coordinates accuracy. This fact has a significant influence on the point coordinates planimetric position of the route photogrammetric network that is developed. There is some information in the article about the control points unequal accuracy influence on the point planimetric position of the route photogrammetric network. This fact occurs when part of control points was obtained by means of accurate surveying methods but other control points plane coordinates due to their unavailability have to be obtained from the topographic map. The results of the experiment are given as evidence.
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Vereschaka, T. V., and M. Y. Bakanova. "Methods for creating a topographic specialized map for oil and gas purposes (as applied to the construction of underground hydrocarbon storages in rock salt)." Geodesy and Cartography 951, no. 9 (October 20, 2019): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-951-9-10-24.
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The article covers the methods of creating a topographic specialized map of oil and gas destination in relation to the construction of underground hydrocarbon storage in rock salt. As you know, one of the directions of providing the country’s economy with liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons is creating underground storage of gas and oil products, for which the most favorable, practically impervious and safe natural environment is rock salt. There are 12 salt basins in Russia, more than 100 underground reservoirs have been created and their further construction is planned. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that topographic maps are used at different stages of the creation of such storages from pre-investment to exploitation. However, the content of topographic maps of universal purpose needs its additional specialization, consisting, as shown by the authors in a previously published article, in displaying the types and types of wells, underground reservoirs, surface complexes, objects of environmental monitoring geological and technological models, etc. The complex of proposed methods for creating maps is based on using achievements of earth Sciences and geoinformation technologies. The emphasis is made on the methods most closely related to cartographic modeling. Their development required the analysis of tools and methods of topographic and geodetic surveys, as well as a set of works on geological, hydrogeological, surveying, geophysical support of the process of creating underground storage. The choice and justification of even known methods was associated with the need to adapt them to the target mapping. The field methods (surveying topographic, geodetic, geological), laboratory, remote, geophysical (mainly audio locator), calculation, providing a justification for the stability of underground reservoirs, monitoring the subsidence of the earth’s surface, determining the boundaries of the maximum distribution of construction brine and spatial modeling in the form of geological and geological-technological models were discussed. The purpose of each method (with an illustration of the cartographic result and 3D-models), its essence, principle of operation, devices, software were considered. The developed author’s programs (in the category of sonar and calculation methods) are presented in stages and illustrated.
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James, Mike R., and John N. Quinton. "Ultra‐rapid topographic surveying for complex environments: the hand‐held mobile laser scanner (HMLS)." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 39, no. 1 (October 30, 2013): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3489.
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Eke, Zoltán, and István Havasi. "Development of Underwater Surface Measurement : Multibeam Sonar." Geosciences and Engineering 9, no. 14 (2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33030/geosciences.2021.14.081.
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This study was written in the title theme as a result of the cooperation between the staff of the departments of the two scientific institutions mentioned above. Its first author is also a PhD student of the IGGIS. This year the Bay Zoltán Applied Research Public Benefit Nonprofit Ltd. has purchased a Norbit-iWBMSe multibeam ultrasonic system. The primary purpose of this paper is to describe a multibeam ultrasonic system (Norbit- iWBMSe) and to examine its useful application for mine surveying purposes, particularly for measurements used in underwater mining situations, such as the official determination of the amount of the extracted mineral resources, which also serves as the basis for determining the payable annual mining rent. In our study, first, we will briefly review the new surveying technologies which have appeared in Hungarian mine surveying recently and are likely to be used more and more in the future. Then we will deal with the history of under-water topographic mapping. Afterwards the multibeam sonar survey device and its ad- vantages will be discussed, and two waterbed surveying examples from our own practice will be shown. Finally, the legal background of mining volume computation will be briefly described. Furthermore, it is important to highlight the role of multibeam sonar in mining exploitation process.