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Journal articles on the topic 'Topographical effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Belward, Shaun R. "Topographical effects in meteorology." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 48, no. 3 (1993): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700015987.

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2

Kingdon, Robert, Petr Vaníček, and Marcelo Santos. "Modeling topographical density for geoid determinationThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme GEODESY." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 8 (2009): 571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-018.

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In geoid computation, effects of real three-dimensional topographic masses on the Earth’s gravity field must be accurately quantified and, in the Stokes–Helmert scheme, replaced with effects of those masses condensed on the geoid. The most comprehensive modern schemes for evaluation of topographical effects account for terrain effects, use a spherical model of topography, and incorporate two-dimensionally varying models of topographical mass density. In this contribution, we employ a three-dimensionally varying model of topographical density. We use Newton’s integration to determine the direct

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3

Tsourlos, Panagiotis I., John E. Szymanski, and Gregory N. Tsokas. "The effect of terrain topography on commonly used resistivity arrays." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 5 (1999): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444640.

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In this work a study of the effect of surface topographical variations on several dc resistivity arrays is presented. A 2.5-D finite‐element modeling scheme is used to examine the performance of several arrays over buried features that exist below a range of different topographical terrain contexts, such as valleys, hills, and steep slopes. A mesh‐generating algorithm allows a realistic representation of terrain topography. The results confirm that topographical variations can have a significant impact on the field resistivity data values for all resistivity arrays. Further, topographical vari

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Craik, A. D. D., and Peter G. Baines. "Topographical Effects in Stratified Flows." Mathematical Gazette 83, no. 496 (1999): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3618754.

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5

Filip, Ofelia-Larisa, and Anca Daniela Filip. "Analysis of Orientation Accuracies in Underground Polygonal Routes." Mining Revue 28, no. 2 (2022): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0014.

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Abstract Topography has an important role in the realization of underground mining works, hydro-technical constructions, roads, etc. Appropriate topographic measurements and processing are required to trace these objectives in the necessary safety and efficiency conditions. An appropriate topographic basis must first be established for which scientific analyzes focusing mainly on topographical guidance elements are required. It is considered an independent polygonal route, easy to achieve and with superior quality effects.

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SIMIZU, Yoshihiro. "Effects of Topographical Environment on Site Formation." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 24, no. 3 (1985): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.24.183.

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Li, Yangxin, Le Sun, Jialin Zhang, et al. "Tea Plant/Ophiopogon japonicus Intercropping Drives the Reshaping of Soil Microbial Communities in Terraced Tea Plantation’s Micro-Topographical Units." Agriculture 15, no. 11 (2025): 1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15111150.

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The monoculture planting in terraced tea plantations has led to severe soil degradation, which poses a significant threat to the growth of tea plants. However, the mechanisms by which intercropping systems improve soil health through the regulation of soil microbial communities at the micro-topographical scale of terraced tea plantations (i.e., terrace surface, inter-row, and terrace wall) remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of intercropping Ophiopogon japonicus in a five-year tea plantation on the soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial community stru

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Hai, Nguyen Hong, Yousef Erfanifard, Van Bac Bui, Trinh Hien Mai, Any Mary Petritan, and Ion Catalin Petritan. "Topographic Effects on the Spatial Species Associations in Diverse Heterogeneous Tropical Evergreen Forests." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052468.

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Studying spatial patterns and habitat association of plant communities may provide understanding of the ecological mechanisms and processes that maintain species coexistence. To conduct assessments of correlation between community compositions and habitat association, we used data from two topographically different plots with 2 ha area in tropical evergreen forests with the variables recorded via grid systems of 10 × 10 m subplots in Northern-Central Vietnam. First, we tested the relationship between community composition and species diversity indices considering the topographical variables. W

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Lim, Hwee San, Eng Choon Yeap, Mohd Zubir Mat Jafri, and Jasim Rajab. "A Perspective on Topographic Correction Methods on Satellite Images." Journal of Advanced Geospatial Science & Technology 4, no. 2 (2024): 231–54. https://doi.org/10.11113/jagst.v4n2.95.

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The presence of atmospheric and topographic effects in satellite images is inevitable, which may reduce image information content. A standard procedure for improving satellite images is topographic and atmospheric correction during preprocessing. The topographic effect on satellite images is not an error but a distortion caused by solar and surface geometries. Surfaces facing toward the Sun tend to be bright, whereas surfaces facing away from the Sun are usually dark. This effect is strongly related to the solar surface incident angle, and it is one of the main factors that increases the spect

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Layadi, Khalissa, Yacine Mohamed Tebbouche, Redouane Chimouni, Ahmed Saadi, and Hamoud Beldjoudi. "Directionally Effect Observation in Topographical Site-Effects at Feden-Sema Range (Guelma-Northern Algeria) from Ambient Vibration." MATEC Web of Conferences 394 (2024): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439403005.

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The Eocene Feden-Sema Range is a topographical structure located in the complex area of Mechtat El-Ababsia (Guelma) characterized by topographical site effects from an experimental investigation using earthquake and ambient vibration. The structure has its maximum orientation toward the south and a half-circular shape. To study the directionality effects caused by this structure, two profiles of ambient vibration measurements were carried out on the maximum axe and through the range of 12 points. The analysis of the horizontal over vertical spectral ratio indicated that the fundamental frequen

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11

Gatmiri, B., D. Amini-Baneh, O. Dorostkar, and M. R. Vakili. "Practical Recommendations of Spectral Response Analysis in Non-Curved Alluvial Valleys Using Hybrid FE/BE Method." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 05, no. 02 (2013): 1350006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973713500066.

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Most of researches consider seismic analysis using amplification of ground acceleration due to geotechnical effects. Many efforts also have been done to consider topographical effects in seismic analysis of alluvial valleys. Presented here is a new practical approach in spectral response of non-curved valleys which may be used as a simple method for considering topographical effects. A hybrid numerical approach which uses both FEM and BEM is conducted to study spectral acceleration increment due to geotechnical aspects in various topographical conditions. At first, spectral acceleration of non

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12

MOULATLET, Gabriel M., Camilo D. RENNÓ, Fernando O. G. FIGUEIREDO, et al. "The role of topographic-derived hydrological variables in explaining plant species distributions in Amazonia." Acta Amazonica 52, no. 3 (2022): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202103682.

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ABSTRACT In Amazonian terra-firme non inundated forests, local floristic composition and species occurrence are explained by water availability as determined by topographic conditions. Topographic complexity can render these conditions quite variable across the landscape and the effects on plant ecological responses are difficult to document. We used a set of topographically defined hydrological metrics to evaluate community composition and single-species responses of four plant groups [pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes), Melastomataceae, palms (Arecaceae) and Zingiberales] to topographic co

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13

Siepmann, Martin. "The effects of caffeine on the topographical quantitative EEG." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (2001): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)91702-1.

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14

Novák, P., M. Kern, K. P. Schwarz, and B. Heck. "Evaluation of band-limited topographical effects in airborne gravimetry." Journal of Geodesy 76, no. 11-12 (2003): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-002-0282-5.

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15

Rodriguez y Baena, Ruggero, Silvana Rizzo, Luigi Manzo, and Saturnino Marco Lupi. "Nanofeatured Titanium Surfaces for Dental Implantology: Biological Effects, Biocompatibility, and Safety." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6092895.

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Nanotechnology enables the control and modification of the chemical and topographical characteristics of materials of size less than 100 nm, down to 10 nm. The goal of this review is to discuss the role of titanium substrates as nanoscale surface modification tools for improving various aspects of implantology, including osseointegration and antibacterial properties. Techniques that can impart nanoscale topographical features to endosseous implants are described. Since the advent of nanotechnology, cellular specific functions, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, have been bet

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16

Hong Hai, Nguyen, Pham Van Dien, Bui The Doi, Trinh Hien Mai, Nguyen Van Quy, and Nguyen Thanh Tuan. "Effects of species and tree size diversity on above-ground biomass in diverse heterogeneous tropical evergreen forests, Quangbinh Province, north central Vietnam." Annals of Forest Research 67, no. 1 (2024): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15287/afr.2024.3293.

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The relationships between species diversity and size structure complexity on above ground biomass (AGB) have theoretical and practical applications for biodiversity conservation and sustainable forest management. The relationships become more complex in the high-species diversity of tropical forests and heterogeneous environmental conditions. To disentangle the complicated relationships, structural equation models were applied to examine the relative effects of species and tree size diversity on above ground biomass under different topographical conditions of two tropical evergreen forest stan

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17

Chi, Jiayu, Mingyue Wang, Jialin Chen, et al. "Topographic Orientation of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration: Recent Advances in Biomaterial Design and Applications." Biomimetics 7, no. 3 (2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7030131.

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Tissue engineering to develop alternatives for the maintenance, restoration, or enhancement of injured tissues and organs is gaining more and more attention. In tissue engineering, the scaffold used is one of the most critical elements. Its characteristics are expected to mimic the native extracellular matrix and its unique topographical structures. Recently, the topographies of scaffolds have received increasing attention, not least because different topographies, such as aligned and random, have different repair effects on various tissues. In this review, we have focused on various technolog

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18

Ejiri, Joji, and Yozo Goto. "Introduction of Topographical Effects on Site Response for Design Spectra." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 501 (1994): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1994.501_173.

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19

Barragán-Vidal, A., and F. García-Santibáñez. "Topographical effects of rough samples on grazing angle proton scattering." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 28, no. 3 (1987): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90181-9.

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20

Kinupp, V. F., and William E. Magnusson. "Spatial patterns in the understorey shrub genus Psychotria in central Amazonia: effects of distance and topography." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 4 (2005): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002440.

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We evaluated the effects of topography on the distribution of understorey herbs, shrubs and small trees of the pantropical genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in a 10000-ha rain-forest reserve in central Amazonia. As plots were long and thin, and followed altitudinal isoclines, we were able to avoid the trade off between plot size and precision of measurement of topographical variables. The minimum distance between plots (1 km) was sufficient to avoid spatial autocorrelation in topographical variables. However, indices of plot similarity based on species composition were spatially autocorrelated to d

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21

Bergamo, Paolo, Conny Hammer, and Donat Fäh. "Correspondence between Site Amplification and Topographical, Geological Parameters: Collation of Data from Swiss and Japanese Stations, and Neural Networks-Based Prediction of Local Response." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112, no. 2 (2021): 1008–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210225.

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ABSTRACT We address the relation between seismic local amplification and topographical and geological indicators describing the site morphology. We focus on parameters that can be derived from layers of diffuse information (e.g., digital elevation models, geological maps) and do not require in situ surveys; we term these parameters as “indirect” proxies, as opposed to “direct” indicators (e.g., f0, VS30) derived from field measurements. We first compiled an extensive database of indirect parameters covering 142 and 637 instrumented sites in Switzerland and Japan, respectively; we collected top

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22

Veeraraghavan, Swetha, Justin L. Coleman, and Jacobo Bielak. "Simulation of site and topographic effects on ground motion in Los Alamos, NM mesas." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 3 (2019): 1504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz448.

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SUMMARY Mesas, which consist of an elevated area of land with a flat top and steep cliffs at the sides, are one of the common geological formations present in the Los Alamos region. Previous research has shown that geological formations such as sedimentary canyons can amplify soil response during earthquakes. There have also been parametric studies to understand the response of an idealized and isolated mountain/canyon under inclined plane waves. In this study, a 2-D linear anelastic soil domain, with topography modelled after the Los Alamos region with many mesas and canyons, is considered to

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23

Suvanto, Susanne, Helena M. Henttonen, Pekka Nöjd, and Harri Mäkinen. "High-resolution topographical information improves tree-level storm damage models." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 6 (2018): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0315.

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Storms cause major forest disturbances in Europe. The aim of this study was to model tree-level storm damage probability based on the properties of a tree and its environment and to examine whether fine-scale topographic information is connected to the damage probability. We used data documenting effects of two autumn storms on over 17 000 trees on permanent Finnish National Forest Inventory plots. The first storm was associated with wet snowfall that damaged trees, while exceptionally strong winds and gusts characterized the second storm. During the storms, soils were unfrozen and deciduous t

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24

Punia, Ashish, Priya R. Debata, Probal Banerjee, and Nan-Loh Yang. "Structure–property relationships of antibacterial amphiphilic polymers derived from 2-aminoethyl acrylate." RSC Advances 5, no. 115 (2015): 95300–95306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra17875d.

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25

Dai, Xiaohan, Xuehui Zhang, Mingming Xu, et al. "Synergistic effects of elastic modulus and surface topology of Ti-based implants on early osseointegration." RSC Advances 6, no. 49 (2016): 43685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04772f.

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Elastic modulus and surface micro-scale topographical structure of Ti alloy implants have a synergistic effect on cell attachment, osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in vitro and early osseointegration in vivo.

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26

Theilen-Willige, B. "Detection of local site conditions influencing earthquake shaking and secondary effects in Southwest-Haiti using remote sensing and GIS-methods." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 6 (2010): 1183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1183-2010.

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Abstract. The potential contribution of remote sensing and GIS techniques to earthquake hazard analysis was investigated in SW-Haiti in order to improve the systematic, standardized inventory of those areas that are more susceptible to earthquake ground motions or to earthquake related secondary effects such as landslides, liquefaction, soil amplifications, compaction or even tsunami-waves. Geophysical, topographical, geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and integrated into a spatial database using Geoinformation Systems (GIS) and image processing techniques. The GIS

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27

Reinle, Florian, and Dominic Linsler. "Reibungsoptimierung durch Gleit- schleifen: Das Einlauf- und Reibverhalten über Topographie einstellen." Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik 70, no. 3 (2023): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24053/tus-2023-0015.

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Mass finishing is able to achieve tribological surface optimization through improved surface topography and a modified surface zone structure. The running-in behavior includes both topographical aspects and aspects of the formation of a third body. By means of surface finishing to different levels of roughness, the topographical run-in can be shortened and the formation of the third body can be influenced. Favorable running-in behavior is made possible by conditioning effects, for example in the structure, by a finishing process with a suitable input of frictional energy.

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28

Saranam, Venkata Rajesh, Brigid Mullany, Ali Tabei, Subhasree Srenevas, Chris Evans, and Brian K. Paul. "Surface topographical effects in the diffusion bonding of 316 stainless steel." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 296 (October 2021): 117173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117173.

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29

Higashimori, Yoshio. "Insulator Contamination due to Typhoons and Sheltering Effects of Topographical Environments." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 110, no. 11 (1990): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.110.11_977.

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30

Ohkusu, Makoto, and Yasutaka Imai. "Topographical Effects on Wave Exciting Forces on a Huge Floating Structure." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 1994, no. 175 (1994): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1994.131.

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31

Imai, Yasutaka, and Makoto Ohkusu. "Topographical Effects on Wave Exciting Forces on Huge Floating Structure (2)." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 1996, no. 180 (1996): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1996.180_383.

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32

Son, Ahlong, Seongsim Yoon, Chaeyeon Yi, Byungjoo Lee, Youngjean Choi, and Kunyeun Han. "The Analysis of Effects on Topographical Model for 2D Inundation Simulation." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 14, no. 5 (2014): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2014.14.5.153.

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33

Yang, Jie, and Dajun Tang. "Effects of fine-scale topographical change on mid-frequency bottom loss." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 3 (2012): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4755159.

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34

Huang, Hanqing, Zhenguo Zhang, and Xiaofei Chen. "Investigation of topographical effects on rupture dynamics and resultant ground motions." Geophysical Journal International 212, no. 1 (2017): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx425.

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35

Chamon, Wallace, Yonca A. Akova, Farrell C. Tyson, Dimitri T. Azar, and Walter J. Stark. "Effects of Artificial Tears on computer-aided Corneal Topographical Astigmatic Measurements." Cornea 12, no. 1 (1993): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003226-199301000-00027.

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36

Detsch, O., U. Erkens, U. Jacofsky, and G. Hempelmann. "TOPOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EEG EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS LIDOCAINE IN HUMANS." Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 8, no. 4 (1996): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008506-199610000-00122.

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37

Dierks, T., F. Kullmann, W. Engelhardt, and K. Maurer. "Quantitative Topographical Analysis of Effects of SingleThiopental Bolus on Human Electroencephalogram." Pharmacopsychiatry 25, no. 05 (1992): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1014410.

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38

Govers, Gerard. "A field study on topographical and topsoil effects on runoff generation." CATENA 18, no. 1 (1991): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(91)90009-m.

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39

Rim, Chang-Soo. "The effects of urbanization, geographical and topographical conditions on reference evapotranspiration." Climatic Change 97, no. 3-4 (2009): 483–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9618-y.

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40

Shahbazi, Khosrw, Mohamad Khosrowshahi, Mosayeb Heshmati, and Mohammad Ghietury. "Effects of Geological and Topographical Factors on Determining Gully Erosion Thresholds." journal of watershed management research 11, no. 21 (2020): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jwmr.11.21.259.

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41

Wu, Yating, Lingfeng Zhou, Yaobin Meng, Qigen Lin, and Yang Fei. "Influential Topographic Factor Identification of Soil Heavy Metals Using GeoDetector: The Effects of DEM Resolution and Pollution Sources." Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (2023): 4067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164067.

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Heavy metals (HMs) entering soils are redistributed by natural processes such as surface runoff and soil erosion. These natural processes are characterized by topographic factors (TFs, e.g., Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Total Catchment Area (TCA), Slope, and Aspect), which are commonly quantified by a digital elevation model (DEM) of a certain spatial resolution. Nevertheless, few studies have examined how DEM resolutions affect the detection of influential TFs of soil HMs. In this study, we first applied the GeoDetector method to explore the coupling between the eight TFs and the concentr

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Zhang, Jia, Hao Li, Jia Wang, Yuying Liang, Rui Li, and Xiaoting Sun. "Exploring the Differences in Tree Species Classification between Typical Forest Regions in Northern and Southern China." Forests 15, no. 6 (2024): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15060929.

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Focusing on the trend of continuously seeking high-precision tree species classification results in small areas from the perspectives of sensors and classification algorithms. This study aimed to explore the effects of data sources, classifiers, and seasons on classification accuracy in regions with significant environmental variation, examining patterns of tree species classification to enhance the transferability of classification. Considering two typical forest distribution regions in the north and south of China, this study utilized the revisitation cycle and open-source advantages of Sent

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43

Zhao, Tianbao, Weidong Guo, and Congbin Fu. "Calibrating and Evaluating Reanalysis Surface Temperature Error by Topographic Correction." Journal of Climate 21, no. 6 (2008): 1440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1463.1.

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Abstract Based on the observed daily surface air temperature data from 597 stations over continental China and two sets of reanalysis data [NCEP–NCAR and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] during 1979–2001, the altitude effects in calibrating and evaluating reanalyzed surface temperature errors are studied. The results indicate that the accuracy of interpolated surface temperature from the reanalyzed gridpoint value or the station observations depends much on the altitudes of original data. Bias of interpolated temperature is usually in proportion to the increase of local elevation and topograp

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44

Palermo, Liana, Filippo Bianchini, Giuseppe Iaria, Antonio Tanzilli, and Cecilia Guariglia. "Assessing Topographical Orientation Skills in Cannabis Users." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/137071.

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The long-term effects of cannabis on human cognition are still unclear, but, considering that cannabis is a widely used substance and, overall, its potential use in therapeutic interventions, it is important to evaluate them. We hypothesize that the discrepancies among studies could be attributed to the specific cognitive function investigated and that skills subserved by the hippocampus, such as the spatial orientation abilities and, specifically, the ability to form and use cognitive maps, should be more compromised than others. Indeed it has been showed that cannabis users have a reduced hi

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Xue, Wenyan, Yunming Chen, Congguo Dong, and Yuning Qiao. "Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Soil Microbial Biomass in Robinia pseudoacacia Plantations in the Loess Hilly Region." Forests 12, no. 4 (2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040501.

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The ecological productivity of the Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) widely cultivated on the Loess hilly region has been widely questioned with its aging. Soil microbial biomass (SMB) plays a key role in soil nutrient dynamics and productivity of the ecosystems. Understanding the main ecological drivers of SMB is supposed to be of importance for ecosystem functioning of RP in the Loess hilly region. In this study, we identified the most influential factors affecting SMB at 2 layers (0–10 cm and 10–30 cm) using forward selection in terms of plant characteristics (forest age, tree height, diameter a

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Guo, Peng-Tao, Wei Wu, Hong-Bin Liu, and Mao-Fen Li. "Effects of land use and topographical attributes on soil properties in an agricultural landscape." Soil Research 49, no. 7 (2011): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11134.

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Knowledge about soil properties associated with land use and topographical attributes is vital for modelling soil–landscape relationships and establishing sustainable on-field management practices. Our study focuses on an arable area in south-western China, where paddy fields and vegetable growing are dominant land uses. These are representative of millions of hectares of farmland in south-western China. Samples from 120 sites were collected according to a gridded sampling scheme and analysed. Land-use map units were delineated at a scale of 1 : 2000 from field survey. Topographical indicators

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Li, Sisi, Shreyas Kuddannaya, Yon Jin Chuah, Jingnan Bao, Yilei Zhang, and Dongan Wang. "Combined effects of multi-scale topographical cues on stable cell sheet formation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells." Biomaterials Science 5, no. 10 (2017): 2056–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7bm00134g.

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To decipher specific cell responses to diverse and complex in vivo signals, it is essential to emulate specific surface chemicals, extra cellular matrix (ECM) components and topographical signals through reliable and easily reproducible in vitro systems.

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Prichard, I. T., L. Thomas, and R. M. Worthington. "The characteristics of mountain waves observed by radar near the west coast of Wales." Annales Geophysicae 13, no. 7 (1995): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0757-9.

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Abstract. Radar observations at 46.5 MHz of vertical-velocity perturbations at Aberystwyth (52.4°N, 4.1°W) have been used to examine the incidence of mountain waves and their dependence on local topography and the wind vector at low heights. A contrast is drawn between the effects of easterly winds passing over major topographical features to the east of the radar site and those of westerly winds crossing low coastal topographical features to the west. Estimates are made of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum associated with mountain waves, and the general influence of mountain-wave activ

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Schofield, Neville J., and John R. Kirby. "Position Location on Topographical Maps: Effects of Task Factors, Training, and Strategies." Cognition and Instruction 12, no. 1 (1994): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci1201_2.

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Qi, Lin, Ning Li, Rong Huang, et al. "The Effects of Topographical Patterns and Sizes on Neural Stem Cell Behavior." PLoS ONE 8, no. 3 (2013): e59022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059022.

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