Relevant bibliographies by topics / Topographical surveying – Research

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Academic literature on the topic 'Topographical surveying – Research'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Topographical surveying – Research"

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Levin, Eugene, Roman Shults, Reza Habibi, Zhongming An, and William Roland. "Geospatial Virtual Reality for Cyberlearning in the Field of Topographic Surveying: Moving Towards a Cost-Effective Mobile Solution." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070433.

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In spite of the tremendous success in artificial intelligence technology and a high level of automation in geospatial data obtaining processes, there is still a need for topographical field data collection by professional surveyors. Understanding terrain topology and topography is a cognitive skill set that has to be demonstrated by geospatial Subject Matter Experts (SME) for the productive work in the topographic surveying field. For training of the mentioned above skillset, one has to be exposed to the theory and must also practice with surveying instruments in field conditions. The challenge of any surveying/geospatial engineering workforce training is to expose students to field conditions which might be limited due to equipment expenses and meteorological conditions that prevent good data collection. To meet this challenge, the Integrated Geospatial Technology research group is working on a geospatial virtual reality (VR) project which encompasses the following components: (a) immersive visualization of terrain; (b) virtual total station instrument; (c) virtual surveyor with reflector installed on the virtual rod. The application scenario of the technology we are working with has the following stages: (1) student is installing total station on the optimal location; (2) students move virtual surveyor on the sampling points they consider to be important (3) contours are generated and displayed in 3D being superimposed on 3D terrain; (4) accuracy of terrain modeling is observable and measurable by comparing the sampling model with initial one.
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Senciales-González, J. M., J. Rodrigo-Comino, and P. Smith. "Surveying topographical changes and climate variations to detect the urban heat island in the city of Málaga (Spain)." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 46, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 521–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.4228.

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The main aim of this research was to detect a possible urban heat island (UHI) in the tourist city of Málaga (Spain). To achieve this goal, different methods to validate annual and monthly temperature data have been used, and the internal variability of the UHI with respect to the topographical changes was also surveyed. Our results showed two types of atmospheric thermal gradients: one characterized by a positive gradient according to an elevation above sea level, and another with a negative gradient related to rural areas. The maximum impact of the UHI was found to be 9.1 ºC for an instantaneous event, 4.4 ºC for daily minimum temperatures in August, with a maximum weighted average difference of 2.3 ºC between data from urban and rural stations. We conclude that the detection of UHI is useful as a tool to help urban planners, in order to reduce the intensity of possible climate changes in cities. It is also concluded that UHI is not only a meteorological phenomenon in Málaga city but a climatic phenomenon, present during most days and across the transect of increasing intensity from the sea to the city.
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Wang, Yun, Z. Y. Xu, Y. H. Fu, and Lan Cai. "Investigation into LST and its Novel Application in Mould." Advanced Materials Research 24-25 (September 2007): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.24-25.189.

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Laser surface texturing (LST) technology that is firstly used in rollers, is a specialized surface engineering process capable of enhancing the surface material properties, wear resistance, fretting fatigue life and reducing friction. This practical technology of the LST process is based on a pulsating laser beam that, by material ablation, generates the optimum topographical surface. In order to exploit the full potential of the process, a great amount of research has explored from the material removal mechanics to the development of the LST process. This paper reports on the LST research involving the LST technology surveying process optimization, LST equipment and its industrial applications. The paper also highlights the forming theory describing the skin-pass process of transferring the textured roller’s surface structure onto the steel sheet, and the laser-matter interaction that occurs when and intense laser beam is tightly focused in the workpiece surface. It presents the influence of various factors affecting the textured workpiece performance together with the investigations into tribology of textured components. The paper also discusses these developments and some fundamental on future LST research.
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Mackovčin, Peter, and Martin Jurek. "New facts about old maps of the territory of the former Czechoslovakia." Geografie 120, no. 4 (2015): 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2015120040489.

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The authors have searched the archives for information concerning the large-scale mapping of Czechoslovakia in the period 1921–1950, when the improvement and updating of older maps inherited from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was carried out and new large-scale mapping was launched. Several map sets resulted from the mapping, yet they did not cover the whole territory of Czechoslovakia. Among the sets are: Czechoslovak revised topographical sections of the Austrian 3rd Military Survey, Czechoslovak preliminary maps in Beneš projection, Czechoslovak definitive maps in Křovák projection, German maps to the scale 1:25,000 called “Sonderausgabe” (Special Edition), “Karte des Sudetenlandes” (Map of Sudetenland), “Karte der Slowakei” (Map of Slovakia), and “Messtischblätter” surveyed during WWII. According to the authors’ research these maps covered 69.4% of the territory of Czechoslovakia as it was in 1938 and 75.6% of its territory in 1950. Surveying methods had improved over time and included the use of aerial photography.
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Dogon-yaro, M. A., P. Kumar, A. Abdul Rahman, and G. Buyuksalih. "EXTRACTION OF URBAN TREES FROM INTEGRATED AIRBORNE BASED DIGITAL IMAGE AND LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATASETS - INITIAL RESULTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W1 (October 26, 2016): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w1-81-2016.

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Timely and accurate acquisition of information on the condition and structural changes of urban trees serves as a tool for decision makers to better appreciate urban ecosystems and their numerous values which are critical to building up strategies for sustainable development. The conventional techniques used for extracting tree features include; ground surveying and interpretation of the aerial photography. However, these techniques are associated with some constraint, such as labour intensive field work, a lot of financial requirement, influences by weather condition and topographical covers which can be overcome by means of integrated airborne based LiDAR and very high resolution digital image datasets. This study presented a semi-automated approach for extracting urban trees from integrated airborne based LIDAR and multispectral digital image datasets over Istanbul city of Turkey. The above scheme includes detection and extraction of shadow free vegetation features based on spectral properties of digital images using shadow index and NDVI techniques and automated extraction of 3D information about vegetation features from the integrated processing of shadow free vegetation image and LiDAR point cloud datasets. The ability of the developed algorithms shows a promising result as an automated and cost effective approach to estimating and delineated 3D information of urban trees. The research also proved that integrated datasets is a suitable technology and a viable source of information for city managers to be used in urban trees management.
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Garcia-León, Josefina, María Milagrosa Ros-Sala, Antonio García Martín, Manuel Torres Picazo, Felipe Cerezo Andreo, and Sebastián F. Ramallo Asensio. "Reconstrucción virtual paleotopográfixca de la ciudad histórica de Cartagena (España)." Virtual Archaeology Review 8, no. 16 (May 22, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.5836.

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The city of Cartagena and its immediate surroundings have experienced significant topographical changes throughout its history. Originally built on five hills which border south and west with the Mediterranean Sea, the city has expanded to the north over the last five decades, occupying a lacustrine system which has now dried up due to the diversion of riverbeds which, from time to time, used to flood the place. These changes have been documented and studied from the lithology present in over 400 geotechnical drillings carried out in the urban renewal of the city for the last two decades. In addition, another 20 new continuous drillings have been conducted within the Project “Surveying and planning a privileged Mediterranean city, Arqueotopos I and II” which is still ongoing. The information obtained is completed with the study of all existing historical maps on it. Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) have been generated with this drilling data, then several lithological layers have been selected for its interest: anthropic fill, mud and underlying bedrock. The thickness of each of the layers has been studied in different areas and viewed through various longitudinal profiles that have been plotted. Finally, a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reconstruction has been undertaken to see graphically the documented changes that have occurred in each of these layers, to serve both research and divulgation knowledge.
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Ahmed, Asif, MD Sahadat Hossain, Pratibha Pandey, Anuja Sapkota, and Boon Thian. "Deformation Modeling of Flexible Pavement in Expansive Subgrade in Texas." Geosciences 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100446.

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The tendency of expansive subgrade soil to undergo swelling and shrinkage with the change in moisture has a significant impact on the performance of the pavement. The repeated cycles of wet and dry periods throughout a year lead to considerable stress concentration in the pavement subgrade soil. Such stress concentrations leads to the formation of severe pavement cracks. The objective of the research is to develop a prediction model to estimate the deformation of pavement over expansive subgrade. Two pavement sites—one farm to market road and one state highway—were monitored regularly using moisture and temperature sensors along with rain gauges. Additionally, geophysical testing was performed to obtain a continuous profile of the subgrade soil over time. Topographical surveying and horizontal inclinometer readings were taken to determine pavement deformation. The field monitoring data resulted in a maximum movement up to 80 mm in the farm to market road, and almost 38 mm in the state highway. The field data were statistically evaluated to develop a deformation prediction model. The validation of the model indicated that only a fraction of the deformation was reflected by seasonal variation, while inclusion of rainfall events in the equation significantly improved the model. Furthermore, the prediction model also incorporated the effects of change in temperature and resistivity values. The generated model could find its application in predicting pavement deformation with respect to rainfall at any time of the year.
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Gao, Z., Y. Song, C. Li, F. Zeng, and F. Wang. "RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF RAPID SURVEYING AND MAPPING FOR LARGE SCARE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP BY UAV AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W6 (August 23, 2017): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w6-121-2017.

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Rapid acquisition and processing method of large scale topographic map data, which relies on the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) low-altitude aerial photogrammetry system, is studied in this paper, elaborating the main work flow. Key technologies of UAV photograph mapping is also studied, developing a rapid mapping system based on electronic plate mapping system, thus changing the traditional mapping mode and greatly improving the efficiency of the mapping. Production test and achievement precision evaluation of Digital Orth photo Map (DOM), Digital Line Graphic (DLG) and other digital production were carried out combined with the city basic topographic map update project, which provides a new techniques for large scale rapid surveying and has obvious technical advantage and good application prospect.
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Liu, Shao Tang, Xi Rui Liu, and Fu Qin Yang. "Control Surveying and Structural Health Monitoring Applied in Large Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.243.

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In order to ensure the safety of the bridge, Control surveying and monitoring was applied in many ways. This paper introduces the surveying and monitoring methods, analyzes the surveying accuracy, discuses the effective measures. In case study, Trimble 5700 GPS, TPS，Levels were used to perform the control surveying, and video camera, camera, georobot, three-dimensional laser scanner and other graph or image sensors were used to monitor bridge deformation. The research shows that the relative error of the control network baseline is smaller than 10-6 and the elevation accuracy is satisfied with the standard. The control survey enabled all surveying, mapping and monitoring activities to share a common geodetic reference system，provided a reliable support for the monitoring of the piers，box girders，coastal topographic details as well as hydrographic activities. And the application of modern sensors and the data acquisition technology reflected the real-time deformation conditions of bridge and provided forecasting and alarming information at any time by ways of number, curves, graph and image with high efficiency.
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Cheng, Yihan, Xin Yang, and Hailong Liu. "DEM based Terrain Sketch Mapping in a Loess Landform by considering visual hierarchy and feature generalization." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-43-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A terrain sketch map can effectively describe the terrain features and spatial pattern of a landscape, which are sketched with lines by a geographer after recognizing, analyzing and summarizing the features of a terrain scene to present his/her understanding of a landscape (Bao 1956, Chen 1958, Liu 1988). Compared with a digital elevation model (DEM) scene map, a terrain sketch map, as a scientific abstraction and expression of geomorphological features from the perspective view, is characterized by conciseness and profoundness to show the intrinsic features of a landscape. With the rapid development of computer visualization and digital terrain analysis methods, computer-assisted terrain sketches based on DEM may be automatically generated, depending on geographic cognition theory and the sketch description method.</p><p> Previous research has generated terrain scene maps based on DEM data and has produced various styles of terrain maps, i.e. oil painting, ink painting, pen and pencil sketch maps (Visvalingam et al. 1998, Whelan et al. 2003, Way et al. 2006, Bhattacharjee et al. 2008). However, those computer-drawn sketch maps have focused on the artistic effect rather than depicting terrain features and landform structures. Moreover, the area used for sketch mapping in those researches was relatively small, and visual hierarchy was not considered. Thus, those maps differ considerably from hand-drawn sketch maps by geographers or geologists. Therefore, this paper aims to generate terrain sketch map which can express terrain features as well as artistic effect.</p><p> In this study, one loess ridge-hill area (Wuqi) in the loess plateau of China was selected by considering the typicality of the geomorphic types and the availability of data. The 5&amp;thinsp;m resolution DEM data was obtained from the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, with an area of 102&amp;thinsp;km<sup>2</sup>.</p><p> Three aspects as terrain features, visual hierarchy and feature generalization were considered in this paper.</p><p> Firstly, the typical terrain features must be presented in the sketch map. The loess shoulder line, bank gully lines and surface flow lines in loess landform area were extracted (Yang et al. 2017, Yang et al. 2018). Then based on the Bresenham algorithm (Bresenham 1965), the visual outlines in perspective view were generated.</p><p> Secondly, the visual hierarchy is considered in this study. In a terrain sketch map, more topographically-detailed information is described in the near view, whereas only the approximate outlines and less topographical information are displayed in the distant view. Therefore, a self-adapted visual hierarchy division method was proposed. The scenes are visually divided into three levels, i.e. near view, medium view and distant view. Different numbers and types of terrain features are assigned to each visual level to obtain the effect of clear near and blurred distant views.</p><p> Thirdly, in complexity terrain area, the scene will not only look staggered and messy, but will also affect topographic recognition even only visual outlines are displayed in distant view. Therefore a method of combining DEM and visual watershed generalization was proposed to simplify the visual outlines in distant view.</p><p> Finally, the terrain sketch map is assessed and verified through a questionnaire survey which includes three specialist experts, seven graduate students and twelve undergraduate students with knowledge in geomorphology or geography.</p><p> The result show that the important feature lines added to the terrain sketch map could effectively help to recognize the typical landform characteristics in the loess plateau of China. The severity of soil erosion by gullies are obviuosly presented (Fig.1d) comparing to the sketch mapping with only visual outlines (Fig1b). The map look messy and unsigtly if all the terrain feature lines were put into the map (Fig.1c). By considering the law of air perspective, the visual hierarchy was divided and the visual outlines in the distant view was generalized, thereby realizing the characteristics of a terrain sketch map clear in near view and blurred in distant view (Fig.1d). It also showed from the questionnaire that DEM resolution influence the performance of our method especially with coarse resolution DEM. The experts suggested that filter noise in near view and generalisation in distant view can be further improved.</p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Topographical surveying – Research"

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Grant, Lillian Elizabeth. "A detailed topographical study of the Summerville-Charleston, South Carolina epicentral zone." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25993.

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Baker, Kenneth R. "Assessment of the adequacy of USCGS data tapes for transmitter coverage area calculations." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91083.

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This thesis describes the findings of research conducted as to the feasibility of using the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS) digital topographic database for the automated prediction of radio transmitter coverage area. The objective was to assess the adequacy of the USCGS database to support radio-frequency path-loss and terrain clearance calculations. The assessment was made by investigating the basic features of the tapes and of the coverage calculation process. From this investigation, a prototype computer program was developed which calculated coverage areas from sample data tapes. The computer code for the program is included.
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Books on the topic "Topographical surveying – Research"

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation model of Kawaihae, Hawaii: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division, 2008.

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Center, National Geophysical Data, ed. Digital elevation models of Puerto Rico: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, 2008.

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation models of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division, 2008.

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation model of Corpus Christi, Texas: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, 2008.

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation models of Sand Point, Alaska: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, 2008.

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation model of Port San Luis, California: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, 2008.

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Center, National Geophysical Data, ed. Digital elevation model of Biloxi, Mississippi: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division, 2008.

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation model of Virginia Beach, Virginia: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division, 2008.

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation model of Savannah, Georgia: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division, 2008.

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Taylor, Lisa A. Digital elevation model of Lahaina, Hawaii: Procedures, data sources and analysis. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division, 2008.

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Conference papers on the topic "Topographical surveying – Research"

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Suo, Chen, Eugene McGovern, and Alan Gilmer. "UAV Data for Coastal Dune Mapping." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.245.

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High resolution topographic maps are critical for the development of rigorous and quantitative numerical simulation landscape models. These models can inform targeted land management actions that maintain biodiversity and ecological functions. Mapping functional vegetation communities to obtain accurate distribution and population estimates is an important element of landscape models and is a challenging task which requires a considerable investment in time and resources. A recent development in surveying technologies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s), also known as drones, has enabled high resolution and high accuracy ground-based data to be gathered quickly and easily on-site. The application of UAV’s represents a new opportunity to survey relatively large areas in significantly less time compared to other on-site surveying methods, including GPS, robotic total stations and terrestrial laser scanners. The objective of this research is to use UAV technology to create topographical and vegetation mapping of coastal dune complexes with particular reference to the Brittas-Buckroney dune complex in Co. Wicklow. As the area of study site was about 60 hectares, it was divided into three sections, North, Centre and South. This paper presents the five steps to achieve the objective, setting ground control points, making an autonomous flight plan, flying the UAV for data collection, data processing and result analysis via ArcGIS. The final result, processed by specific software PIX4D, was a topographical map of the study site in the Irish Transverse Mercator coordinate system, with a resolution of 0.125 m and Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error 0.050 m. In conclusion, UAV technology provides new possibilities for mapping as it maximizes improvement of the data quality while reducing the investment in time and labour.
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