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Perrin-Macé, Françoise. "Recherche sur les arbres fondateurs exemplaires à Rome." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4076/document.
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Avant la fondation de Rome, le chêne, le figuier et le cornouiller faisaient partie des essences d’arbres qui poussaient sur le territoire de la cité. Dans l’histoire des origines de Rome, le chêne d’Enée présageait déjà des destinées de la ville auxquelles donnera corps le figuier du Lupercal et celui du Comitium. Cependant, ce fut le cornouiller qui singularisa la création et l’élection de Rome, investie d’une mission civilisatrice universelle. La Cornus fut un des signes matériels des significations politique, sociale et religieuse des actes de Romulus, pourvoyeur de richesses, guerrier, et organisateur qui avait su transformer un lieu à demi forestier en une ville. Ces rôles, assumés par Romulus, répondent au schéma ternaire dégagé par G. Dumézil. Trois symboliques communes aux trois arbres se croisent : la notion de la constitution d’un peuple particulier dont les origines résultaient de la combinaison de peuples grecs et/ou italiques ; l’idée que ces arbres légendaires avaient été impliqués dans des actes de fondation ; enfin le rapport étroit entre une Rome mythique et la Rome des temps historiques que les arbres créent. La tradition sur la fondation de Rome qui a subi l’influence de la Grèce, s’est approprié cette ascendance pour en faire une histoire proprement romaine. Du chêne qui signifiait pour le Troyen Enée le terme de son voyage, puis du figuier, qui avait contribué à sauver Romulus en abritant la louve, jusqu’au cornouiller, poussé en haut du Palatin, les trois arbres mythiques ont symbolisé le lieu de la naissance de Rome et sont restés aux temps historiques des acteurs d’une civilisation urbanisée, regroupée en un seul peuple romainBefore the founding of Rome by Romulus, oak, fig tree and dogwood were part of various tree species growing on the territory of Rome. In the history of the origins of the city, the oak of Aeneas already presaged the destinies of Rome to whom the lupercal fig tree will give body, it was the dogwood which illustrated the creation and election of Rome. The tree, or rather the shrub, was a material sign for political, social and religious meanings of the acts of Romulus in his threefold role as provider of wealth by the gathering of heterogeneous people, warrior who was given a place surrounded by forests, a veritable territory centered on a city, Rome, and deified King. Three symbolic notions common to the three founding trees crosses : the notion of an origin of the territory and the people that was based on an ancient pre-Roman, Greek and/or Italic ; the idea that these legendary trees had been involved in acts of fundation and creation of a people ; finally the close relationship between a mythical Rome and that of historical times, according to the tripartite scheme established by G. Dumézil. The Tradition on the founding of Rome was not exempt from Greek influence but had appropriated this Greek ancestry to make a proper Roman history. The oak, which meant the end of Trojan Aeneas journey, the fig tree which, with the wolf, had helped to save Romulus and the dogwood, pushed at the top of the Palatine Hill, in the middle of Roma Quadrata, the three trees symbolized the place of the birth of Rome, a city that gave a town and a civilization to a grouping of diverse populations before scattered in the woods
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Mahieu, Vincent. "Temps, espace et identités : recherches sur les coexistences religieuses dans la Rome tardo-antique (312-410)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP029.
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Le IVe siècle de notre ère représente indéniablement un tournant majeur dans l’histoire de l’Europe occidentale. Le passage du christianisme du statut de culture marginale d’une communauté religieuse à celui de pôle culturel et normatif à l’échelle d’une société constitue une transition caractéristique de l’Antiquité tardive, qui s’est d’abord opérée sur le terrain des systèmes sociaux de référence que sont le temps et l’espace – lieux d’expression identitaire. La richesse documentaire de l’"Vrbs" ajoutée à sa position de capitale historique et de cité de première importance pour le christianisme en font un cadre d’étude singulier. Cette enquête sur le partage du temps et de l’espace, entre la victoire du Pont Milvius (312) et le sac d’Alaric (410), propose une reconstruction des temps de la cité et une exploration des mécanismes de développement de l’organisation calendaire de l’Église et d’insertion au sein de la trame temporelle urbaine (partie 1). Sur la base d’un catalogue qui actualise le "LTVR(S)", elle reconstitue la topographie polythéiste et examine l’inscription de l’ancrage matériel du culte chrétien au sein du territoire romain (partie 2). Au travers de ces analyses transversales et d’études de cas (partie 3), elle tente aussi de comprendre des modes d’interaction, de coexistence religieuse au sein d’une société. La recherche replace le curseur sur la continuité plutôt que la rupture. Elle révèle un modèle prioritairement intégratif et une stratégie de conformité aux dynamiques romaines dans le partage du temps et de l’espace. Elle argumente sur une cohabitation religieuse globalement pacifique portée par un investissement identitaire commun focalisé sur la "Romanitas"The fourth century AD is admittedly a major turning point in the history of Western Europe. The evolution of Christianity from the status of a marginal culture within a religious group to that of a cultural and normative pole within society constitutes an important transition specific to Late Antiquity. This transition from margin to norm started from the social frameworks of time and space, acting as strong identity markers. The great amount of evidence from the "Vrbs", its position as historical capital, as its recognized status as important city for the development of Christianity, make it a specific research framework. This study, which focuses on the sharing of time and space between the victory of the Milvius Bridge (312) and the sack of Alaric (410), reconstructs the organization of the times in the city and explores the mechanisms behind the development of the calendar structure of the Church within this urban space (part 1). On the basis of a catalogue that brings up to date the "LTVR(S)", this study rebuilds the polytheistic topography and scrutinizes the material inscription of the Christian cult on the Roman territory (part 2). On the basis of these cross-sectional analyses and case studies (part 3), it also attempts at understanding the modes of religious co-existence and interaction within a society. The results point towards a sense of continuity rather than breaking. This dissertation reveals a model that favours integration and conformation strategies to the Roman dynamics in the sharing of time and space. It argues in favour of a religious cohabitation mostly peaceful led by a common identity investment focused on the "Romanitas"
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Fassbender, Andreas. "Untersuchungen zur Topographie von Grabstätten in Rom von der späten Republik bis in die Spätantike /." Köln : [s.n.], 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400559455.
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Fourmond, Catherine. "Recherches sur la topographie chrétienne des cités de l'Afrique antique (à l'exception de Carthage)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040148.
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Afin de mieux connaître la topographie des édifices chrétiens au sein des villes de l'Afrique du Nord à l'époque de l'antiquité tardive et d'en comprendre la raison d'être, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser, en prenant la documentation archéologique comme base de travail, à la vie pratique et quotidienne du chrétien ou des communautés chrétiennes. De nombreuses questions se sont alors posées : comment se décide la construction d'une église et comment l'emplacement dans la trame urbaine est-il choisi ? Quelles sont les implications pratiques de la vie de piété de ces communautés ? Les églises sont-elles installées dans des lieux qui sont favorables à l'épanouissement de leur culte ? Nous avons constaté que les églises ne venaient pas bouleverser l'environnement urbain si ce n'est à des endroits très localisés et d'une manière relativement discrète. Ainsi, par exemple, lorsqu'une église est construite sur une rue on peut effectivement considérer qu'il y a altération de l'organisation urbaine. En revanche, lorsqu'elle réutilise un bâtiment préexistant laissé à l'abandon ou qui n'est plus en fonctionnement, comme par exemple un temple, un édifice balnéaire etc. La plupart du temps son implantation se traduira par un agencement intérieur alors que l'aspect extérieur de l'édifice plus ancien est laissé le plus souvent intact : la parure monumentale de la ville est en cela respectée. Toute une série d'observations formulées grâce à l'étude de la topographie des édifices chrétiens offre en définitive la vision d'un christianisme qui s'installe au cœur même du quotidien urbain sans qu'on puisse en conclure, d'une manière systématique, à un souci de visibilité ostentatoire ou à une architecture de puissance, mais au contraire, à une installation qui témoigne surtout de la présence de communautés plutôt ancrées dans le rythme quotidien de l'ensemble de la population des cités dont elles font pleinement partieIn order to understand the topography of Christian buildings within Towns of North Africa in Late Antiquity, we chose, on the basis of archeological informations, to point to practical and daily life of the Christian or Christian community. Since then, many questions came up : what process leads to the decision and how is the location chosen within the urban network ? Did the Christian community have the opportunity of such a choice ? What could be the practical implications of its devotional life ? Could the churches built in such locations be in harmony with Christian worship so as to contribute to its blooming ? and so on and so forth. Apparently churches did not change drastically the urban environment except in their very premices and even so in a quite neutral way. Thus, for example, if a church is built on a street, we can consider that it comes to alters the urban organisation. On the other hand, when it re-uses an old building such as a temple or thermae, neglected or inactive, we noticed that the implantation was taking place inside the building whereas most of the time the ouside appearance was left untouched : then the city's image was respected in its monumental components. According to a certain number of observations set out from this research, it finaly occurs to us that though christianism settled in the heart of urban daily life, for it does not mean necessarily a concern for ostentatious visibility or systematic search for an " architecture of power ". On the opposite it gives us the impression that Christian's presence is deeply rooted in daily life just as the other inhabitants of the city they fully belonged to
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Prim, Joëlle. "Histoire de l'Aventin : Limites, fonctions urbaines et rôle symbolique d'un quartier romain (IIe siècle avant - 49 après J.-C.)." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083465.
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L’Aventin, la plus méridionale des collines de la Rome antique, a joué un rôle singulier dans l’histoire de la Cité et dans la formation de son espace urbain. Mais la seule synthèse exhaustive qui lui soit consacrée reste, à ce jour, la monographie d’Alfred Merlin, publiée dans la BEFAR en 1906. Il y a pourtant eu d’importantes avancées sur la question depuis, aussi bien dans l’approche théorique de l’histoire urbaine de Rome, que dans les méthodes d’analyse des sources disponibles sur le sujet. En outre, ce corpus documentaire s’est considérablement enrichi, en particulier grâce au travail accompli ces vingt dernières années par les différents services archéologiques chargés des fouilles sur la colline. L’ensemble de ces éléments justifie une nouvelle étude de cet espace urbain. Pour autant, l’objectif de ce travail n’est pas de refaire une histoire exhaustive de l’Aventin. Concentrant l’enquête sur la période qui s’étend du IIe s. Avant J. -C. Jusqu’à l’intégration de l’Aventin dans l’enceinte pomériale, en 49 après J. -C. , cette recherche propose un état de la réflexion scientifique et de la nouvelle documentation disponible sur le sujet, mais elle vise surtout à renouveler notre façon d’envisager les singularités de cet espace urbain par le biais de nouveaux questionnements. Identifier les éléments qui définissent les confins de l’Aventin, étudier ses caractéristiques socio-urbaines et les confronter à l’image plébéienne de la colline qui s’élabore au cours de cette période et, enfin, étudier le paysage religieux et certaines fonctions spécifiques qui s’organisent autour de ses sanctuaires : tels sont les principaux thèmes qui structurent cette histoire discontinue de l’AventinThe Aventine, the southernmost hill of ancient Rome, played a particular role in the City’s history and the shaping of its urban space. Nevertheless, the only exhaustive study of the Aventine is still the monograph by Alfred Merlin published by the BEFAR in 1906, even though substantial progress has been made since then, both in the theoretical approach to the urban history of Rome and in the methods of analysing the available sources on the subject. Moreover, this corpus of sources has been considerably enriched, especially through the work accomplished over the last twenty years by the various archaeological departments in charge of excavating the hill. The combination of these facts justifies a new study of this urban space. However, the aim of this research is not to rewrite a complete history of the Aventine Hill. Focusing on the period from the 2nd century B. C. Until the inclusion of the hill within the Pomerium in 49 A. D. , this study offers a status report on current scientific thinking and the new documentation available on the subject. Also, and more importantly, it aims to refresh our way of viewing the specificities of this urban space by posing new questions. Identify the factors that define the boundaries of the Aventine, study its socio-urban characteristics and compare them with the plebeian image of the hill that developed during this period, and study the religious topography and some of the specific functions that took place in and around its shrines: these are the principal themes structuring this discontinuous history of the Aventine
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Santi, Valentina de. "Topographie pittoresque : art et technique militaires dans la mise en oeuvre du « Plan-relief du Siège de Rome »." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0107.
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La tradition des plans-reliefs, ancienne pratique des ingénieurs des Fortifications dont l'origine se situe sous le règne de Louis XIV, reprennent, au tournant des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, une nouvelle vitalité. Ce moment est le point de départ de notre recherche qui se concentre en particulier sur la deuxième quart du XIXe siècle en s'attachant à deux figures principales: Adolphe-Léon Leymonnerye, artiste topographe de la Galerie, et Jean-Jacques Marie Augustin Leblanc, topographe en charge au service des Places Étrangères du Génie et membre de la Société géologique de France. Tous deux participent à la construction du plan-relief du Siège de Rome (1849-1852), ce qui constitue le cas d'étude de la recherche. Nous nous interrogerons alors sur la façon par laquelle les plans-reliefs, en tant que modèles réduits, dépassent le système géométrique, révèlent une multiplicité d'échelles et une mixité de références qui témoignent de la complexité des approches de cette connaissance d'un réel. En particulier, nous nous attarderons sur la continuité et sur les évolutions de la notion de pittoresque dans le contexte des réflexions sur le langage des cartes topographiques, de l'émergence des savoirs géologiques et de l'appropriation de l'espace par l'histoire nationale des années 1830. En nous appuyant sur le rôle heuristique de l'image au sein des analyses de la géographie historique ainsi que sur le renouvellement épistémologique de l'histoire de la cartographie, notre recherche se situe dans l'axe des réflexions de l'approche historique qui propose de questionner les modalités d'observation et de construction à l'origine des dispositifs visuels et de leur rôle dans le processus de construction des savoirsThe tradition of plans-reliefs, an ancient practice of Fortifications Engineers, whose origin lie in the reign of Louis XIV, was revitalized at the turn of the eighteenth century. This moment is the starting point of our research which tackles in particular the second quarter of th nineteenth century by focusing on two main figures: Adolphe Leon Leymonnerye, topographer artist of the gallery, and Jean- Jacques Augustin Marie Leblanc, a topographe serving the Places Etrangeres du Genie and a member of the Geological Society of France Both are involved in the construction of the plan-relief du Siege de Rome (1849-1852), which constitutes the case study of our research. We question then the way by which plans-reliefs, a models, exceeding the geometric system, reveal a multiplicity of scales and a mixture of references, which reflect the complexity of approaches of the knowledge of the real. In particular, we will emphasize the continuity and the evolutions of the notion of picturesqu within the context of reflections on topographical maps language, of the emergence of geological knowledge and of the appropriation of space by the national history during th nineteenth century. Building on the heuristic role of the image within the analysis of historica geography as well as on the epistemological renewal of the history of cartography, our research lies in the axis of reflexions of the historical approach which proposes to question the method of observation and construction underlying visual devices and their role in the process of knowledge construction
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Torrisi, Valentina. "La Casa di Livia al Palatino. Un nuovo studio topografico." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL122.
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Cette thèse montre qu’il y a lieu de s’interroger sur l’extension et les différentes phases de construction de la première résidence augustéenne du Palatin et en particulier sur une partie de celle-ci: la maison de Livie. Actuellement, j'ai établi quatre phases de construction pour la Maison de Livie, la première peut être datée aux alentours de 70 av. J.-C. en raison des similitudes entre le type de ses murs et ceux des substructions du théâtre de Pompée, construit entre 61 et 55 av. J.-C. et aussi à cause d’une estampille de tuile trouvée dans la substruction du complexe sud-est, datée par Margareta Steinby autour de 79 av. J.-C en raison des vestiges souterrains, je suppose l'existence au premier étage, aujourd’hui disparu, d'un oecus corinthius du côté sud-est et d'une basilique du côté nord-ouest du bâtiment. Les trois autres phases relèvent de l’initiative d’Auguste, qui a acheté plusieurs maisons sur la colline de Palatin afin de construire un complexe résidentiel sur le modèle des palais hellénistiques. Les peintures de la Maison de Livie datées auparavant d'environ 30 av. J.-C. sont datées actuellement au tour de 40 avant J.-C. par Eugenio La Rocca qui a démontré que la maison avait été construite et décorée beaucoup plus tôt. Selon son hypothèse, la « rupture » stylistique entre la première phase et la deuxième phase du second style peut être attribuée à la présence de Cléopâtre à Rome entre 46 et 44 av. J.-C. La reine était très probablement accompagnée d'artistes travaillant pour elle dans les ateliers royaux d'Alexandrie. Il est donc probable que l'élite romaine aurait reproduit les styles et les goûts de César et de CléopâtreThis thesis show that there is cause to question the extension and the different construction phases of the House of Augustus and in particular, of a part of it, the House of Livia as recently Irene Iacopi and Giovanna Tedone published an important paper about the accuracy of dating of the construction phases in the Augustan palace. Currently I established four construction phases for the House of Livia, the first one can be dated around 70 B.C. because of the similarities between the type of its walls and the ones of Pompey’s theatre, built between 61 and 55 B.C. and also because of a tile’s stamp found in the substructure of the south-east complex, dated by Margareta Steinby around 79 B.C. Because of the underground remains I suppose the existence at the first floor, actually destroyed, of an oecus corinthius in the south-east side and a basilica in the north-west side of the building. The three more phases should have been linked to Augustus, who bought several houses on the Palatin hill in order to build a Hellenistic palace styled complex. La Rocca demonstrated that the decoration of the House of Livia started from 40 BC due to the presence of Cleopatra near Rome between 46 and 44 BC. The queen very probably was accompanied by artists working for her in the royal Alexandrian workshops. It is likely, therefore, that the Roman elite would have replicated the styles and tastes of Caesar and Cleopatra
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Moreau, Hélène. "Entre deux rives-entre deux ponts : l'île Tibérine de la Rome antique : histoire, archéologie, urbanisme des origines au Vè siècle après J.C." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30047/document.
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L'île tibérine est l'île fluviale se trouvant sur le Tibre, à hauteur de Rome. sa première occupation connue remonte au iiie siècle av. j.-c., lors de l'installation d'un culte en l'honneur d'Esculape. Ll'île est également au centre d'un noeud de communication entre les deux rives du fleuve. L'objectif du travail sera d'étudier la place de l'île dans la ville de Rome, de retracer son évolution, déterminer ses fonctions ainsi que ses liens et interractions avec les quartiers mitoyens : le trastevere ou le forum boarium, par exemple. L'étude s'ouvrira donc aux ponts de Rome et à certaines zones riveraines de l'île.l'étude sera réalisée en reprennant les textes des historiens et géographes antiques, les inscriptions, les vestiges archéologiques et les récits des voyageurs modernes. Cette disposition topographique de Rome, au bord d'un fleuve, à proximité d'un îlot central, se retrouve dans d'autres villes antiques. Il sera intéressant, après avoir développé l'étude de l'île, de comparer la situation avec celle d'autres villes qui présentent les mêmes caractéristiques, comme Paris ou Antioche par exempleTiber Island, between Vrbs and Trastevere, is one of the topographical characteristic of the site ofRome. Its history and fame begun with the arrival of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine brought fromEpidauros. No study went thoroughly back over the history and topography of this significant component ofroman scenery since the monograph written by M. Besnier in the early years of the 20th century. Nowadayscurrent developments in archeological research and new perspectives in roman topography throw new light onmany issues. This thesis aims to go back over the development, the town-planning but also the place the Tiberislet occupied in town. In this perspective, this is not just about grasping the island as a place but also as acomponent of roman landscape and urban development. Indeed Tiber island can only be apprehended at firstwithin its natural surroundings then its urban one. The island shows a high concentration of cults, which begunwith the advent of Aesculapius, who made it the “sacred island” thus permanently marking its topography.However, studying its planning and administration reveals it was real district too, with all the features as regardsarrangements and activities. At first on the fringe of the city, its integration to the city begun in the 2nd centuryBC until it was established as uicus Censori by the augustean reform. During the Imperial period, the island isalready seen as an old-settled part of the city, which will only know new changes with the banning ofpolytheistic cult
L’isola Tiberina, tra l’Vrbs e il Trastevere, costitui una delle particolarità topograficedel sito di Roma. La sua storia, ma supratutto la sua notorietà, comincia quando arriveEsculapio, il dio greco della medicina, importato da Epidauro. Dalla monografia di M.Besnier, pubblicata all’inizio del XX secolo, nessuna studia è tronata su questo soggetto inmodo approfondito. Ora, l’attualità della ricerca archeologica e le nuovi approci in topografiaromana getteno nuova luce su molte problematice. Duncque, questo lavoro propone diriesaminare l’evoluzione, gli insediamenti ma anche il ruolo dell’isola nella città. Inquest’ottica, non si considera solo l’isola in quanto luogo ma come elemento del paesaggio etdel urbanismo romani. Perché si posse capire l’isola Tiberina unicamente nel suo ambiante,innazi tutto naturale, poi urbano. L’isola si define soprattuto per la concentrazione di culti sulsuo territorio, iniziata dall’arrivo di Esculapio che l’insedia nel suo ruolo d’ « isola sacra » emarca definitavamente la sua topografia. Tuttavia, la studia del suo spazio et della suaamministrazione mostra che era anche un vero quartiere, di cui aveva tutti gli attributi inmateria di strutture ed attività. Inizialmente fuori dalla città, la sua intergrazione nelfunzionamento della città comincia dal II secolo a.C. fino alla riforma di Auguto che laistituisce uicus Censori. All’epoca imperiale, l’isola ostituisce già parte integrante della cittàda molto tempo, che conoscerà nuove trasformazioni col divieto del culto politeisti.Parole chiavi
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Ribouillault, Denis. "Paysage et pouvoir : les décors topographiques à Rome et dans le Latium au XVIe siècle." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010570.
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L'étude porte sur les représentations topographiques (vues de monuments, sites, villes, jardins, territoires) dans les décors des palais et des villas de Rome et du Latium au l6ème siècle. À partir de l'analyse de ce corpus, nous nous attachons à montrer comment la représentation du paysage à la Renaissance répond à des exigences d'affirmation et de légitimation du pouvoir territorial et à la question du statut aristocratique. Cette approche nous permet de proposer des lectures nouvelles de plusieurs décors du Vatican et de monuments importants comme la Villa Giulia à Rome, la Villa d'Este à Tivoli, la Villa Lante à Bagnaia et le Palazzo Farnese à Caprarola. La diffusion du genre doit aussi être mise en relation avec le phénomène de re-féodalisation de la campagne romaine aux 16me et l7ème siècles. Parallèlement, l'étude s'intéresse au dialogue entre paysage peint et paysage réel et à la conception topographique du paysage à la Renaissance
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Locatelli, Lauriane. "La toponymie et l'ethnonymie de la Pisidie antique (XIIIe s.a.C. ; début IVe s.p.C.)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC014.
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La Pisidie, région montagneuse du sud-ouest de l’Asie Mineure, est un véritable conservatoire toponymique de la culture et des langues anatoliennes. Notre thèse porte sur la toponymie et l’ethnonymie de la Pisidie et sur la persistance des langues anatoliennes dans la toponymie de la région. La toponymie et l’ethnonymie nous révèlent l’emprise sur le territoire de chaque peuplement, qu’il s’agisse du peuplement anatolien ou des peuplements exogènes (principalement grecs et romains). En effet, par le choix de la langue utilisée pour créer le nom du lieu ou du peuple, nous en apprenons davantage sur la région. Après avoir réalisé un catalogue des toponymes et des ethnonymes de la Pisidie classés par types et discuté leur origine à l’aide d’arguments linguistiques pour chacun d’entre eux, nous étudions la présence grecque et les colonies romaines en envisageant les dominations successives du point de vue de la toponymie. Plusieurs thèmes sont abordés : la question du contrôle de la région à l’époque hellénistique, les fondations séleucides, ainsi que les colonies romaines fondées par Auguste. Puis, nous nous concentrons sur l’identité des Pisidiens, en étudiant la question de leur origine et des topoi qui leurs sont associés. Les continuités et les ruptures territoriales de la Pisidie sont abordées avant un panorama toponymique présentant un classement linguistique et un classement sémantique des toponymes en fonction du référentiel sémantique (eau, relief, végétation, etc.). L’essentiel des toponymes est descriptif et renvoie à des éléments du paysagePisidia, a mountainous region in southwestern Asia Minor, is a real toponymic conservatory of Anatolian culture and languages. Our thesis deals with the toponymy and ethnonymy of Pisidia and the persistence of Anatolian languages in the toponymy of the region. Toponymy and ethnonymy reveal the territorial control of each settlement, whether it be Anatolian population or exogenous settlements (mainly Greek and Roman). Indeed, by choosing the language used to create the name of the place or the people, we learn more about the region. After having produced a catalog of toponyms and ethnonyms of the Pisidia classified by types and after having discussed their origin using linguistic arguments for each one, we study the Greek presence and the Roman colonies by considering the successive domination in regard to toponymy. Several themes were discussed : the question of the control of the region during the Hellenistic period, the Seleucid foundations, as well as the Roman colonies founded by Augustus. Then we focus on the identity of the Pisidians, studying the question of their origin and the topoi associated with them. The continuities and territorial cleavage of Pisidia are discussed before a toponymic panorama showing a linguistic classification and a semantic classification of toponyms based on the semantic repository (water, relief, vegetation, etc.). Most of the place names are descriptive and refer to elements of the landscape
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HERNANDEZ, DAVID RAY. "STUDIES IN ROMAN REPUBLICAN TOPOGRAPHY: THE SERVIAN WALL AND THE PORTA TRIUMPHALIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1077839141.
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Kanekar, Aarati. "The geometry of love and the topography of fear : on translation and metamorphosis from poem to building." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23286.
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Kim, Yeonjoo 1977. "The role of topography in the emergence of African savannas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44515.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96).Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.
The coexistence of trees and grasses in savannas are not well understood even though savannas occupy a wide area of West Africa. In this study, a hypothesis is proposed to investigate the question of how trees and grasses coexist in a region. The hypothesis suggests that the variation in elevation leads to the variation in soil moisture, which in turn can explain the coexistence of trees and grasses in savannas. To test this hypothesis, experimental simulations are performed using biospheric model, IBIS, and distributed hydrologic model, SHE. We, first, estimate the amount of rainfall required for trees and grasses under a certain atmospheric condition. Here, the variation of rainfall is prescribed to force a similar variation of soil moisture. A 30% decrease in rainfall is sufficient to simulate grasses at 9°N. A 100% increase in rainfall is sufficient to simulate trees at II°N. However, even with a five fold increase in rainfall, the model fails to simulate trees at 13°N. To study the influences of topography explicitly, a distributed hydrologic modeling is performed using SHE. The results suggest that the variation of the depth to water table induced by the varying elevation is highly correlated with the variation of soil moisture. Consequently, an asynchronous coupling of SHE and IBIS is designed to investigate the stated hypothesis. The coupling is performed by modifying IBIS to include the groundwater table as a boundary variable. The modified IBIS simulates both trees and grasses according to a different water table boundary condition in natural savannas of 11°N. The shallow water table of valleys allows the growth of trees, and the deep water table of hills allows the growth of grasses. The simulations in this study suggest that the variability of soil moisture resulting from the topographic variation can be a determinant of savanna ecosystems. Moreover, grasslands in 13°N cannot be changed into forests only by adjusting soil moisture. It suggests that the role of soil moisture can be significant to dictate the vegetation type only in a certain window characteristic of savanna climate.
by Yeonjoo Kim.
S.M.
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McLauglin, Todd Robert. "The role of eph/ephrins in the development of retinotectal topography /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3031944.
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Skopovi, Ivan 1976. "The role of background flow variations in stratified flows over topography." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35632.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91).
As the atmosphere and oceans feature density variations with depth, the flow of a density-stratified fluid over topography is central to various geophysical and meteorological applications and has been studied extensively. For reasons of convenience and mathematical tractability, the majority of theoretical treatments of stratified flow over a finite-amplitude obstacle assume idealized background flow conditions, namely constant free-stream velocity and either a homogeneous or two-layer buoyancy-frequency profile. In this work, a numerical model is developed that accounts for general variations in the buoyancy-frequency profile far upstream and the presence of unsteadiness in the free-stream velocity. The model employs a second-order projection method for solving the Euler equations for stratified flow over locally confined topography in a horizontally and vertically unbounded domain - the flow configuration most pertinent to atmospheric applications - combined with absorbing viscous layers at the upper and lateral boundaries of the computational domain. Using this model, a study is first made of the effect of variations in the buoyancy frequency on the generation of mountain gravity waves.
(cont.) Balloon measurements reveal that, apart from a sharp increase (roughly by a factor of 2) at the so-called tropopause, atmospheric buoyancy-frequency profiles often feature appreciable oscillations (typical wavelength 1-2 kni). It is found that such short-scale oscillatory variations can have a profound effect on mountain waves owing to a resonance mechanism that comes into play at certain wind speeds depending on the oscillation length scale. A simple linear model assuming small sinusoidal buoyancy-frequency oscillations suggests, and numerical simulations for more realistic flow conditions confirm, that the induced gravity-wave activity under resonant conditions is significantly increased above and upstream of the mountain, causing transient wave breaking (overturning), similarly to resonant flow of finite depth over topography. The effect of temporal variations in the free-stream velocity is then explored for a range of amplitudes and periods typical of those encountered in the field. The simulations reveal that transient disturbances resulting from such variations can be significant, particularly in the nonlinear regime, and steady states predicted on the assumption of uniform wind may not be attainable.
by Ivan Skopovi.
Ph.D.
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Frost, Natalie Jane. "The role of topographic complexity in the structure and dynamics of rocky shore communities." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342648.
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Choi, Octavio Seung. "The role of BDNF in the development of retinotectal topographic projections in the chick /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3027043.
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Mulryan, Michael James John. "The religious topography of late antique Rome (AD 313-440) : a case for a strategy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444463/.
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The thesis argued is that in the fourth and fifth centuries ecclesiastical authorities in Rome sought to Christianise the city and its inhabitants through the location of new basilicas within the walls. The current consensus argues that all the churches constructed within the city were built where they were due to Christian land ownership of that site, because an area was a particularly populous one, or that there was a pre-Constantinian 'house-church' on the spot. This, for me, is looking at the city on too superficial a level. If we move away from this perspective and more towards a viewpoint that actually sees these fourth and fifth century churches in the context of the buildings that surrounded them, we can then regard them in the way the contemporary population of Rome would have. In this way, I believe we can reveal an intentional programme by the Roman Church of placing many of its centres of worship in strategically useful areas for its own benefit. In other words, the frequent proximity of these churches to other important buildings or public areas I believe had an effect on worshippers at those churches and on general passers-by. The intended effect, I would argue, was to increase church attendance and create visible and memorable Christian markers throughout the city in order to gradually 'Christianise' it. I put forward the idea that there were four main factors that Christian builders of this period consciously considered and looked for when they were building a new church. They were: (i) is it easily accessible or highly visible (ii) is it close to an area of frequent public congregation (iii) is it near to a significant pre-existing pagan structure or (iv) is it proximate to a bath house and therefore having some sort of relationship with it Not all the Christian churches of this period fit these criteria but, I conclude, most do and therefore argue for a conscious strategy by the Church to Christianise and consequently 'de-paganise' the city. The criteria I have described are not however new maxims for religious buildings. Most of these considerations were followed by the builders of pagan structures in the Classical city, although here for the benefit and notoriety of the builder rather than any desire to promote a specific cult. The increased popularity of a deity may have been an unintentional side-effect however, but whatever the case, such considerations certainly made temples the most visible and prominent buildings in a city. As a result, as well as examining Christian case-studies to argue my case, I will also look at the pagan structures that follow the same rules, as their prominence and importance was something the Church wanted to replicate for its centres of worship. This, I hope, will serve as a comparison and show how builders of churches were merely using more ancient techniques to achieve their ends. My thesis begins with a broad introduction including the historiography of the topic, which in fact overlaps many fields, and where I stand within it. My first chapter sets out my reasoning for thinking that the Roman Church controlled its own building programme independently from the state and so could potentially choose sites on which to build for its own benefit. The second chapter begins my discussion of these churches by looking at those where visibility and easy accessibility was a priority. The third section looks at those Christian centres that can claim an association with a pagan temple or shrine and what the implications of this may be. The fourth and fifth chapters examine those churches that have some sort of relationship with a theatre or circus or a bath-house respectively. Finally, I argue against the theory that some intra-mural churches were built on the site of famous martyrdoms by showing how the evidence for this is anachronistic and suspicious. To serve as a comparison, the belief that certain churches were built over a martyr's tomb is justifiable, as here we have reliable and convincing evidence. To complete the thesis I draw together the accumulated evidence and make my conclusions.
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O'Hare, Peter. "The role of inner pore topography on osteoblast response in hydroxyapatite scaffolds." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431548.
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Kneafsey, Maria Anne. "The city boundary in Late Antique Rome." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34000.
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This thesis examines the changing meaning and conceptualisation of the city boundary of Rome, from the late republic and imperial periods into late antiquity. It is my aim in this study to present a range of archaeological and historical material from three areas of interest: the historical development of the city boundary, from the pomerium to the Aurelian wall, change and continuity in the ritual activities associated with the border, and the reasons for the shift in burial topography in the fifth century AD. I propose that each of these three subject areas will demonstrate the wide range of restrictions and associations made with the city boundary of Rome, and will note in particular instances of continuity into late antiquity. It is shown that there is a great degree of continuity in the behaviours of the inhabitants of Rome with regard to the conceptualisation of their city boundary. The wider proposal made during the course of this study, is that the fifth century was significant in the development of Rome – archaeologically, historically, and conceptually – but not for the reasons that are traditionally given. I have pushed back against the idea that this era was defined by its turbulence, and have constructed an argument that highlights the vast inheritance of the city of Rome that is so often ignored in discussions of the fifth century.
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Igneczi, Adam. "Greenland Ice Sheet hydrology and dynamics : the role of surface and basal topography." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22746/.
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The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is an important and growing contributor to global sea level rise. However, the long-term influence of meltwater hydrology on GrIS dynamics (i.e. hydro-dynamics) and mass balance in a warming climate remains uncertain, partly due to our limited understanding of controls governing the large-scale spatial structure of surface drainage. Although the bed-to-surface transfer of basal topographical variations is thought to exert a key influence on surface hydrology, this is yet to be tested at the ice sheet-scale. Focussing on the contemporary GrIS, I use recent developments in the theory of bed-to-surface transfer to demonstrate that bed properties can be used to predict the surface relief of the ice sheet. Although the approach is approximate, the magnitude and spatial pattern of discrepancies with real topography are consistent with the limitations of the theory and known uncertainties of the input datasets. Additional analyses show that surface relief, which is predominantly controlled by the bed-to-surface transfer of basal topography, preconditions the large scale spatial structure of surface drainage. It follows that the spatial structure of surface drainage depends strongly on the transfer of basal topography to the ice surface. Based on these findings, I estimate the changing future distribution of surface lakes on the GrIS, which is crucial for hydro-dynamics as lakes can initiate surface-to-bed hydraulic connections through thick ice. The total volume of surface lakes is projected to increase sharply - by 172-270% - during the 21st century though the rate of increase slows between 2100 and 2300. The regional distribution of surface lakes is also projected to shift on the GrIS, from the SW to the W, NW and NE. Effects of the changing surface relief on surface lake distribution can be neglected during the 21st century, but projections beyond 2100 should incorporate them.
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Cessi, Paola. "On the role of topography and of boundary forcing in the ocean circulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55311.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1987.Includes bibliographies.
by Paola Cessi.
Ph.D.
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Booth, Adam, and Adam Booth. "The Role of Deep-Seated Landslides in Landscape Evolution: Quantitative Modeling and High-Resolution Topographic Analysis." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12534.
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In many mountainous settings, landslides are the primary geomorphic agent that sets fundamental landscape characteristics, such as topographic relief and catchment-averaged erosion rate. The coupled system of landslides and other geomorphic processes responds to changes in climatic or tectonic forcing, but few studies have addressed these responses quantitatively, especially in terrain prone to deep-seated landslides (those thicker than the upper layer of soil). This study quantifies the topographic expressions and mechanics of deep-seated landslides using a combination of high-resolution topographic data and mathematical modeling. I first demonstrate that deep-seated landslides distinguish themselves from surrounding terrain by generating meter spatial scale surface roughness associated with gradients in strain rate of the deforming material. These methods are capable of mapping landslides with more than 80% accuracy in three study sites throughout the Pacific Northwest, United States. At longer, kilometer scale spatial wavelengths analysis of slope and drainage area data shows that landslides lengthen hillslopes and reduce ridge top elevations to leave their signature on the topography. I then develop and implement a mathematical landscape evolution model including a novel treatment of deep-seated landslide flux to simulate landslides at these longer spatial scales. The model generates topographic profiles for two different bedrock types in agreement with those observed in a study area in the Eel River catchment, California, United States. The sediment fluxes required to produce these profiles are in agreement with independently estimated modern rates. Two-dimensional simulations constrain two essential geomorphic conditions at which landslides occur. First, there must be pre-existing pockets of deep weathering, which allow landslides to erode large volumes of material at rates that episodically exceed the long term average erosion rate. Second, the characteristic time scale for landslide processes must be shorter than the time scales associated with both soil creep and river incision. As the landslide time scale shortens, landslides systematically reduce hillslope relief and increase valley spacing to reduce the mean topographic gradient. This dissertation therefore improves the objectivity of analyzing landslide-prone terrain and provides a framework for rigorously interpreting landscape response to changing climatic and tectonic forcing.
This dissertation includes both previously published and co-authored material.
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Nettleton, Benjamin. "The role of vegetation-topographic interactions in a barrier island system: island migration in a changing climate." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5572.
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Islands have been characterized based on vegetation and topography as exhibiting different disturbance regimes - reinforcing or resisting. This study had two objectives: quantify barrier island upland migration and vegetation cover change over 32 years (1984-2016), and assess tolerance of two prevalent dune grass species, A. breviligulata, and S. patens to sand burial. Using Landsat imagery from the Virginia Coast Reserve, islands were categorized within the disturbance resistance/reinforcing framework based on dune elevation. Resistant areas were associated with woody cover and low marsh to upland migration while reinforcing areas had low vegetation cover and high rates of migration. System-wide, migration rates increased over time and large losses of upland and marsh, paired with expansions of woody cover occurred. In the field, each grass species was subject to repeated burials. S. patens was able to maintain biomass and height in high rates of burial, whereas A. breviligulata did not survive.
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Perea, Virginia Nicolas. "The role of weather and topography in the airborne dispersal of particulate matter in Kent." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2011. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/7133/.
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Local weather data (wind direction, wind speed and temperature) from meteorological stations and daily synoptic data have been examined in relation to airborne particulate material (PM10) concentrations recorded at 17 pollution monitoring sites throughout Kent for the period 2000 to 2008, as an aid to understanding dispersal patterns in relation to topography. In general, local and synoptic wind direction patterns followed the same trends: the yearly distribution is dominated by southwesterly winds, followed by winds from the west and the northwest. Detailed analysis of local wind patterns at four sites (two coastal and two inland) strongly suggested the presence of seas breezes, reaching maximum frequency between March and August and fewest occurrences between November and February. Transport of PM10 over 30 km inland was also inferred. In addition to local wind transport, the location of the pollution monitoring sites and their environment are key to explaining the differences in PM10 concentrations recorded between the sites. The 10 sites located on roadsides registered the highest number of particle counts, followed by the five sites located within urban areas. The lowest amount of particles was found at the two rural sites. The five roadside sites closest to London (two in Gravesham and three in Dartford) exceeded the daily recommended amount of 50 μg/m3 several times each month, probably reflecting the increased road traffic in those areas. Aside from the variation in PM10 amount between sites, seasonal differences were also observed, with the lowest amount of PM10 recorded in the autumn and the highest in spring. Episodes of pollution affecting the whole of Kent were also observed. These were more clearly related to the synoptic situation rather than any local wind variations and appear to indicate regional or trans-boundary pollution transport. The latter is also supported by preliminary evidence from a PM10 trap sampling at a site on the south coast.
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Kordinak, Jacqueline T. "Saint Peter's Needle: The Vatican Obelisk and Its Importance in Renaissance Rome." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1375191561.
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Flexas, Sbert Maria del Mar. "Mesoscale variability of the northern current in the gulf of lions and the role of bottom topography." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6386.
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The Northern Current flows cyclonically contouring the continental slope in the NW Mediterranean. At the entrance of the Gulf of Lions this current is about 20 -- 30 km wide and flows along the deepest half of the continental slope, i.e. over the 1000 to 2000 m isobaths approximately. Surface speeds are of 30 -- 50 cm s^{-1}. In the MATER HFF experiment (March -- May 1997) mesoscale variability of the Northern Current is observed from current meter records, SST images and hydrographic data. The HFF experimental box is 20 x 40 km, covering the upper half of the slope (i.e. covering from 250 m to 1250 m depth isobaths). Current meter and satellite data show that the site is embedded in a region of significant Northern Current meandering and eddy activity. From SST images, meander wavelengths are estimated larger than 60 km, embracing smaller structures. These flow patterns affect upper-layer waters down to at least 650 m depth. Current meter data distinguish two narrow energetic bands centred at 3.5 days and 7.5 days, respectively, in agreement with previous studies.Baroclinic instability is viewed as a possible mechanism to explain the generation of the Northern Current meanders. The analytical model of Tang (1975) predicts the development of unstable waves of wavelength (> 60 km) and periods compatible with the 7.5 day band recorded with current meter devices. The higher frequency band of 3.5 days is out of the frequency range predicted by the classical baroclinic instability theory and it is discussed as a restriction of quasi-geostrophic theory.
Barotropic instability is studied using a laboratory model of a -westward' jet flowing over the lower half of the continental slope, which considers dynamic similarity with the Northern Current. The laboratory model is cross-validated with a corresponding numerical model. Jet instabilities of currents similar to the Northern Current (i.e. westward jets) occur at the edges of the jet, showing a clear meandering tendency over the mid-slope. Westward currents of Ro = 0.1 -- 0.2 develop instabilities of wavelengths (50 -- 75 km) similar to those observed from SST images, with periods (3.3 -- 3.8 days) compatible with the 3.5 days period band recorded with HFFE current meters.
The laboratory and numerical experiments have reproduced westward jets (as the Northern Current), but also eastward jets, in order to have a full approach to better understand the role of the bottom topography on barotropic instabilities. The slope current instabilities are successfully explained by the Marcus and Lee theory (1998) of jets on a beta plane. This theory is valid for westward flows with Ro > 0.1 and for eastward flows with Ro > 0.2 (jets of the so-called Regime II flows in this thesis), and it states that the instabilities of each shear layer of the barotropic jet take the appearance of a Kelvin-Helmholtz-like pattern, associated with a Rossby wave (of topographic origin in our case). According to this theory, the differences between eastward and westward jets rely on the disposition of the Rossby waves --at the centre of the current in eastward flows and at the edges of the jet in westward currents. Jets over a sloping bottom with small Rossby numbers (Ro < 0.1 for westward jets; Ro < 0.2 for eastward jets) show a flow pattern (the so-called Regime I in this thesis) that has common characteristics for eastward and westward flows. In these -small'-Ro flows, Kelvin-Helmholtz-like instabilities dominate, whereas Rossby waves are too weak to produce any major difference between jets flowing in eastward or westward direction. This occurs when the topographic influence, assumed proportional to the Ro number of the jet, is small.
The differences between eastward and westward slope currents observed in this work (and similar observations of jets on a beta-plane from previous works) are explained in this thesis by a simple scheme based on conservation of potential vorticity, considering there are two main components in balance: the shear-induced vorticity and the topographically induced vorticity. The signs of these two components are determined by the relative direction of the flow with respect to the inclination of the bottom topography. Once the critical Rossby number is overpassed so that the topographic effects are important (Ro > 0.1 for westward jets; Ro > 0.2 for eastward jets), conservation of potential vorticity tends to enhance vortices at the centre of eastward jets --eastward jets show meandering at the jet core. In westward jets, potential vorticity conservation is responsible of enhancing vortices at each edge of the jet. Thus, westward jets (as the Northern Current) are broad and meandering occurs at the jet edges.
In Ro > 0.1 westward flows (i.e. Regime II westward jets) a topographic Rossby wave appears over the shelf break. This result is likely observed because of the specific topography used in this work --a continental slope and a continental shelf separated by a shelf break, producing a strong change in ambient potential vorticity. Numerical simulations reveal that this Rossby wave is triggered by the slope current. This topographic Rossby wave is a robust pattern, since it is independent of the position of the current over the slope, the shape of the velocity shear profile of the jet, and the jet width. Although this type of wave could not be inferred from the HFFE field data, it could be a focus of study in further field experiments. It also needs further analytical consideration.
The general conclusion extracted from this thesis that tries to explain the mesoscale variability associated to the Northern Current is that both baroclinic and barotropic instability could explain part of the oceanic observations. As a consequence, mixed barotropic-baroclinic instability (which occurs at wavelengths which are between those corresponding to pure barotropic and pure baroclinic instability) is thought to play an important role on the observed mesoscale variability. The resulting wavelength would depend on the relative strength of both mechanisms.
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Wright, Kierra D. "Chiral polymer surface-cell interaction: understanding the role of chirality & surface topography on polymer-cell interactions." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2012. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/436.
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Understanding surface-cell interactions is essential to fabricating a successful biomaterial. In vivo, cells interact with asymmetric features on the micro- and nanoscale. Some of these features, described as valleys, ridges, and spheres, are random, but methodically placed. There are many techniques used to duplicate the topographical features that cells encounter, many of which rely on precision and are labor intensive. Alternatively, the synthetic poly(2-methoxystyrene) (P2MS) homopolymer selfassembled into desirable features, was easily processed and produced the random surface preferred by cells. The features achieved with P2MS were the result of secondary and tertiary conformations confirmed by circular dichroism. The features were also a consequence of the optical activity revealed by polarimetry. Advanced microscopy verified that the features were indeed biomimetic and measured between 150—600 nm in depth and height. Polymers were synthesized using free radical and anionic techniques; some involved the use of a chiral initiator. Spin-casting and solvent annealing were employed to create polymer films for substrate-cell studies. Reaction conditions and molecular weight were varied to achieve different topographical features and thermal profiles. In showing that the films were able to be sterilized, the films were further subjected to cytotoxicity studies involving both Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The results of turbidity measurements and colony counting revealed increased cell viability. The gram positive bacteria, B. cereus, showed increased adhesion through hydrophobic interactions, the same type of interactions proteins rely on for deposition prior to cell adhesion. The cell adhesion study used the human epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cell line, and showed increased adhesion on chiral initiated P2MS. As a result, this work verified that topographical features can influence cell behavior without the presence of biochemical cues and that P2MS may provide a viable option for tissue engineering applications.
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Kim, Ah-Ram. "Experimental and theoretical investigation of the role of nanofibrous topography feature size on adhesion of Candida albicans." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73314.
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Biofilm formation on medical devices is responsible for a substantial portion of healthcare associated infections with approximately 99,000 deaths and estimated financial burden of $28-$45 billion annually. Given the long-standing challenges of biofilm eradication, physical and chemical surface modifications to prevent biofilm formation from the early adhesion stage, continue to gain momentum.
Nanoscale structural features, ubiquitous in both natural and synthetic surfaces, are increasingly recognized to have wide-ranging effects on microorganism adhesion and biofilm development. In this thesis, bio-inspired nanofiber-coated polystyrene surfaces were developed to systematically investigate how highly ordered surface nanostructures (200nm-2000nm in size) impact adhesion and proliferation of model fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. A theoretical model for cell-textured surface interaction was also developed using thermodynamic principles to demonstrate that single cell adhesion to surface can be used to describe the population behavior. The trend for adhesion density of C. albicans on nanofiber-textured surfaces of varying diameters correlates with our theoretical finding of adherent single-cell energetic state.
Findings from this thesis can be used for enhanced ab initio design of antifouling surfaces for medical applications and beyond. We demonstrate a successful prototypical example of reduction in biofilm formation by optimally designed nanofiber coating of urinary catheters.Master of Science
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Bumsted, Keely Maureen. "The role of opsin expression in the development of photoreceptor topography and synapses in the fetal primate retina /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5679.
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Legg, Michael Antonio. "An Investigation of the Role of Silica Substrate Topography on the Tailing and Broadening of Basic Compounds in HPLC." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193792.
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Atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to study commercial and locally produced chromatographic silica substrates. Previous work has correlated the presence of isolated silanols with the peak tailing and broadening of basic analytes, and studies have shown enhanced adsorption of these analytes to isolated silanols at topographic features on planar, fused silica coverslips. This work provides evidence that similar topographical features exist on chromatographic substrates.This work is the first, to our knowledge, to provide nanoscale, topographic data on commercial silica. Three products; by Agilent, Merck, and Waters all have surface features that are similar in size and shape to the features on planar coverslips. The Agilent product also has seams where the individual colloids are fused together to form the bulk particle. These seams may not be fully silylated due to steric hindrance. Neglecting these features, the bulk of the silica surface is as smooth as fused silica.The AFM, FTIR, and HPLC data all indicate that the Waters silica had roughly twice the abundance of isolated silanols as the Merck product. The HPLC data for the Agilent material exhibited fronting and could not be modeled, but the FTIR data indicated that it had the same isolated silanol abundance as the Merck product.These same methods were used to characterize nonporous silica particles produced in our laboratory to be used as substrates for a variety of separation techniques. From the initial silica particles to the final colloidal crystal, AFM, FTIR, and UV-Vis data used to characterize these materials is presented. A method to determine the refractive index of the silica particles was developed and the changes in refractive index as the material is processed are also shown.Separation of three dye species and another separation of three peptide chains was done on a 2D colloidal crystal of these silica particles. The colloidal crystal outperformed a commercial, silica monolithic product both in terms of peak asymmetry and in resolving the analytes. This preliminary work shows the promise of this material as a substrate for chromatographic separations.
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Bisht, Gautam. "Satellite-based estimates of net radiation and modeling the role of topography and vegetation on inter-annual hydro-climatology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60706.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-260).
The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change acknowledged that the lack of relevant observations in various regions of the world is a crucial gap in understanding and modeling impacts of climate change related to hydrologic cycle. The Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) is an important component in the study of land surface processes. Existing SRB retrieval algorithms generally suffer from two major shortcomings: difficulty in dealing with cloudy sky conditions and reliance on study-site specific ancillary ground data. In this work, a framework of estimating net radiation from the MODerateresolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data is presented that is applicable under all-sky conditions, while solely relying on satellite data. The results from the proposed methodology are compared against several ground measurements within the United States for the entire 2006. Finally, monthly radiation maps for the Continental United States are produced. Modeling, similar to observations, is critical to the Earth Sciences and the second part of this work focuses on the impact of incorporating vegetation dynamics and topography in modeling hydro-climatology over large river basins. Land and atmosphere are coupled with each other through the exchange of heat, momentum and water at the boundary. This work involves coupling of a physically-based, fully distributed ecohydrology model with a numerical atmospheric model, using high performance computing. The ability of the ecohydrology model (in an offline mode) to accurately resolve hydro-climatic signatures and vegetation dynamics is first examined. The ecohydrology model is applied in a highly instrumented catchment, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona, for a period of 11-years (1997-2007). The ecohydrology model is able to capture the behavior of several key hydrologic variables and vegetation dynamics within the WGEW. A series of three synthetic experiments are conducted with a coupled land-atmosphere model. The anomalies of various simulated quantities between the synthetic experiments are examined within the rainfall-soil moisture feedback hypothesis proposed by Elathir [1998]. The results from the experiments highlight the need to explicitly account for vegetation dynamics and topography within a numerical atmospheric model. The thesis concludes with a discussion of contributions, and future directions for this work.
by Gautam Bisht.
Ph.D.
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Balcells, Eduardo. "I. Solubility and blend studies of nitrocellulose II. Relaxation properties of thin film coatings: the role of surface topography." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80171.
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In the first part of this two part thesis, interaction parameters of nitrocellulose with various solvent systems were investigated by Inverse Gas Chromatography. From these data, the solubility parameters of nitrocellulose were determined at a series of nitration levels which were used to guide the selection of suitable plasticizers for nitrocellulose films. Subsequent dynamic mechanical experiments were then used to evaluate the effectiveness of the blend formulations in broadening the glass transition dispersion of the nitrocellulose blended films; in addition, stress-strain experiments were done in order to evaluate the tensile modulus of the nitrocellulose blends.
In the second part of this thesis, both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and dielectric thermal analysis were used to evaluate the relaxation properties of thin film polysulfone coatings and the effect of substrate surface topography on these properties. Both dynamic mechanical and dielectric thermal analysis revealed that the topographical nature of the substrate influenced the linear viscoelastic properties of the thin film coatings and that the extent of this influence was dependent on the coating thickness.Master of Science
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Mukhatyar, Vivek. "Understanding the role topographical features play in stimulating the endogenous peripheral nerve regeneration across critically sized nerve gaps." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45933.
Full textAbstract:
Severe traumatic injuries and surgical procedures like tumor resection often create peripheral nerve gaps, accounting for over 250,000 injuries in the US annually. The clinical "gold standard" for bridging peripheral nerve gaps is autografts, with which 40-50% of patients regain useful function. However, issues including their limited availability and collateral damage at the donor site limit the effectiveness and use of autografts. Therefore, it is critical to develop alternative bioengineered approaches that match or exceed autograft performance.
With the use of guidance channels, the endogenous regeneration process spontaneously occurs when successful bridging of short gaps (< 10mm) occurs, but fails to occur in the bridging of longer gaps (≥15mm). Several bioengineered strategies are currently being explored to bridge these critical size nerve gaps. Other labs and ours have shown how filler materials that provide topographical cues within the nerve guides are able to enhance nerve growth and bridge critical length gaps in rats. However, the mechanism by which intra-luminal fillers enhance nerve regeneration has not been explored. The main goal of this dissertation was to explore the interplay between intra-luminal scaffolds and orchestrated events of provisional fibrin matrix formation, glial cell infiltration, ECM deposition and remodeling, and axonal infiltration - a sequence we term the 'regenerative' sequence. We hypothesized that the mechanism by which thin films with topographical cues enhance regeneration is by serving as physical 'organizing templates' for Schwann cell infiltration, Schwann cell orientation, extra-cellular matrix deposition/organization and axon infiltration.
We demonstrate that aligned topographical cues mediate their effects to the neuronal cells through optimizing fibronectin adsorption in vitro. We also demonstrate that aligned electrospun thin films are able to enhance bridging of a critical length nerve gap in vivo by stabilizing the provisional matrix, creating a pro-inflammatory environment and influencing the maturation of the regenerating cable leading to faster functional recovery compared to smooth films and random fibers. This research will advance our understanding of the mechanisms of peripheral nerve regeneration, and help develops technologies that are likely to improve clinical outcomes after peripheral nerve injury.
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Martin, Samantha Leah. "The role of the Stoa in the topography of the ancient Athenian Agora : the Stoa Basileios, Stoa Poikile and Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283829.
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Han, Guang. "The synergistic role of hierarchical macro- and mesoporous implant surface and microscopic view of enhanced osseointegration." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120584.
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The trend for designing of a titanium implant explored using different chemical compositions and crystallinity materials until people realized that the implant surface character was another important factor affecting the rate and extent of osseointegartion. Titanium received a macroporous titania surface layer by anodization, which contains open pores with average pore diameter around 5μm. An additional mesoporous titania top layer was created that followed the contour of the macropores and having 100–200 nm thickness and a pore diameter of 10 nm. Thus, a coherent laminar titania surface layer was obtained producing a hierarchical macro- and mesoporous surface. The interfacial bonding between the surface layers and the titanium matrix was characterized by a scratch test that confirmed a stable and strong bonding of the laminar titania surface layers upon titanium. The wettability to water and the effects on the osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2) proliferation and mineralization of the formed titania surface layers were studied systematically by cell culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A synergistic role of the hierarchical macro- and mesoporosities was revealed in terms of enhancing cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization, when compared with the titania surface with solo porosity scale topography. For the in vivo results of the evaluation of osseointegration, an argon ion beam polishing technique was applied to prepare the cross sections of implants feasible for the high resolution SEM investigation. The interfacial microstructure between newly formed bone and implants with four modified surfaces including the new hierarchical macro- and mesoporous implant surface retrieved after in vivo tests were characterized. By this approach it has become possible to directly observe early bone formation, the increase of bone density, and the evolution of bone structure. The two bone growth mechanisms, distant osteogenesis and contact osteogenesis, can also be distinguished. These direct observations give, at microscopic level, a better view of osseointegration and explain the functional mechanisms of various implant surfaces for osseointegration.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In press. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Abdo, Amr. "Alexandria in antiquity: a topographical reconstruction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670088.
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Una reconstrucció topogràfica d’Alexandria a l’antiguitat és un intent de trobar un camí en un laberint arqueològic d’evidències fragmentàries. A la llum de les recents troballes, per tant, es tracta d’un intent complementari a d’altres anteriors (Adriani 1934, 1966; Tkaczow 1993). L’estudi actual, té en compte els darrers dos segles de recerca sistemàtica sobre la topografia de l’antiga ciutat, que té com a objectiu: (i) un catàleg de jaciments arqueològics, des de l’Expedició francesa (1798-9) fins ara; (ii) inferir la planta urbana i el paisatge de la ciutat en la seva fundació (segle IV aC), i els subsegüents canvis que van tenir lloc fins a la conquesta àrab d’Egipte (VII dC). Per aquesta raó, s’adopta una aproximació holística a la reconstrucció topogràfica, a on la cultura material s’estudia conjuntament amb el registre històric (vol. I: text). Vol. II de la tesis (imatges; plantes d’AutoCAD) serveixen per mostrar els resultats.Una reconstrucción topográfica de Alejandría en la antigüedad es un intento de encontrar un camino en un laberinto arqueológico de evidencias fragmentarias (capít. II y III). A la luz de los recientes hallazgos, por lo tanto, se trata de un intento complementario a otros anteriores (Adriani 1934, 1966; Tkaczow 1993). El estudio actual, tiene en cuenta los últimos dos siglos de investigación sistemática sobre la topografía de la antigua ciudad, que tiene como objetivo: (i) un catálogo de yacimientos arqueológicos, desde la Expedición francesa (1798-9) hasta la actualidad; (ii) inferir la planta urbana y el paisaje de la ciudad en su fundación (siglo IV aC), y los subsiguientes cambios que tuvieron lugar hasta la conquista árabe de Egipto (VII dC). Por esta razón, se adopta una aproximación holística a la reconstrucción topográfica, donde la cultura material se estudia conjuntamente con el registro histórico (vol. I: texto). Vol. II de la tesis (imágenes; plantas de AutoCAD) sirven para mostrar los resultados.
A topographical reconstruction of Alexandria in antiquity is attempting to find a way through an archaeological labyrinth of fragmentary evidence. In the light of the recent discoveries, therefore, a new attempt becomes complementary to earlier ones (Adriani 1934, 1966; Tkaczow 1993). The current study, taking into account the last two centuries of systematic research into the topography of the ancient city, aims at: (i) cataloguing the archaeological sites, from the French Expedition (1798-99) to date; (ii) infer the urban plan and cityscape of the foundation (4th cent. BC), and the subsequent changes taking place to the Arab conquest of Egypt (7th cent. AD). To this end, a holistic approach to topographical reconstruction is adopted, where ‘material culture’ is studied in conjunction with the ‘historical record’ (vol. I: text). Vol. II of the thesis (plates; AutoCAD maps) serves to display the results.
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Bell, Roslynne. "Power and Piety: Augustan Imagery and the Cult of the Magna Mater." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Classics and Linguistics, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/955.
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This thesis examines the ways in which the Magna Mater became an integral part of Augustan ideology and the visual language of the early principate. Traditionally, our picture of the Augustan Magna Mater has been shaped by evidence from literary sources. Here, however, the monuments of the goddess' cult are considered in their religio-political context. Works that link Augustus himself to the Magna Mater are shown to reveal that the goddess played a significant and hitherto unappreciated role in official propaganda. Part I examines the nature of the Augustan reconstruction of the Palatine Temple of the Magna Mater and challenges persistent claims that the princeps was disinterested in the metroac cult. Augustus' use of inexpensive building materials is shown to be, not a display of parsimony, but an attempt to retain the traditional appearance of a venerable structure. A reinterpretation of the temple's pedimental and acroterial sculpture, using the Valle-Medici reliefs, demonstrates that Augustus promoted the Magna Mater as an allegory of Rome's Trojan heritage and as a symbol of a new Golden Age. Part II investigates the topography of the Augustan precinct on the Palatine, and argues that the geographic linkage of the metroön and the House of Augustus became a topos in imperial imagery. It then demonstrates that several well-known works of art echo this connection between the princeps and the goddess. These works range from statues in the Circus Maximus designed to be viewed by thousands, to the Gemma Augustea, a luxury item intended for the elite. They are also found both inside and outside Rome. A reassessment of the Vicus Sandaliarius altar and the Sorrento base illustrates popular recognition of Augustus' reinvention of the Magna Mater as a national deity of Rome and the tutelary goddess of the Julio-Claudii.
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(5929451), Paul R. Acosta. "INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TOPOGRAPHY AND THE ATMOSPHERE:THE ROLE OF ASIAN TOPOGRAPHIES ON THE INDO-ASIAN MONSOON." 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Topography influences climate dynamics by redirecting how the atmosphere transports moisture, and energy. By doing so, topography alters precipitation patterns, circulation of wind, riverine fluxes, and ocean upwelling distributions. This dissertation investigates the linkages between major topographic features and atmospheric dynamics within an Earth System perspective. The studies presented build upon the foundations of theoretical atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamical principles and primarily delves into the interactions between the Indo-Asian Monsoon and the surrounding topographies. First, I explore gaps in the current body of literature, mainly using observational datasets and reanalysis products. I then add in more sophisticated tools, such as general circulation models (GCMs) to investigate how terrain orogen impact the regional climatic regime with an emphasis on the monsoonal environment. To do so I explore drawbacks in using currently available GCMs and demonstrate the necessity of utilizing appropriate model horizontal-grid resolution when studying atmosphere-terrain interactions. I then delve into reexamining previously explored monsoon theories, and develop new concepts and theories for the Indo-Asian Monsoon. Lastly, I apply such model tools to further understand the orogen of the Tibetan Plateau. To do so, I examine the paleoenthalpy methods and determine its viability in measuring the paleoelevation of the Tibetan Plateau. Ultimately, we apply this method to aid the paleoclimate community in deciphering the evolution of Tibet during the Cenozoic era. Constraining the evolution of the regional topography is crucial for understanding the hydrological cycle and the climatic evolution of Eurasia.
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Crowther, Benjamin Miles. "Topographies of demonstration in the late Republican and Augustan Forum Romanum." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25786.
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This report investigates the relationship between demonstrations and the built environment of the Forum Romanum. As one of the chief loci for the creation of public discourse in Rome, the Forum Romanum was a prime target for demonstrations. An in-depth evaluation of late Republican demonstrations within the Forum reveals how demonstrations sought to create alternative discourses. Late Republican demonstrators often incorporated the topography of the Forum into their demonstrations, either for strategic or symbolic reasons. Demonstrators were particularly concerned with the occupation of the Forum and restricting access to the speaker’s platforms. In doing so, demonstrations attempted to legitimate their own goals and objectives by equating them with the will of the people. The Augustan transformation of the Forum Romanum disrupted this established Republican topography of demonstration. Changes in the built environment limited the effectiveness of a demonstration’s ability to occupy the Forum. Entrances to the Forum were narrowed to impede the movement of demonstrators. Speaker’s platforms were insulated from the assembled crowd. A number of redundant measures, including surveillance and legal remedies, ensured that a new topography of demonstration did not form. These changes to the Forum Romanum participated in Augustus’s larger ideological program by prohibiting the creation of discourses opposed to the Augustan message.text
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Oakley, Carol. "Role of the cytoskeleton and substratum in cell topographic guidance." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6743.
Full textAbstract:
Topographic guidance refers to reactions of cells with the topography of their substratum and
includes alterations in cell shape, orientation and polarity of movement. Current hypotheses focus
on the cytoskeleton although most observations have been limited to cells that were already
oriented with their substratum topography. In this thesis I addressed this shortcoming, tested the
current theories of contact guidance and hypothesized that there may be a prime or principal
cytoskeletal determinant of fibroblast orientation on micromachined grooves. I predicted that the
principal cytoskeletal determinant of contact guidance would be the first cytoskeletal component to
become aligned with the topography, would be most sensitive to size and arrangement of the
topography and would be able to exert its influence independently. Furthermore, if the principal
determinant was also the sole determinant, then contact guidance would not occur in its absence.
Finally, the principal component would operate in other cell types.
The hypotheses and predictions were tested directly by examining the development of cytoskeletal
alignment in relation to overall cell shape and alignment as fibroblasts spread on micromachined
grooved substrata. Time-lapse cinematography, conventional and confocal epifluorescence
microscopy and computer-assisted morphometry indicated that microtubules were the first
cytoskeletal element to become aligned and microtubule alignment preceded alignment of the cells
themselves.
Cell spreading and alignment in the presence of specific inhibitors of microtubules (colcemid) and
actin microfilament bundles (cytochalasin) on micromachined grooves that differed in size
demonstrated that the integrity of either the microtubule or actin system could be sufficient to
produce alignment with an appropriate substratum topography but cells deficient in microtubules
required significantly more time to accomplish these behaviours. These experiments demonstrated
that microtubules were the principal but not the sole cytoskeletal determinant of contact guidance on
micromachined grooves. Microtubules responded faster and to smaller topographic features than microfilaments but unless the topography elicited alignment of both the microtubule and actin
systems, the influence of microtubules upon cell alignment was tempered. I concluded that the
substratum topography could selectively or differentially effect alignment of the microtubule and
actin systems so that cell alignment and migration could be enhanced or retarded.
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"Mesoscale variability of the northern current in the gulf of lions and the role of bottom topography." Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-1216103-124531/.
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Noriega, Sandra. "Role of scaffold topography and stimulation via ultrasound on the biosynthetic activity of chondrocytes seeded in 3D matrices." 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1886658411&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=14215&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009.Title from title screen (site viewed January 5, 2010). PDF text: xiv, 328 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 7.48 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3373081. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.
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Yeh, Chun-Ming, and 葉峻銘. "The Role of Topography and Environmental Vertical Wind Shear in Forming the Convective Asymmetry in Typhoon Nanmadol (2011)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4976qp.
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