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Dauphin, Alexandre. "Cold atom quantum simulation of topological phases of matter." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209076.
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L'étude des phases de la matière est d'un intérêt fondamental en physique. La théorie de Landau, qui est le "modèle standard" des transitions de phases, caractérise les phases de la matière en termes des brisures de symétrie, décrites par un paramètre d'ordre local. Cette théorie a permis la description de phénomènes remarquables tels que la condensation de Bose-Einstein, la supraconductivité et la superfluidité.Il existe cependant des phases qui échappent à la description de Landau. Il s'agit des phases quantiques topologiques. Celles-ci constituent un nouveau paradigme et sont caractérisées par un ordre global défini par un invariant topologique. Ce dernier classe les objets ou systèmes de la manière suivante: deux objets appartiennent à la même classe topologique s'il est possible de déformer continument le premier objet en le second. Cette propriété globale rend le système robuste contre des perturbations locales telles que le désordre.
Les atomes froids constituent une plateforme idéale pour simuler les phases quantiques topologiques. Depuis l'invention du laser, les progrès en physique atomique et moléculaire ont permis un contrôle de la dynamique et des états internes des atomes. La réalisation de gaz quantiques,tels que les condensats de Bose-Einstein et les gaz dégénérés de Fermi, ainsi que la réalisation de réseaux optiques à l'aide de faisceaux lasers, permettent d'étudier ces nouvelles phases de la matière et de simuler aussi la physique du solide cristallin.
Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur l'etude d'isolants topologiques avec des atomes froids. Ces derniers sont isolants de volume mais possèdent des états de surface qui sont conducteurs, protégés par un invariant topologique. Nous traitons trois sujets principaux. Le premier sujet concerne la génération dynamique d'un isolant topologique de Mott. Ici, les interactions engendrent l'isolant topologique et ce, sans champ de jauge de fond. Le second sujet concerne la détection des isolants topologiques dans les expériences d'atomes froids. Nous proposons deux méthodes complémentaires pour caractériser celles-ci. Finalement, le troisième sujet aborde des thèmes au-delà de la définition standard d'isolant topologique. Nous avons d'une part proposé un algorithme efficace pour calculer la conductivité de Berry, la contribution topologique à la conductivité transverse lorsque l'énergie de Fermi se trouve dans une bande d'énergie. D'autre part, nous avons utilisé des méthodes pour caractériser les propriétés quantiques topologiques de systèmes non-périodiques.
L'étude des isolants topologiques dans les expériences d'atomes froids est un sujet de recherche récent et en pleine expansion. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse apporte plusieurs contributions théoriques pour la simulation de systèmes quantiques sur réseau avec des atomes froids.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Thiang, Guo Chuan. "Topological phases of matter, symmetries, and K-theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53b10289-8b59-46c2-a0e9-5a5fb77aa2a2.
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This thesis contains a study of topological phases of matter, with a strong emphasis on symmetry as a unifying theme. We take the point of view that the "topology" in many examples of what is loosely termed "topological matter", has its origin in the symmetry data of the system in question. From the fundamental work of Wigner, we know that topology resides not only in the group of symmetries, but also in the cohomological data of projective unitary-antiunitary representations. Furthermore, recent ideas from condensed matter physics highlight the fundamental role of charge-conjugation symmetry. With these as physical motivation, we propose to study the topological features of gapped phases of free fermions through a Z2-graded C*-algebra encoding the symmetry data of their dynamics. In particular, each combination of time reversal and charge conjugation symmetries can be associated with a Clifford algebra. K-theory is intimately related to topology, representation theory, Clifford algebras, and Z2-gradings, so it presents itself as a powerful tool for studying gapped topological phases. Our basic strategy is to use various K
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Ermakova, Natalia. "Signatures of topological phases in an open Kitaev chain." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300177.
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Some physical systems exhibit topological properties in the form of topological invariants— features of the system that remain constant unless the system undergoessignificant changes i.e. changes that require closing the energy gap of the Hamiltonian.This work studies one example of a system with topological properties — a Kitaevchain. Here, this model is studied when it is coupled to an environment. We studythe effect of the coupling on the topology of the system and attempt to find signaturesof topological phases in the dynamics of the system. By using the Lindblad equationdefined in the formalism of third quantization, we study the time evolution of thesystem numerically by using the Euler method. We find that the dynamics of theentanglement spectrum of half of the chain is different in the topological and trivialphases: if the system undergoes a quench from trivial to topological phase, the entanglementspectrum exhibits crossings as the system evolves in time. We also studythe topological phases when disorder is added to the system. We test the stabilityof the topological phases of the system against disorder and find that the topologicalphases are not affected by a weak disorder. Moreover, by studying the statistics of theminimum entanglement spectrum gap, we find that, in general, a stronger disordermakes the crossings less likely to appear in the topological phase and more likely toappear in the trivial phase.Det finns fysiska system som visar topologiska egenskaper i form av topologiska invarianter,som ändras inte så länge systemet genomgår ändringar som inte stängerHamiltonianens energigap. I det här arbetet undersöker vi ett exempel av ett systemmed topologiska egenskaper — en Kitaev kedja. Denna modell är studerat närden är kopplad till en omgivning. Vi undersöker kopplingens påverkan på systemetstopologi och vi försöker hitta tecken på topologiska faser i systemets dynamik. Vianvänder Lindblads ekvation definierat i tredje kvantiserings formalism för att studerasystemets tidsutveckling numeriskt, genom att använda Eulers metod. Vi upptäckeratt det finns skillnader i tidsutveckling av kvantsammanflätningsspektrumav häften av kedjan som beror på systems topologiska fas. Om systemet genomgåren kvantsläckning från den triviala till den topologiska fasen, kommer det finnas korsningari kvantsammanflätningensspektrum som uppstår under dess tidsutveckling.Dessutom studerar vi de topologiska faserna när det finns oordning i systemet. Viundersöker topologiska fasernas stabilitet mot oordning och upptäcker att en svagoordning påverkar inte de topologika faserna. Dessutom, genom att studera den minstakvantsammanflätningsspektrumsgap upptäcker vi att en starkare oordning ledertill kvantsammanflätningsspektrumskorsningar att vara mindre sannolika i den topologiskafasen och mer sannolika i den triviala fasen.
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Macaluso, Elia. "Probing Quasihole and Edge Excitations of Atomic and Photonic Fractional Quantum Hall Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/250215.
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The discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect for two-dimensional electron gases immersed in a strong orthogonal magnetic field represents a cornerstone of modern physics. The states responsible for the appearance of the fractional quantum Hall effect have been found to be part of a whole new class of phases of matter, characterized by an internal order with unprecedented properties and known as topological order. This fact opened up a completely new territory for physical studies, paving the way towards many of the current hot topics in physics, such as topological phases of matter, topological order and topological quantum computing. As it happens for most topologically-ordered phases, fractional quantum Hall states are breeding ground for the observation of many exotic physical phenomena. Important examples include the appearance of degenerate ground states when the system in placed on a space with non-trivial topology, the existence of chiral gapless edge excitations which unidirectionally propagate without suffering of back-scattering processes, and the possibility of hosting elementary excitations, known as quasiparticles and quasiholes, carrying fractional charge and anyonic statistics. Even though for years since their discovery fractional quantum Hall states have been studied only in electronic systems, the recent advances made in the domains of quantum simulators and artificial gauge fields opened the possibility to realize bosonic analogs of these states in platforms based on ultracold atoms and photons. Reaching the appropriate conditions for the simulation of the fractional quantum Hall effect with neutral particles (such as atoms and photons) has required decades of both theoretical and experimental efforts and passed through the implementation of many topological models at the single-particle level. However, we strongly believe that the stage is set finally and that bosonic fractional quantum Hall states will be realized soon in different set-ups. Motivated by this fact, we dedicate this Thesis to the study of the edge and quasihole excitations of bosonic fractional quantum Hall states with the goal of guiding near future experiments towards exciting discoveries such as the observation of anyons. In the first part of the Thesis we focus our attention on the behavior of the edge excitations of the bosonic $ u=1/2$ Laughlin state (a paradigmatic wave function for the fractional quantum Hall effect) in the presence of cylindrically symmetric hard-wall confining potentials. With respect to electronic devices, atomic and photonic platforms offers indeed a more precise control on the external potential confining the systems, as confirmed by the recent realization of flat-bottomed traps for ultracold atoms and by the flexibility in designing optical cavities. At the same time, most of the theoretical works in this direction have considered harmonic confinements, for which the edge states have been found to display the standard chiral Luttinger liquid behavior, leaving the field open for our analysis of new physics beyond the Luttinger paradigm. In the second part we propose a novel method to probe the statistical properties of the quasihole excitations on top of a fractional quantum Hall state. As compared to the previous proposals, it does not rely on any form of interference and it has the undeniable advantage of requiring only the measurements of density-related observables. As we have already mentioned, although the existence of anyons have been theoretically predicted long time ago, it still lacks a clear-cut experimental evidence and this motivated people working with ultracold atoms and photons to push their systems into the fractional quantum Hall regime. However, while there exist plenty of proposals for the detection of anyons in solid-state systems (mostly based on interferometric schemes in which currents are injected into the system and anyons travel along its edges), in the present literature the number of detection schemes applicable in ultracold atomic and/or photonic set-ups is much smaller and they are typically as demanding as those proposed in the electronic context. Finally, in the last part of the Thesis we move to the lattice counterparts of the fractional quantum Hall states, the so-called fractional Chern insulators. Still with the purpose of paving the way for future experimental studies with quantum simulators, we focus our attention of the simplest bosonic version of these states and, in particular, on the properties of its quasihole excitations. Although this topic has already been the subject of intense studies, most of the previous works were limited either to system sizes which are too small to host anyonic excitations, or to unphysical conditions, such as periodic geometries and non-local Hamiltonians. Our study investigates for the first time the properties of genuine quasihole excitations in experimentally relevant situations.
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Radha, Santosh Kumar. "Knitting quantum knots-Topological phase transitions in Two-Dimensional systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1595870012750826.
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Plekhanov, Kirill. "Topological Floquet states, artificial gauge fields in strongly correlated quantum fluids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS264/document.
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Dans cette thèse nous abordons des aspects topologiques de la matière condensée. Les états topologiques sont insensibles à un large spectre des perturbations externes et au désordre – une propriété indispensable dans le domaine d'information quantique. L’effet des interactions dans des systèmes topologiques est pourtant loin d’être bien maîtrisé à ce jour. Dans ce travail, nous étudions la corrélation entre la description topologique et l'effet des interactions. Afin d'accomplir notre but, nous utilisons des méthodes analytiques et numériques. Nous nous intéressons aussi à des sondes expérimentales qui peuvent être utilisées pour vérifier nos prédictions théoriques. Tout d’abord, nous étudions la version bosonique en interactions du modèle de Haldane – le modèle célèbre qui décrit l’effet Hall anomal. Nous proposons son implémentation expérimentale dans des circuits quantiques, basée sur l’application de perturbation périodique dépendantes du temps – méthodologie qui s’appelle l’ingénierie de Floquet. En poursuivant ces idées, nous étudions la version bosonique du modèle de Kane-Mele d’un isolant topologique. Ce modèle possède un diagramme de phase très riche. En particulier, lorsque les interactions sont fortes, nous observons l’apparition d’un modèle de magnétisme frustrée présentant une variété d'états exotiques. La mise en œuvre de ces modèles dans des réseaux d'atomes ultra-froids ou des circuits quantiques permettra de sonder expérimentalement les propriétés exotiques que nous avons observées. Ensuite, nous abordons d’une manière plus détaillée la réalisation expérimentale des modèles topologiques dans des circuits quantiques, en considérant le cas particulier du modèle de Su-Schrieffer-Heeger en couplage fort. Nous testons aussi des nouvelles sondes qui peuvent être utilisées afin de mesurer la phase de Zak et en déduire la topologie du système. Finalement, nous nous intéressons aux sondes hors d’équilibre et des méthodes pour tester les propriétés spectrales de systèmes quantiques, en utilisant l’approche de purification, pertinent pour le numérique et les expériencesIn this thesis we study the topological aspects of condensed matter physics, that received a revolutionary development in the last decades. Topological states of matter are protected against perturbations and disorder, making them very promising in the context of quantum information. The interplay between topology and interactions in such systems is however far from being well understood, while the experimental realization is challenging. Thus, in this work we investigate analytically such strongly correlated states of matter and explore new protocols to probe experimentally their properties. In order to do this, we use various analytical and numerical techniques. First, we analyze the properties of an interacting bosonic version of the celebrated Haldane model – the model for the quantum anomalous Hall effect. We propose its quantum circuit implementation based on the application of periodic time-dependent perturbations – Floquet engineering. Continuing these ideas, we study the interacting bosonic version of the Kane-Mele model – the first model of a topological insulator. This model has a very rich phase diagram with an emergence of an effective frustrated magnetic model and a variety of symmetry broken spin states in the strongly interacting regime. Ultra-cold atoms or quantum circuits implementation of both Haldane and Kane-Mele bosonic models would allow for experimental probes of the exotic states we observed. Second, in order to deepen the perspectives of quantum circuit simulations of topological phases we analyze the strong coupling limit of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and we test new experimental probes of its topology associated with the Zak phase. We also work on the out-of-equilibrium protocols to study bulk spectral properties of quantum systems and quantum phase transitions using a purification scheme which could be implemented both numerically and experimentally
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Roy, Sthitadhi [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schreiber, Michael [Gutachter] Schreiber, and Roderich [Gutachter] Moessner. "Nonequilibrium and semiclassical dynamics in topological phases of quantum matter / Sthitadhi Roy ; Gutachter: Michael Schreiber, Roderich Moessner ; Betreuer: Michael Schreiber." Chemnitz : Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1215908903/34.
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Ronquillo, David Carlos. "Magnetic-Field-Driven Quantum Phase Transitions of the Kitaev Honeycomb Model." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587035230123328.
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Pradhan, Sunny. "Toeplitz matrices for the long-range Kitaev model." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18018/.
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In questa tesi discuteremo delle fasi topologiche di una catena quantistica unidimensionale con accoppiamento superconduttivo, nota anche come catena di Kitaev, insieme a un paio di estensioni di essa: una con accoppiamento a lungo raggio e una con accoppiamento ai bordi della catena.
Queste fasi verranno investigate con l'aiuto della teoria delle matrici di Toeplitz, che semplifica sia la risoluzione dello spettro che delle funzioni di correlazione.
Inoltre, all'interno della teoria delle matrici di Toeplitz identificheremo un winding number particolare, che potrà essere usato come strumento per rilevare fasi topologiche e edge state non massivi.
Sulla base di questa identificazione, insieme ad alcune analisi numeriche eseguite sulla catena di Kitaev a lungo-raggio, proporremo una congettura sulla comparsa di edge state massivi, che verrà usata poi per spiegare una transizione di fase senza chiusura del gap che avviene nella catena di Kitaev a lungo raggio.
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Tibaldi, Simone. "Deep learning topological phases of matter." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20521/.
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This thesis is aimed at showing how to set up a typical problem of Condensed Matter physics in a Deep Learning framework. In order to do this we will introduce the Kitaev model (a superconducting quantum wire with topological properties) with nearest neighbor coupling, next to nearest neighbor coupling and an interacting
term. Then we will present the Machine Learning techniques we are going to use. Finally we will apply them to train a Neural Network and a Convolutional Neural Network on recognizing the topological phases of matter of the non-interacting model to test it on the classification of interacting data.
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Jiang, Shenghan. "Symmetric topological phases and tensor network states:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107410.
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Thesis advisor: Ying RanClassification and simulation of quantum phases are one of main themes in condensed matter physics. Quantum phases can be distinguished by their symmetrical and topological properties. The interplay between symmetry and topology in condensed matter physics often leads to exotic quantum phases and rich phase diagrams. Famous examples include quantum Hall phases, spin liquids and topological insulators. In this thesis, I present our works toward a more systematically understanding of symmetric topological quantum phases in bosonic systems. In the absence of global symmetries, gapped quantum phases are characterized by topological orders. Topological orders in 2+1D are well studied, while a systematically understanding of topological orders in 3+1D is still lacking. By studying a family of exact solvable models, we find at least some topological orders in 3+1D can be distinguished by braiding phases of loop excitations. In the presence of both global symmetries and topological orders, the interplay between them leads to new phases termed as symmetry enriched topological (SET) phases. We develop a framework to classify a large class of SET phases using tensor networks. For each tensor class, we can write down generic variational wavefunctions. We apply our method to study gapped spin liquids on the kagome lattice, which can be viewed as SET phases of on-site symmetries as well as lattice symmetries. In the absence of topological order, symmetry could protect different topological phases, which are often referred to as symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases. We present systematic constructions of tensor network wavefunctions for bosonic symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases respecting both onsite and spatial symmetries
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Meichanetzidis, Konstantinos. "Diagnosing topological quantum matter via entanglement patterns." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18806/.
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Quantum matter involves the study of entanglement patterns in the ground states of many-body systems. Of significant interest have recently been topological states of matter, which exhibit characteristics only described globally. As such they are robust to local deformations. In this thesis, we study inter-correlations of many-body states through the entanglement spectrum, obtained by a bipartition of both topological and non-topological systems. In particular, we introduce two novel diagnostics which operate on entanglement spectra. For topological phases supporting edge states on open boundaries we take a quantum-information inspired approach by invoking the monogamy relations obeyed by multi-partite systems. Within a strictly single-particle framework, we establish a correspondence between highly entangled mode and the existence of edge states. In the many-body context, we introduce the interaction distance of a mixed state. Exclusively via the entanglement spectrum it determines how close a free-fermion state lies and what the emergent free quasiparticles are. We apply these two measures to diagnose the properties of a variety of free and interacting fermionic topological systems and reinterpret their properties from a fresh point of view. Our case studies revolve around Kitaev's honeycomb model, which supports both short-range and long-range topological order, constituting it thus relevant to both the monogamy qualifier and the interaction distance. The possibility to diagnose whether a model has zero interacting distance or if it supports maximally entangled states provides central and compact information about the behaviour of complex quantum systems.
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Maffei, Maria. "Simulation and bulk detection of topological phases of matter." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665708.
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Differently from the majority of the other phases of matter, which are characterized by local order parameters, the topological phases are characterized by integer or semi-integer numbers, the topological invariants, which are depending on global properties and robust against impurities
or deformations. In the last decade, the study of the topological phases of matter has been developing parallel to the field of quantum simulation. Quantum simulators are fully controllable experimental platforms simulating the dynamics of systems of interest by the use of the mapping between the two Hamiltonians. These simulators represent a key resource in the study of topological phases of matter because their observation in natural systems is usually highly problematic and sometimes impossible.
Quantum simulators are commonly realized with cold atoms in optical lattices or with photonic systems. The unitary and time-periodic protocols, known as quantum walks, are a versatile class of photonic quantum simulators. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to design feasible protocols
to simulate and characterize topological non-interacting crystalline Hamiltonians in 1 and 2 dimensions. Moreover, this thesis contains the description of the experiments that have been completed using the theoretical proposals. In details: i) We demonstrate that the topological invariant associated to chiral symmetric 1D Hamiltonians becomes apparent through the long time limit of a bulk observable, the mean chiral displacement (MCD). This detection method converges rapidly and requires no additional elements (i.e. external fields) or filled bands. The MCD has been used to characterize the topology of a chiral-symmetric 1D photonic quantum walk and to detect a signature of the so-called topological Anderson insulating phase in a disordered chiral symmetric wire simulated with ultracold atoms. ii) We designed the protocol to measure the topological invariant that characterizes a 2D photonic quantum walk simulating a Chern insulator.A diferencia de la mayoría de las otras fases de la materia, caracterizadas por un parámetro de orden local, las fases topológicas de la materia se definen por su invariante topológico que depende de las propiedades globales del sistema y es robusto frente a la presencia de impurezas y/o deformaciones. En la última década, el estudio de las fases topológicas de la materia se ha desarrollado en paralelo con el campo de la simulación cuántica. Un simulador cuántico es unas plataformas experimental altamente controlable cuyo objetivo es simular la dinámica de un sistema de interés, mediante la correspondencia entre los dos Hamiltonianos. Estos simuladores representan un recurso clave en el estudio de las fases topológicas dado que su observación en sistemas reales es en general muy problemática y en determinadas ocasiones hasta imposible. Normalmente, los simuladores cuánticos se crean mediante átomos fríos en redes ópticas o con sistemas fotónicos. Los paseos cuánticos (quantum walks), un proceso unitario y temporalmente periódico, representan una de las clases mas versátiles de simuladores cuánticos. El propósito de esta tesis de doctorado es el diseño de protocolos para la simulación y la caracterización de Hamiltonianos topológicos no interactivos de estructuras cristalinas, tanto en una como en dos dimensiones. Además, en esta tesis se expone la descripción de experimentos llevados a cabo a partir del modelo teórico propuesto. En detalle: Demostramos que el invariante topologico asociado a la simetría quiral en una dimensión se hace aparente a partir del limite a tiempos largos de un observable del volumen (bulk), el desplazamiento quiral medio (MCD, por sus siglas en inglés). Este método de detección converge de manera rápida y no necesita de elementos adicionales (es decir, de campos externos) o bandas pobladas. El MCD ha sido utilizado para caracterizar la topología de un paseo cuántico en una dimensión con simetria quiral y para detectar la fase topológica aislante de Anderson en hilos quirales con desorden, simulados con átomos ultra fríos. Hemos diseñado un protocolo para medir el invariante topológico que caracteriza un paseo cuántico en dos dimensiones simulando un aislante de Chern.
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Ericsson, Marie. "Geometric and Topological Phases with Applications to Quantum Computation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Quantum Chemistry, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2600.
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Quantum phenomena related to geometric and topological phases are investigated. The first results presented are theoretical extensions of these phases and related effects. Also experimental proposals to measure some of the described effects are outlined. Thereafter, applications of geometric and topological phases in quantum computation are discussed.
The notion of geometric phases is extended to cover mixed states undergoing unitary evolutions in interferometry. A comparison with a previously proposed definition of a mixed state geometric phase is made. In addition, an experimental test distinguishing these two phase concepts is proposed. Furthermore, an interferometry based geometric phase is introduced for systems undergoing evolutions described by completely positive maps.
The dynamics of an Aharonov-Bohm system is investigated within the adiabatic approximation. It is shown that the time-reversal symmetry for a semi-fluxon, a particle with an associated magnetic flux which carries half a flux unit, is unexpectedly broken due to the Aharonov-Casher modification in the adiabatic approximation.
The Aharonov-Casher Hamiltonian is used to determine the energy quantisation of neutral magnetic dipoles in electric fields. It is shown that for specific electric field configurations, one may acquire energy quantisation similar to the Landau effect for a charged particle in a homogeneous magnetic field.
We furthermore show how the geometric phase can be used to implement fault tolerant quantum computations. Such computations are robust to area preserving perturbations from the environment. Topological fault-tolerant quantum computations based on the Aharonov-Casher set up are also investigated.
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Kerr, Steven. "Topological quantum field theory and quantum gravity." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14094/.
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This thesis is broadly split into two parts. In the first part, simple state sum models for minimally coupled fermion and scalar fields are constructed on a 1-manifold. The models are independent of the triangulation and give the same result as the continuum partition functions evaluated using zeta-function regularisation. Some implications for more physical models are discussed. In the second part, the gauge gravity action is written using a particularly simple matrix technique. The coupling to scalar, fermion and Yang-Mills fields is reviewed, with some small additions. A sum over histories quantisation of the gauge gravity theory in 2+1 dimensions is then carried out for a particular class of triangulations of the three-sphere. The preliminary stage of the Hamiltonian analysis for the (3+1)-dimensional gauge gravity theory is undertaken.
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Higginbotham, Andrew Patrick. "Quantum Dots for Conventional and Topological Qubits." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845477.
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This thesis presents a series of quantum dot studies, performed with an eye towards improved conventional and topological qubits. Chapters 1-3 focus on improved conventional (spin) qubits; Chapters 4-6 focus on the topological Majorana qubits.
Chapter 1 presents the first investigation of Coulomb peak height distributions in a spin-orbit coupled quantum dot, realized in a Ge/Si nanowire. Strong spin-orbit coupling in this hole-gas system leads to antilocalization of Coulomb blockade peaks, consistent with theory. In particular, the peak height distribution has its maximum away from zero at zero magnetic field, with an average that decreases with increasing field. Magnetoconductance in the open-wire regime places a bound on the spin-orbit length (lso < 20 nm), consistent with values extracted in the Coulomb blockade regime (lso < 25 nm).
Chapters 2 & 3 demonstrate operation of improved spin qubits. Chapter 2 continues the investigation of Ge/Si nanowires, demonstrating a qubit with tenfold-improved dephasing time compared to the standard GaAs case. e combination of long dephasing time and strong spin-orbit coupling suggests that Ge/Si nanowires are promising for a spin-orbit qubit. In Chap. 3, multi-electron spin qubits are operated in GaAs, and improved resilience to charge noise is found compared to the single-electron case.
Chapters 4 & 5, present a series of studies on composite superconductor/semiconductor Al/InAs quantum dots. Detailed study of transport cycles and Coulomb blockade peak spacings in zero magnetic field are presented in Chap. 4, and the parity lifetime of a bound state in the nanowire is inferred to exceed 10 milliseconds. Next, in Chap. 5, finite magnetic field behavior is investigated while varying quantum dot length. Coulomb peak spacings are consistent with the emergence of Majorana modes in the quantum dot. The robustness of Majorana modes to magnetic-field perturbations is measured, and is found to be exponential with increasing nanowire length. Coulomb peak heights are also investigated, and show signatures of electron teleportation by Majorana fermions.
Finally, Chap. 6 outlines some schemes to create topological Majorana qubits. Using experimental techniques similar to those in Chap.’s 2 & 3, it may be possible to demonstrate Majorana initialization, readout, and fusion rules.Physics
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de, Lisle James. "The characterisation and manipulation of novel topological phases of matter." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13809/.
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This thesis contains work in three areas. The works are presented chronologically starting with my work on the decomposition and measurement of Chern numbers in four component topological insulators and superconductors. This is followed by the work done in the discovery and analysis of four new models of topological superconductivity in three spatial dimensions. Lastly, I present the work done on dimensional reduction through localisation of Majorana modes at the boundary of topological superconductors in three spatial dimensions. Each work is presented in a separate chapter.
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Johansson, Markus. "Entanglement and Quantum Computation from a Geometric and Topological Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk kemi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173120.
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In this thesis we investigate geometric and topological structures in the context of entanglement and quantum computation. A parallel transport condition is introduced in the context of Franson interferometry based on the maximization of two-particle coincidence intensity. The dependence on correlations is investigated and it is found that the holonomy group is in general non-Abelian, but Abelian for uncorrelated systems. It is found that this framework contains a parallel transport condition developed by Levay in the case of two-qubit systems undergoing local SU(2) evolutions. Global phase factors of topological origin, resulting from cyclic local SU(2) evolution, called topological phases, are investigated in the context of multi-qubit systems. These phases originate from the topological structure of the local SU(2)-orbits and are an attribute of most entangled multi-qubit systems. The relation between topological phases and SLOCC-invariant polynomials is discussed. A general method to find the values of the topological phases in an n-qubit system is described. A non-adiabatic generalization of holonomic quantum computation is developed in which high-speed universal quantum gates can be realized by using non-Abelian geometric phases. It is shown how a set of non-adiabatic holonomic one- and two-qubit gates can be implemented by utilizing transitions in a generic three-level Λ configuration. The robustness of the proposed scheme to different sources of error is investigated through numerical simulation. It is found that the gates can be made robust to a variety of errors if the operation time of the gate can be made sufficiently short. This scheme opens up for universal holonomic quantum computation on qubits characterized by short coherence times.
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Levin, Michael Aaron Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "String-net condensation and topological phases in quantum spin systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36810.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86).
For many years, it was thought that Landau's theory of symmetry breaking could describe essentially all phases and phase transitions. However, in the last twenty years, it has become clear that at zero temperature, quantum mechanics allows for the possibility of new phases of matter beyond the Landau paradigm. In this thesis, we develop a general theoretical framework for these "exotic phases" analogous to Landau's framework for symmetry breaking phases. We focus on a particular type of exotic phase, known as "topological phases", and a particular physical realization of topological phases - namely frustrated quantum magnets. Our approach is based on a new physical picture for topological phases. We argue that, just as symmetry breaking phases originate from the condensation of particles, topological phases originate from the condensation of extended objects called "string-nets." Using this picture we show that, just as symmetry breaking phases can be classified using symmetry groups, topological phases can be classified using objects known as "tensor categories."
(cont.) In addition, just as symmetry breaking order manifests itself in local correlations in a ground state wave function, topological order manifests itself in nonlocal correlations or quantum entanglement. We introduce a new quantity - called "topological entropy" - which measures precisely this nonlocal entanglement. Many of our results are applicable to other (non-topological) exotic phases.
by Michael Aaron Levin.
Ph.D.
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Andersson, Jonatan. "A lattice model for topological phases." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28281.
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Matter exists in many different phases, for example in solid state or in liquid phase. There are also phases in which the ordering of atoms is the same, but which differ in some other respect, for example ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states. According to Landau's symmetry breaking theory every phase transition is connected to a symmetry breaking process. A solid material has discrete translational symmetry, while liquid phase has continuous translational symmetry. But it has turned out that there also exist phase transitions that can occur without a symmetry breaking. This phenomenon is called topological order. In this thesis we consider one example of a theoretical model constructed on a two dimensional lattice in which one obtains topological order.
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Rosenberg, Peter. "Exotic Phases in Attractive Fermions: Charge Order, Pairing, and Topological Signatures." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153985.
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Strongly interacting many-body systems remain a central challenge of modern physics. Recent developments in the field of ultra-cold atomic physics have opened a new window onto this enduring problem. Experimental progress has revolutionized the approach to studying many-body systems and the exotic behaviors that emerge in these systems. It is now possible to engineer and directly measure a variety of models that can capture the essential features of real materials without the added complexity of disorder, impurities, or complicated or irregular geometries. The parameters of these models can be freely tuned with tremendous precision. These experimental realizations are an ideal setting in which to test and calibrate computational many-body methods that can provide insight and quantitative understanding to many of the open questions in condensed matter and many-body physics. in this thesis we study several models of strongly interacting many-fermion systems using cutting-edge numerical techniques including Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) mean-field theory and auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC). We explore the exotic phases and behaviors that emerge in these systems, beginning with finite-momentum pairing states in attractive spin-polarized fermions. We next demonstrate the unique capability of AFQMC to treat systems with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We obtain high-precision, and in many cases numerically exact, results on SOC systems that can eventually be compared directly to experiment. The first system we highlight is the attractive Fermi gas with Rashba SOC, which displays unconventional pairing, charge, and spin properties. We then study the coexistence of charge and superfluid order, as well as topological signatures, in attractive lattice fermions with Rashba SOC. Our results provide a new, high-accuracy understanding of a strongly interacting many-body system and its exotic behaviors. These techniques can serve as a general framework for the treatment of strong interactions and SOC in many-body systems, and provide a foundation for future work on exotic phases in models and real materials.
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Li, Cheng. "Engineering High Dimensional Topological Matters in Quantum Gases." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1585827770946136.
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Pretko, Michael. "Subdimensional particles and higher rank quantum phases of matter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112071.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-143).
Many quantum phases of matter, such as quantum spin liquids and fractional quantum hall systems, are well-described in the language of gauge theory. Until recently, most theoretical attention has been focused on systems described by familiar vector gauge theories. In this thesis, we will explore the properties of quantum phases described by higher rank tensor gauge theories. In particular, symmetric tensor gauge theories describe stable phases of matter in three dimensions. We will demonstrate that these theories lead to an exotic new class of particles which are restricted to move only in lower-dimensional subspaces, instead of being able to freely propagate in three dimensions. We call these excitations "subdimensional particles." As a special case, some models feature 0-dimensional particles, or "fractons," which are totally immobile. Subdimensional particles couple naturally to tensor electric and magnetic fields, in a form of generalized electromagnetism. We will establish the basic theoretical principles of this new tensor electromagnetism, including its Maxwell equations, force laws, and electrostatic properties. Finally, as a special case of the higher rank formalism, we will study a rank 2 phase featuring a gravity-like low-energy theory. We will show how to reconcile the restricted mobility of tensor gauge theories with the expected properties of a gravitational theory. Our toy models will thereby offer clues which may be useful for understanding more realistic gravitational theories.
by Michael Pretko.
Ph. D.
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Lang, Nicolai [Verfasser]. "One-Dimensional Topological States of Synthetic Quantum Matter / Nicolai Lang." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196415862/34.
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Janot, Alexander. "Quantum Condensates and Topological Bosons in Coupled Light-Matter Excitations." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-199239.
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Motivated by the sustained interest in Bose Einstein condensates and the recent progress in the understanding of topological phases in condensed matter systems, we study quantum condensates and possible topological phases of bosons in coupled light-matter excitations, so-called polaritons. These bosonic quasi-particles emerge if electronic excitations (excitons) couple strongly to photons.
In the first part of this thesis a polariton Bose Einstein condensate in the presence of disorder is investigated. In contrast to the constituents of a conventional condensate, such as cold atoms, polaritons have a finite life time. Then, the losses have to be compensated by continued pumping, and a non-thermal steady state can build up. We discuss how static disorder affects this non-equilibrium condensate, and analyze the stability of the superfluid state against disorder. We find that disorder destroys the quasi-long range order of the condensate wave function, and that the polariton condensate is not a superfluid in the thermodynamic limit, even for weak disorder, although superfluid behavior would persist in small systems. Furthermore, we analyze the far field emission pattern of a polariton condensate in a disorder environment in order to compare directly with experiments.
In the second part of this thesis features of polaritons in a two-dimensional quantum spin Hall cavity with time reversal symmetry are discussed. We propose a topological invariant which has a nontrivial value if the quantum spin Hall insulator is topologically nontrivial. Furthermore, we analyze emerging polaritonic edge states, discuss their relation to the underlying electronic structure, and develop an effective edge state model for polaritons.
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Potter, Andrew C. (Andrew Cole). "Understanding, constructing, and probing highly-entangled phases of quantum matter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84392.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 191-206).
In this thesis, I explore three classes of quantum phases of matter that cannot be understood purely on the basis of symmetry, and can be regarded (to varying degrees) as having highly-entangled ground-states. The first Part describes topological superconductors with non-Abelian defects, and develops realistic routes to constructing these exotic superconductors from more elementary materials. Particular attention is payed to practical issues such as disorder. The second Part examines the role of interactions in electron topological insulators (TIs). Non-perturbative definitions of the familiar topological band-insulator are given, and new strongly-correlated TIs with no band-structure analogs are identified. The last Part turns exotic gapless phases without quasi-particle excitations, focusing on topics related to recently discovered quantum spin-liquid (QSL) materials. The possibility of a gapless QSL in the vicinity of the metal-insulator transition in doped semiconductors is explored, and optical conductivity is developed as an experimental tool to examine the nature of the QSL candidate Herbertsmithite. The material of this thesis is closely parallels that of Refs [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,8, 9,10, 11].
by Andrew C. Potter.
Ph.D.
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Schönherr, Piet. "Growth and characterisation of quantum materials nanostructures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7dca792e-4236-4d19-aa59-7c9c3cb5d0e4.
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The three key areas of this thesis are crystal synthesis strategies, growth mechanisms, and new types of quantum materials nanowires. The highlights are introduction of a new catalyst (TiO2) for nanowire growth and application to Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, SnO2, and Ge nanowires; demonstration of step-flow growth, a new growth mechanism, for Bi2Te3 sub-micron belts; and the characterisation of the first quasi-one dimensional topological insulator (orthorhombic Sb-doped Bi2Se3) and topological Dirac semimetal nanowires (Cd3As2). Research into new materials has been one of the driving forces that have contributed to the progress of civilisation from the Bronze Age four thousand years ago to the age of the semiconductor in the 20th century. At the turn to the 21st century novel materials, so-called quantum materials, started to emerge. The fundamental theories for the description of their properties were established at the beginning of the 20th century but expanded significantly during the last three decades based, for example, on a new interpretation of electronic states by topological invariants. Hence, topological insulator (TI) materials such as mercury-telluride are one manifestation of a quantum material. In theory, TIs are characterised by an insulating interior and a surface with spin-momentum locked conduction. In real crystals, however, the bulk can be conducting due to crystal imperfections. Nanowires suppress this bulk contribution inherently by their high surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, trace impurity elements can be inserted into the crystal to decrease the conductance further. These optimised TI nanowires could provide building blocks for future electronic nanodevices such as transistors and sensors. Initial synthesis efforts using vapour transport techniques and electronic transport studies showed that TI nanowires hold the promise of reduced bulk contribution. This thesis expands the current knowledge on synthesis strategies, crystal growth mechanisms, and new types of quantum materials nanowires. Traditionally, gold catalyst nanoparticles were used to grow TI nanowires. We demonstrate that they are suitable to produce large amounts of nanowires but have undesired side-effects. If a metaloxide catalyst nanoparticle is used instead, quality and even quantity are significantly improved. This synthesis strategy was used to produce a new TI which is built from chains of atoms and not from atomic layers as in case of previously known TIs. The growth of large nanowires with a layered crystal structure leads to step-flowgrowth, an intriguing phenomenon in the growth mechanism: New layers grow on top of previous layers with a single growth frontmoving fromthe root to the tip. These wires are ideal for further electronic characterisation that requires large samples. The nanowire growth of tin-oxide will also be discussed, a side project that arose from my growth studies, which is useful for sensor applications. Under certain conditions it forms tree-like structures in a single synthesis step. All of the aforementioned growth studies are carried out at atmospheric pressure. A separate growth study is carried out in ultra-high vacuum to assess the transferability of the growth process towards the cleanliness requirements of the semiconductor industry. If two quantum materials are joined together, exotic physics may emerge at the interface. One of the goals of TI research is the experimental observation of Majorana fermions, exotic particles which are their ownantiparticles with potential applications in quantum computing that may appear in superconductor/TI hybrid structures. We have synthesised such structures and initial characterisation suggests that the resistivity increases when they are cooled below the critical temperature of the superconductor. Beyond TIs, a new type of quantum material, called a topological Dirac semimetal, opens new realms of exotic physics to be discovered. Nanowires are grownfroma material which has recently been discovered to be a topological Dirac semimetal. Their growth mechanism is characterised and an extremely high electron mobility at room temperature is measured. The contribution of this thesis to the field is summarised in Fig. 1. Its core is the study of the growth mechanism of quantum materials which will be vital for future development of applications and fundamental research.
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Vijay, Ksheerasagar. "Aspects of highly-entangled quantum matter : from exotic phases, to quantum computation, and dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119114.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-321).
We explore three incarnations of highly-entangled quantum matter: as descriptions of exotic, gapped phases in three spatial dimensions, as resources for fault-tolerant quantum computation, and as the by-product of the unitary evolution of a quantum state, on its approach to equilibrium. In Part 1, we study quantum information processing in platforms hosting Majorana zero modes. We demonstrate that certain highly-entangled states may be engineered in arrays of mesoscopic topological superconducting islands, and used for fault-tolerant quantum computation. We then discuss measurement-based protocols for braiding Majorana zero modes and detecting their non-Abelian statistics in on-going experiments on proximitized, semiconductor nanowires, before proposing new families of error-correcting codes for fermionic qubits, along with concrete realizations. In Part 11, we study gapped, three-dimensional phases of matter with sub-extensive topological degeneracy, and immobile point-like excitations - termed "fractons" - which cannot be moved without nucleating other excitations. We find two broad classes of fracton phases in which (i) composites of fractons form topological excitations with reduced mobility, or (ii) all topological excitations are strictly immobile. We demonstrate a duality between these phases and interacting systems with global symmetries along sub-systems, and use this to find new fracton phases, one of which may also be obtained by coupling an isotropic array of two-dimensional states with Z₂ topological order. We introduce a solvable model in which the fracton excitations are shown to carry a protected internal degeneracy, which provides a generalization of non-Abelian anyons in three spatial dimensions. In Part III, we investigate the dynamics of operator spreading and entanglement growth in quantum circuits composed of random, local unitary operators. We relate quantities averaged over realizations of the circuit, such as the purity of a sub-system and the out-of-time-ordered commutator of spatially-separated operators, to a fictitious, classical Markov process, which yields exact results for the evolution of these quantities in various spatial dimensions. Operator spreading is ballistic, with a front that broadens as a dimension-dependent power-law in time. In this setting, we also map the dynamics of entanglement growth in one dimension to the stochastic growth of an interface and to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, which leads to a description of entanglement dynamics in terms of an evolving "minimal cut" through the quantum circuit, and provides heuristics for entanglement growth in higher-dimensions. The material presented here is based on Ref. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Ref. [11, 12] are not discussed in this thesis, but were completed during my time at MIT.
by Ksheerasagar Vijay.
Ph. D.
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Andrews, Bartholomew. "Stability of topological states and crystalline solids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288876.
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From the alignment of magnets to the melting of ice, the transition between different phases of matter underpins our exploitation of materials. Both a quantum and a classical phase can undergo an instability into another state. In this thesis, we study the stability of matter in both contexts: topological states and crystalline solids. We start with the stability of fractional quantum Hall states on a lattice, known as fractional Chern insulators. We investigate, using exact diagonalization, fractional Chern insulators in higher Chern bands of the Harper-Hofstadter model, and examine the robustness of their many-body energy gap in the effective continuum limit. We report evidence of stable states in this regime; comment on two cases associated with a bosonic integer quantum Hall effect; and find a modulation of the correlation function in higher Chern bands. We next examine the stability of molecules using variational and diffusion Monte Carlo. By incorporating the matrix of force constants directly into the algorithms, we find that we are able to improve the efficiency and accuracy of atomic relaxation and eigenfrequency calculation. We test the performance on a diverse selection of case studies, with varying symmetries and mass distributions, and show that the proposed formalism outperforms existing restricted Hartree-Fock and density functional theory methods. Finally, we analyze the stability of three-dimensional crystals. We note that for repulsive Coulomb crystals of point nuclei, cubic systems have a zero matrix of force constants at second order. We investigate this by constructing an analytical model in the tight-binding approximation, and present a phase diagram of the most stable crystal structures, as we tune core and valence orbital radii. We reconcile our results with calculations in the nearly free electron regime, as well as current research in condensed matter and plasma physics.
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Rui, Wenbin [Verfasser], and Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Metzner. "From Hermitian to non-Hermitian topological phases of matter / Wenbin Rui ; Betreuer: Walter Metzner." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193492106/34.
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González, Cuadra Daniel. "A cold-atom approach to topological quantum matter across the energy scale." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670622.
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The outstanding progress achieved in the last decades to isolate and manipulate individual quantum systems has revolutionized the way in which quantum many-body phenomena, appearing across Nature's different energy scales, can be investigated. By employing atomic systems such as ultracold atoms in optical lattices, an enormous range of paradigmatic models from condensed-matter and high-energy physics are being currently studied using table-top experiments, turning Feynman's idea of a quantum simulator into a reality.Quantum simulators offer the possibility to gather information about complex quantum systems, which are either not accessible to experiments or whose properties can not be easily derived using standard analytical or numerical approaches. These synthetic quantum systems can be designed precisely such that they are described under the same models as natural systems, and their remarkable control allows to probe the relevant phenomena associated to them. Apart from their quantum simulation capabilities, atomic systems can also be employed to generate quantum matter with novel properties beyond those found in Nature, offering interesting prospects for quantum technological applications. In this thesis, we investigate the possibilities that cold-atom systems present to address, in particular, quantum matter with non-trivial topological properties. Using mixtures of ultracold atoms, we analyze various quantum simulation strategies to access several many-body phenomena for which a satisfactory understanding is still lacking. Moreover, we show how such platforms display strongly-correlated topological effects beyond those found in natural systems. We first focus on models inspired by condensed-matter physics. More precisely, we propose how lattices dynamics, similar to those described by phonons in solid crystals, can be implemented in an otherwise static optical lattice. By coupling the former to quantum matter using a mixture of bosonic atoms, we reproduce typical effects described by electronic systems, such as topological defects or charge fractionalization. We then extend these results and find novel features, from boson fractionalization to intertwined topological phases.We then consider the quantum simulation of high-energy-physics problems. By using Bose-Fermi mixtures, we show how non-perturbative phenomena characteristic of non-abelian gauge theories, such as quark confinement, emerge in simpler models that are within the reach of current technology. Finally, we investigate how the interplay between gauge invariance and strong correlations gives rise to various mechanisms to prepare robust topological order in near-term quantum simulators.In summary, our results show several connections between different areas of theoretical and experimental physics, and indicate how these can be harnessed further to advance our understanding of strongly-correlated quantum matter, as well as to utilize the latter for new technological applications.El enorme progreso llevado a cabo en las últimas decadas para aislar y manipular sistemas cuánticos individuales ha revolucionado la manera de investigar fenómenos cuánticos de muchos cuerpos, los cuales se presentan a diferentes escalas energéticas en la naturaleza. Actualmente, una gran variedad de modelos paradigmáticos en física de la materia condensada y de altas energías se estudian experimentalmente utilizando sistemas atómicos tales como átomos ultrafríos en retículos ópticos, llevando a la realidad la idea de simulador cuántico de Feynman. Los simuladores cuánticos ofrecen la posibilidad de obtener información sobre otros sistemas cuánticos más complejos que, o bien no son accesibles experimentalmente, o cuyas propiedades no se pueden predecir fácilmente utilizando técnicas analíticas o numéricas usuales. Estos sistemas cuánticos sintéticos se pueden diseñar de tal manera que se encuentren descritos precisamente por los mismos modelos que los anteriores y, gracias a su notable control, permiten investigar los fenómenos más relevantes asociados a ellos. Aparte de su uso como simuladores cuánticos, estos sistemas atómicos se pueden utilizar para crear nuevos tipos de materia cuántica cuyas propiedades pueden ser diferentes de aquellas encontradas en la naturaleza, ofreciendo así aplicaciones interesantes en tecnología cuántica. En esta tesis investigamos las posibilidades que los sistemas de átomos fríos ofrecen para obtener materia cuántica con propiedades topológicas no triviales. Analizamos, en particular, diferentes estrategias de simulación cuántica para acceder a varios fenómenos de muchos cuerpos que aún no se entienden de forma satisfactoria, utilizando para ello mezclas de átomos ultrafríos. Mostramos además como estas plataformas pueden dar lugar a efectos topológicos fuertemente correlacionados que van más allá de los encontrados hasta ahora en sistemas naturales. Primero nos enfocamos en modelos inspirados por sistemas de materia condensada. En particular, proponemos como implementar retículos dinámicos, los cuales suelen ser estáticos en sitemas ópticos, de manera que podamos simular las partículas fonónicas que aparecen en sólidos cristalinos. Acoplamos estos últimos a materia cuántica utilizando una mezcla de átomos bosónicos, lo cual nos permite reproducir algunos de los efectos típicos que aparecen en sitemas electrónicos, tales como defectos topológicos o fraccionalización de la carga. Por último, extendemos estos resultados encontrando rasgos nuevos, desde la fraccionalización de bosones hasta fases topológicas entrelazadas. Consideramos además simulaciones cuánticas para problemas en física de altas energías. Utilizando mezclas de átomos bosónicos y fermiónicos, mostramos como algunos fenómenos no perturbativos característicos de teorías gauge no abelianas, tales como el confinamiento de quarks, pueden aparecer en modelos más sencillos, los cuales están al alcance de la tecnología actual. Finalmente, investigamos como la interacción entre simetría gauge y correlaciones fuertes puede dar lugar a nuevos mecanismos para genera orden topológico más robusto en simuladores cuánticos a corto plazo. En resumen, nuestros resultados muestras varias conexiones entre diferentes areas de la física teórica y experimental, e indican como estas pueden ser exploradas para avanzar en el conocmiento de la materia cuántica fuertemente correlacionada, así como en las posibles aplicaciones tecnológicas de esta última.
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Fidkowski, Lukasz. "Singularity resolution in string theory and new quantum condensed matter phases /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Ronquillo, David C. "Identifying topological order in the Shastry-Sutherland model via entanglement entropy." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596474.
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It is known that for a topologically ordered state the area law for the entanglement entropy shows a negative universal additive constant contribution, –γ, called the topological entanglement entropy. We theoretically study the entanglement entropy of the two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland quantum antiferromagnet using exact diagonalization on clusters of 16 and 24 spins. By utilizing the Kitaev-Preskill construction, we extract a finite topological term, –γ , in the region of bond-strength parameter space corresponding to high geometrical frustration. Thus, we provide strong evidence for the existence of an exotic topologically ordered state and shed light on the nature of this model's strongly frustrated, and long controversial, intermediate phase.
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Tucker, Adam Philip. "Local moment phases in quantum impurity problems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:538d2d83-963e-4a51-81cd-4235e9761da4.
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This thesis considers quantum impurity models that exhibit a quantum phase transition (QPT) between a Fermi liquid strong coupling (SC) phase, and a doubly-degenerate non-Fermi liquid local moment (LM) phase. We focus on what can be said from exact analytic arguments about the LM phase of these models, where the system is characterized by an SU(2) spin degree of freedom in the entire system. Conventional perturbation theory about the non-interacting limit does not hold in the non-Fermi liquid LM phase. We circumvent this problem by reformulating the perturbation theory using a so-called `two self-energy' (TSE) description, where the two self-energies may be expressed as functional derivatives of the Luttinger-Ward functional. One particular paradigmatic model that possesses a QPT between SC and LM phases is the pseudogap Anderson impurity model (PAIM). We use infinite-order perturbation theory in the interaction, U, to self-consistently deduce the exact low-energy forms of both the self-energies and propagators in each of the distinct phases of the model. We analyse the behaviour of the model approaching the QPT from each phase, focusing on the scaling of the zero-field single-particle dynamics using both analytical arguments and detailed numerical renormalization group (NRG) calculations. We also apply two `conserving' approximations to the PAIM. First, second-order self-consistent perturbation theory and second, the fluctuation exchange approximation (FLEX). Within the FLEX approximation we develop a numerical algorithm capable of self-consistently and coherently describing the QPT coming from both distinct phases. Finally, we consider a range of static spin susceptibilities that each probe the underlying QPT in response to coupling to a magnetic field.
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Mitchell, Andrew Keith. "Two-channel Kondo phases in coupled quantum dots." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3d4e9d86-794c-441c-9d4b-20e6f1bd1de1.
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We investigate systems comprising chains and rings of quantum dots, coupled to two metallic leads. Such systems allow to study the competition between orbital and spin degrees of freedom in a nanodevice, and the effect this subtle interplay has on two-channel Kondo (2CK) physics. We demonstrate that a rich range of strongly correlated electron behaviour results, with non-Fermi liquid 2CK phases and non-trivial phase transitions accessible. We employ physical arguments and the numerical renormalization group (NRG) technique to analyse these systems in detail, examining in particular both thermodynamic and dynamical properties. When leads are coupled to either end of a chain of dots, we show that the resulting behaviour on low temperature/energy scales can be understood in terms of simpler paradigmatic quantum `impurity' models. An effective low-energy single-spin 2CK model is derived for all odd-length chains, while the behaviour of even-length chains is related fundamentally to that of the classic `two-impurity Kondo' model. In particular, for small interdot coupling, we show that an effective coupling mediated though incipient single-channel Kondo states drives all odd chains to the 2CK fixed point (FP) on the lowest temperature/energy scales. A theory is also developed to describe a phase transition in even chains. We derive an effective channel-anisotropic 2CK model, which indicates that the critical FP of such models must be the 2CK FP. This physical picture is confirmed using NRG for various chain systems. We also examine the effect of local frustration on 2CK physics in mirror-symmetric ring systems. The importance of geometry and symmetry is demonstrated clearly in the markedly different physical behaviour that arises in systems where two leads are either connected to the same dot, or to neighbouring dots. In the latter case, we show for all odd-membered rings that two distinct 2CK phases, with different ground state parities, arise on tuning the interdot couplings. A frustration-induced phase transition thus occurs, the 2CK phases being separated by a novel critical point for which an effective low-energy model is derived. Precisely at the transition, parity mixing of the quasidegenerate local trimer states acts to destabilise the 2CK FPs, and the critical FP is shown to consist of a free pseudospin together with effective single-channel spin quenching. While connecting both leads to the same dot again results in two parity-distinct phases, a simple level-crossing transition now results due to the symmetry of the setup. The proposed geometry also allows access to a novel ferromagnetically-coupled two-channel local moment phase. Driven by varying the interdot couplings and occurring at the point of inherent magnetic frustration, such transitions in ring structures provide a striking example of the subtle interplay between internal spin and orbital degrees of freedom in coupled quantum dot systems, and the resulting effect on Kondo physics.
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Nevado, Serrano Pedro. "Strongly-correlated phases in trapped-ion quantum simulators." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68380/.
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We study quantum (T = 0) phases of strongly-correlated matter, and their possible implementation in a quantum simulator. We focus on the non-perturbative regimes of 1D spin-boson models. As a reference physical system we consider trapped-ion chains. We realize complex many-body states, such as a ground state exhibiting magnetic frustration, a lattice gauge theory, and a topological insulator. The exquisite control over these phases offered by a quantum simulator opens up exciting possibilities for exploring the exotic phenomena emerging in these systems, such as enhanced fluctuations and correlations. We address the non-perturbative regimes of the phase diagrams by means of mean-field theories and the numerical algorithm DMRG. We have established the universality class of the continuous transition in the spin-boson chain, the existence of a first order phase transition when the system is endowed with a gauge symmetry, and the possibility of probing topological states of matter in these systems. Our results show that some of the most exotic phases of quantum matter can be readily realized in trapped-ion quantum simulators. This offers the possibility of exploring these physical models beyond their original realm of applicability, which may provide us with new insights on both theoretical and applied fields of physics, ranging from high-energy processes to low-energy cooperative phenomena.
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Halász, Gábor B. "Doping a topological quantum spin liquid : slow holes in the Kitaev honeycomb model." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:928ba58d-c69c-4e85-8d49-677d7e9c0fdc.
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We present a controlled microscopic study of hole dynamics in both a gapped and a gapless quantum spin liquid. Our approach is complementary to previous phenomenological works on lightly doped quantum spin liquids as we introduce mobile holes into the ground state of the exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb model. In the spatially anisotropic (Abelian) gapped phase of the model, we address the properties of a single hole [its internal degrees of freedom as well as its hopping properties], a pair of holes [their absolute and relative particle statistics as well as their interactions], and the collective state for a finite density of holes. Our main result is that the holes in the doped model possess internal degrees of freedom as they can bind the fractional excitations of the undoped model and that the resulting composite holes with different excitations bound are distinct fractional particles with fundamentally different single-particle properties and different experimental signatures in the multi-particle ground state at finite doping. For example, some hole types are free to hop in two dimensions, while others are confined to hop in one dimension only. Also, distinct hole types have different particle statistics and, in particular, some of them exhibit non-trivial (anyonic) relative statistics. At finite doping, the respective hopping dimensionalities manifest themselves in an electrical conductivity that is either approximately isotropic or extremely anisotropic. In the gapless phase of the model, we consider a single hole and address the possibility of a coherent quasiparticle description. Our main result is that a mobile hole has a finite quasiparticle weight which vanishes in the stationary limit. Although this result is obtained in terms of an approximate variational state, we argue that it is also applicable for the exact ground state of the doped model.
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Franchetti, Guido. "Pattern-forming in non-equilibrium quantum systems and geometrical models of matter." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245145.
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This thesis is divided in two parts. The first one is devoted to the dynamics of polariton condensates, with particular attention to their pattern-forming capabilities. In many configurations of physical interest, the dynamics of polariton condensates can be modelled by means of a non-linear PDE which is strictly related to the Gross-Pitaevskii and the complex Ginzburg-Landau equations. Numerical simulations of this equation are used to investigate the robustness of the rotating vortex lattice which is predicted to spontaneously form in a non-equilibrium trapped condensate. An idea for a polariton-based gyroscope is then presented. The device relies on peculiar properties of non-equilibrium condensates - the possibility of controlling the vortex emission mechanism and the use of pumping strength as a control parameter - and improves on existing proposals for superfluid-based gyroscopes. Finally, the important rôle played by quantum pressure in the recently observed transition from a phase-locked but freely flowing condensate to a spatially trapped one is discussed. The second part of this thesis presents work done in the context of the geometrical models of matter framework, which aims to describe particles in terms of 4-dimensional manifolds. Conserved quantum numbers of particles are encoded in the topology of the manifold, while dynamical quantities are to be described in terms of its geometry. Two infinite families of manifolds, namely ALF gravitational instantons of types A_k and D_k, are investigated as possible models for multi-particle systems. On the basis of their topological and geometrical properties it is concluded that A_k can model a system of k+1 electrons, and D_k a system of a proton and k-1 electrons. Energy functionals which successfully reproduce the Coulomb interaction energy, and in one case also the rest masses, of these particle systems are then constructed in terms of the area and Gaussian curvature of preferred representatives of middle dimension homology. Finally, an idea for constructing multi-particle models by gluing single-particle ones is discussed.
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Coak, Matthew. "Quantum tuning and emergent phases in charge and spin ordered materials." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280284.
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A major area of interest in condensed matter physics over the past decades has been the emergence of new states of matter from strongly correlated electron systems. A few limited examples would be the emergence of unconventional superconductivity in the high-T$_c$ superconductors and heavy-fermion systems, the appearance of the skyrmion magnetic vortex state in MnSi and magnetically mediated superconductivity in UGe$_2$. While detailed studies of many of the emergent phases have been made, there are still many gaps in understanding of the underlying states and mechanisms that allow them to form. This work aims to add to knowledge of the basic physics behind such states, and the changes within them as they are tuned to approach new phases. The cubic perovskite material SrTiO$_3$ has been studied for many decades and is well-documented to be an incipient ferroelectric, theorised to exist in the absence of any tuning in the proximity of a ferroelectric quantum critical point. This work presents the first high-precision dielectric measurements under hydrostatic pressure carried out on a quantum critical ferroelectric, leading to a full pressure-temperature phase diagram for SrTiO$_3$. The influence of quantum critical fluctuations is seen to diminish as the system is tuned away from the quantum critical point and a novel low temperature phase is shown to be emergent from it. The Néel Temperature of the two-dimensional antiferromagnet FePS$_3$ was found to increase linearly with applied hydrostatic pressure. Evidence of an insulator-metal transition is also presented, and an unexplained upturn in the resistivity at low temperatures in the metallic phase.
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Phuphachong, Thanyanan. "Magneto-spectroscopy of Dirac matter : graphene and topological insulators." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066170/document.
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Ce travail consiste en l'étude sous champ magnétique des propriétés électroniques des fermions de Dirac relativistes dans deux systèmes: graphène et isolants topologiques. Leur analogie avec la physique des hautes énergies et leurs applications potentielles ont suscité récemment de nombreux travaux. Les états électroniques sont donnés par un Hamiltonien de Dirac et la dispersion est analogue à celle des particules relativistes. La masse au repos est liée au gap du matériau avec une vitesse de Fermi remplaçant la vitesse de la lumière. Le graphène a été considéré comme un " système école " qui nous permet d'étudier le comportement relativiste des fermions de Dirac sans masse satisfaisant une dispersion linéaire. Quand un système de Dirac possède un gap non nul, nous avons des fermions de Dirac massifs. Les fermions de Dirac sans masse et massifs ont été étudiés dans le graphène épitaxié et les isolants topologiques cristallins Pb1-xSnxSe et Pb1-xSnxTe. Ces derniers systèmes sont une nouvelle classe de matériaux topologiques où les états de bulk sont isolants mais les états de surface sont conducteurs. Cet aspect particulier résulte de l'inversion des bandes de conduction et de valence du bulk ayant des parités différentes, conduisant à une transition de phase topologique. La magnéto-spectroscopie infrarouge est une technique idéale pour sonder ces matériaux de petit gap car elle fournit des informations quantitatives sur les paramètres du bulk via la quantification de Landau des états électroniques. En particulier, la transition de phase topologique est caractérisée par une mesure directe de l'indice topologiqueThis thesis reports on the study under magnetic field of the electronic properties of relativistic-like Dirac fermions in two Dirac systems: graphene and topological insulators. Their analogies with high-energy physics and their potential applications have attracted great attention for fundamental research in condensed matter physics. The carriers in these two materials obey a Dirac Hamiltonian and the energy dispersion is analogous to that of the relativistic particles. The particle rest mass is related to the band gap of the Dirac material, with the Fermi velocity replacing the speed of light. Graphene has been considered as a “role model”, among quantum solids, that allows us to study the relativistic behavior of massless Dirac fermions satisfying a linear dispersion. When a Dirac system possesses a nonzero gap, we have massive Dirac fermions. Massless and massive Dirac fermions were studied in high-mobility multilayer epitaxial graphene and in topological crystalline insulators Pb1-xSnxSe and Pb1-xSnxTe. The latter system is a new class of topological materials where the bulk states are insulating but the surface states are conducting. This particular aspect results from the inversion of the lowest conduction and highest valence bulk bands having different parities, leading to a topological phase transition. Infrared magneto-spectroscopy is an ideal technique to probe these zero-gap or narrow gap materials since it provides quantitative information about the bulk parameters via the Landau quantization of the electron states. In particular, the topological phase transition can be characterized by a direct measurement of the topological index
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Szewczyk, Adam. "Supercurrents in a Topological Josephson Junction with a Magnetic Quantum Dot." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79327.
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The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate theoretically the influence of a nanomagnet on the Josephson effect displayed by phase biased point contacts consisting of topological superconductors. The device is modeled using the nonequilibrium Keldysh Green’s function technique. First, the Gor’kov Green’s functions are calculated. From these Green’s functions, the quasi-classical ones, relevant for energies around the Fermi energy, are obtained. Transport properties such as charge currents are calculated and analyzed in terms of the junction’s density of states displaying Andreev and Majorana states. The combination of the nanomagnet coupling and the spin-momentum locking of the topological superconductors generates a magneto-electric effect causing the supercurrent to depend strongly on the nanomagnet’s direction.
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Stephen, David T. [Verfasser], Norbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Schuch, Norbert [Gutachter] Schuch, and Frank [Gutachter] Pollmann. "Topological phases of matter with subsystem symmetries / David T. Stephen ; Gutachter: Norbert Schuch, Frank Pollmann ; Betreuer: Norbert Schuch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20210728-1613670-1-4.
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Mazza, Leonardo Verfasser], J. I. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Cirac, and Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Zwerger. "Quantum Simulation of Topological States of Matter / Leonardo Mazza. Gutachter: Wilhelm Zwerger. Betreuer: Juan Ignacio Cirac." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030100055/34.
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Dos, Santos Luiz Henrique Bravo. "Topological Properties of Interacting Fermionic Systems." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10195.
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This thesis is a study of three categories of problems in fermionic systems for which topology plays an important role: (i) The properties of zero modes arising in systems of fermions interacting with a bosonic background, with a special focus on Majorana modes arising in the superconductor state. We propose a method for counting Majorana modes and we study a mechanism for controlling their number parity in lattice systems, two questions that are of relevance to the protection of quantum bits. (ii) The study of dispersionless bands in two dimensions as a platform for correlated physics, where it is shown the possibility of stabilizing the fractional quantum Hall effect in a flat band with Chern number. (iii) The extension of the hierarchy of quantum Hall fluids to the case of time-reversal symmetric incompressible ground states describing a phase of strongly interacting topological insulators in two dimensions.Physics
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Lu, Yuan-Ming. "Exotic phases of correlated electrons in two dimensions." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2363.
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Thesis advisor: Ziqiang WangExotic phases and associated phase transitions in low dimensions have been a fascinating frontier and a driving force in modern condensed matter physics since the 80s. Due to strong correlation effect, they are beyond the description of mean-field theory based on a single-particle picture and Landau's symmetry-breaking theory of phase transitions. These new phases of matter require new physical quantities to characterize them and new languages to describe them. This thesis is devoted to the study on exotic phases of correlated electrons in two spatial dimensions. We present the following efforts in understanding two-dimensional exotic phases: (1) Using Zn vertex algebra, we give a complete classification and characterization of different one-component fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states, including their ground state properties and quasiparticles. (2) In terms of a non-unitary transformation, we obtain the exact form of statistical interactions between composite fermions in the lowest Landau level (LLL) with v=1/(2m), m=1,2... By studying the pairing instability of composite fermions we theoretically explains recently observed FQHE in LLL with v=1/2,1/4. (3) We classify different Z2 spin liquids (SLs) on kagome lattice in Schwinger-fermion representation using projective symmetry group (PSG). We propose one most promising candidate for the numerically discovered SL state in nearest-neighbor Heisenberg model on kagome lattice}. (4) By analyzing different Z2 spin liquids on honeycomb lattice within PSG classification, we find out the nature of the gapped SL phase in honeycomb lattice Hubbard model, labeled sublattice pairing state (SPS) in Schwinger-fermion representation. We also identify the neighboring magnetic phase of SPS as a chiral-antiferromagnetic (CAF) phase and analyze the continuous phase transition between SPS and CAF phase. For the first time we identify a SL called 0-flux state in Schwinger-boson representation with one (SPS) in Schwinger-fermion representation by a duality transformation. (5) We show that when certain non-collinear magnetic order coexists in a singlet nodal superconductor, there will be Majorana bound states in vortex cores/on the edges of the superconductor. This proposal opens a window for discovering Majorana fermions in strongly correlated electrons. (6) Motivated by recent numerical discovery of fractionalized phases in topological flat bands, we construct wavefunctions for spin-polarized fractional Chern insulators (FCI) and time reversal symmetric fractional topological insulators (FTI) by parton approach. We show that lattice symmetries give rise to different FCI/FTI states even with the same filling fraction. For the first time we construct FTI wavefunctions in the absence of spin conservation which preserve all lattice symmetries. The constructed wavefunctions also set up the framework for future variational Monte Carlo simulations
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
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McCord, John J. "Investigating the topological order of an ansatz for the fractional quantum Hall effect in the half-filled second Landau level." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10240257.
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The Moore-Read Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian states have been under scrupulous review as candidates which describe the fractional quantum Hall effect at filling factor 5/2. Quantum states in the universality class of the Moore-Read Pfaffian/anti-Pfaffian have non-trivial intrinsic topological order and support low-energy non-Abelian excitations that have applications in fault-tolerant topological quantum computing schemes. Both states are exact ground states of three-body Hamiltonians that explicitly break particle-hole symmetry. We study the topological order of a competing ansatz state &PSgr;2 that is the exact ground state of a two-body Hamiltonian that preserves particle-hole symmetry. In particular, we calculate the bipartite entanglement entropy and spectra in the lowest Landau level in the spherical geometry for &PSgr; 2. We perform such calculations for a finite number of electrons up to 14. We then extrapolate to the thermodynamic limit the topological entanglement entropy γ as a measure of the topological order of the ansatz and compare to the known value of the Moore-Read Pfaffian/anti-Pfaffian state. We also study the orbital entanglement spectra for &PSgr;2 and compare with the Moore-Read Pfaffian and two-body Coulomb ground states. We show that our extrapolation of γ lies within the uncertainty of the known value of γ for the Moore-Read Pfaffian state, and that the orbital entanglement spectra of &PSgr;2 assumes a similar structure to that of the two-body Coulomb interaction.
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Eriksson, Hjalmar. "From the quantum Hall effect to topological insulators : A theoretical overview of recent fundamental developments in condensed matter physics." Thesis, Uppsala University, Theoretical Physics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126860.
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In this overview I describe the simplest models for the quantum Hall and quantum spin Hall effects, and give some general indications as to the description of topological insulators. As a background to the theoretical models I will first trace the development leading up to the description of topological insulators . Then I will present Laughlin's original model for the quantum Hall effect and briefly discuss its limitations. After that I will describe the Kane and Mele model for the quantum spin Hall effect in graphene and discuss its relation to a general quantum spin Hall system. I will conclude by giving a conceptual description of topological insulators and mention some potential applications of such states.
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Janot, Alexander [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Rosenow, Bernd [Gutachter] Rosenow, and Ehud [Gutachter] Altman. "Quantum Condensates and Topological Bosons in Coupled Light-Matter Excitations / Alexander Janot ; Gutachter: Bernd Rosenow, Ehud Altman ; Betreuer: Bernd Rosenow." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1240398077/34.
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Schönle, Joachim. "Quantum transport studies for spintronics implementation : from supramolecular carbon nanotube systems to topological crystalline insulator." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY022/document.
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L'électronique moléculaire est l'un des domaines les plus intrigants de la recherche moderne. Ce domaine pourrait produire un système de construction modulaire et évolutif pour des applications spintroniques à l'échelle nanométrique. Un exemple particulièrement prometteur est celui des aimants à une seule molécule, qui se sont déjà avérés être appropriés pour des la réalisation de spin valve et de qubit de spin. L'un des plus grands défis du domaine est l'intégration de ces objets de taille nanométrique dans des circuits complexes afin de permettre la détection et la manipulation d'états de spin moléculaires. Comme l'ont montré ces dernières années le groupe NanoSpin, les nanotubes de carbone (CNTs) peuvent servir de support pour les aimants à une seule molécule, en combinant les caractéristiques des deux constituants.Une pierre angulaire de ce projet de thèse a donc été le développement d'une technique de fabrication fiable pour des dispositifs de CNTs de haute qualité, contrôlables par de multiples électrodes de grille locales afin de permettre le contrôle local des systèmes hybrides moléculaires. Un procédé basé sur la fabrication conventionnelle à un substrat a été développé à partir de zéro, pour lequel l'optimisation de la conception des échantillons, les techniques de lithographie et de dépôt ainsi que les choix de matériaux ont dû être soigneusement incorporés afin de respecter les restrictions imposées par les conditions de croissance. Nous avons d'abord réussi à produire des échantillons CNT propres, permettant de mettre en évidence une configuration à double boite quantique, tout en ajustant des caractéristiques de type p à n. Les segments créés de cette manière peuvent être contrôlés de manière stable sur toute la longueur du dispositif et devraient donc constituer une base appropriée pour l'étude de la physique moléculaire.La matière topologique non triviale constitue une plate-forme séduisante pour étudier à la fois les principes fondamentaux et les applications possibles de la spintronique au calcul quantique. Les isolants cristallins topologiques, avec tellurure d'étain (SnTe) comme exemple principal, représentent un nouvel état au sein de ce zoo des matériaux topologiques 3D. Peu de temps après les premières réalisations expérimentales, des suggestions ont été faites sur la possibilité d’un type de supraconductivité non conventionnelle hébergé à l'interface entre la matière topologique et les supraconducteurs classiques. Les implications possibles de ces systèmes comprennent l'appariement de Cooper avec une quantité de mouvement finie dans la phase FFLO ou l’ordinateur quantique topologique, basé sur des excitations particulières, appelé quasi-particule Majorana.Ce projet de thèse visait à participer à l'enquête sur les signes de supraconductivité non conventionnelle dans SnTe. Les expériences de transport sur des couches pures dans les géométries de la barre de Hall et des dispositifs hybrides supraconducteurs, réalisés à la fois comme jonctions Josephson et SQUID, sont discutés. Un couplage étonnamment fort de SnTe au supraconducteur a été trouvé et dépendances de la supraconductivité sur les géométries des échantillons, la température et le champ magnétique ont été étudiées. La relation courant-phase a été analysée dans la limite d’effets cinétiques forts. Le couplage électrostatique et l'exposition à des micro-ondes ont été explorée, mais la physique prédominante dans de telles configurations s'est avéré être de type purement conventionnel, soulignant l’importance des améliorations sur le côté matériaux.Des mesures de champ magnétique dans le plan ont donné lieu à la signature d’un φ0-SQUID avec des transitions 0-π accordables, fournissant des preuves de possibles de transitions contrôlées de la supraconductivité triviale aux régimes de couplage non conventionnels dans SnTeMolecular electronics is one of the most intriguing fields of modern research, which could bring forth a modular and scalable building system for nanoscale spintronics applications. A particularly promising example are single-molecule magnets, which have already successfully shown to be suitable for spin valve or spin qubit operations. One of the biggest challenges of the field is the integration of these nanometer-sized objects in complex circuits in order to allow for detection and manipulation of moleculear spin states. As shown in recent years by the NanoSpin group, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can serve as such type of carrier for the single-molecule magnets, combining features of both constituents.A corner stone of this thesis project was hence the development of a dependable fabrication technique for high-quality CNT devices, controllable by multiple local gate electrodes in order to enable local control of molecular hybrid systems. A process based on conventional one-chip fabrication was developed from scratch, for which optimization of sample design, lithography and deposition techniques as well as material choices had to be carefully incorporated, in order to accomodate the restrictions imposed by the CNT growth conditions on the prevention of leakage currents. We succeeded in producing clean CNT devices, which could support a double dot configuration, tunable from p- to n-type characteristics. The segments created in this way can be stabily controlled over the entire device length and should hence provide a suitable backbone to study molecular physics.Topological matter constitutes an enticing platform to investigate both fundamental principles as well as possible applications from spintronics to quantum computation. Topological crystalline insulators, with tin telluride ( SnTe ) as a prime example, represent a new state of matter within this zoo of 3D topological materials. Soon after first experimental realizations, suggestions were made about the possibility of an unconventional type of superconductivity hosted at the interface between topological matter and conventional superconductors. Possible implications of such systems include Cooper pairing with finite momentum, the FFLO phase, or topological quantum computing, based on peculiar excitations, called Majorana bound states.This thesis project aimed to participate in the investigation of signs of unconventional superconductivity in SnTe . Transport experiments on bare films in Hall bar geometries and superconducting hybrid devices, realized as both Josephson junctions and SQUIDs, are discussed. A surprisingly strong coupling of SnTe to Ta superconductor was found and dependencies of superconductivity on sample geometries, temperature and magnetic field were investigated. The current-phase relation was analyzed in the limit of strong kinetic effects. Electrostatic gating and rf exposure was explored, but predominant physics in such configurations turned out to be of purely conventional type, pointing out the importance of improvements on the material side.In-plane magnetic field measurements gave rise to the manifestation of ϕ0-SQUIDs with tunable 0−π-transitions, providing evidence for possible controlled transitions from trivial superconductivity to unconventional coupling regimes in SnTe
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Théveniaut, Hugo. "Méthodes d'apprentissage automatique et phases quantiques de la matière." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30228.
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Mon travail de thèse s'est articulé autour de trois manières d'utiliser les méthodes d'apprentissage automatique (machine learning) en physique de la matière condensée. Premièrement, j'expliquerai comment il est possible de détecter automatiquement des transitions de phase en reformulant cette tâche comme un problème de classification d'images. J'ai testé la fiabilité et relevé les limites de cette approche dans des modèles présentant des phases localisées à N corps (many-body localized - MBL) en dimension 1 et en dimension 2. Deuxièmement, j'introduirai une représentation variationnelle d'états fondamentaux sous la forme de réseaux de neurones (neural-network quantum states - NQS). Je présenterai nos résultats sur un modèle contraint de bosons de coeur dur en deux dimensions avec des méthodes variationnelles basées sur des NQS et de projection guidée. Nos travaux montrent notamment que les états NQS peuvent encoder avec précision des états solides et liquides de bosons. Enfin, je présenterai une nouvelle approche pour la recherche de stratégies de corrections d'erreur dans les codes quantiques, cette approche se base sur les techniques utilisées pour concevoir l'intelligence artificielle AlphaGo. Nous avons pu montrer que des stratégies efficaces peuvent être découvertes avec des algorithmes d'optimisation évolutionnistes. En particulier, nous avons observé que des réseaux de neurones peu profonds sont compétitifs avec les réseaux profonds utilisés dans des travaux antérieurs, représentant un gain d'un facteur 10000 en termes de nombre de paramètresMy PhD thesis presents three applications of machine learning to condensed matter theory. Firstly, I will explain how the problem of detecting phase transitions can be rephrased as an image classification task, paving the way to the automatic mapping of phase diagrams. I tested the reliability of this approach and showed its limits for models exhibiting a many-body localized phase in 1 and 2 dimensions. Secondly, I will introduce a variational representation of quantum many-body ground-states in the form of neural-networks and show our results on a constrained model of hardcore bosons in 2d using variational and projection methods. In particular, we confirmed the phase diagram obtained independently earlier and extends its validity to larger system sizes. Moreover we also established the ability of neural-network quantum states to approximate accurately solid and liquid bosonic phases of matter. Finally, I will present a new approach to quantum error correction based on the same techniques used to conceive the best Go game engine. We showed that efficient correction strategies can be uncovered with evolutionary optimization algorithms, competitive with gradient-based optimization techniques. In particular, we found that shallow neural-networks are competitive with deep neural-networks