Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toponomy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Toponomy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Toponomy"

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Abdelhamed, Muna H. Haroun, and Charlotte Roueché. "Digitising Libyan heritage: inscriptions and toponomy." Libyan Studies 50 (October 22, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2019.4.

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AbstractThe new digital technologies have become an effective tool for researchers in different fields. Historians and archaeologists who are studying Greek and Roman Libya have benefited from technical developments in presenting different kinds of data, particularly relating to the epigraphy and toponymy of Libya. They have recently published several resources, and are working on more. This study presents the story of how scholars have collected a variety of Libyan heritage materials and published them online; the account makes it clear that these digital projects are the result of extensive and ongoing collaboration between researchers from different countries, including Libya. They have worked together, and are still working to produce valuable online corpora of inscriptions alongside the Heritage Gazetteer of Libya which records names used at different times, and in a variety of languages, of heritage sites. We also discuss plans for further improving the accessibility of these materials, and encouraging their wider use.
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Encarnação, José d’. "Toponomy: historical source also for the Republic." Biblos: Revista da FLUC 8 (2010): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_8_2.

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Chynykeeva, Gulnaz Ergeshaliyevna, and Aziret Manasovich Zaidov. "Kurshab village Toponomy, ethnic history and future." Bulletin of Osh State University 1, no. 3 (2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52754/16947452_2021_1_3_71.

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Kulavkova, Katica. "Enforced linguistic conversion: translation of the Macedonian toponyms in the 20th century." Slavia Meridionalis 12 (August 31, 2015): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2012.012.

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Enforced linguistic conversion: translation of the Macedonian toponyms in the 20th centuryThe article deals with the issue of forced conversion of Macedonian toponyms, considered as a form of linguistic and cultural dislocation or luxation (the Latin luxatio originating from luxus – dislocated). The toponyms are not just eminently linguistic but also a part of civilization’s memory of nations and of humankind, and that is why they are protected by international regulations. The act of translating toponyms from one language to another, within the frames of culturally and ethnically marked space, is undeniable violence against the cultural heritage. A change of a toponym, its forced translation into another language is, according to these legal acts, a crime against culture. For a toponym is a true reflection of historical facts and historical memories. Toponyms can be transcribed onto a different alphabet, letter‑by‑letter (transliteration), but should not be translated, especially not on the territory which is their civilization’s cradle, where they are practiced and inherited. Violent conversion of toponyms is an introduction to conversion of historical narratives and modern ethno‑cultural identities. History shows that there are violent forms of linguistic, cultural, religious and ethnic dislocations. The example of radical dislocation of Macedonian toponyms is probably one of the few in modern history. It has been taking place over an almost entire century – from the 1920s to the 21st century’s first decade. Macedonian toponyms, for centuries present on the territory of ethnic Macedonia (for which there is indisputable evidence), are being dislocated from their original linguistic/cultural context within several national entities: the Greek, Albanian and – paradoxically – Macedonian states. Such violent translation of toponyms is not devoid of geopolitical consequences.The conversions of Macedonian toponyms are just a step towards a systematic negation of the Macedonian linguistic and cultural identity, and with that, they deny the right of Macedonian people for their own national country, for every negation lies under the intention of re‑interpreting and retouching the historical reality.Wymuszona konwersja językowa: tłumaczenie macedońskich toponimów w XX wiekuW artykule podjęto zagadnienia związane z wymuszoną konwersją toponimów ma­cedońskich, co może być traktowane jako forma językowego i kulturowego przemieszcze­nia / zwichnięcia / luxatio (łac. luxatio, luxare, luxus – zwichnięcie). Toponimy są nie tylko szczególnymi znakami językowymi, świadczą też o cywilizacyjnej pamięci narodów i całej ludzkości, stanowią przy tym odbicie faktów i dziedzictwa kulturowego, chronionego mocą międzynarodowych regulacji prawnych. Przekład toponimów z jednego języka na inny w ra­mach jednej przestrzeni kulturowej i etnicznej oznacza niewątpliwie przemoc wobec tego dziedzictwa. Zamiana toponimu i jego wymuszone tłumaczenie na inny język na mocy usta­nawianych w tym celu aktów prawnych staje się przestępstwem (zbrodnią) wobec kultury. Toponim jest bowiem rzeczywistym odbiciem faktów i wspomnień historycznych. Toponimy można przepisywać innym alfabetem, litera po literze (łac. transliteratio), ale nie można ich przekładać, zwłaszcza na terytorium, na którym były ustanowione, stosowane i dziedziczone. Wymuszona zamiana prowadzi faktycznie do przekształcenia narracji historycznych i tożsa­mości etniczno‑kulturowej. Historia dowodzi, że istnieją pewne formy przemocy prowadzące do dyslokacji językowej, religijnej i etnicznej. Radykalna rewizja macedońskich toponimów zidentyfikowanych jako słowiańskie jest prawdopodobnie jednym z nielicznych przykładów, jakie zna współczesna historia. Tak dzieje się od prawie stu lat – od początku 1920 roku aż do pierwszej dekady XXI stulecia. Toponimy, które pojawiły się na etnicznym terytorium Ma­cedonii (na co istnieją niezaprzeczalne dowody), zostały przemieszczone z ich pierwotnego kontekstu językowego / kulturowego w ramach kilku podmiotów regulujących: greckiego, albańskiego i – jak się paradoksalnie wydaje – macedońskiego. Ten rodzaj zakłóceń języko­wych ma swoje geopolityczne konsekwencje.Wprowadzone zmiany toponimów świadczą o systematycznej negacji macedońskiej tożsamości językowej i kulturowej, a w konsekwencji o procesie negowania prawa narodu macedońskiego do własnego państwa narodowego, gdyż główną intencją każdej negacji jest reinterpretacja, przetwarzanie i zmiana rzeczywistości historycznej.
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Cassola, Arnold. "The Maltese Toponomy in three ancient Italian portulans (1296–1490)." Al-Masāq 5, no. 1 (January 1992): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503119208576988.

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Vidović, Domagoj. "Pogled u toponimiju Kotorskoga zaljeva." Studia lexicographica 13, no. 24 (2019): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.33604/sl.13.24.3.

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U ovome se radu obrađuje petstotinjak toponima u Kotorskome zaljevu. U uvodnome se dijelu članka iznose temeljni povijesni i demografski podatci. U središnjemu se dijelu mjesni toponimi razvrstavaju prema motivaciji i s obzirom na jezično postanje. Motivacijski se toponimija Kotorskoga zaljeva izdvaja po iznadprosječnomu udjelu toponima antroponimskoga postanja te toponima uvjetovanih titularima crkava, među kojima se izdvaja toponim Sutorman (sanctus Romanus), prežitak rane romansko-slavenske simbioze.
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Konopski, Michał. "The role of administrative borders in determining regional identity: The case of Podlasie, Poland." Moravian Geographical Reports 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2021-0005.

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Abstract The borders of voivodships in Poland today are not consistent with those of historical regions. The current administrative division is largely based upon imposed boundaries, dividing initial regions. This research topic arises from the dichotomy between the toponymy applied to voivodships because of the administrative reform of 1999 – and the names of historical regions. Implementing such a toponomy, although detached from historical and cultural contexts, has contributed to establishing attachments with current administrative regions, which surpasses identification with historical units. This paper presents the results of empirical research employing a questionnaire survey of the inhabitants of 71 communes (LAU 2 units) in north-eastern Poland. The main objective was to examine the impact of recent administrative reform on territorial identity, with particular emphasis placed on the region of Podlasie. The surveyed communities are to the highest extent attached to national and local levels than to the region, which was only ranked third in the hierarchy of identification with a given area. The regional identity of the population living in north-east Poland is related primarily to the contemporary administrative borders. There are, however, explicit differences in perceptions of the region of Podlasie depending upon respondents’ place of residence, which is an indication that relict borders persist in the residents’ social consciousness.
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Różycki, Bartłomiej. "Renaming urban toponomy as a mean of redefining local identity: the case of street decommunization in Poland." Open Political Science 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2017-0004.

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AbstractDuring and after democratic transition in Poland, the decommunization of urban toponomy became an important aspect of symbolic changes. Although the general course of street renaming was similar in the whole country, the pace of these changes as well as scope of tolerance towards the symbols of the past varied. In this article, the cases of three major Polish cities are analyzed. In Kraków, its long and rich history constituted a background of local identity and certain level of autonomy in defining the symbolic landscape. Warsaw on the other hand was a city whose extraordinary experiences related to the World War II resulted in commemoration of a whole new set of myths and figures through the street names. What is more, its status of the country’s capital caused its identity to influence the canon of Polish history as a whole. This affected the third analyzed case, Wrocław, whose long history of links with German culture resulted in very little symbolic capital which would be compatible with this new patriotic canon. As a result, Wrocław accepted in its urban toponomy a vast number of symbols unrelated to its own memory, in the same time suppressing symbols linked to its local identity. Accepting external heritage turned out to be a strategy of avoiding conflict with the dominant narrative.1
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Muhyidin, Asep. "KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM TOPONIMI DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG PROVINSI BANTEN: SEBUAH PENELITIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (January 17, 2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v17i2.9661.

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Bahasa dan budaya merupakan dua sisi mata uang yang berbeda, tetapi tidak dapat dipisahkan, karena bahasa merupakan cermin budaya dan identitas diri penuturnya. Toponim dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari aspek budaya setempat sehingga sangat diperlukan untuk melestarikan warisan budaya bangsa. Bahasa yang digunakan dalam penamaan geografis menunjukkan kekayaan budaya suatu bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan toponimi di Kabupaten Pandeglang yang menggunakan mofem Ci- (Bahasa Sunda), lema kadu (Bahasa Sunda), dan lema pasir (Bahasa Sunda). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Data yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini berasal dari sumber data tertulis dan sumber data lisan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan toponim di Kabupaten Pandeglang yaitu: 1) menggunakan morfem ci- (BI: air); menggunakan lema kadu (BI: buah durian); dan menggunakan lema pasir (BI: bukit); dan 2) faktor penamaan tersebut berkaitan dengan kondisi geografis dan sosial budaya masyarakat setempat. Language and culture are two sides of a coin; they are inseparable because language is a reflection of the culture and identity of its speaker. Toponyms can be used to study various aspects of the local culture and can help to preserve the nation's cultural heritage. The language used in geographical naming shows the cultural richness of a nation. This study aims to describe the toponymy existing in Pandeglang District, focusing on the morpheme Ci- (Sundanese), kadu entry (Sundanese), and hill entry (Sundanese). This research uses analytical descriptive method. The data used in this paper comes from written as well as oral data sources. The findings revealed that the dominant toponyms in Pandeglang District are as follows: 1) using the morpheme ci- (BI: air); using the entry kadu (BI: durian); and using the entry hill (BI: bukit); 2) the naming factor is related to the geographical and sociocultural conditions of the local community.
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Cureleac, Vasile, and Mirela Mariana Cureleac. "The toponymy of the Ukrainian places situated in the inferior valley of the River Viseu and the River Ruscova - Hutsulia Maramuresana (Visevshcena)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 47 (November 27, 2014): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.47.948.

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Distribution of Ukrainian toponyms in the valley of the rivers Ruscova and Vyshev is analyzed. The main types of toponyms are selected, their origin are disclosed. Relationship of toponyms in the valley of the rivers and Vyshev with toponymy of Ukrainian Hutsul is found. Cultural and historical significance and problems of preservation of Ukrainian Hutsul Marmaros toponymy are show. Key words: toponymy, typing of toponyms, origins of toponyms, Hutsulschyna.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toponomy"

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Pacindova, Laura. "Le culte de Sainte Elisabeth en Slovaquie médiévale (XIIIe-XVIe siècles) : Textes, images, lieux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH039.

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Cette thèse propose une étude sur l'histoire du culte élisabéthain et son évolution en Slovaquie médiévale entre le XIIIe et le XVIe siècle. Elle s'appuie sur un corpus de 61 représentations visuelles, croisé avec les textes hagiographiques, liturgiques et littéraires, et replacé dans son contexte historique et spatial.Le culte de sainte Élisabeth a été un des plus répandus à travers l'Europe du bas Moyen Âge. Porté par la nouvelle sainteté mendiante, l'exemple d'Élisabeth a trouvé un écho puissant dans son pays d'origine, la Hongrie, immédiatement après sa canonisation en 1235. Plusieurs facteurs contribuèrent à la diffusion de la vénération de cette figure féminine : les familles royales, à commencer par celle des Árpád jusqu'au roi Mathias Corvin ; les mendiants ; et, enfin, les colons allemands. Une première partie de la thèse délimite l'espace géographique du thème étudié et présente les sources iconographiques et hagiographiques élisabéthaines qui constituent la base à partir de laquelle se déploie les grandes caractéristiques du culte. Elle recense d'une part les documents d'ordre juridique et biographique sur sainte Élisabeth, puis place sa personne dans la pratique liturgique à partir des manuscrits conservés en Slovaquie. D'autre part, elle présente l'image de la sainte, qui apparait sur des supports variés, grâce à un corpus iconographique inédit.Dans la deuxième partie, Élisabeth est replacée dans les contextes historiques hongrois et slovaque pour définir les premières formes de l'établissement de son culte. L'étude de la topographie témoigne de l'abondance des lieux dédiés à la sainte dans les décennies suivant sa mort.La troisième partie expose les divers motifs et scènes iconographiques de sainte Élisabeth telles qu'elles ont été pratiquées en Slovaquie et les croisent avec les modèles d'autres pays d'Europe. Les images élisabéthaines, auxquelles les fidèles s'identifient aisément, sont soumises à l'analyse pour démontrer leur plasticité au sein de la société médiévale où différents groupes sociopolitiques peuvent se les approprier selon ses propres besoins spirituels. Cette analyse située à la croisée de deux disciplines : l'histoire et l'histoire de l'art, apporte un regard nouveau sur les variations du culte d'une sainte à travers un rassemblement inédit de ses représentations du XIIIe au XVIe siècle
This thesis deals with the history of the Elizabethan cult and its evolution in Medieval Slovakia between the 13th and the 16th centuries. It is based on a corpus of 61 visual representations crosschecked against hagiographic, liturgical and literary texts and put in its historical and spatial context. The cult of Saint Elizabeth is one of the most widespread throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages. Backed by the new begging holiness, the example of Elizabeth finds an echo in Hungary, her country of origin, immediately after her canonization in 1235, where many factors contribute to the spread of the reverence for this feminine figure: royal families, starting with that of the Árpáds and ending by King Matthias Corvinus; beggars; and finally German settlers. The first part of the thesis defines the geographical space of the topic under consideration and determines Elizabethan iconographic and hagiographic sources which constitute the base for the problem of cult. On the one hand, this part identifies legal and biographical documents on Saint Elizabeth and analyses liturgical practices in connection with this figure on the basis of the manuscripts conserved in Slovakia. On the other hand, it presents the image of the saint with the help of an original iconographic corpus. The second part focuses on Elizabeth in the Hungarian and Slovak historical contexts in order to define the earliest forms of the establishment of her cult. Informed by historical topography, it shows the abundance of places dedicated to the saint in the decades following her death. The third part sets out different motifs and iconographic scenes of Saint Elizabeth in Slovakia and discusses them in comparison with other models in Europe. The images of Saint Elizabeth, with which the faithful identify themselves easily, are analyzed to demonstrate their plasticity in the medieval society which appropriates them according to its own demands. This analysis, placed at the crossroads of two subjects: history and history of art, provides a new approach to cult variations of the saint through the original grouping of representations from the 13th till the 16th centuries
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Watson, Angus. "Place-names, land and lordship in the medieval earldom of Strathearn." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11331.

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The first aim of this thesis is to present a comprehensive toponymic listing and analysis for six parishes of Western Strathearn, and this is done in Part One where approximately 2500 place-names are considered. The medieval parishes of BQR, COM, TEX, MUT, MZX and MXZ form a continuous, largely upland, area, topographically distinct from the Strathearn parishes to the east, and with the exception of Innerpeffray (part of MXZ, see esp. Part Two, Appendix 1b) somewhat less affected, in the 12c to 14c at least, by inward migration of Anglo-Norman and other non-Gaelic groups or individuals. Thus we might expect this western area to be the most conservative part of an earldom that Cynthia Neville has characterised as conservative and insular as late as 13c when compared to other major Scottish earldoms and lordships (Neville 1983, eg vol i, 156, Neville 2000, 76). The core lands of the more easterly medieval parish of FOW were subjected to the same comprehensive toponymic analysis. Though that toponymic material could not be included for reasons of space, it has contributed, along with the material from the six parishes covered in the gazetteers below, to the second main aspect of the thesis, the discussion of lordship and land organisation in Part Two. In Part Two will also be found an introduction to the earldom of Strathearn and a discussion of a number of aspects of its history, as well as appendices giving additional information relevant to the topics discussed in the body of the thesis. The parish unit was chosen as the basis for the organisation of this thesis since John Rogers (Rogers 1992, esp. 125-7) has shown the fundamental link between the form of the ecclesiastical parishes, whose creation was complete by 12c, and pre-existing units of land usually referred to as multiple estates, a multiple estate being a group of individual estates, not necessarily contiguous, organised and operated as a coherent social, tenurial and economic unit. As Rogers puts it, multiple estates were essentially units of lordship, taking the form of a principal settlement or caput with a number of dependent settlements. They contained within their bounds all the resources required to support their economies and to produce the necessary renders. Accordingly they were arranged in the landscape to exploit those resources, a process which often produced irregular geographical forms, including areas detached from the main body of the estate. This process frequently led to a specialisation of function, such as the management of pasture, amongst the component settlements. Jones (1976) discusses the multiple estate in the context of the early British Isles, Dodgshon (1981, esp. 58ff) in a Scottish context. The latter writer says (op. cit., 58) that in their variety of scale, multiple estates have often been likened to a parish, though some were undoubtedly larger, adding that lordship was exercised over them by a tribal chief, a king or a feudal baron. Many of these characteristics will be found relevant to the discussion of land organisation and lordship in Part Two. In our present state of knowledge, then, the medieval parishes are the best representation we have of the patterns of land organisation in Strathearn as they may have been in the time of the late Pictish and early Scottish kingdoms. A practical demonstration of the relevance of parish boundaries lies in the fact that it is rare indeed to find a settlement place-name whose area of reference straddles the boundary of a medieval parish. It is overwhelmingly within the context of the original parish that the place-names of an area have coherence and are most likely to give up their secrets.
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Kohlheim, Volker. "Toponyme in der Literatur." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-150814.

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In comparison with personal names toponyms have been rather neglected in studies on literary onomastics. Place names may seem less promising for onomastic research because authors tend to anchor their narratives in the actual world much more than characters. However, place names in literature fulfil important tasks: they mainly contribute to the fictional constitution of space. The question whether the actual counterparts of fictional place names are of any importance for the reader has been discussed very controversially. But place names may also help to create a certain mood or local colour. They even may indicate the passing of time. As all these phenomena are based on mental processes which take place in the reader’s brain this paper tries to study them with the help of actual cognitive science.
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Bhattacharya, Sayantan. "Applying toponome imaging system for studying colon cancer." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47136/.

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Introduction In a proof of principle study, we have applied an automated fluorescence toponome imaging system (TIS) in order to examine, whether TIS can find protein network structures distinguishing cancerous from normal colon tissue from same patient. Methods/Materials Cancer specimen and corresponding normal tissue were harvested at colectomy from a single patient. 5μm sections were then prepared for TIS using a battery of different antibodies, including a number of putative CSC markers. Expression of multiple protein clusters was determined and Combinatorial Molecular Phenotypes (CMPs) were analysed, using specific image-analysis tools. Results By using a three symbol code and a power of combinatorial molecular discrimination (PCMD) of 221 per sub-cellular data point in one single tissue section, we demonstrate an in situ protein network structure, visualized as a mosaic of 6,813 protein clusters (Combinatorial molecular phenotype or CMPs) in the cancerous part of the colon. By contrast, in the histologically normal colon, TIS identifies nearly 5 times the number of protein clusters as compared to the cancerous part (32,009). Discussion and Conclusion By sub-cellular visualization procedures we found, that many cell surface membrane molecules were closely associated with the cell cytoskeleton as unique CMPs in the normal part of the colon, while the same molecules were disassembled in the cancerous part, suggesting presence of dysfunctional cytoskeleton-membrane complexes. As expected, glandular and stromal cell signatures were found, but interestingly also potentially TIS signatures identifying a very restricted subset of cells expressing several putative stem cell markers, all restricted to the cancerous tissue. The detection of these signatures is based on the extreme searching depth, high degree of dimensionality, and sub-cellular resolution capacity of TIS. These findings provide the technological rationale for the feasibility of a complete colon cancer toponome to be established by massive parallel high throughput/high content TIS mapping.
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King, Jacob. "Analytical tools for toponymy : their application to Scottish hydronymy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3020.

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It has long been observed that there is a correlation between the physical qualities of a watercourse and the linguistic qualities of its name; for instance, of two river-names, one having the linguistic quality of river as its generic element, and one having burn, one would expect the river to be the longer of the two. Until now, a phenomenon such as this had never been formally quantified. The primary focus of this thesis is to create, within a Scottish context, a methodology for elucidating the relationship between various qualities of hydronyms and the qualities of the watercourses they represent. The area of study includes every catchment area which falls into the sea from the River Forth, round the east coast of Scotland, up to and including the Spey; also included is the east side of the River Leven / Loch Lomond catchment area. The linguistic strata investigated are: Early Celtic, P-Celtic, Gaelic and Scots. In the first half of the introduction scholarly approaches to toponymy are discussed, in a Scottish and hydronymic context, from the inception of toponymy as a discipline up to the present day; the capabilities and limitations of these approaches are taken into consideration. In the second half the approaches taken in this thesis are outlined. The second chapter explains and justifies in more detail the methodology and calculus used in this thesis. The subsequent chapters examine the following linguistic components of a hydronym: generic elements, linguistic strata, semantics and phonological overlay. In each of these chapters the methodology is harnessed as an analytical tool to generate new findings for hydronymic research. The conclusion consists of a summary of the findings and a review of the performance of the calculus. It emerges that these analytical tools are of use to the field of toponymy in two ways. Firstly, they formalise and challenge previously unquantified statements made in the field of toponymy. Secondly, they elucidate hitherto unnoticed phenomena. It is suggested that in the future this methodology be applied to other datasets (particularly hill-names) and to other regions in Scotland and the world at large.
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Leidner, Jochen Lothar. "Toponym resolution in text." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1849.

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Background. In the area of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a shared discipline between informatics and geography, the term geo-parsing is used to describe the process of identifying names in text, which in computational linguistics is known as named entity recognition and classification (NERC). The term geo-coding is used for the task of mapping from implicitly geo-referenced datasets (such as structured address records) to explicitly geo-referenced representations (e.g., using latitude and longitude). However, present-day GIS systems provide no automatic geo-coding functionality for unstructured text. In Information Extraction (IE), processing of named entities in text has traditionally been seen as a two-step process comprising a flat text span recognition sub-task and an atomic classification sub-task; relating the text span to a model of the world has been ignored by evaluations such as MUC or ACE (Chinchor (1998); U.S. NIST (2003)). However, spatial and temporal expressions refer to events in space-time, and the grounding of events is a precondition for accurate reasoning. Thus, automatic grounding can improve many applications such as automatic map drawing (e.g. for choosing a focus) and question answering (e.g. for questions like How far is London from Edinburgh?, given a story in which both occur and can be resolved). Whereas temporal grounding has received considerable attention in the recent past (Mani and Wilson (2000); Setzer (2001)), robust spatial grounding has long been neglected. Concentrating on geographic names for populated places, I define the task of automatic Toponym Resolution (TR) as computing the mapping from occurrences of names for places as found in a text to a representation of the extensional semantics of the location referred to (its referent), such as a geographic latitude/longitude footprint. The task of mapping from names to locations is hard due to insufficient and noisy databases, and a large degree of ambiguity: common words need to be distinguished from proper names (geo/non-geo ambiguity), and the mapping between names and locations is ambiguous (London can refer to the capital of the UK or to London, Ontario, Canada, or to about forty other Londons on earth). In addition, names of places and the boundaries referred to change over time, and databases are incomplete. Objective. I investigate how referentially ambiguous spatial named entities can be grounded, or resolved, with respect to an extensional coordinate model robustly on open-domain news text. I begin by comparing the few algorithms proposed in the literature, and, comparing semiformal, reconstructed descriptions of them, I factor out a shared repertoire of linguistic heuristics (e.g. rules, patterns) and extra-linguistic knowledge sources (e.g. population sizes). I then investigate how to combine these sources of evidence to obtain a superior method. I also investigate the noise effect introduced by the named entity tagging step that toponym resolution relies on in a sequential system pipeline architecture. Scope. In this thesis, I investigate a present-day snapshot of terrestrial geography as represented in the gazetteer defined and, accordingly, a collection of present-day news text. I limit the investigation to populated places; geo-coding of artifact names (e.g. airports or bridges), compositional geographic descriptions (e.g. 40 miles SW of London, near Berlin), for instance, is not attempted. Historic change is a major factor affecting gazetteer construction and ultimately toponym resolution. However, this is beyond the scope of this thesis. Method. While a small number of previous attempts have been made to solve the toponym resolution problem, these were either not evaluated, or evaluation was done by manual inspection of system output instead of curating a reusable reference corpus. Since the relevant literature is scattered across several disciplines (GIS, digital libraries, information retrieval, natural language processing) and descriptions of algorithms are mostly given in informal prose, I attempt to systematically describe them and aim at a reconstruction in a uniform, semi-formal pseudo-code notation for easier re-implementation. A systematic comparison leads to an inventory of heuristics and other sources of evidence. In order to carry out a comparative evaluation procedure, an evaluation resource is required. Unfortunately, to date no gold standard has been curated in the research community. To this end, a reference gazetteer and an associated novel reference corpus with human-labeled referent annotation are created. These are subsequently used to benchmark a selection of the reconstructed algorithms and a novel re-combination of the heuristics catalogued in the inventory. I then compare the performance of the same TR algorithms under three different conditions, namely applying it to the (i) output of human named entity annotation, (ii) automatic annotation using an existing Maximum Entropy sequence tagging model, and (iii) a na¨ıve toponym lookup procedure in a gazetteer. Evaluation. The algorithms implemented in this thesis are evaluated in an intrinsic or component evaluation. To this end, we define a task-specific matching criterion to be used with traditional Precision (P) and Recall (R) evaluation metrics. This matching criterion is lenient with respect to numerical gazetteer imprecision in situations where one toponym instance is marked up with different gazetteer entries in the gold standard and the test set, respectively, but where these refer to the same candidate referent, caused by multiple near-duplicate entries in the reference gazetteer. Main Contributions. The major contributions of this thesis are as follows: • A new reference corpus in which instances of location named entities have been manually annotated with spatial grounding information for populated places, and an associated reference gazetteer, from which the assigned candidate referents are chosen. This reference gazetteer provides numerical latitude/longitude coordinates (such as 51320 North, 0 50 West) as well as hierarchical path descriptions (such as London > UK) with respect to a world wide-coverage, geographic taxonomy constructed by combining several large, but noisy gazetteers. This corpus contains news stories and comprises two sub-corpora, a subset of the REUTERS RCV1 news corpus used for the CoNLL shared task (Tjong Kim Sang and De Meulder (2003)), and a subset of the Fourth Message Understanding Contest (MUC-4; Chinchor (1995)), both available pre-annotated with gold-standard. This corpus will be made available as a reference evaluation resource; • a new method and implemented system to resolve toponyms that is capable of robustly processing unseen text (open-domain online newswire text) and grounding toponym instances in an extensional model using longitude and latitude coordinates and hierarchical path descriptions, using internal (textual) and external (gazetteer) evidence; • an empirical analysis of the relative utility of various heuristic biases and other sources of evidence with respect to the toponym resolution task when analysing free news genre text; • a comparison between a replicated method as described in the literature, which functions as a baseline, and a novel algorithm based on minimality heuristics; and • several exemplary prototypical applications to show how the resulting toponym resolution methods can be used to create visual surrogates for news stories, a geographic exploration tool for news browsing, geographically-aware document retrieval and to answer spatial questions (How far...?) in an open-domain question answering system. These applications only have demonstrative character, as a thorough quantitative, task-based (extrinsic) evaluation of the utility of automatic toponym resolution is beyond the scope of this thesis and left for future work.
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Tóth, Valéria. "Hungarian digital toponym registry." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-180661.

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Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis. Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts. – Im Sommer 2010 wurde unter dem Namen Digitales Ungarisches Ortsverzeichnis ein Forschungsvorhaben begonnen mit dem langfristigen Ziel der Aufnahme und Analyse des vollständigen Ortsnameninventars des Karpatenbeckens. Das Programm wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Experten verschiedener ungarischer und ausländischer Einrichtungen aufgenommen, es möchte die Geschichte der Ortsnamen von den Anfängen bis heute untersuchen. Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis dient wissenschaftlichen Zwecken, kann aber gleichzeitig für ein allgemeines Publikum von Interesse sein. Die Datenbasis besteht aus zwei Teilen: das Moderne Ortsnamenverzeichnis enthält hauptsächlich Ortsnamen des 18. bis 20. Jahrhunderts, das Historische Ortsnamenverzeichnis erfasst Ortsnamen aus der Zeit bis 1350. Die zugrundeliegende Software-Architektur wird durch das 4D Datenbank-Management-System realisiert, das unter anderem über eine GIS- Komponente verfügt und damit die Visualisierung toponymischer Daten auf Karten ermöglicht: moderne toponymische Daten werden auf Fotografien von Google Earth projiziert, während historische Daten auf rekonstruierten mittelalterlichen Karten eingetragen werden. Dieser Beitrag möchte die allgemeinen und wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen des Digitalen Ungarischen Ortsverzeichnisses beschreiben und auf die bereits erreichten Resultate hinweisen. Das Ortsverzeichnis ist verfügbar unter http://mdh.unideb.hu.
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Rezende, Francisco José. "As taxionomias toponímicas de natureza física e suas influências na navegação aérea: Conceitos de Dick." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-20092011-162908/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar o significado dos nomes indígenas dos aeródromos do território brasileiro. Os aeródromos foram classificados nas Taxionomias de Natureza Física (Conceitos de Dick). Foram coletados e selecionados 270 topônimos cujos significados contribuem para referências visuais na navegação aérea, tornando assim um elemento participativo para segurança durante o pouso e a decolagem. O trabalho consiste em aumentar a visão do navegador nas referências dos acidentes geográficos classificados num Quadro Taxionômico Toponímico. A Toponímia, sob este aspecto, assume um papel relevante como substância preciosa no planejamento de voo e da navegação aérea.
This study aims to demonstrate the meaning of indigenous names of aerodromes of Brazil. The aerodromes were classified in the Taxonomy of Nature Physics Dick (Concepts of Dick). We collected and selected 270 toponyms whose meanings contribute to visual cues in navigation, thus making them a participatory element to promote safety during take-off and landing periods. The study intends to increase the navigator view in relation to the landforms references classified in a Taxonomy and Toponymic chart. Toponymy, in this regard, plays a relevant role as a precious element in flight planning and navigation.
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Rapa, Sanda, and Renate Silina-Pinke. "Die verbreitetsten grammatischen Modelle lettischer Toponyme." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71040.

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Buscaldi, Davide. "Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8912.

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In recent years, geography has acquired a great importance in the context of Information Retrieval (IR) and, in general, of the automated processing of information in text. Mobile devices that are able to surf the web and at the same time inform about their position are now a common reality, together with applications that can exploit this data to provide users with locally customised information, such as directions or advertisements. Therefore, it is important to deal properly with the geographic information that is included in electronic texts. The majority of such kind of information is contained as place names, or toponyms. Toponym ambiguity represents an important issue in Geographical Information Retrieval (GIR), due to the fact that queries are geographically constrained. There has been a struggle to nd speci c geographical IR methods that actually outperform traditional IR techniques. Toponym ambiguity may constitute a relevant factor in the inability of current GIR systems to take advantage from geographical knowledge. Recently, some Ph.D. theses have dealt with Toponym Disambiguation (TD) from di erent perspectives, from the development of resources for the evaluation of Toponym Disambiguation (Leidner (2007)) to the use of TD to improve geographical scope resolution (Andogah (2010)). The Ph.D. thesis presented here introduces a TD method based on WordNet and carries out a detailed study of the relationship of Toponym Disambiguation to some IR applications, such as GIR, Question Answering (QA) and Web retrieval. The work presented in this thesis starts with an introduction to the applications in which TD may result useful, together with an analysis of the ambiguity of toponyms in news collections. It could not be possible to study the ambiguity of toponyms without studying the resources that are used as placename repositories; these resources are the equivalent to language dictionaries, which provide the di erent meanings of a given word.
Buscaldi, D. (2010). Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8912
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Books on the topic "Toponomy"

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Mangalam, S. J. Historical geography and toponomy of Andhra Pradesh. New Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, 1986.

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Usolʹt͡sev, V. Imena, nazvanii͡a, toponimy. Sevastopolʹ: Ukrgeodezkartografii͡a, 1997.

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Budagov, B. A. Ti͡u︡rkskie toponimy Evrazii. Baku: Oguz ėli, 1998.

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Khazhuev, A. A. Toponimy Maloĭ Kabardy. Nalʹchik: OOO "Tetragraf", 2014.

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Toponymy of Assam. New Delhi: Omsons Publications, 2001.

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T︠S︡aralunha, Inna. Ukraïnsʹki toponimy na -any (-i︠a︡ny). Khmelʹnyt︠s︡ʹkyĭ: Khmelʹnyt︠s︡ʹkyĭ derz︠h︡avnyĭ universytet, 2007.

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Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names. Toponymy: Let's read about it! Ottawa, Ont: Secretariat, Geographical Names, 1991.

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An historical toponymy of Cyprus. 5th ed. Nicosia, Cyprus: Distributed by MAM, 1985.

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Dāśa, Satyanārāyaṇa. Dravidian in north Indian toponymy. Varanasi: All India Association of Historical and Comparative Linguistics, 1987.

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Bachtiar, T. Toponimi kota Bandung. [Bandung]: Bandung Art & Culture Council, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Toponomy"

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Bromley, Richard G. "Stratinomy, toponomy and ethology of trace fossils." In Trace Fossils, 188–207. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2875-7_9.

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Gieseler, Anne. "Synaptic Toponome." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 2036–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_633.

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Hillert, Reyk. "Toponome Analysis." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 2188–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_635.

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Toponym." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 1168. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1398.

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Czopek-Kopciuch, Barbara. "Multiculturalism in Polish Toponymy." In Names and Naming, 331–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73186-1_21.

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Fowler, Madeline E. "Toponym glossary." In Aboriginal Maritime Landscapes in South Australia, 185. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Archaeology and indigenous peoples: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351243773-9.

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Pignatti, Erika, and Sandro Pignatti. "Toponyms (Place Names)." In Plant Life of the Dolomites, 79–105. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53051-1_6.

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Nyström, Staffan. "Multicultural Features in Scandinavian Toponymy." In Names and Naming, 197–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73186-1_13.

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Khan, Michael, and Christine Waddington. "Clinical Aspects of the Toponome Imaging System (TIS)." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 412–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_638.

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Varet, Jacques. "Relief, Climate, People, Languages, Toponymy and Exploration History." In Regional Geology Reviews, 13–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60865-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Toponomy"

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Morozova, I. V. "ON TOPONOMY OF OUTER SPACE IN THE SHORT PROSE OF VICTOR KOLUPAEV." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERARY STUDIES. Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-901-3-2020-117.

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Pecci, Antonio, and Ida Campanile. "Aontia: un antico toponimo dalle Mappe Aragonesi." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11436.

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Aontia: an ancient toponym from the Aragon mapsThe Aragon geographical maps represent the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Naples. they date back to the second half of the fifteenth century, probably some of them or some copies were subsequently modified or updated. These ancient maps were rediscovered about thirty years ago in the State Archives of Naples and in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris, and they have been under study for some years. They are unfortunately still little used in the scientific field, although several contributions have demonstrated their validity as an investigation tool thanks to their undoubted information potential. In fact, thanks to the very high degree of characterization of these maps it is possible to advance hypotheses and considerations of a historical-archaeological nature of the territories they represent. It is often toponymic analysis that offers insights and guides the early stages of research: toponyms relating to natural and anthropic elements inform about landscapes rich of medieval and classical references. The case study proposed here relates to the toponym Aontia, located on the Aragon maps near the centers of the Basilicata of Cirigliano and Gorgoglione. It is a place currently unidentified and not attested in any medieval or modern source; its toponym may refer to some references relating to an epithet of the well-known Greek divinity Artemis and to the presence of a sanctuary dedicated to it or to an ancient settlement. Starting from the analysis of the toponym Aontia, a localization proposal will be carried out based on the etymological and historical study, on the topographic survey and on the remote sensing analysis.
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Makhaev, Maierbeck Ruslanovich. "Experimental Methods For Studying Toponyms (Through The Example Of The Toponym 'Moscow'." In International Scientific Congress «KNOWLEDGE, MAN AND CIVILIZATION». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.301.

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Berti, Camillo, and Massimiliano Grava. "L’uso della toponomastica come indicatore di insediamenti e strutture fortificate: il caso toscano." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11493.

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The use of toponymy as an indicator of settlements and fortified structures: the Tuscan caseThe purpose of this contribution is to analyze the spatial distribution of the place names referred to the Tuscan territory, to fortified structures and settlements, through the study of the place names recorded geodatabase RE.TO.RE. (Regional Toponymic Repertory) created by the Tuscany Region with the scientific contribution of the Universities of Pisa, Florence and Siena. The Tuscan toponyms has been the object of both a synchronic study within each of the cartographic sources that make up the geographical database, and a diachronic analysis between the temporal thresholds in which the archive is articulated. The database, extrapolated from cartographic supports, in fact covers a time span between the first decades of the nineteenth century (nineteenth century land registries) and the most recent information series produced in the regional context (Carta Tecnica Regionale). In the contribution, the place names related in various ways to different types of structures and fortified settlements, such as castle, fort, tower, fortress, has been analyzed both in relation to the distribution and spatial aspects, and in reference to their evolutionary dynamics (persistence, disappearance, transformation), with the aim of identifying possible relationships between the territory and the distribution in time and space of the different types of fortifications. From a methodological point of view, the study has been carried out, in addition to the traditional tools of the topomastic survey, especially taking advantage of the potential of spatial analysis functions typical of geographical information systems.
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Stryuchkova, Larisa N. "TOPONYMS OF THE WESTERN PART OF THE TAIMYR PENINSULA IN THE ASPECT OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT LANGUAGE GROUPS." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-208-210.

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Shtybin, Vitaliy V. "Circassian toponymy of the Krasnodar Territory." In RUCARR Conference. Malmö University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771608_11.

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Smith, David A., and Gideon S. Mann. "Bootstrapping toponym classifiers." In the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1119394.1119401.

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Garbin, Eric, and Inderjeet Mani. "Disambiguating toponyms in news." In the conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220575.1220621.

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Darheni, Nani. "Regional Toponymy in Cirebon Regency: An Ethnolinguistic Study." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amca-18.2018.158.

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Nuridinzoda, Mahbuba. "Toponyms of Tajikistan: Historical-Etymological and Lexical-Structural Analysis of Toponyms and Hydronyms." In Proceedings of the International Conference "Topical Problems of Philology and Didactics: Interdisciplinary Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences" (TPHD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/tphd-18.2019.63.

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Reports on the topic "Toponomy"

1

Freeman, R. Northern Aboriginal toponymy. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298544.

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Holm, G. F. Toponymy of Riding Mountain National Park. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298181.

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Wonders, W. C. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298189.

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Goldring, P. Whaling-era toponymy of Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298196.

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Wonders, W. C. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298253.

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Lapierre, A. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298292.

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Lapierre, A. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298323.

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Lapierre, A. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298362.

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Lapierre, A. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298393.

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Lapierre, A. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298420.

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