Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toponym

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Toponym'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 April 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Toponym"

1

Koroleva, Inna. "Regional Onomastic Vocabulary in Linguaculturological Studies." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (February 2021): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.6.10.

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The article considers the possibility of implementing an integrated approach to the representation of a toponym in reference systems and databases, taking its linguistic and cultural specifics into account. It is shown that their informative field contains both linguistic and encyclopedic information, it is revealed that various information is encoded in the basics of toponyms: historical, geographical, social, cultural, ethnographic, linguistic aspects. Based on the material of the toponyms of Smolensk region, which are included in the electronic information system "Toponymy of Russia", created at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the implementation of an integrated approach in the presentation of a meaningful plan of toponyms is demonstrated. Cultural codes, which are contained in toponyms and reflect the national and cultural specifics of geographical names are characterized: anthropomorphic, faunal, spiritual, industrial (landscape), topomorphic (hydromorphic), emotional and characteristic, and cases of combining different codes in one toponym are described. Special attention is paid to cultural codes reflected in toponymic units with the names of geographical objects of the Russian-Belarusian border area. As a result of the conducted research, it is proposed to include information about cultural codes in the description of toponyms and present it as a separate parameter in the information system "Toponymy of Russia", which will allow users to expand their knowledge about the nominated object and its national and cultural specifics.
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Dambuev, Igor A. "Unstressed a/o Vowels in Russian Toponyms: Sources of Variation." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 3 (2023): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.3.039.

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The article examines the sources of the unstressed a/o variation in Russian toponyms spelling. This type of variation is known from the works of previous researchers of Russian toponymy and is also presented in Russia’s State Index of Place Names (SIPN), namely in the category of toponyms requiring spelling clarification. The material of the study is constituted by toponyms from the SIPN with variation in the spelling of unstressed a/o. The sources of the study are normative legal acts of the subjects of the country and municipalities, reference books of political divisions, lists of settlements and topographic maps of the 18th–21st centuries. Using different methods of onomastic research such as the analysis of name variants, etymological analysis, geolinguistic analysis, etc., the following sources for spelling variation of toponyms are identified and illustrated with examples: the influence of local dialects, de-etymologization of toponyms, hypercorrection of toponyms, the use of practical transcription rules, oral adoption of borrowed toponyms, phonetization of toponyms. The main prerequisite for variation is the unstressed position of the a/o vowels. The influence of local dialects may affect the spelling of a toponym, particularly in the case of de-etymologization, but it is not mandatory. De-etymologization manifests itself in the loss of connection with a specific appellative or anthroponym the toponym derives from. Toponymic variation is aggravated in the case of a known variation in the spelling of the corresponding appellative or anthroponym. Hypercorrection results from the urge to render a toponym in some form that feels intuitively correct. Hypercorrection and phonetization ignore both the traditions of the use of the toponym and its linguistic origin. The use of practical transcription leads to variation in the toponyms borrowed into Russian, particularly if these have traditional spellings. In the case of oral adoption of borrowed toponyms, variation occurs because of the adaptation of unfamiliar phonemes. It is noted that variation is often complex, and de-etymologization plays a crucial role.
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Dybo, Anna V., Ali Muratuly Baibossyn, Kuanyshbek K. Kenzhalin, Gulzhanat A. Begimova, Bekzhan Abdualiuly, and Vyacheslav N. Khoninov. "Revisiting the Mongolian Stratum of Kazakh Place Names." Вопросы Ономастики 21, no. 1 (2024): 27–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2024.21.1.002.

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The study examines a representative sample of toponyms located in the territory of Kazakhstan, that can potentially be of Mongolian origin. These toponyms are classified into three categories: 1) settlement names (oikonyms), 2) water body names (hydronyms), and 3) geographical feature names (oronyms). In cases of duplicate toponyms (oikonym and oronym), precedence is given to the geographical feature name, following the most common direction of toponymic transfer. The analysis investigates the significance of Mongolian names in the Kazakh language, encompassing motivational, word-formational, and etymological aspects, and proposes new hypotheses of their origin while considering earlier theories. The authors identify the main challenges faced by etymologists and toponymists and review previous authors’ unsuccessful etymological solutions. Errors detected in the data include references to Russified place names borrowed into contemporary Kazakh, inattention to early toponym records, neglect of phonetic changes in Kazakh and Mongolian, as well as their relative chronology, and disregard of potential phonetic adaptation patterns that one could expect based on the phonological peculiarities of both the source and receiving languages. The study aims to categorise place names according to the time and source of borrowing, each name being evaluated based on whether it was initially borrowed as a toponym or an appellative word that later integrated a Kazakh toponym. The analysis concludes that Kazakh toponymy of Mongolian origin (i.e. place names that were borrowed as toponyms) is predominantly recent and associated with the borders of two historical Mongolian states — the Dzungar and Kalmyk khanates.
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Sirazitdinov, Z. A., and Y. M. Absalyamov. "CREATION OF A TOPONYMIC DATABASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN FOR GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS." Tiltanym 185, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2022-1-118-134.

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Toponyms are a valuable source of language learning in diachrony, they also carry the features of national culture, national identity. Their appearance, change and disappearance are associated with the development and change of certain phenomena of the historical process. However, the value of toponymic data is not limited to the value for science and cultural studies, they also have applied value: in solving national economic problems, in the development of tourism and the formation of a single integral tourist image of the region. Taking into account the relevance of toponymic data, the article discusses the principles of creation and structure of toponymic data in the Republic of Bahskortostan. When determining the structure of the base of toponymy itself, the authors of the article consider it necessary to determine the choice of the type of classification of toponymic material. In the article, based on the consideration of existing classifications of toponyms, a database is proposed that includes the following linguistic and non-linguistic information fields: toponym in Russian, toponym in Bashkir language, object class, object subclass (object type), etymology, variant of the object name (used in language of the local population), the etymology of the variant, the type of word formation, the nature of the nomination, documentation, administrative referencing, geographical coordinates, historical and cultural content, illustrative content. The authors of the article disclose the current state of the process of creating a database, determine the stages of the upcoming work.
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Litovkina, Anna M. "Grammatical and Semantic Word-Formation of Toponymic Derivatives (on the Material of the Toponym “CИБИPЬ”)." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001021.

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The paper presents morphemic-derivational structure of toponymic derivatives (toponymy-derived formations) of proper name “Cибирь”. In revealed derived words authors identify morphemes, specify the methods of their production, provide statistics on word-formation activity of morphemes in the process of secondary nomination of toponymy-derived appellatives. Based on regional material of dialectal dictionaries they define the peculiarities of toponym’s word-formation family of words, as well as its paradigmatic relations with derived categories. Horonym “Cибирь” is considered in the context of perception by regional linguistic persona in the national toponymic space. Examples of semantic toponymy-derived word-formation are given. Thereby, in Russian language world picture it is possible to identify a set of regionally marked background knowledge, perceptions of values as well as historical and cultural characteristics of the analyzed toponym.
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Bekenova, G. "THE PRINCIPLE OF NOMINATION IN ONOMASTICS." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2022-3.02.

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Today, determining the origin of names, distinguishing their semantics are one of the difficult and complex tasks facing toponomastics. Scientists, local historians and even amateurs who want to look into the life of the early era, yesterday, delve into toponymic facts, analyze their etymology and try to reveal the meaning of the local name. Each area of toponymy is studied at different levels. Currently, there is a need to develop a scientifically based methodology for the semantics of a toponym, including a substratum toponym. Considering that such a technique can be developed only with a comprehensive study of the semantics of toponyms in each territory, in each language, along with the general, specific features of toponyms, this article draws attention to the hydronyms reflecting the criticism of the object. Also, depending on the water quality, color, shape of the hydro-object, appearance and characteristics of plants, animals, etc., a group of general semantic models is determined. This commonality, along with the national, linguistic peculiarities of the peoples, makes the main nominational criticism of the satisfaction of their consumer abilities, taking into account the benefits of the hydro-object for a person.
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Tóth, Valéria. "Linguistic Prestige and Toponym Use at the Crossroads of Languages and Cultures." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 3 (2021): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.3.033.

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The paper focuses on the general problems of ethnic and linguistic contacts, and their impact on toponymic systems. To illustrate these, the author uses empirical evidence from medieval Hungarian charters originating from the Carpathian Basin, and touches upon some later language contacts in the same area. The guiding principle of the paper is provided by the topics included in the title. First, it discusses the notion of linguistic prestige and its interpretation with regard to toponyms and the linguistic situation of the medieval Carpathian Basin. The author showcases that linguistic prestige played a significant role both in toponym borrowing and toponym use, so as it influenced the practice of medieval charter writing. Secondly, the paper highlights some of the general theoretical considerations of name-giving and toponym use which are closely related to the issue at hand. These refer to the nature of relations between toponyms and culture, as well as toponyms and identity. Finally, it investigates the phenomenon of toponym borrowing and name integration, while outlining a possible model of toponomastic analysis in relation to the latter. This model provides both a descriptive (synchronic) and historical (diachronic) framework for studying toponym pairs of different languages at different stages of name integration. The author proposes a functional approach to this model through the analysis of Hungarian–German toponym pairs, but due to its universal categories, this theoretical framework is applicable to any two languages in contact and any historical periods.
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Kuzemina, Iuliia Vladimirovna. "The toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank"." Litera, no. 11 (November 2024): 327–34. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.11.72157.

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The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank". The subject of the study is a toponym as a nomination of a geographical object. The following methods were used in the research process: continuous sampling, field research, quantitative analysis, semantic analysis, functional analysis, contextual analysis. The result of this work is the compilation of classifications of toponyms included in the toponymic space of the novel "The Moscow Crank", based on the frequency of their use, the degree of reality / occasionality, semantics and the designated object. The field of application of the research results is fundamental and applied research in the field of philology. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank" is highlighted, and a comprehensive analysis of all toponyms used by the writer is carried out. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank" is highlighted, and a comprehensive analysis of all toponyms used by the writer is carried out. As a result of the work done, it was concluded that the core of the toponymic space of the novel is the toponym Moscow, which unites around itself numerous urbanonyms associated with this city and toponyms of various types, opposed to the core of the toponymy of the work. The results obtained can be used both in further research on the analysis of Moscow microtoponymy and macrotoponymy, and for the general analysis of the onomastic and, in particular, the toponymic system of the Russian language. The results of this study also reveal the peculiarities of the influence of extralinguistic factors, in particular, cultural and socio-political factors on the development and change of both the form and semantics of geographical names.
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Bekenova, G. "HYDRONYMS OF THE NORTHERN REGION TYPOLOGY." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2022-2.01.

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Etymological analysis in toponymy involves the disclosure of the semantics of the name. The semantic aspect of the study is of great importance. Although almost all research scientists are focused on the semantics of the name, this aspect has not yet been fully analyzed. Currently, there is a need to develop a reliable, scientifically based reasoned methodology in the study of the semantics of a toponym, including a substratum toponym. Such technique can be developed only with a comprehensive study of the semantics of toponyms in each territory, in each language, along with the general, specific features of toponyms. The methodology for determining these features of semantics can be implemented through a linguistic typology that has not yet been used in toponomastics. It is clear that the work on identifying typological similarities and differences in the semantics of the toponymic system should be carried out on the basis of a large amount of material. An attempt to compare the Turkic (Kazakh) and Russian hydronyms of the northern region of Kazakhstan in this aspect and create their semantic typology is a natural phenomenon. This article will concern the hydronyms of the northern region of Kazakhstan from the point of view of semantic typology and consider the etymology of substarate hydronyms.
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Zalialetdinov, Ilnur Faridovitch, and Anastasia Vladimirovna Ageeva. "Interpretation of fantasy toponyms in French-language translated literature." Philology. Theory & Practice 17, no. 12 (December 23, 2024): 4593–97. https://doi.org/10.30853/phil20240651.

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The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the transfer of fantasy toponyms in French-language translated literature. The article examines the toponymy of fiction of the fantasy genre, where, in addition to real-life geographical objects, there are author’s neologisms, the translation of which into a foreign language is fraught with significant difficulties. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that, for the first time, the key characteristics of the interpretation and recreation of toponymic units in fantasy literature are described and systematized on the basis of the French-language translations of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series of novels. As a result of the study, it was found that the actual strategies for the transfer of toponymy are exclusion and domestication, while the choice of specific linguistic means is directly correlated with both linguistic and non-linguistic characteristics of the unit. From the point of view of language, the etymology of the toponym is decisive, whereas the pragmatics of the unit is an extralinguistically significant factor. Considerable attention is paid to the semantics of lexical units and their correlation with reality, which often determine the choice of specific linguistic means of transmitting a fantasy toponym in French.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toponym"

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Leidner, Jochen Lothar. "Toponym resolution in text." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1849.

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Background. In the area of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a shared discipline between informatics and geography, the term geo-parsing is used to describe the process of identifying names in text, which in computational linguistics is known as named entity recognition and classification (NERC). The term geo-coding is used for the task of mapping from implicitly geo-referenced datasets (such as structured address records) to explicitly geo-referenced representations (e.g., using latitude and longitude). However, present-day GIS systems provide no automatic geo-coding functionality for unstructured text. In Information Extraction (IE), processing of named entities in text has traditionally been seen as a two-step process comprising a flat text span recognition sub-task and an atomic classification sub-task; relating the text span to a model of the world has been ignored by evaluations such as MUC or ACE (Chinchor (1998); U.S. NIST (2003)). However, spatial and temporal expressions refer to events in space-time, and the grounding of events is a precondition for accurate reasoning. Thus, automatic grounding can improve many applications such as automatic map drawing (e.g. for choosing a focus) and question answering (e.g. for questions like How far is London from Edinburgh?, given a story in which both occur and can be resolved). Whereas temporal grounding has received considerable attention in the recent past (Mani and Wilson (2000); Setzer (2001)), robust spatial grounding has long been neglected. Concentrating on geographic names for populated places, I define the task of automatic Toponym Resolution (TR) as computing the mapping from occurrences of names for places as found in a text to a representation of the extensional semantics of the location referred to (its referent), such as a geographic latitude/longitude footprint. The task of mapping from names to locations is hard due to insufficient and noisy databases, and a large degree of ambiguity: common words need to be distinguished from proper names (geo/non-geo ambiguity), and the mapping between names and locations is ambiguous (London can refer to the capital of the UK or to London, Ontario, Canada, or to about forty other Londons on earth). In addition, names of places and the boundaries referred to change over time, and databases are incomplete. Objective. I investigate how referentially ambiguous spatial named entities can be grounded, or resolved, with respect to an extensional coordinate model robustly on open-domain news text. I begin by comparing the few algorithms proposed in the literature, and, comparing semiformal, reconstructed descriptions of them, I factor out a shared repertoire of linguistic heuristics (e.g. rules, patterns) and extra-linguistic knowledge sources (e.g. population sizes). I then investigate how to combine these sources of evidence to obtain a superior method. I also investigate the noise effect introduced by the named entity tagging step that toponym resolution relies on in a sequential system pipeline architecture. Scope. In this thesis, I investigate a present-day snapshot of terrestrial geography as represented in the gazetteer defined and, accordingly, a collection of present-day news text. I limit the investigation to populated places; geo-coding of artifact names (e.g. airports or bridges), compositional geographic descriptions (e.g. 40 miles SW of London, near Berlin), for instance, is not attempted. Historic change is a major factor affecting gazetteer construction and ultimately toponym resolution. However, this is beyond the scope of this thesis. Method. While a small number of previous attempts have been made to solve the toponym resolution problem, these were either not evaluated, or evaluation was done by manual inspection of system output instead of curating a reusable reference corpus. Since the relevant literature is scattered across several disciplines (GIS, digital libraries, information retrieval, natural language processing) and descriptions of algorithms are mostly given in informal prose, I attempt to systematically describe them and aim at a reconstruction in a uniform, semi-formal pseudo-code notation for easier re-implementation. A systematic comparison leads to an inventory of heuristics and other sources of evidence. In order to carry out a comparative evaluation procedure, an evaluation resource is required. Unfortunately, to date no gold standard has been curated in the research community. To this end, a reference gazetteer and an associated novel reference corpus with human-labeled referent annotation are created. These are subsequently used to benchmark a selection of the reconstructed algorithms and a novel re-combination of the heuristics catalogued in the inventory. I then compare the performance of the same TR algorithms under three different conditions, namely applying it to the (i) output of human named entity annotation, (ii) automatic annotation using an existing Maximum Entropy sequence tagging model, and (iii) a na¨ıve toponym lookup procedure in a gazetteer. Evaluation. The algorithms implemented in this thesis are evaluated in an intrinsic or component evaluation. To this end, we define a task-specific matching criterion to be used with traditional Precision (P) and Recall (R) evaluation metrics. This matching criterion is lenient with respect to numerical gazetteer imprecision in situations where one toponym instance is marked up with different gazetteer entries in the gold standard and the test set, respectively, but where these refer to the same candidate referent, caused by multiple near-duplicate entries in the reference gazetteer. Main Contributions. The major contributions of this thesis are as follows: • A new reference corpus in which instances of location named entities have been manually annotated with spatial grounding information for populated places, and an associated reference gazetteer, from which the assigned candidate referents are chosen. This reference gazetteer provides numerical latitude/longitude coordinates (such as 51320 North, 0 50 West) as well as hierarchical path descriptions (such as London > UK) with respect to a world wide-coverage, geographic taxonomy constructed by combining several large, but noisy gazetteers. This corpus contains news stories and comprises two sub-corpora, a subset of the REUTERS RCV1 news corpus used for the CoNLL shared task (Tjong Kim Sang and De Meulder (2003)), and a subset of the Fourth Message Understanding Contest (MUC-4; Chinchor (1995)), both available pre-annotated with gold-standard. This corpus will be made available as a reference evaluation resource; • a new method and implemented system to resolve toponyms that is capable of robustly processing unseen text (open-domain online newswire text) and grounding toponym instances in an extensional model using longitude and latitude coordinates and hierarchical path descriptions, using internal (textual) and external (gazetteer) evidence; • an empirical analysis of the relative utility of various heuristic biases and other sources of evidence with respect to the toponym resolution task when analysing free news genre text; • a comparison between a replicated method as described in the literature, which functions as a baseline, and a novel algorithm based on minimality heuristics; and • several exemplary prototypical applications to show how the resulting toponym resolution methods can be used to create visual surrogates for news stories, a geographic exploration tool for news browsing, geographically-aware document retrieval and to answer spatial questions (How far...?) in an open-domain question answering system. These applications only have demonstrative character, as a thorough quantitative, task-based (extrinsic) evaluation of the utility of automatic toponym resolution is beyond the scope of this thesis and left for future work.
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Tóth, Valéria. "Hungarian digital toponym registry." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-180661.

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Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis. Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts. – Im Sommer 2010 wurde unter dem Namen Digitales Ungarisches Ortsverzeichnis ein Forschungsvorhaben begonnen mit dem langfristigen Ziel der Aufnahme und Analyse des vollständigen Ortsnameninventars des Karpatenbeckens. Das Programm wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Experten verschiedener ungarischer und ausländischer Einrichtungen aufgenommen, es möchte die Geschichte der Ortsnamen von den Anfängen bis heute untersuchen. Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis dient wissenschaftlichen Zwecken, kann aber gleichzeitig für ein allgemeines Publikum von Interesse sein. Die Datenbasis besteht aus zwei Teilen: das Moderne Ortsnamenverzeichnis enthält hauptsächlich Ortsnamen des 18. bis 20. Jahrhunderts, das Historische Ortsnamenverzeichnis erfasst Ortsnamen aus der Zeit bis 1350. Die zugrundeliegende Software-Architektur wird durch das 4D Datenbank-Management-System realisiert, das unter anderem über eine GIS- Komponente verfügt und damit die Visualisierung toponymischer Daten auf Karten ermöglicht: moderne toponymische Daten werden auf Fotografien von Google Earth projiziert, während historische Daten auf rekonstruierten mittelalterlichen Karten eingetragen werden. Dieser Beitrag möchte die allgemeinen und wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen des Digitalen Ungarischen Ortsverzeichnisses beschreiben und auf die bereits erreichten Resultate hinweisen. Das Ortsverzeichnis ist verfügbar unter http://mdh.unideb.hu.
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Buscaldi, Davide. "Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8912.

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In recent years, geography has acquired a great importance in the context of Information Retrieval (IR) and, in general, of the automated processing of information in text. Mobile devices that are able to surf the web and at the same time inform about their position are now a common reality, together with applications that can exploit this data to provide users with locally customised information, such as directions or advertisements. Therefore, it is important to deal properly with the geographic information that is included in electronic texts. The majority of such kind of information is contained as place names, or toponyms. Toponym ambiguity represents an important issue in Geographical Information Retrieval (GIR), due to the fact that queries are geographically constrained. There has been a struggle to nd speci c geographical IR methods that actually outperform traditional IR techniques. Toponym ambiguity may constitute a relevant factor in the inability of current GIR systems to take advantage from geographical knowledge. Recently, some Ph.D. theses have dealt with Toponym Disambiguation (TD) from di erent perspectives, from the development of resources for the evaluation of Toponym Disambiguation (Leidner (2007)) to the use of TD to improve geographical scope resolution (Andogah (2010)). The Ph.D. thesis presented here introduces a TD method based on WordNet and carries out a detailed study of the relationship of Toponym Disambiguation to some IR applications, such as GIR, Question Answering (QA) and Web retrieval. The work presented in this thesis starts with an introduction to the applications in which TD may result useful, together with an analysis of the ambiguity of toponyms in news collections. It could not be possible to study the ambiguity of toponyms without studying the resources that are used as placename repositories; these resources are the equivalent to language dictionaries, which provide the di erent meanings of a given word.
Buscaldi, D. (2010). Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8912
Palancia
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4

Eichler, Ernst. "Das slawisch-deutsche Toponym in lexikographischer Sicht." Gesellschaft für Namenkunde e.V, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31438.

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The author presents dictionaries of toponyms from the Slavic-German borderland. The conceptions of German, Czech and Polish dictionaries are presented. He considers the method of toponym-settlement identification better and more transparent than the method of establishing one entry and common linguistic explanation for names of varied origin. The author emphasizes the necessity for research of related names from the various Slavic languages.
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Tóth, Valéria. "Hungarian digital toponym registry: results of a research programme." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13573.

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Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis. Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts. – Im Sommer 2010 wurde unter dem Namen Digitales Ungarisches Ortsverzeichnis ein Forschungsvorhaben begonnen mit dem langfristigen Ziel der Aufnahme und Analyse des vollständigen Ortsnameninventars des Karpatenbeckens. Das Programm wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Experten verschiedener ungarischer und ausländischer Einrichtungen aufgenommen, es möchte die Geschichte der Ortsnamen von den Anfängen bis heute untersuchen. Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis dient wissenschaftlichen Zwecken, kann aber gleichzeitig für ein allgemeines Publikum von Interesse sein. Die Datenbasis besteht aus zwei Teilen: das Moderne Ortsnamenverzeichnis enthält hauptsächlich Ortsnamen des 18. bis 20. Jahrhunderts, das Historische Ortsnamenverzeichnis erfasst Ortsnamen aus der Zeit bis 1350. Die zugrundeliegende Software-Architektur wird durch das 4D Datenbank-Management-System realisiert, das unter anderem über eine GIS- Komponente verfügt und damit die Visualisierung toponymischer Daten auf Karten ermöglicht: moderne toponymische Daten werden auf Fotografien von Google Earth projiziert, während historische Daten auf rekonstruierten mittelalterlichen Karten eingetragen werden. Dieser Beitrag möchte die allgemeinen und wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen des Digitalen Ungarischen Ortsverzeichnisses beschreiben und auf die bereits erreichten Resultate hinweisen. Das Ortsverzeichnis ist verfügbar unter http://mdh.unideb.hu.
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Phillips, Olena. "Russian and Ukrainian Adjectives Referring to Place-names: a Contrastive Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193392.

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This thesis examines linguistic similarities and differences between the Russian and Ukrainian languages regarding the word formation of adjectives referring to place names (toponyms). Using contrastive analysis for analyzing the database composed of approximately 1500 shared toponyms, information is presented revealing the use of appropriate derivational paradigms. Tables are provided illustrating important characteristics of toponym stem-endings and the acquisition of their corresponding suffixes. This information culminates in a better understanding of the proper use within each language for the 25 Russian and 18 Ukrainian suffixes used in the derivational models, and its application within language. Analyzing derivational paradigms of these two investigated languages, I found 15 similar and 7 different models resulting from the word formation process. This information brings a clearer picture for both languages on how derivational paradigms are used in the proper formation of adjectives.
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Hengst, Karlheinz. "Der Name Leipzig als Hinweis auf Gegend mit Wasserreichtum." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-145209.

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The article continues to discuss the origins and the history of the Saxon place name Leipzig. Several questions are under scrutiny. Starting out from recent research which gives the oldest historical evidence of the place name Leipzig as Lib-, it deals with certain new doubts regarding explanations that try to date the origins of the place name in pre-monolingual times. The question whether one can assume an original Slavonic form to the Slavonic root *lib- is dealt with in detail. The results of this discourse are: Today’s research cannot give a satisfactory explanation that the primary place name is derived from Slavonic. Furthermore, the hypothesis of an existing pre-monolingual form is newly evaluated. In this regard also the formerly existing geographical setting of the area around Leipzig is considered as the deciding motive in naming the place.
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Massala, Marius. "Recherche intelligente d'informations géographiques à partir des toponymes, des métadonnées et d'une ontologie : application aux forêts du Bassin congolais." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944973.

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Classées parmi les forêts tropicales, les forêts du bassin du Congo constituent un immense sanctuaire écologique digne de conservation que l'on classe juste derrière l'Amazonie en Amérique du sud. Le développement des États financé à grands budget, conjugué à l'urbanisation galopante et à l'augmentation de la population, s'accompagnent de problèmes environnementaux qui se posent avec acuité. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrivent nos travaux de thèse. Notre objectif a été de proposer une méthodologie qui vise à mettre en place un mécanisme de recherche des informations via internet pour les pays de cette région. L'utilisation des métadonnées, des toponymes et d'une ontologie a paru l'une des pistes potentielles pouvant aider à la résolution des problèmes rencontrés dans le suivi de la dynamique des objets spatiaux ainsi que l'accès efficace à des ressources informationnelles. A la différence des autres modèles, celui que nous proposons lie la dynamique spatio-temporelle des objets à celle de leurs toponymes et permet la description des ressources informationnelles à partir de mots clé provenant de l'ontologie et de l'index des toponymes.
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Drummond, Peter John. "An analysis of toponyms and toponymic patterns in eight parishes of the upper Kelvin basin." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5270/.

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This thesis examines a small but unfashionable area of Scotland, invisible to tourist guidebooks, heavily urbanised, and whose towns have won environmental ‘Carbuncle awards’ from the Scottish media. Yet it is deep in Gaelic and Scots place-names which reveal a landscape that past inhabitants perceived to be a green and relatively pleasant land, if perhaps not flowing with milk and honey. Part Three belies its numeration, in that it is the core of the study, examining in detail the place-names of eight (modern) parishes, listing old forms and attempting a sound etymology for each. Part One, based on the data gathered for Part Three, attempts to seek patterns among these names, both between and within the languages concerned. Inter alia, it seeks to explore the degree to which the choice of elements for a particular name, from any language’s toponymicon, is conditioned by cultural, political and social influences ranging from feudal and parochial authorities, through the influence of Scots-speaking merchants, to onomastic local farming customs. The lessons derived from Part One were then used to shed light on some etymologies in Part Three: and hopefully will be of value to researchers in other areas of the country.
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Vargas, Rosa Nathalie Portugal. "Identificação da cobertura espacial de documentos usando mineração de textos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-07122012-142831/.

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Atualmente, é comum que usuários levem em consideração a localização geográfica dos documentos, é dizer considerar o escopo geográfico que está sendo tratado no contexto do documento, nos processos de Recuperação de Informação. No entanto, os sistemas convencionais de extração de informação que estão baseados em palavras-chave não consideram que as palavras podem representar entidades geográficas espacialmente relacionadas com outras entidades nos documentos. Para resolver esse problema, é necessário viabilizar o georreferenciamento dos textos, ou seja, identificar as entidades geográficas presentes e associá-las com sua correta localização espacial. A identificação e desambiguação das entidades geográficas apresenta desafios importantes, principalmente do ponto de vista linguístico, já que um topônimo, pode possuir variados tipos de ambiguidade associados. Esse problema de ambiguidade causa ruido nos processos de recuperação de informação, já que o mesmo termo pode ter informação relevante ou irrelevante associada. Assim, a principal estratégia para superar os problemas de ambiguidade, compreende a identificação de evidências que auxiliem na identificação e desambiguação das localidades nos textos. O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia que permite identificar e determinar a cobertura espacial dos documentos, denominada SpatialCIM. A metodologia SpatialCIM tem o objetivo de organizar os processos de resolução de topônimos. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e selecionar técnicas de desambiguação que permitam resolver a ambiguidade dos topônimos nos textos. Para isso, foram propostas e desenvolvidas as abordagens de (1)Desambiguação por Pontos e a (2)Desambiguação Textual e Estrutural. Essas abordagens, exploram duas técnicas diferentes de desambiguação de topônimos, as quais, geram e desambiguam os caminhos geográficos associados aos topônimos reconhecidos para cada documento. Assim, a hipótese desta pesquisa é que o uso das técnicas de desambiguação de topônimos viabilizam uma melhor localização espacial dos documentos. A partir dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, foi possível demonstrar que as técnicas de desambiguação melhoram a precisão e revocação na classificação espacial dos documentos. Demonstrou-se também o impacto positivo do uso de uma ferramenta linguística no processo de reconhecimento das entidades geográficas. Assim, foi demostrada a utilidade dos processos de desambiguação para a obtenção da cobertura espacial dos documentos
Currently, it is usual that users take into account the geographical localization of the documents in the Information Retrieval process. However, the conventional information retrieval systems based on key-word matching do not consider which words can represent geographical entities that are spatially related to other entities in the documents. To solve this problem, it is necessary to enable the geo-referencing of texts by identifying the geographical entities present in text and associate them with their correct spatial location. The identification and disambiguation of the geographical entities present major challenges mainly from the linguistic point of view, since one location can have different types of associated ambiguity. The ambiguity problem causes noise in the process of information retrieval, since the same term may have relevant or irrelevant information associated. Thus, the main strategy to overcome these problems, include the identification of evidence to assist in the identification and disambiguation of locations in the texts. This study proposes a methodology that allows the identification and spatial localization of the documents, denominated SpatialCIM. The SpatialCIM methodology has the objective to organize the Topônym Resolution process. Therefore the main objective of this study is to evaluate and select disambiguation techniques that allow solving the toponym ambiguity in texts. Therefore, we proposed and developed the approaches of (1) Disambiguation for Points and (2) Textual and Structural Disambiguation. These approaches exploit two different techniques of toponym disambiguation, which generate and desambiguate the associated paths with the recognized geographical toponym for each document. Therefore the hypothesis is, that the use of the toponyms disambiguation techniques enable a better spatial localization of documents. From the results it was possible to demonstrate that the disambiguation techniques improve the precision and recall for the spatial classification of documents. The positive effect of using a linguistic tool for the process of geographical entities recognition was also demonstrated. Thus, it was proved the usefulness of the disambiguation process for obtaining a spatial coverage of the document
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Books on the topic "Toponym"

1

Leidner, Jochen L. Toponym resolution in text: Annotation, evaluation and applications of spatial grounding of place names. Boca Raton: Dissertation.com, 2007.

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Coates, Richard. Toponymic topics: Essays on the early toponymy of the British Isles. Brighton: Younsmere, 1988.

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Fernández, Antonio Ma Castaño. Los nombres de La Serena: Estudios de toponimia extremeña. Merida, Badajoz: Editora Regional de Extremadura, 1998.

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Pariwisata, Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta (Indonesia :. Daerah Istimewa) Dinas. Toponim Kota Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Dinas Pariwisata, Seni dan Budaya Kota Yogyakarta, 2007.

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Elvian, Akhmad. Toponim kota Pangkalpinang. 2nd ed. Pangkalpinang: Dinas Kebudayaan, Pariwisata, Pemuda dan Olahraga, 2011.

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Xasiyev, Ziräddin Äsgär oğlu. Tovuzun toponim dünyası. 2nd ed. Bakı: Elm vä Tähsil, 2010.

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Jean-Charles, Herbin, and Tamine Michel, eds. Espace représenté, espace dénommé: Géographie, cartographie, toponymie : [actes du colloque, Reims, 13-15 octobre 2005] ; études réunies par Jean-Charles Herbin et Michel Tamine. Valenciennes: Presses universitaires de Valenciennes, 2007.

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author, Rácz Anita, Tóth Valéria author, and Venkovits Balázs translator, eds. History of Hungarian toponyms. Hamburg?]: Buske, 2017.

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Aymard, R. Toponymie pyrénéenne. Uzos, Jurancon [France]: R. Aymard, 1988.

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Torosi͡an, Khosrov. Toponim "Somkhiti" v gruzinskikh pervoistochnikakh. Erevan: Izd-vo "Ėnt͡siklopedii͡a-Armenika", 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Toponym"

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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Toponym." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 1168. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1398.

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Fowler, Madeline E. "Toponym glossary." In Aboriginal Maritime Landscapes in South Australia, 185. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Archaeology and indigenous peoples: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351243773-9.

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Ireson, Neil, and Fabio Ciravegna. "Toponym Resolution in Social Media." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 370–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17746-0_24.

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Dahinden, Tobias. "Towards a Spatial Analysis of Toponym Endings." In Cartography from Pole to Pole, 369–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32618-9_26.

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Batista, David S., João D. Ferreira, Francisco M. Couto, and Mário J. Silva. "Toponym Disambiguation Using Ontology-Based Semantic Similarity." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 179–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28885-2_20.

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Habib, Mena B., and Maurice van Keulen. "Improving Toponym Extraction and Disambiguation Using Feedback Loop." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 439–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31753-8_39.

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Gelbukh, Alexander, Serguei Levachkine, and Sang-Yong Han. "Resolving Ambiguities in Toponym Recognition in Cartographic Maps." In Graphics Recognition. Recent Advances and Perspectives, 75–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25977-0_7.

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Hu, You-Heng, and Linlin Ge. "A Supervised Machine Learning Approach to Toponym Disambiguation." In Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing, 117–28. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-827-2_11.

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Lenc, Ladislav, Jiří Martínek, Josef Baloun, Martin Prantl, and Pavel Král. "Historical Map Toponym Extraction for Efficient Information Retrieval." In Document Analysis Systems, 171–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06555-2_12.

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Storm, Karli-Jo T. "The "Ultimate Toponym" and National Imaginaries in Georgia and Azerbaijan." In Encountering Toponymic Geopolitics, 29–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003293057-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Toponym"

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yang, manzhen. "BiC2V-NFLAT: Chinese toponym recognition based on Bi-Char2Vec and non-flat-lattice transformer." In 4th International Conference on Internet of Things and Smart City, edited by Xinwei Yao and Francisco Falcone, 6. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3034819.

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Kovlakas, Elena, and Mariet Akhidzhakova. "Culture value-based paradigm in the toponymy of a multicultural region." In Human resource management within the framework of realisation of national development goals and strategic objectives. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.qejy4004.

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In the toponymic picture of the world, toponyms are bearers of meanings. At the same time, it should be noted that both logical (universal) and idioethnic information can be embedded in them at the same time, therefore, toponyms acquire special linguistic and cultural significance, by combining universal and idioethnic reflection of Space. Initially, the toponymic concept of "Space" in the toponymy of Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea was associated with the idea of time, structurally constituting it and fixed in the concept of "Time". Sacred and mythologized objects of Space organize it in time and consolidated in the culture of the folk that gives toponyms. The mythological archaic consciousness defined the center of Space – Human – and ordered its tribal territory, by reflecting the horizontal and vertical models of Space construction. In the toponymic concept of "Time", the figurative and value component is fixed, on the one hand, the semantic field includes the properties of the surrounding world reflected by the human consciousness, and on the other hand, it fixes in the toponym the ability of consciousness to reflect the surrounding world. In this study, we have set the comprehensive analysis of the conceptualization of time in the toponymy of a multicultural region as the objective. To implement this objective, a group of authors used a component method of linguistic analysis.
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Pecci, Antonio, and Ida Campanile. "Aontia: un antico toponimo dalle Mappe Aragonesi." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11436.

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Aontia: an ancient toponym from the Aragon mapsThe Aragon geographical maps represent the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Naples. they date back to the second half of the fifteenth century, probably some of them or some copies were subsequently modified or updated. These ancient maps were rediscovered about thirty years ago in the State Archives of Naples and in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris, and they have been under study for some years. They are unfortunately still little used in the scientific field, although several contributions have demonstrated their validity as an investigation tool thanks to their undoubted information potential. In fact, thanks to the very high degree of characterization of these maps it is possible to advance hypotheses and considerations of a historical-archaeological nature of the territories they represent. It is often toponymic analysis that offers insights and guides the early stages of research: toponyms relating to natural and anthropic elements inform about landscapes rich of medieval and classical references. The case study proposed here relates to the toponym Aontia, located on the Aragon maps near the centers of the Basilicata of Cirigliano and Gorgoglione. It is a place currently unidentified and not attested in any medieval or modern source; its toponym may refer to some references relating to an epithet of the well-known Greek divinity Artemis and to the presence of a sanctuary dedicated to it or to an ancient settlement. Starting from the analysis of the toponym Aontia, a localization proposal will be carried out based on the etymological and historical study, on the topographic survey and on the remote sensing analysis.
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Smith, David A., and Gideon S. Mann. "Bootstrapping toponym classifiers." In the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1119394.1119401.

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Makhaev, Maierbeck Ruslanovich. "Experimental Methods For Studying Toponyms (Through The Example Of The Toponym 'Moscow'." In International Scientific Congress «KNOWLEDGE, MAN AND CIVILIZATION». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.301.

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Chivu, Gheorghe. "Place names in old Romanian texts. Between cultural model and administrative constraints." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/33.

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Research on old Romanian texts, religious or non-religious translations, original writings underlying acts of culture or administrative records, documentary sources authored by Romanians or foreigners (missionaries or mere travellers fascinated by various aspects of Romanian space) brings to the foreground a significant number of toponyms for anyone interested in this onomastic variety. The toponyms in question mainly include names of settlements, provinces, and countries, as well as names of important landforms, most of which are real and can be located. Often recorded as phonetic variants linked to different geographical areas or stages in the evolution of language or influenced by the graphical form of their source and one’s knowledge of the Romanian language, thus with morphological and lexical structures determined by the adaptation, translation or calque of a toponym from a foreign language, many place names recorded are linked to the same referent. Therefore, they are genuine toponymic synonyms. Depending on the type of source, place names in old Romanian texts illustrate a model or cultural attitude, while they may also provide useful information regarding the administrative constraints manifested in specific historical ages or in several provinces of Dacoromanian space.
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Tang, Xuri, Xiaohe Chen, and Minxuan Peng. "Toponym Resolution in discourse." In 2008 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering (NLP-KE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nlpke.2008.4906777.

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Brunner, Tobias Josef, and Ross Stuart Purves. "Spatial autocorrelation and toponym ambiguity." In Proceeding of the 2nd international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1460007.1460013.

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Dilek Onal, Kezban, Pinar Karagoz, and Ruket Cakici. "Toponym recognition on Turkish tweets." In 2014 22nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2014.6830590.

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Kovlakas, Elena. "Ethnolinguistic contacts as a factor in the formation of a human resource (on the example of a toponymic world picture of a multicultural region)." In Human resource management within the framework of realisation of national development goals and strategic objectives. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.tbzu1287.

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While the studying of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea toponymy, different academic researchers state two groups of problems: on the one hand, historical and ethnographic in nature, and on the other hand, purely linguistic – the problem of translation. This article presents the author’s own approach to the study of toponymy of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea. The intensity of the settlement of the southern region made it attractive for the study of toponymic names. The departure or complete disappearance of ethnic groups was fixed in toponyms: the names either disappeared completely or were assimilated into the language of the conquering people. The conceptualization of reality, fixed in the language and transmitted from generation to generation, is reflected in the national picture of the world. If conceptualization occurs through toponymic material, it makes sense to talk about a toponymic picture of the world. Exploring the toponymic picture of the world, the author came to the conclusion that the toponymic world picture itself is a concept, and its plan of expression (signs) includes toponyms (toponymic concepts) that consolidate knowledge about the surrounding world in the minds of ethnic groups. The system of toponyms’ meanings itself is in direct interaction with the culture of the nominating people and the mentality of the people. In this particular article, the author sets the task of analyzing toponymic studies of a multicultural region. In order to implement the task, general scientific methods of linguistic analysis were used: descriptive and comparative.
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Reports on the topic "Toponym"

1

Freeman, R. Northern Aboriginal toponymy. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298544.

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Kerfoot, H. Native toponyms - pilot project 1990. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298382.

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Holm, G. F. Toponymy of Riding Mountain National Park. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298181.

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Ball, J. R. Ontario Toponymic Database. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298581.

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Wills, D. Halifax - toponymic tidbits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298631.

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Nolette, C. Situation automatique d'un toponyme dans sa municipalité. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298204.

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Wonders, W. C. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298189.

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Goldring, P. Whaling-era toponymy of Cumberland Sound, Baffin Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298196.

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Wonders, W. C. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298225.

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Wonders, W. C. Report of the Advisory Committee on Toponymy Research. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298253.

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