Dissertations / Theses: 'Toponym'

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Leidner, Jochen Lothar. "Toponym resolution in text." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1849.

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Background. In the area of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a shared discipline between informatics and geography, the term geo-parsing is used to describe the process of identifying names in text, which in computational linguistics is known as named entity recognition and classification (NERC). The term geo-coding is used for the task of mapping from implicitly geo-referenced datasets (such as structured address records) to explicitly geo-referenced representations (e.g., using latitude and longitude). However, present-day GIS systems provide no automatic geo-coding functionality for unstructured text. In Information Extraction (IE), processing of named entities in text has traditionally been seen as a two-step process comprising a flat text span recognition sub-task and an atomic classification sub-task; relating the text span to a model of the world has been ignored by evaluations such as MUC or ACE (Chinchor (1998); U.S. NIST (2003)). However, spatial and temporal expressions refer to events in space-time, and the grounding of events is a precondition for accurate reasoning. Thus, automatic grounding can improve many applications such as automatic map drawing (e.g. for choosing a focus) and question answering (e.g. for questions like How far is London from Edinburgh?, given a story in which both occur and can be resolved). Whereas temporal grounding has received considerable attention in the recent past (Mani and Wilson (2000); Setzer (2001)), robust spatial grounding has long been neglected. Concentrating on geographic names for populated places, I define the task of automatic Toponym Resolution (TR) as computing the mapping from occurrences of names for places as found in a text to a representation of the extensional semantics of the location referred to (its referent), such as a geographic latitude/longitude footprint. The task of mapping from names to locations is hard due to insufficient and noisy databases, and a large degree of ambiguity: common words need to be distinguished from proper names (geo/non-geo ambiguity), and the mapping between names and locations is ambiguous (London can refer to the capital of the UK or to London, Ontario, Canada, or to about forty other Londons on earth). In addition, names of places and the boundaries referred to change over time, and databases are incomplete. Objective. I investigate how referentially ambiguous spatial named entities can be grounded, or resolved, with respect to an extensional coordinate model robustly on open-domain news text. I begin by comparing the few algorithms proposed in the literature, and, comparing semiformal, reconstructed descriptions of them, I factor out a shared repertoire of linguistic heuristics (e.g. rules, patterns) and extra-linguistic knowledge sources (e.g. population sizes). I then investigate how to combine these sources of evidence to obtain a superior method. I also investigate the noise effect introduced by the named entity tagging step that toponym resolution relies on in a sequential system pipeline architecture. Scope. In this thesis, I investigate a present-day snapshot of terrestrial geography as represented in the gazetteer defined and, accordingly, a collection of present-day news text. I limit the investigation to populated places; geo-coding of artifact names (e.g. airports or bridges), compositional geographic descriptions (e.g. 40 miles SW of London, near Berlin), for instance, is not attempted. Historic change is a major factor affecting gazetteer construction and ultimately toponym resolution. However, this is beyond the scope of this thesis. Method. While a small number of previous attempts have been made to solve the toponym resolution problem, these were either not evaluated, or evaluation was done by manual inspection of system output instead of curating a reusable reference corpus. Since the relevant literature is scattered across several disciplines (GIS, digital libraries, information retrieval, natural language processing) and descriptions of algorithms are mostly given in informal prose, I attempt to systematically describe them and aim at a reconstruction in a uniform, semi-formal pseudo-code notation for easier re-implementation. A systematic comparison leads to an inventory of heuristics and other sources of evidence. In order to carry out a comparative evaluation procedure, an evaluation resource is required. Unfortunately, to date no gold standard has been curated in the research community. To this end, a reference gazetteer and an associated novel reference corpus with human-labeled referent annotation are created. These are subsequently used to benchmark a selection of the reconstructed algorithms and a novel re-combination of the heuristics catalogued in the inventory. I then compare the performance of the same TR algorithms under three different conditions, namely applying it to the (i) output of human named entity annotation, (ii) automatic annotation using an existing Maximum Entropy sequence tagging model, and (iii) a na¨ıve toponym lookup procedure in a gazetteer. Evaluation. The algorithms implemented in this thesis are evaluated in an intrinsic or component evaluation. To this end, we define a task-specific matching criterion to be used with traditional Precision (P) and Recall (R) evaluation metrics. This matching criterion is lenient with respect to numerical gazetteer imprecision in situations where one toponym instance is marked up with different gazetteer entries in the gold standard and the test set, respectively, but where these refer to the same candidate referent, caused by multiple near-duplicate entries in the reference gazetteer. Main Contributions. The major contributions of this thesis are as follows: • A new reference corpus in which instances of location named entities have been manually annotated with spatial grounding information for populated places, and an associated reference gazetteer, from which the assigned candidate referents are chosen. This reference gazetteer provides numerical latitude/longitude coordinates (such as 51320 North, 0 50 West) as well as hierarchical path descriptions (such as London > UK) with respect to a world wide-coverage, geographic taxonomy constructed by combining several large, but noisy gazetteers. This corpus contains news stories and comprises two sub-corpora, a subset of the REUTERS RCV1 news corpus used for the CoNLL shared task (Tjong Kim Sang and De Meulder (2003)), and a subset of the Fourth Message Understanding Contest (MUC-4; Chinchor (1995)), both available pre-annotated with gold-standard. This corpus will be made available as a reference evaluation resource; • a new method and implemented system to resolve toponyms that is capable of robustly processing unseen text (open-domain online newswire text) and grounding toponym instances in an extensional model using longitude and latitude coordinates and hierarchical path descriptions, using internal (textual) and external (gazetteer) evidence; • an empirical analysis of the relative utility of various heuristic biases and other sources of evidence with respect to the toponym resolution task when analysing free news genre text; • a comparison between a replicated method as described in the literature, which functions as a baseline, and a novel algorithm based on minimality heuristics; and • several exemplary prototypical applications to show how the resulting toponym resolution methods can be used to create visual surrogates for news stories, a geographic exploration tool for news browsing, geographically-aware document retrieval and to answer spatial questions (How far...?) in an open-domain question answering system. These applications only have demonstrative character, as a thorough quantitative, task-based (extrinsic) evaluation of the utility of automatic toponym resolution is beyond the scope of this thesis and left for future work.

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Tóth, Valéria. "Hungarian digital toponym registry." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-180661.

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Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis. Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts. – Im Sommer 2010 wurde unter dem Namen Digitales Ungarisches Ortsverzeichnis ein Forschungsvorhaben begonnen mit dem langfristigen Ziel der Aufnahme und Analyse des vollständigen Ortsnameninventars des Karpatenbeckens. Das Programm wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Experten verschiedener ungarischer und ausländischer Einrichtungen aufgenommen, es möchte die Geschichte der Ortsnamen von den Anfängen bis heute untersuchen. Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis dient wissenschaftlichen Zwecken, kann aber gleichzeitig für ein allgemeines Publikum von Interesse sein. Die Datenbasis besteht aus zwei Teilen: das Moderne Ortsnamenverzeichnis enthält hauptsächlich Ortsnamen des 18. bis 20. Jahrhunderts, das Historische Ortsnamenverzeichnis erfasst Ortsnamen aus der Zeit bis 1350. Die zugrundeliegende Software-Architektur wird durch das 4D Datenbank-Management-System realisiert, das unter anderem über eine GIS- Komponente verfügt und damit die Visualisierung toponymischer Daten auf Karten ermöglicht: moderne toponymische Daten werden auf Fotografien von Google Earth projiziert, während historische Daten auf rekonstruierten mittelalterlichen Karten eingetragen werden. Dieser Beitrag möchte die allgemeinen und wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen des Digitalen Ungarischen Ortsverzeichnisses beschreiben und auf die bereits erreichten Resultate hinweisen. Das Ortsverzeichnis ist verfügbar unter http://mdh.unideb.hu.

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Buscaldi, Davide. "Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8912.

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In recent years, geography has acquired a great importance in the context of Information Retrieval (IR) and, in general, of the automated processing of information in text. Mobile devices that are able to surf the web and at the same time inform about their position are now a common reality, together with applications that can exploit this data to provide users with locally customised information, such as directions or advertisements. Therefore, it is important to deal properly with the geographic information that is included in electronic texts. The majority of such kind of information is contained as place names, or toponyms. Toponym ambiguity represents an important issue in Geographical Information Retrieval (GIR), due to the fact that queries are geographically constrained. There has been a struggle to nd speci c geographical IR methods that actually outperform traditional IR techniques. Toponym ambiguity may constitute a relevant factor in the inability of current GIR systems to take advantage from geographical knowledge. Recently, some Ph.D. theses have dealt with Toponym Disambiguation (TD) from di erent perspectives, from the development of resources for the evaluation of Toponym Disambiguation (Leidner (2007)) to the use of TD to improve geographical scope resolution (Andogah (2010)). The Ph.D. thesis presented here introduces a TD method based on WordNet and carries out a detailed study of the relationship of Toponym Disambiguation to some IR applications, such as GIR, Question Answering (QA) and Web retrieval. The work presented in this thesis starts with an introduction to the applications in which TD may result useful, together with an analysis of the ambiguity of toponyms in news collections. It could not be possible to study the ambiguity of toponyms without studying the resources that are used as placename repositories; these resources are the equivalent to language dictionaries, which provide the di erent meanings of a given word.
Buscaldi, D. (2010). Toponym Disambiguation in Information Retrieval [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8912
Palancia

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Eichler, Ernst. "Das slawisch-deutsche Toponym in lexikographischer Sicht." Gesellschaft für Namenkunde e.V, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31438.

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The author presents dictionaries of toponyms from the Slavic-German borderland. The conceptions of German, Czech and Polish dictionaries are presented. He considers the method of toponym-settlement identification better and more transparent than the method of establishing one entry and common linguistic explanation for names of varied origin. The author emphasizes the necessity for research of related names from the various Slavic languages.

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Tóth, Valéria. "Hungarian digital toponym registry: results of a research programme." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13573.

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Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis. Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts. – Im Sommer 2010 wurde unter dem Namen Digitales Ungarisches Ortsverzeichnis ein Forschungsvorhaben begonnen mit dem langfristigen Ziel der Aufnahme und Analyse des vollständigen Ortsnameninventars des Karpatenbeckens. Das Programm wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Experten verschiedener ungarischer und ausländischer Einrichtungen aufgenommen, es möchte die Geschichte der Ortsnamen von den Anfängen bis heute untersuchen. Das Digitale Ungarische Ortsverzeichnis dient wissenschaftlichen Zwecken, kann aber gleichzeitig für ein allgemeines Publikum von Interesse sein. Die Datenbasis besteht aus zwei Teilen: das Moderne Ortsnamenverzeichnis enthält hauptsächlich Ortsnamen des 18. bis 20. Jahrhunderts, das Historische Ortsnamenverzeichnis erfasst Ortsnamen aus der Zeit bis 1350. Die zugrundeliegende Software-Architektur wird durch das 4D Datenbank-Management-System realisiert, das unter anderem über eine GIS- Komponente verfügt und damit die Visualisierung toponymischer Daten auf Karten ermöglicht: moderne toponymische Daten werden auf Fotografien von Google Earth projiziert, während historische Daten auf rekonstruierten mittelalterlichen Karten eingetragen werden. Dieser Beitrag möchte die allgemeinen und wissenschaftlichen Zielsetzungen des Digitalen Ungarischen Ortsverzeichnisses beschreiben und auf die bereits erreichten Resultate hinweisen. Das Ortsverzeichnis ist verfügbar unter http://mdh.unideb.hu.

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Phillips, Olena. "Russian and Ukrainian Adjectives Referring to Place-names: a Contrastive Analysis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193392.

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This thesis examines linguistic similarities and differences between the Russian and Ukrainian languages regarding the word formation of adjectives referring to place names (toponyms). Using contrastive analysis for analyzing the database composed of approximately 1500 shared toponyms, information is presented revealing the use of appropriate derivational paradigms. Tables are provided illustrating important characteristics of toponym stem-endings and the acquisition of their corresponding suffixes. This information culminates in a better understanding of the proper use within each language for the 25 Russian and 18 Ukrainian suffixes used in the derivational models, and its application within language. Analyzing derivational paradigms of these two investigated languages, I found 15 similar and 7 different models resulting from the word formation process. This information brings a clearer picture for both languages on how derivational paradigms are used in the proper formation of adjectives.

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Hengst, Karlheinz. "Der Name Leipzig als Hinweis auf Gegend mit Wasserreichtum." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-145209.

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The article continues to discuss the origins and the history of the Saxon place name Leipzig. Several questions are under scrutiny. Starting out from recent research which gives the oldest historical evidence of the place name Leipzig as Lib-, it deals with certain new doubts regarding explanations that try to date the origins of the place name in pre-monolingual times. The question whether one can assume an original Slavonic form to the Slavonic root *lib- is dealt with in detail. The results of this discourse are: Today’s research cannot give a satisfactory explanation that the primary place name is derived from Slavonic. Furthermore, the hypothesis of an existing pre-monolingual form is newly evaluated. In this regard also the formerly existing geographical setting of the area around Leipzig is considered as the deciding motive in naming the place.

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Massala, Marius. "Recherche intelligente d'informations géographiques à partir des toponymes, des métadonnées et d'une ontologie : application aux forêts du Bassin congolais." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944973.

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Classées parmi les forêts tropicales, les forêts du bassin du Congo constituent un immense sanctuaire écologique digne de conservation que l'on classe juste derrière l'Amazonie en Amérique du sud. Le développement des États financé à grands budget, conjugué à l'urbanisation galopante et à l'augmentation de la population, s'accompagnent de problèmes environnementaux qui se posent avec acuité. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrivent nos travaux de thèse. Notre objectif a été de proposer une méthodologie qui vise à mettre en place un mécanisme de recherche des informations via internet pour les pays de cette région. L'utilisation des métadonnées, des toponymes et d'une ontologie a paru l'une des pistes potentielles pouvant aider à la résolution des problèmes rencontrés dans le suivi de la dynamique des objets spatiaux ainsi que l'accès efficace à des ressources informationnelles. A la différence des autres modèles, celui que nous proposons lie la dynamique spatio-temporelle des objets à celle de leurs toponymes et permet la description des ressources informationnelles à partir de mots clé provenant de l'ontologie et de l'index des toponymes.

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Drummond, Peter John. "An analysis of toponyms and toponymic patterns in eight parishes of the upper Kelvin basin." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5270/.

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This thesis examines a small but unfashionable area of Scotland, invisible to tourist guidebooks, heavily urbanised, and whose towns have won environmental ‘Carbuncle awards’ from the Scottish media. Yet it is deep in Gaelic and Scots place-names which reveal a landscape that past inhabitants perceived to be a green and relatively pleasant land, if perhaps not flowing with milk and honey. Part Three belies its numeration, in that it is the core of the study, examining in detail the place-names of eight (modern) parishes, listing old forms and attempting a sound etymology for each. Part One, based on the data gathered for Part Three, attempts to seek patterns among these names, both between and within the languages concerned. Inter alia, it seeks to explore the degree to which the choice of elements for a particular name, from any language’s toponymicon, is conditioned by cultural, political and social influences ranging from feudal and parochial authorities, through the influence of Scots-speaking merchants, to onomastic local farming customs. The lessons derived from Part One were then used to shed light on some etymologies in Part Three: and hopefully will be of value to researchers in other areas of the country.

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Vargas, Rosa Nathalie Portugal. "Identificação da cobertura espacial de documentos usando mineração de textos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-07122012-142831/.

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Atualmente, é comum que usuários levem em consideração a localização geográfica dos documentos, é dizer considerar o escopo geográfico que está sendo tratado no contexto do documento, nos processos de Recuperação de Informação. No entanto, os sistemas convencionais de extração de informação que estão baseados em palavras-chave não consideram que as palavras podem representar entidades geográficas espacialmente relacionadas com outras entidades nos documentos. Para resolver esse problema, é necessário viabilizar o georreferenciamento dos textos, ou seja, identificar as entidades geográficas presentes e associá-las com sua correta localização espacial. A identificação e desambiguação das entidades geográficas apresenta desafios importantes, principalmente do ponto de vista linguístico, já que um topônimo, pode possuir variados tipos de ambiguidade associados. Esse problema de ambiguidade causa ruido nos processos de recuperação de informação, já que o mesmo termo pode ter informação relevante ou irrelevante associada. Assim, a principal estratégia para superar os problemas de ambiguidade, compreende a identificação de evidências que auxiliem na identificação e desambiguação das localidades nos textos. O presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia que permite identificar e determinar a cobertura espacial dos documentos, denominada SpatialCIM. A metodologia SpatialCIM tem o objetivo de organizar os processos de resolução de topônimos. Assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e selecionar técnicas de desambiguação que permitam resolver a ambiguidade dos topônimos nos textos. Para isso, foram propostas e desenvolvidas as abordagens de (1)Desambiguação por Pontos e a (2)Desambiguação Textual e Estrutural. Essas abordagens, exploram duas técnicas diferentes de desambiguação de topônimos, as quais, geram e desambiguam os caminhos geográficos associados aos topônimos reconhecidos para cada documento. Assim, a hipótese desta pesquisa é que o uso das técnicas de desambiguação de topônimos viabilizam uma melhor localização espacial dos documentos. A partir dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, foi possível demonstrar que as técnicas de desambiguação melhoram a precisão e revocação na classificação espacial dos documentos. Demonstrou-se também o impacto positivo do uso de uma ferramenta linguística no processo de reconhecimento das entidades geográficas. Assim, foi demostrada a utilidade dos processos de desambiguação para a obtenção da cobertura espacial dos documentos
Currently, it is usual that users take into account the geographical localization of the documents in the Information Retrieval process. However, the conventional information retrieval systems based on key-word matching do not consider which words can represent geographical entities that are spatially related to other entities in the documents. To solve this problem, it is necessary to enable the geo-referencing of texts by identifying the geographical entities present in text and associate them with their correct spatial location. The identification and disambiguation of the geographical entities present major challenges mainly from the linguistic point of view, since one location can have different types of associated ambiguity. The ambiguity problem causes noise in the process of information retrieval, since the same term may have relevant or irrelevant information associated. Thus, the main strategy to overcome these problems, include the identification of evidence to assist in the identification and disambiguation of locations in the texts. This study proposes a methodology that allows the identification and spatial localization of the documents, denominated SpatialCIM. The SpatialCIM methodology has the objective to organize the Topônym Resolution process. Therefore the main objective of this study is to evaluate and select disambiguation techniques that allow solving the toponym ambiguity in texts. Therefore, we proposed and developed the approaches of (1) Disambiguation for Points and (2) Textual and Structural Disambiguation. These approaches exploit two different techniques of toponym disambiguation, which generate and desambiguate the associated paths with the recognized geographical toponym for each document. Therefore the hypothesis is, that the use of the toponyms disambiguation techniques enable a better spatial localization of documents. From the results it was possible to demonstrate that the disambiguation techniques improve the precision and recall for the spatial classification of documents. The positive effect of using a linguistic tool for the process of geographical entities recognition was also demonstrated. Thus, it was proved the usefulness of the disambiguation process for obtaining a spatial coverage of the document

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Batista, PatrÃcia de Oliveira. "A toponÃmia cearense em documentos do sÃculo XIX." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12889.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A ToponÃmia Ã a ciÃncia que estuda os nomes prÃprios de lugares. Os estudos toponÃmicos tÃm se revelado de grande importÃncia para o resgate de caracterÃsticas culturais, ideolÃgicas e linguÃsticas dos grupos humanos que habitaram ou habitam um dado lugar, bem como para a recuperaÃÃo de aspectos fÃsicos do prÃprio lugar. Com base nessas consideraÃÃes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a motivaÃÃo toponÃmica de 54 nomes de lugares que aparecem registrados nos 67 autos de querela editados por Ximenes (2006) e traÃar o perfil toponomÃstico do CearÃ oitocentista atÃ os dias atuais, a fim de identificar as possÃveis mudanÃas toponomÃsticas ocorridas ao longo do tempo. Os fundamentos teÃricos e os procedimentos metodolÃgicos que nortearam esta pesquisa tiveram como base as contribuiÃÃes de Dick (1992), que descreveu um modelo taxionÃmico toponÃmico, o qual apresenta 27 taxes, sendo 11 de natureza fÃsica e 16 de natureza antropocultural. Os dados foram registrados em fichas lexicogrÃfico-toponÃmicas que constituem o modelo proposto por Dick (2004). Verificou-se que 53% dos topÃnimos sÃo de natureza antropocultural e 47% sÃo de natureza fÃsica. A partir de pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e documental, foi possÃvel reconstituir importantes aspectos histÃricos, geogrÃficos, culturais e linguÃsticos do CearÃ por meio da anÃlise de seus topÃnimos.
Toponymy is the science of proper names of places. Toponymic studies have proved great importance for the rescue of cultural, ideological and linguistic features of groups of humans who lived or live in a given place, as well as for the recovery of the physical aspects of the place itself. Based on these considerations, the aim os this study was to describe the toponymic motivation of 54 place names out of the 67 ones recorded in the records of complaint edited by Ximenes (2006) and to describe the toponomastic profile of CearÃ from nineteenth century to the present days, in order to identify possible toponomastic changes occurring over time. The theoretical fundaments and methodological procedures that guided this research was based on the contributions of Dick (1992), who described a taxonomic toponymic model featuring 27 taxes, out of which 11 are physical natured and 16 are of antropocultural nature. Data were recorded in lexical-toponymic cards which is the model proposed by Dick (2004). It was found that 53% of the toponyms are of antropocultural nature and 47% are of physical nature. From literature and documental research, it was possible to reconstruct important aspects of history, geography, culture and linguistics of CearÃ through the analysis of its place names.

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Castaño, Fernández Antonio Maria. "Los nombres de la serena : estudios de toponimia extremeña /." Mérida : Ed. Regional de Extremadura, 1998. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/306788691.pdf.

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Dias, Ana Lourdes Cardoso. "Toponímia dos primeiros municípios tocantinenses." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5852.

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The toponym field, a sub-area of Onomastics, studies the names of places, their meanings and origins, the changes and motivations which influence the process of choosing those names. This study presents a toponym investigation regarding the first cities in the state of Tocantins, the ones that started and established themselves from gold mining in the 18th century. It also approaches the names of rivers – hydronymy – in the region due to the significance of them in the establishment of the cities. Since, in most cases, waterways are the first environmental elements named. Afterwards, their names become the identification of urban settlements by the riverside. This study aims to identify senses and motivations that influenced the process of naming these places. To that end, toponyms shaping this Onomastics system were described, analyzed and interpreted, observing that, because of their specific role in referencing and identifying things in a geographic space, they are not ordinary signs of language, they are instruments of ideological propagation at the same time. Hence, this investigation has gone beyond theoretical Linguistics, it employs an interdisciplinary viewpoint, in which there is an intersection among history, geography and other knowledge areas. Thus, we searched for a methodology that enables combining these areas as to treat the linguistic phenomenon. We have decided on using principles of Historic Linguistics with sociocultural traces, in the Onomastics method perspective and along with Wörter und Sachen (Words and Things), since they are both theories that approach semantics as related to history and culture. Data collection, which has been carried out through historiography written documents, sustained toponyms existence before and nowadays. These documents allowed a historical retreat of facts that encouraged the toponym choice and retrieve possible meanings. Aspects regarding beliefs, cultural values, ideologies, geographic features, and cognition were identified as the motivation when choosing the names of the first cities in Tocantins. These factors reflect themselves in the toponym linguistic structure, translating the dominant intentionality when naming places. Besides, toponym of the region observed preserve a world-view and an ideology of power perpetuation, mainly related to politics and religion, from the very beginning and with slight changes throughout the history. Therefore, it is a collective memory repository, because it records significant aspects of life in society, representing a valuable linguistic-cultural heritage.
A Toponímia, subárea da Onomástica, ocupa-se do estudo dos nomes dos lugares, ou seja, de seus significados, de suas origens, das transformações e das motivações que influíram nas escolhas desses nomes. Nesta tese, apresenta-se o estudo toponímico dos primeiros municípios do estado do Tocantins, aqueles que se iniciaram e estabeleceram-se a partir da mineração do ouro, no século XVIII. Trata-se também do estudo dos nomes dos rios – hidronímia – da região devido à importância deles para a formação desses municípios. Na maioria das vezes, os cursos d’agua são os primeiros elementos do meio ambiente a serem batizados. Posteriormente, seus nomes passam a nomear também os aglomerados urbanos que se formam em suas margens. Pretendeu-se, com este trabalho, identificar os significados e as motivações que influenciaram a escolha dos nomes desses lugares. Para isso, procurou-se descrever, analisar e interpretar os topônimos que compõem esse sistema onomástico, tendo em vista que não são signos comuns da língua por sua função específica de referenciar e identificar entidades no espaço geográfico, ao mesmo tempo que são instrumentos de veiculação de ideologias. Por isso, este trabalho vai além da Linguística teórica, adota-se uma visão interdisciplinar, em que a história, a geografia e outras áreas do conhecimento interseccionam-se. Assim, buscou-se uma orientação metodológica capaz de unir essas áreas no tratamento do fenômeno linguístico. Escolheu-se trabalhar com os princípios da Linguística Histórica de tendência sociocultural, na perspectiva do método Onomasiológico e em conjunto com o Wörter und Sachen (Palavras e Coisas), uma vez que são teorias do campo da semântica correlacionadas com a história e a cultura. Procedeu-se à coleta de dados por meio de documentos escritos de valor historiográficos que confirmam a existência dos topônimos em épocas anteriores e na atualidade. Esses documentos permitiram a reconstituição histórica dos fatos que motivaram a escolha toponímica e o resgate dos possíveis significados. Percebeu-se que as motivações para as escolhas dos nomes dos primeiros municípios tocantinenses fixam-se em crenças, valores culturais, ideologias, aspectos da realidade física da região, além dos aspectos cognitivos. Esses fatores refletem-se nas estruturas linguísticas dos topônimos, traduzindo a intencionalidade do denominador no ato denominativo. E ainda, a toponímia dessa região em estudo conserva a visão de mundo e as ideologias de poder, principalmente a política e a religiosa, do período inicial de sua formação com pequenas alterações ao longo da história. Por isso, é um repositório de memória coletiva por armazenar aspectos importantes da vida em sociedade, constituindo-se em um rico patrimônio linguístico-cultural.

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Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo de. "Iconicidade toponímica na Chapada Diamantina: estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-31032009-171949/.

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O signo toponímico, cuja característica principal é a identificação de um determinado espaço, estabelecendo uma significação, em certos contextos, pode destacar traços do espaço referido, evidenciando uma iconicidade toponímica (DICK, 1990). Este estudo de caso examina, sob estes aspectos, topônimos da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, por meio da aplicação dos modelos teóricos e metodológicos propostos por Dick no projeto Atlas Toponímico do Brasil (ATB). Considerando o contexto regional, foram selecionados 108 topônimos que designam sítios turísticos na área conhecida como Circuito do Diamante, onde estão situadas as principais cidades que, no final do século XIX, emergiram com a mineração e que, hoje, figuram como as cidades históricas de destaque no circuito turístico local: Andaraí, Lençóis, Mucugê e Palmeiras. Considerando o topônimo um traço cultural, a descrição dos ambientes físico e social é observada, com apresentação dos caracteres geográficos e dos ciclos históricos que se sucederam desde as fundações destes núcleos populacionais. A catalogação dos topônimos, em fichas lexicográfico-toponímicas (DICK, 2004), dispõe o tratamento lingüístico do corpus e acrescenta informações extralingüísticas que concorrem à compreensão dos mecanismos motivadores das nomeações. Os signos toponímicos são analisados em suas categorias semânticas e em suas propriedades icônicas.
The toponymic sign, which main characteristic is the identification of a certain location that establishes meaning, in some contexts, may emphasize some referred location features, bringing to light a kind of toponymic iconicity (DICK, 1990). The present case study explores, on these aspects, toponyms from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, on the theoretical and methodological models presented by Dick in Atlas Toponímico do Brasil (ATB). By taking the regional context into consideration, 108 toponyms designating tour sites have been chosen from the Diamond Circuit area, where the main late 19th Century cities of Andaraí, Lençóis, Mucugê, and Palmeiras, that emerged due to mining and nowadays are important historic cities in the regional touristic circuit, are located. Having toponym as a cultural trace, physical and social environments description is performed, presenting geographic and historical cycles information, since these people settlement. The toponyms cataloging using lexigraphictoponymic forms (DICK, 2004) defines the linguistic treatment of the corpus and adds extralinguistic data, which help the understanding of naming motivation mechanisms. Toponymic signs are analyzed by their semantic categories and iconic properties

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Adam, Francine. "Des noms et des lieux : la médiation toponymique au Québec et en Arcadie du Nouveau-Brunswick." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040049/document.

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La médiation toponymique est l’un des ensembles relationnels qui font une terre habitée, ici le Québec et l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick. Trois souches linguistiques principales y ont déployé les lieux : l’autochtone, la française, l’anglaise. Les motifs de dénomination reliés à la propriété et la fréquentation, l’appartenance et l’événement, l’expérience directe et l’honorifique fondent la résonance des noms et de la terre. Les noms de lieux constituent un héritage à vivre et à transmettre. Corps, cœur et esprit alimentent une toponymie affective et sensible qui ressortit aux visions et perceptions du milieu naturel, s’exprime par l’anthroponynie (possessive et honorifique) et la consécration culturelle, imprègne la dynamique des changements de noms. En est une illustration le débat identitaire dans le contexte des fusions municipales au Québec. La dimension spécifiquement sémantique de la toponymie affective et sensible a permis d’établir trois grandes classes thématiques : empreintes possessives et identitaires, sens et sensations, ambiances et sentiments. Des profils régionaux apparaissent au Québec et des profils de comtés en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick ; une toponymie des bonheurs et des malheurs se dessine. De cette mise en parallèle du Québec et de l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick, il ressort des types toponymiques fortement contrastés qui témoignent de leur histoire politique respective et du rôle des autorités institutionnelles en la matière
The toponymic mediation is one of the systems of relationships, which compose an inhabited land, here Quebec and Acadia of New Brunswick. Three main linguistic stems have influenced the construction of places : the autochthonous one, the French one and the English one. Denomination in relationship with property and socializing, belonging and event, direct experience and honours make the names resound with the earth. The place names offer an inheritance to live with and transmit. Body, heart and mind nourish an affective and sensitive toponymy, which relies on visions and perceptions of the environment. It expresses itself through anthroponymy (possessive and honorary) and through cultural consecration ; it influences the dynamics of changing names. An illustration of that is the debate on identity in the context of municipal mergers in Quebec. The specifically semantic dimension of affective and sensitive toponymy establishes three great thematic categories : imprints of possession and identity, senses and sensations, atmospheres and feelings. Regional profiles appear in Quebec and profiles of counties in Acadia of New Brunswick : it outlines a toponymy of happiness and sorrow. Very contrasted toponymic types stand out from this comparison between Quebec and Acadia of New Brunswick ; they testify to the respective political history of both regions and to the role of institutional authorities

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Kohlheim, Volker. "Toponyme in der Literatur." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-150814.

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In comparison with personal names toponyms have been rather neglected in studies on literary onomastics. Place names may seem less promising for onomastic research because authors tend to anchor their narratives in the actual world much more than characters. However, place names in literature fulfil important tasks: they mainly contribute to the fictional constitution of space. The question whether the actual counterparts of fictional place names are of any importance for the reader has been discussed very controversially. But place names may also help to create a certain mood or local colour. They even may indicate the passing of time. As all these phenomena are based on mental processes which take place in the reader’s brain this paper tries to study them with the help of actual cognitive science.

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Hengst, Karlheinz. "Der Name Leipzig als Hinweis auf Gegend mit Wasserreichtum." Gesellschaft für Namenkunde e.V, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12534.

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The article continues to discuss the origins and the history of the Saxon place name Leipzig. Several questions are under scrutiny. Starting out from recent research which gives the oldest historical evidence of the place name Leipzig as Lib-, it deals with certain new doubts regarding explanations that try to date the origins of the place name in pre-monolingual times. The question whether one can assume an original Slavonic form to the Slavonic root *lib- is dealt with in detail. The results of this discourse are: Today’s research cannot give a satisfactory explanation that the primary place name is derived from Slavonic. Furthermore, the hypothesis of an existing pre-monolingual form is newly evaluated. In this regard also the formerly existing geographical setting of the area around Leipzig is considered as the deciding motive in naming the place.

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Lima, Adriana Tavares. "De Bracara Augusta a Braga: análise toponímica de um concelho português." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-01032013-125451/.

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Sendo o estudo dos topônimos recurso para a compreensão de traços da língua e do homem denominador, o presente estudo foi concebido para oferecer contribuições relativas aos aspectos do meio físico e cultural em que esses nomes foram gerados, integrando-se ao Projeto Atlas Toponímico de Portugal (ATPor). Deste modo, este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar características semânticas de topônimos do concelho de Braga, Portugal, recuperando motivações transparentes e opacas que envolvem tais denominações, bem como analisar estruturalmente os nomes de lugar do mencionado concelho. Com base em trabalhos de Dick sobre teoria e análise científica de topônimos em suas variedades semânticas no Brasil (iniciados em 1980) e na aplicação destes conceitos por Carvalhinhos na toponímia de Portugal (a partir de 1998), reunimos apontamentos históricos e linguísticos referentes a questões particulares da Toponímia e, por extensão, da Onomástica como ciência dos nomes para determinarmos o perfil da motivação de nomes de lugares do concelho. O estabelecimento do corpus e a metodologia de trabalho pautaram-se em parâmetros de confecção de Atlas toponímicos, possibilitando sistematizar e quantificar dados para a descrição da toponímia local. Entre os quatrocentos e quarenta e três topônimos analisados, quatrocentos e dezenove foram classificados em taxionomias toponímicas, apontando um padrão motivador da dinâmica de denominação de entidades geográficas do concelho de Braga. A recuperação toponímica permitiu notar nomes relacionados ao período pré-romano e, sobremaneira, à época medieval, evidenciando aspectos do contexto físico e temas sociais que se referem aos séculos V a XII. De um lado, muitos nomes de lugares que procedem da natureza física refletem a geomorfologia, a vegetação e a constituição mineral do solo. De outra parte, modos medievais de demarcar propriedade, evidenciar os fatos sociais e a constituição de aglomerados humanos atuam na origem antropocultural da maioria dos topônimos do levantamento analisado. Nesse quadro, identificamos arcaísmos, revelando a manutenção de denominações no local.
Because the study of toponyms is a resource for understanding the linguistic traits and also the man who gave the name, this study was conceived to make contributions related to the aspects of the physical and cultural means in which these names were created, becoming part of the Portugal Toponymic Atlas (Projeto Atlas Toponímico de Portugal ATPor). Thus, this dissertation aims to verify which semantic feature are present at toponyms of the municipality of Braga, Portugal, recovering transparent and opaque motivations involving such denominations as well as analyzing structurally the place names in the aforementioned municipality. Based on Dick\'s work on the scientific theory and analysis of toponyms in their semantic variants in Brazil (begun in 1980) and on the application of these concepts by Carvalhinhos to toponyms in Portugal (starting in 1998), we gathered historical and linguistic records regarding particular issues in Toponymy and, by extension, Onomastics as the science of names, in order to determine the motivational profile of place names in Braga. The constitution of the corpus and the methodology were based on toponymic Atlas\' production parameters, making it possible to systematize and quantify data to describe the local toponymy. Among the four-hundred and fortythree toponyms analyzed, four-hundred and nineteen were classified in toponymic taxonomies, indicating a motivational pattern for the dynamic of naming geographic entities in Braga municipality. Toponymic retrieval allowed to find out names related to the pre-Roman period and, especially, medieval times to be found, providing evidence of aspects of the physical context and social themes that regard the V to XII centuries. On the one hand, many place names originating from a place\'s physical nature reflect the geomorphology, vegetation and mineral makeup of the soil. On the other, medieval manners of demarcating property, displaying social facts and constituting human settlements are active in the anthropo-cultural origin of the majority of the surveyed toponyms analyzed. In this situation, we identified archaisms, showing continuing use of denominations at the location.

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Blanchi-Sic, Alicia. "Les Représentations Socio-Spatiales des espaces métropolitains à travers les annonces immobilières géolocalisées : Le cas de la Côte d'Azur par une démarche d'analyse spatiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025COAZ2002.

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Cette thèse de géographie s'intéresse aux espaces urbains dans un contexte métropolitain, en se focalisant sur leurs Représentations Socio-Spatiales (RSS), à travers une approche de géographie quantitative. Les RSS, phénomènes spatiaux intersubjectifs, c'est-à-dire partagés par l'ensemble d'une population, reflètent des connotations et des caractéristiques socio-spatiales ou des activités qui se déroulent dans les lieux de la ville. Les RSS témoignent, accompagnent, et nourrissent les transformations métropolitaines et sont des clés de compréhension des espaces urbains, notamment sur la Côte d'Azur, dont les villes ont été façonnées et marquées au fil des siècles par des représentations d'espaces résidentiels et touristiques. Les annonces immobilières géolocalisées offrent l'opportunité d'analyser les espaces métropolitains. Les annonceurs, dans leurs discours, décrivent et valorisent l'environnement en localisant les biens, en le situant dans un toponyme précis, connu des lecteurs, et en révélant leurs caractéristiques socio-spatiales, minutieusement choisies, pour attirer une population cible. Les annonces sont donc des données géo-textuelles, reflétant les RSS de leurs lecteurs, tout en gardant des spécificités liées à leur objectif de marketing, et elles peuvent être analysées dans l'espace sémantique et géographique. L'objectif de cette thèse est de détecter et analyser les RSS des espaces urbains résidentiels de la Côte d'Azur par un corpus d'annonces immobilières géolocalisées. La première partie expose les fondements scientifiques de la recherche à savoir comment renouveler la connaissance des RSS à travers les données numériques géo-textuelles que sont les annonces immobilières. La seconde partie de la thèse présente une méthodologie visant à extraire et à analyser spatialement et textuellement les informations géographiques contenues dans les annonces pour révéler les RSS sous-jacentes des villes azuréennes. Un protocole a donc été développé, basé sur des techniques de traitement du langage naturel, pour extraire les toponymes et leur contexte socio-spatial. Ces informations géographiques géolocalisées servent ensuite de point de départ pour une analyse spatiale de leur contenu. De là, dans la troisième partie, nous proposons d'analyser les toponymes dans l'espace géographique et textuel, en prenant en compte leur contexte et les caractéristiques socio-spatiales associées. L'analyse se concentre sur la spatialisation des toponymes des villes azuréennes, en utilisant l'analyse spatiale sur réseau, et plus particulièrement, les densités de Kernel enrichies par la théorie des ensembles flous. Cette approche permet de produire, pour chaque toponyme, un espace noyau, où l'utilisation du toponyme est dominante, et un espace support où son utilisation est plus contrastée. La thèse se poursuit avec la caractérisation de ces espaces toponymiques par l'application de statistiques textuelles sur les caractéristiques socio-spatiales associées à chaque toponyme dans l'espace sémantique et géographique pour faire émerger leur RSS. En conclusion, cette thèse aboutit à une mise en lumière des RSS qui façonnent la Côte d'Azur contemporaine révélant des RSS contrastées et distinctives qui restent, néanmoins, souvent partagées par les villes littorales. Le renouvellement des approches d'appréhension des RSS par l'analyse spatiale et textuelle des annonces et les résultats obtenus quant à leur lecture ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives pour la recherche urbaine, notamment en termes d'application à différentes échelles spatiales, de possibilités d'étendre à d'autres corpus d'annonces et d'améliorations méthodologiques, qui sont développées dans la dernière partie du manuscrit
This geography dissertation focuses on urban spaces in a metropolitan context, emphasizing their Socio-Spatial Representations (SSR) through a quantitative geography approach.SSR, which are intersubjective spatial phenomena shared by an entire population, reflect connotations, socio-spatial characteristics or activities occurring in urban spaces. RSS support metropolitan transformations. These are key elements for understanding urban spaces, particularly on the French Riviera, where cities have been shaped and marked over centuries by representations of residential and tourist spaces. Geolocated real estate ads offer the opportunity to analyze metropolitan spaces. Advertisers describe the environment by locating properties in a specific toponym, familiar to readers, and highlighting carefully selected socio-spatial characteristics to attract a target population. Thus, these advertisements are geo-textual data, reflecting the SSR of their readers while maintaining marketing-specific nuances. They can be analyzed in both semantic and geographical spaces. The objective of this dissertation is to detect and analyze the SSR of residential urban spaces on the French Riviera using a corpus of geolocated real estate ads.The first part exposes the scientific foundations of the research, addressing how the understanding of SSR can be renewed through geo-textual data such as real estate ads. The second part presents a methodology to extract and analyze pieces of geographic information from real estate ads to reveal the underlying SSR of urban spaces. A protocol was developed, based on natural language processing techniques, to extract toponyms and their socio-spatial context. These geolocated geographic data serve as the foundation for spatial analysis of their content. The third part proposes an analysis of toponyms in geographic and textual spaces, taking into account their context and associated socio-spatial characteristics. The analysis focuses on the spatialization of toponyms of French Riviera using network-based spatial analysis, precisely Kernel densities enriched with fuzzy set theory. This approach enables the creation of a core space for each toponym, where its use is dominant, and a support space, where its use is more nonetheless more contrasted. The dissertation continues with the characterization of these toponymic spaces through the application of textual statistics to the socio-spatial characteristics associated with each toponym in both semantic and geographic spaces, uncovering their SSR. In conclusion, this dissertation reveals the SSR of the contemporary French Riviera, highlighting contrasting and distinctive SSR that are, nonetheless, often shared among coastal cities. By renewing approaches to understanding SSR through spatial and textual analysis of real estate ads, and through the results obtained, this work opens perspectives for urban research. These include applications at various spatial scales, possibilities to extend the analysis to other corpora and methodological improvements, discussed in the final part of the manuscript

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Rezende, Francisco José. "As taxionomias toponímicas de natureza física e suas influências na navegação aérea: Conceitos de Dick." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-20092011-162908/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar o significado dos nomes indígenas dos aeródromos do território brasileiro. Os aeródromos foram classificados nas Taxionomias de Natureza Física (Conceitos de Dick). Foram coletados e selecionados 270 topônimos cujos significados contribuem para referências visuais na navegação aérea, tornando assim um elemento participativo para segurança durante o pouso e a decolagem. O trabalho consiste em aumentar a visão do navegador nas referências dos acidentes geográficos classificados num Quadro Taxionômico Toponímico. A Toponímia, sob este aspecto, assume um papel relevante como substância preciosa no planejamento de voo e da navegação aérea.
This study aims to demonstrate the meaning of indigenous names of aerodromes of Brazil. The aerodromes were classified in the Taxonomy of Nature Physics Dick (Concepts of Dick). We collected and selected 270 toponyms whose meanings contribute to visual cues in navigation, thus making them a participatory element to promote safety during take-off and landing periods. The study intends to increase the navigator view in relation to the landforms references classified in a Taxonomy and Toponymic chart. Toponymy, in this regard, plays a relevant role as a precious element in flight planning and navigation.

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Belko, Bayoro Adamou. "La toponymie de la communauté urbaine de Niamey." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030008.

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Les toponymes, comme moyens de communication, constituent une réserve de mémoire collective qui immortalise un précieux patrimoine culturel local, régional ou national. A ce titre il convient de préserver, de sauvegarder et de valoriser ce joyau culturel en le gérant pour qu’il puisse remplir pleinement sa fonction première qui est de localiser les lieux et d’orienter les individus dans leurs multiples déplacements.Cette mission dévolue à des organismes gouvernementaux ou administratifs, est conventionnellement appelée la normalisation des noms géographiques, exécutée au plan local, régional, national ou international. C’est pourquoi, la toponymie de la CUN, partie intégrante du patrimoine culturel du Niger, fait l’objet d’une étude dans cette thèse. Dans ce travail, les noms de lieux ont été mis en relation avec le peuplement progressif de Niamey ; puisqu’ils représentent des témoins privilégiés de la naissance des lieux de la ville. Ceux-ci constituent l’ensemble des entités géographiques soumises à notre analyse. Et elles se subdivisent en entités administratives, en entités géographiques artificielles (les ouvrages…), en entités géographiques naturelles (cours d’eau, collines, réserves…) et en voies de communication. Cependant, l’Odonymie a occupé une grande place dans cette recherche car l’objet de celle-ci porte sur la toponymie urbaine [Niamey étant le plus grand centre urbain du Niger]. En outre, la toponymie étant par définition une science linguistique, une étude linguistique des toponymes a été faite dans ce travail. Cette toponymie est plurilingue, elle s’exprime dans plusieurs langues nationales (zarma, hausa et fulfulde principalement) et le français. Mais l’odonymie est plus expressive dans la majorité des langues nationales du Niger à travers des toponymes qui ont une valeur plutôt symbolique que référentielle. Les noms de quartiers ou de villages ont fait dans ce travail, l’objet d’une analyse étymologique afin de compléter la structure linguistique de ces noms de lieux
Toponyms as means of communication constitute a supply of collective memory which immortalizes a precious cultural patrimony, be it local, regional or national. In this respect, this cultural jewel ought to be preserved, protected and promoted and it can only be done by guiding it in order to allow it to fulfil its role which is to locate places and orientate people in their whereabouts. This mission, entrusted to governmental or administrative agencies, is conventionally called The Normalisation of geographical names, and is carried out at a local, regional, national or international level. That’s why the toponymy of the UCN, an integral part of the cultural patrimony of Niger, is the subject of this thesis. In this work, the places’ names have been linked to the progressive populating of Nyamey as they are privileged witnesses of the birth of the city’s places. Altogether, they constitute the geographical entities I have analysed. They are subdivided into administrative entities, artificial geographical entities [works], natural geographical entities (streams, hills, ….) and in ways of communication. However, odonomy has taken the largest part in this research as its subject is the urban toponomy (Nyamey being the largest urban centre of Niger). Moreover, toponomy being by definition a linguistic science, a linguistic study of the toponyms has been done in this work. This toponomy is multilingual , it is expressed in several national languages (mainly zarma, hausa and fulfulde) and in French. But odonymy is more expressive in the majority of the national languages of Niger through toponyms which have more of a symbolical meaning than a referential one. Neigbourhoods or villages’ names have been analysed etymologically in this work in order to complete the linguistic structure of these places’ names

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Moreira, Millyane Magna Moura. "Os nomes do \'lado de baixo da linha do trem\': uma análise toponímica do Jardim Lapena, Vila Nair e Vila União, em São Miguel Paulista, São Paulo/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-05112015-144911/.

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Nesta dissertação, estudamos topônimos referentes a bairros paulistanos de ocupação recente (menos de cinquenta anos) no distrito de São Miguel Paulista, em São Paulo/SP. Nos bairros Jardim Lapena, Vila Nair e Vila União, buscamos analisar as políticas públicas relativas à nomeação de logradouros e a forma como a comunidade a recebe, além de identificar a origem desses topônimos, tanto os oficiais quanto os paralelos. Para isso, não realizamos a análise do modo tradicional (com base nas taxionomias toponímicas), mas entrevistamos oito pessoas idosas moradoras da região desde o início de sua ocupação e analisamos os conteúdos dessas entrevistas juntamente com outras fontes, como cartografia e legislação de diferentes épocas, de acordo com a metodologia do projeto Memória toponímica de São Paulo: bairro a bairro, no qual este trabalho se insere tematicamente. Também esteve presente em nossa análise o papel das lembranças dos velhos para a recuperação da memória toponímica da cidade e a problemática da delimitação dos bairros em São Paulo. Ao término da pesquisa, pudemos observar a importância dos antigos moradores dos bairros para o resgate de topônimos espontâneos que se perderam com o tempo. Oficiais ou não em outros tempos, esses logradouros foram posteriormente nomeados pelo poder público com antropotopônimos ou com topônimos originários do Banco de Nomes da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, em ambos os casos sem nenhuma consulta aos cidadãos moradores da localidade. Desse modo, os resultados dessa pesquisa apontam a urgente necessidade de se rediscutir as formas de nomeação de logradouros na cidade.
In this dissertation, we study toponyms in neighborhoods of recent occupation (less than fifty years) in the district of São Miguel Paulista, São Paulo. In Jardim Lapena, Vila Nair, and Vila União neighborhoods, we aimed at analysing public policies concerning official naming of public places and how the community experiences it, as well as at identifying the origins of both official and parallel toponymy. To that end, we did not perform the analysis in the traditional way (based on toponymic taxonomies), but interviewed eight elderly people who have lived in the region since the beginning of its occupation and analysed the contents of these interviews as well as other sources, such as cartography and legislation from different eras, in accordance with the project methodology Memória toponímica de São Paulo: bairro a bairro, in which this work fits thematically. Our work also presented the role of the elderly reminiscences for the recovery of toponymic memory of the city as well as the problem of neighborhood delimitation in São Paulo. At the end of the study, we observed the importance of the neighborhood former residents to the retaking of spontaneous place names that have been lost over time. Official or not in the past, these public places were subsequently renamed by the government either with anthropotoponyms or with toponyms from the Banco de Nomes da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, in both cases without any consultation with the local resident citizens. Thus, the results of this research point to the urgent need to reconsider the ways of naming public places in the city.

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Delorme, Jérémie. "Éléments de toponymie générale : du Grand-Bornand à Passamainty, terrain de longue durée et enquêtes contrastives en terrain varié dans les domaines roman, polynésien, basque et bantu." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040072.

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Rechercher les bases d’une connaissance des toponymes renouvelée et renforcée se situe au fondement de cette thèse. Ce projet repose sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle les approches récentes et actuelles des faits toponymiques peuvent être améliorées. Sa mise en oeuvre invite à engager une réflexion sur les méthodes et les théories de la toponymie. Il s’agit, en s’efforçant de satisfaire aux conditions de cohérence et de rigueur d’une approche scientifique, de poursuivre un but de conceptualisation et de généralisation. Cette démarche répond à l’observation de principes essentiels : 1° aligner la toponymie sur les méthodes et les théories de la linguistique générale ; 2° privilégier l’oralité, les synchronies observables et le point de vue des locuteurs natifs, d’après un idéal d’adéquation de la toponymie, science sociale et science de terrain, à son objet, l’étude des phénomènes toponymiques ; à cette fin, 3°, tirer profit d’une longue expérience des informateurs et du terrain ; et, 4°, soumettre l’étude des toponymes à une analyse progressive, en abordant les faits toponymiques dans leur ordre logique, des plus simples au plus complexes, à travers trois thèmes de recherche majeurs – l’établissement de corpus toponymiques oraux, l’exploration approfondie des lieux désignés par des topoymes, et l’étude des formations toponymiques, menée à rebours de travaux de toponymie dont l’étymologisation constitue le thème directeur. Fondés sur la pratique d’un terrain privilégié – celui d’une toponymie francoprovençale –, les acquis de cette recherche font l’objet d’une évaluation : soumis au contrôle de toponymies-tests – futunienne, basque et comorienne –, ils ne sont tenus pour généralisables qu’après s’être vu corroborés ou amendés
The purpose of this research is to contribute to an improvement of the knowledge of toponyms. Its basic assumption is that the recent and present day toponymical approaches can be improved. Implementing it calls for a reflection on the methods and theories of toponymy with the aim of conceptualizing and generalising subject to conditions of scientific coherence and rigour. It relies on several essential principles. They are: i- to make toponymy obey the methods and theories of general linguistics; ii- to give a primacy to orality, to observable synchronies and to native speakers’ standpoints, and thus make toponymy adequate to its object of study of toponymical phenomena, as a social and field science; iii- to rely on a long experience with the informants and the fieldwork; iv- to rely on a progressive analysis. In the progressive analysis developed here, toponymical phenomena are addressed in an increasing order of complexity through three major issues that include establishing oral toponymic corpuses in a first step, exploring in depth the places that are referred to by the toponyms in a second step, and the study of toponymic formations in a final step. This final step goes against the toponymic literature which relies mainly on etymologization. This research is mainly based on a practical experience of a Francoprovençal ground and is checked through contrasting it with East Futunan, Basque, and Comorian toponymies taken as specific test-toponymies

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Rapa, Sanda, and Renate Silina-Pinke. "Die verbreitetsten grammatischen Modelle lettischer Toponyme." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71040.

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Kovács, Éva. "On the historical source value of toponyms: toponyms as a source for the reconstruction of ethnic relations." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13561.

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On the historical source value of toponyms. Toponyms as a source for the reconstruction of ethnic relations. – Besides constituting a crucial source material for linguistic history and onomastic research, toponyms occurring in historical sources (medieval charters) can be exploited also for the (history-related) purposes of other fields of research such as historiography (settlement and demographic history in particular), historic geography, ethnography, etc. When trying to map the ethnic composition of earlier times, representatives of historiography like to rely on data extracted on the basis of different layers of the origins of toponyms. However, it needs to be emphasized that such examinations presuppose special circumspection in order to avoid typical stumbling blocks exactly in the field of ethnic reconstruction whose possibilities I want to highlight here. My paper explores the question if toponyms occurring in early Hungarian linguistic monuments could be used for ethnic identification, and if this is the case, how we can draw conclusions related to questions of ethnicity based on linguistic results. In this respect we also need to examine the criteria based on which toponymic data appearing in charters can be linked to certain (Hungarian, German, Turkish or any of the Slavic) languages. Onomastic correlations, information on the evolution of names as well as certain phonetic changes may provide us with some clues in the definition of such links.
Vom historischen Quellenwert der Toponyme. Toponyme als Quelle zur Rekonstruktion ethnischer Beziehungen. – Ortsnamen sind nicht nur eine wertvolle Quelle für die Sprachgeschichte und Namenforschung. In historischen Quellen (mittelalterliche Urkunden) überlieferte Ortsnamen können ebenso von anderen, historisch ausgerichteten Forschungsdisziplinen wie der Geschichte (insbesondere Siedlungs- und Bevölkerungsgeschichte), historischen Geographie, Ethnographie usw. ausgewertet werden. Wenn die ethnische Struktur früherer Zeiten kartographisch dargestellt werden soll greifen Historiker gerne auf Daten zurück, die auf der historischen Schichtung der Ortsnamen beruhen. Es muss allerdings nachdrücklich darauf hingewiesen werden, dass derartige Untersuchungen eine besondere Vorsicht voraussetzen, um typische, gerade im Bereich der ethnischen Rekonstruktion begegnende Hürden zu überwinden. Die Möglichkeiten dieser Rekonstruktion möchte ich hier besonders hervorheben. Mein Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob die in frühen ungarischen Sprachdenkmälern überlieferten Ortsnamen für eine ethnische Identifizierung herangezogen werden können. Und wenn ja, wie können Fragen der Ethnizität auf der Basis linguistischer Erkenntnisse beantwortet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang sind auch die Kriterien zu untersuchen, auf deren Basis aus toponymischen Angaben der Urkunden auf bestimmte Sprachen (Ungarisch, Deutsch, Türkisch oder eine slavische Sprache) geschlossen werden kann. Onymische Wechselbeziehungen, Informationen zur Namenentwicklung oder bestimmte lautliche Veränderungen bieten uns Anhaltspunkte für die Definition solcher Beziehungen.

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Kohlheim, Volker. "Toponyme in der Literatur: ein kognitivistischer Ansatz." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung e.V, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12848.

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In comparison with personal names toponyms have been rather neglected in studies on literary onomastics. Place names may seem less promising for onomastic research because authors tend to anchor their narratives in the actual world much more than characters. However, place names in literature fulfil important tasks: they mainly contribute to the fictional constitution of space. The question whether the actual counterparts of fictional place names are of any importance for the reader has been discussed very controversially. But place names may also help to create a certain mood or local colour. They even may indicate the passing of time. As all these phenomena are based on mental processes which take place in the reader’s brain this paper tries to study them with the help of actual cognitive science.

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Rak, O. M. "Names with religious semantics in French toponymy." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18936.

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Kovács, Éva. "On the historical source value of toponyms." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-179847.

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On the historical source value of toponyms. Toponyms as a source for the reconstruction of ethnic relations. – Besides constituting a crucial source material for linguistic history and onomastic research, toponyms occurring in historical sources (medieval charters) can be exploited also for the (history-related) purposes of other fields of research such as historiography (settlement and demographic history in particular), historic geography, ethnography, etc. When trying to map the ethnic composition of earlier times, representatives of historiography like to rely on data extracted on the basis of different layers of the origins of toponyms. However, it needs to be emphasized that such examinations presuppose special circumspection in order to avoid typical stumbling blocks exactly in the field of ethnic reconstruction whose possibilities I want to highlight here. My paper explores the question if toponyms occurring in early Hungarian linguistic monuments could be used for ethnic identification, and if this is the case, how we can draw conclusions related to questions of ethnicity based on linguistic results. In this respect we also need to examine the criteria based on which toponymic data appearing in charters can be linked to certain (Hungarian, German, Turkish or any of the Slavic) languages. Onomastic correlations, information on the evolution of names as well as certain phonetic changes may provide us with some clues in the definition of such links
Vom historischen Quellenwert der Toponyme. Toponyme als Quelle zur Rekonstruktion ethnischer Beziehungen. – Ortsnamen sind nicht nur eine wertvolle Quelle für die Sprachgeschichte und Namenforschung. In historischen Quellen (mittelalterliche Urkunden) überlieferte Ortsnamen können ebenso von anderen, historisch ausgerichteten Forschungsdisziplinen wie der Geschichte (insbesondere Siedlungs- und Bevölkerungsgeschichte), historischen Geographie, Ethnographie usw. ausgewertet werden. Wenn die ethnische Struktur früherer Zeiten kartographisch dargestellt werden soll greifen Historiker gerne auf Daten zurück, die auf der historischen Schichtung der Ortsnamen beruhen. Es muss allerdings nachdrücklich darauf hingewiesen werden, dass derartige Untersuchungen eine besondere Vorsicht voraussetzen, um typische, gerade im Bereich der ethnischen Rekonstruktion begegnende Hürden zu überwinden. Die Möglichkeiten dieser Rekonstruktion möchte ich hier besonders hervorheben. Mein Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob die in frühen ungarischen Sprachdenkmälern überlieferten Ortsnamen für eine ethnische Identifizierung herangezogen werden können. Und wenn ja, wie können Fragen der Ethnizität auf der Basis linguistischer Erkenntnisse beantwortet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang sind auch die Kriterien zu untersuchen, auf deren Basis aus toponymischen Angaben der Urkunden auf bestimmte Sprachen (Ungarisch, Deutsch, Türkisch oder eine slavische Sprache) geschlossen werden kann. Onymische Wechselbeziehungen, Informationen zur Namenentwicklung oder bestimmte lautliche Veränderungen bieten uns Anhaltspunkte für die Definition solcher Beziehungen

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Notter, Jean-Cyrille. "Toponymie des îles créoles de l’océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0020/document.

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Territoires français à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les archipels des Mascareignes, Seychelles et Chagos ont connu un destin politique différent. L’ensemble de ce vaste espace insulaire, La Réunion exceptée, est devenu anglophone. On fait pourtant un constat essentiel, paradoxal en apparence : ces îles ont aujourd’hui encore une toponymie majoritairement francophone. Cette constatation est à l’origine de cette recherche, appuyée sur la constitution d’une base de données thématique et géo-référencée d’environ 6600 toponymes. À l’aide de cet outil, ce corpus toponymique est analysé suivant plusieurs critères, tels que les langues, les valeurs sémantiques, les natures et importances des éléments désignés et de la répartition spatiale. La question de l’appropriation et l’évolution des toponymes est également abordée et analysée. Ce travail constitue une base, évolutive et ouverte, pour des travaux complémentaires ultérieurs
French territories in the late eighteenth century, the archipelagos of Mascarene, Seychelles and Chagos experienced a different political destiny. All of these islands except Reunion became English-speaking. Yet today, we make an essential observation, paradoxical in appearance: these islands still have a mostly French-speaking toponymy. This ascertainment is at the origin of this research supported by a thematic and georeferenced database of about 6600 place names. Thanks to this tool, an analyse has been carried according to several criteria such as the languages, the semantic values, the natures and importance of designated elements and the spatial distribution. The question about appropriation and evolution of place names is also examined and analysed. This work constitutes a base, open and evolutive, for further works

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Van, Osta Ward. "Toponymie van Brasschaat /." Gent : Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse taal- en letterkunde, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370871499.

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Gouvêa, Cleber. "Uma Abordagem para o Enriquecimento de Gazetteers a partir de Notícias visando o Georreferenciamento de Textos na Web." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2009. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/98.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_mestrado_cleber.pdf: 565462 bytes, checksum: 906465b0884050d40a2c09bf52b60526 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-23
Georeferencing of texts, that is, the identification of the geographical context of texts is becoming popular in the Web due to the high demand for geographical information and due to the raising of services for query and retrieval like Google Earth (geobrowsers). The main challenge is to relate texts to geographical locations. These associations are stored in structures called gazetteers. Although there are gazetteers like Geonames and TGN, they fail in coverage, lacking information about some countries, and they also fail by weak specialization, lacking detailed references to locations (fine granularity) as for example names of streets, squares, monuments, rivers, neighborhoods, etc. This kind of information that acts as indirect references to geographical locations is defined as Location Indicators . This dissertation presents an approach that identifies Location Indicators related to geographical locations, by analyzing texts of news published in the Web. The goal is to enrich create gazetteers with the identified relations and then perform geo-referencing of news. Location Indicators include non-geographical entities that are dynamic and may change along the time. The use of news published in the Web is a useful way to discover Location Indicators, covering a great number of locations and maintaining detailed information about each location. Different training news corpora are compared for the creation of gazetteers and evaluated by their ability to correctly identify cities in texts of news Georeferencing of texts, that is, the identification of the geographical context of texts is becoming popular in the Web due to the high demand for geographical information and due to the raising of services for query and retrieval like Google Earth (geobrowsers). The main challenge is to relate texts to geographical locations. These associations are stored in structures called gazetteers. Although there are gazetteers like Geonames and TGN, they fail in coverage, lacking information about some countries, and they also fail by weak specialization, lacking detailed references to locations (fine granularity) as for example names of streets, squares, monuments, rivers, neighborhoods, etc. This kind of information that acts as indirect references to geographical locations is defined as Location Indicators . This dissertation presents an approach that identifies Location Indicators related to geographical locations, by analyzing texts of news published in the Web. The goal is to enrich create gazetteers with the identified relations and then perform geo-referencing of news. Location Indicators include non-geographical entities that are dynamic and may change along the time. The use of news published in the Web is a useful way to discover Location Indicators, covering a great number of locations and maintaining detailed information about each location. Different training news corpora are compared for the creation of gazetteers and evaluated by their ability to correctly identify cities in texts of news
Com o advento da Internet e o crescente número de informações disponíveis torna-se necessária a definição de estratégias especiais que permitam aos usuários o acesso rápido a informações relevantes. Como a Web possui grande volume de informações principalmente com o foco geográfico torna-se necessário recuperar e estruturar essas informações de forma a poder relacioná-las com o contexto e realidade das pessoas através de métodos e sistemas automáticos. Para isso uma das necessidades é possibilitar o georreferenciamento dos textos, ou seja, identificar as entidades geográficas presentes e associá-las com sua correta localização espacial. Nesse sentido, os topônimos (ex: nomes de localidades como cidades, países, etc.), devido à possibilidade de identificar de forma precisa determinada região espacial, apresentam-se como ideais para a identificação do contexto geográfico dos textos. Essa tarefa, denominada de Resolução de Topônimos apresenta, no entanto, desafios importantes principalmente do ponto de vista lingüístico, já que uma localidade pode possuir variados tipos de ambigüidade. Com relação a isso a principal estratégia para superar estes problemas compreende a identificação de evidências que auxiliem na identificação e desambiguação das localidades nos textos. Para essa verificação são utilizados geralmente os serviços de um ou mais dicionários toponímicos (Gazetteers). Como são criados de forma manual eles apresentam, no entanto deficiência de informações relacionadas principalmente a entidades que podem identificar, embora de forma indireta, determinados tipos de lugares como ruas, praças, universidades etc., as quais são definidas como Indicadores de Localidade. O presente trabalho propõe uma abordagem para a recuperação dessas entidades aproveitando para isso o caráter geográfico das informações jornalísticas. Para ilustrar a viabilidade do processo diferentes tipos de corpora de notícias foram testados e comparados pela habilidade de criação de Gazetteers com os Indicadores recuperados, sendo os Gazetteers avaliados então pela capacidade de identificação das cidades relacionadas às notícias testadas. Os resultados demonstram a utilidade da abordagem para o enriquecimento de Gazetteers e consequentemente para a recuperação de Indicadores de Localidade com maior simplicidade e extensibilidade que os trabalhos atuais

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Nold, Vera. "Untersuchungen zur ukrainischen Toponymie." Regensburg Roderer, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994297114/04.

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King, Jacob. "Analytical tools for toponymy : their application to Scottish hydronymy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3020.

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It has long been observed that there is a correlation between the physical qualities of a watercourse and the linguistic qualities of its name; for instance, of two river-names, one having the linguistic quality of river as its generic element, and one having burn, one would expect the river to be the longer of the two. Until now, a phenomenon such as this had never been formally quantified. The primary focus of this thesis is to create, within a Scottish context, a methodology for elucidating the relationship between various qualities of hydronyms and the qualities of the watercourses they represent. The area of study includes every catchment area which falls into the sea from the River Forth, round the east coast of Scotland, up to and including the Spey; also included is the east side of the River Leven / Loch Lomond catchment area. The linguistic strata investigated are: Early Celtic, P-Celtic, Gaelic and Scots. In the first half of the introduction scholarly approaches to toponymy are discussed, in a Scottish and hydronymic context, from the inception of toponymy as a discipline up to the present day; the capabilities and limitations of these approaches are taken into consideration. In the second half the approaches taken in this thesis are outlined. The second chapter explains and justifies in more detail the methodology and calculus used in this thesis. The subsequent chapters examine the following linguistic components of a hydronym: generic elements, linguistic strata, semantics and phonological overlay. In each of these chapters the methodology is harnessed as an analytical tool to generate new findings for hydronymic research. The conclusion consists of a summary of the findings and a review of the performance of the calculus. It emerges that these analytical tools are of use to the field of toponymy in two ways. Firstly, they formalise and challenge previously unquantified statements made in the field of toponymy. Secondly, they elucidate hitherto unnoticed phenomena. It is suggested that in the future this methodology be applied to other datasets (particularly hill-names) and to other regions in Scotland and the world at large.

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Maçan, Eduardo Marcel. "GEOFIER: um sistema de anotação geográfica de textos com o uso de classificadores de aprendizagem de máquina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-21062016-133050/.

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A anotação geográfica de documentos consiste na adoção de metadados para a identificação de nomes de locais e a posição de suas ocorrências no texto. Esta informação é útil, por exemplo, para mecanismos de busca. A partir dos topônimos mencionados no texto é possível identificar o contexto espacial em que o assunto do texto está inserido, o que permite agrupar documentos que se refiram a um mesmo contexto, atribuindo ao documento um escopo geográfico. Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta um novo método, batizado de Geofier, para determinação do escopo geográfico de documentos. A novidade apresentada pelo Geofier é a possibilidade da identificação do escopo geográfico de um documento por meio de classificadores de aprendizagem de máquina treinados sem o uso de um gazetteer e sem premissas quanto à língua dos textos analisados. A Wikipédia foi utilizada como fonte de um conjunto de documentos anotados geograficamente para o treinamento de uma hierarquia de Classificadores Naive Bayes e Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Uma comparação de desempenho entre o Geofier e uma reimplementação do sistema Web-a-Where foi realizada em relação à determinação do escopo geográfico dos textos da Wikipédia. A hierarquia do Geofier foi treinada e avaliada de duas formas: usando topônimos do mesmo gazetteer que o Web-a-Where e usando n-gramas extraídos dos documentos de treinamento. Como resultado, o Geofier manteve desempenho superior ao obtido pela reimplementação do Web-a-Where.
Automatic text geotagging is the process by which mentions of place names and their positions in text are identified as metadata, allowing this information to be used by specialized applications, like Search Engines. It is possible to identify the geographic scope of a document by analysing the toponyms it mentions and then group documents by their geographic context, effectively adding a geographic scope to the documents. This dissertation presents a new method to identify the geographic scope of text, named Geofier. The novelty in Geofier is that it uses machine learning text classifiers, trained without the need of a gazetteer and without making assumptions regarding the language in which the documents are written. Wikipedia was used as the source for a geotagged text dataset in order to train a hierarchy of Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. The Geofier hierarchy was then trained and evaluated, first using toponyms from the same gazetteer as Web-a-Where and then using n-grams extracted from the training samples as attributes. Geofier performed significantly better when compared to a Web-a-Where implementation.

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Vallérie, Yvon Gildas. "Les toponymes paroissiaux : genèse des formes vernaculaires et administratives des toponymes paroissiaux en Bretagne." Rennes 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN20002.

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Ce travail se propose, à partir d'une description des écarts entre les formes administratives françaises des toponymes paroissiaux (avec leur prononciation traditionnelle) et les formes vernaculaires, d'analyser les premières, non comme des transcriptions arbitraires, mais comme des emprunts du français au breton lors de l'apparition de communautés francophones dans la zone bretonnante. Le rapprochement entre formes françaises et formes bretonnes permet : - de formuler des hypothèses quant à l'époque ou ces emprunts sont intervenus ; - de recueillir des informations nouvelles sur l'histoire dialectologique du breton, particulièrement pour les siècles ou les sources écrites sont déficientes et plus encore pour les régions de la Bretagne ou la langue bretonne s'est éteinte avant les temps modernes ; - d'apporter un éclairage nouveau sur l'origine de la langue bretonne et sur l'état linguistique de l'Armorique à l'époque des migrations brittoniques. Nous parvenons à la conclusion que les immigrants bretons s'installèrent dans une contrée dont les habitants parlaient encore le gaulais à l'ouest d'une Paimpol - Quimperlé. A l'est, l'influence d'un adstrat roman est à l'origine de la première différenciation dialectale, à partir du 10e siècle
In this work, we attempt to describe every discordance between French official forms of Celtic parish-names (and their traditional pronunciation) and Breton dialectal ones and to analyse the former, not as unmotivated transcriptions, but as borrowings from Breton by French-speaking people at the time when bilingual communities grew up in the Breton-speaking area. Comparison between French and Breton forms gives us the way : - to formulate hypotheses as to the date when the borrowings took place, and then to sketch a history of bilingualism in Brittany ; - to gather new informations on the history of Breton dialects, especially in those centuries where written sources are lacking, and moreover in those parts of Brittany where Breton disappeared before the modern ages ; - to throw some light on the origin of Breton language and on the linguistic situation in armorica at the time of Breton migrations. We conclude that Breton invaders settled in a country where people still spoke gaulish in the west of a line Paimpol – Quimperlé. In the east, the influence of a romance ad stratum was the reason for the first dialectal differentiation from the 10th century down

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Atoui, Brahim. "Toponymie et espace en Algérie." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023947.

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CE TRAVAIL UNIVERSITAIRE EST UNE TENTATIVE DE LECTURE DE L'ESPACE ALGERIEN A PARTIR DES TOPONYMIES PAR LE BIAIS DE METHODES PROPRES A LA GEOGRAPHIE. L'ETUDE DE LA RELATION HOMME ESPACE PEUT ETRE ENVISAGEE SOUS L'ANGLE DE LA LECTURE DES NOMS DE LIEUX OU DES NOMS D'ESPACES, DANS L'EXACTE MESURE OU N'EXISTE QUE CE QUI EST NOMME. DES MULTIPLES METHODES QUI SONT OFFERTES, NOUS AVONS JUGE UTILE DE RETENIR CELLE QUI CONSISTE A CONSIDERER COMMENT LES HOMMES PERCOIVENT ET PAR CONSEQUENT DESIGNENT ET NOMMENT LEUR ESPACE. CETTE ETUDE EST D'ABORD, UN ESSAI D'ANALYSE THEORIQUE BASE SUR DES CONSTATS AYANT COMME SUPPORT L'ESPACE; ENSUITE ELLE ESSAIE DE METTRE A JOUR LES RELATIONS JUSQU'ICI MAL CERNEES OU TRES PEU ETUDIEES, QUI EXISTENT ENTRE LE TOPONYME ET L'ESPACE OU LA PORTION D'ESPACE QU'IL DESIGNE, POUR FINALEMENT POSER DES HYPOTHESES A PARTIR DES CONSTATS GRAPHIQUES, CARTOGRAPHIQUES ET NUMERIQUES, SANS POUR AUTANT AVOIR A CHAQUE FOIS DES REPONSES DEFINITIVES. DANS L'ORGANISATION DES SOCIETES HUMAINES D'UNE FACON GENERALE, ET DE LA SOCIETE ALGERIENNE EN PARTICULIER EXISTE-T'IL UN EFFET DE LIEU LIE AU TOPONYME ? EN D'AUTRES TERMES LA TOPONYMIE INTERVIENT-ELLE COMME INDICATEUR, REFERANT ET FACTEUR EXPLICATIF DE L'ORGANISATION SPATIALE ?

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Atoui, Brahim Côte Marc. "Toponymie et espace en Algérie /." Lille : Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41153556j.

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Баранова, Світлана Володимирівна, Светлана Владимировна Баранова, Svitlana Volodymyrivna Baranova, and D. Zhukova. "The status of anthroponyms and toponyms in the english fiction." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19591.

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CASADO, PIERRE. "Etude de certains determinants dans les designations des cours d'eau du departement des alpes-maritimes a l'epoque moderne et contemporaine." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30075.

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S'appuyant sur un corpus de plus de 200 000 toponymes, la presente recherche traite des designations de cours d'eau du departement des alpes-maritimes en structure determine + determinant. Nous avons cible notre analyse sur les complements determinatifs, elements les plus porteurs d'enseignements toponymiques. Dans la partie denommee arguments, nous avons procede a l'exposition des faits au cas par cas, selon un ordre alphabetique. Pour l'analyse de chaque determinant de designation de cours d'eau, nous avons adopte l'ordonnance suivante : 1) situation geo-administrative et breve description du cours d'eau; 2) enonce des donnees constituant l'ensemble toponymique (designation de tenement; designation d'habitat; designation de cours d'eau), auquel appartient la designation de cours d'eau; 3) identification onomastique du determinant en s'appuyant eventuellement sur des series, puis analyse morphologique et etymologique; 4) enonce du fonctionnement onomastique. Dans la partie suivante intitulee theses, nous avons tire les enseignements et devoile les tendances qui en emergent en les illustrant a l'aide de graphiques. Cette partie s'inscrit dans une autre perspective de methodologie generale, s'appuyant sur une etude quantitative de tous les details mis a jour dans la partie analytique precedente. Nous avons mis en regard la presence et/ou l'absence d'ensembles toponymiques avec l'origine onomastique des determinants; il s'est agi observer si les determinants pouvaient s'expliquer preferentiellement par un appellatif, un nom de personne ou un hydroseme, en correlation avec laqualite de l'ensemble toponymique. Sur l'aire du departement des alpes-maritimes, nous avons ensuite opere la synthese sur le role indicateur des series toponymiques et leur capacite a faire emerger des aires consequentes coincidant a des aires historiques et/ou dialectales, et d'autre types d'aires souvent geographiquement plus circonscrites relevant du domaine patronymique; pour le territoire francais, toujours a l'aide de la cartographie informatique, nous avons revele les frequences des lieux de primonomasticogenese justifiant la productivite de certains types de patronymes en relation avec notre aire d'etude.

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Ara?jo, Claudia Medeiros de. "A representa??o da mulher e as quest?es de g?nero na topon?mia urbana de Caic?-RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16979.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaMA_DISSERT.pdf: 3515647 bytes, checksum: 1214976c57cde13c437c99eadd2bd32d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This piece wants to investigate the relations between gender identities and the toponymy in Caic? city. To do so, we will discuss the reason why places are named, the practice of naming places, so as the process of choosing the names of neighborhoods, streets and city public squares. Thereby, we will investigate the space changes in Caic? city since its formation, as a village, until the decade of 1970. This period of time was chosen in order to discuss the toponymic process of the city, besides having noticed that public places and locations in Caico with the feminine nominations only appear from the second half of the 60s decade and in the beginning of the 70s. This way, we preferred to investigate who were the first Caic? women to have their names in the urban space; why women only begin to have homage from the decade of the 60s on; what is the importance and the location of the places with feminine names; and what gender image is there on this homage
Este trabalho busca realizar uma investiga??o a respeito das rela??es entre identidades de g?nero e a topon?mia da cidade de Caic?. Para isso, discutiremos o porqu? dos lugares serem nomeados, a pr?tica de nomear os lugares, como tamb?m discutiremos o processo de escolha dos nomes dos bairros, ruas e pra?as da cidade. Desse modo, investigaremos as mudan?as espaciais na cidade de Caic? desde sua forma??o, como vila, at? a d?cada de 1970. Esse recorte temporal foi escolhido com o objetivo de discutirmos o processo topon?mico da cidade, al?m de termos verificado que os locais e logradouros p?blicos de Caic? com denomina??es femininas s? surgiram a partir da segunda metade da d?cada de 1960 e in?cio dos anos 1970. Nesse sentido, optamos por investigar quem foram as primeiras mulheres caicoenses que tiveram seus nomes institu?dos no espa?o urbano; porque as mulheres s? passam a ser homenageadas a partir da d?cada de 1960; qual a import?ncia e localiza??o dos espa?os que foram batizados com os nomes femininos; e que imagens de g?nero est?o presentes nessas homenagens

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Keilo, Jack. "Le Centre et le Nom, lectures dans la toponymie de Beyrouth." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL067.

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Nous narrons la toponymie de Beyrouth, considérée comme partie intégrante de l’idéologie du corps politique du Liban, installé à Beyrouth depuis 1920. Nous commençons par une réflexion sur les rapports entre centre politique, ses principes fondateurs, et toponymie: l’inscription toponymique est l’insertion ultime du politique dans l’aménagement. La toponymie beyrouthine inscrit le Grand-Liban (1920), et la Constitution libanaise (1926), sur les cartes. Elle inscrit le confessionnalisme politique résultant du Pacte national (1943) et ses symboles « sacrés », ainsi qu’une présence confirmée des « Orient » et « Occident » et un récit national libanais partiellement réinventé et présenté « en continuité ». Elle présente les signes d’une continuité urbaine visible. Nous mettons l’exemple beyrouthin en perspective avec ceux de Damas et de Dubaï : le premier est « réécrit » avec l’avènement du Baath en 1963 et présente une rupture toponymique avec le passé syrien pré-baathiste, ainsi qu’une présence triomphaliste du panarabisme; et le deuxième inventé afin de donner une profondeur historique à la carte de l’émirat et une dimension commerciale à ses noms des lieux. L’étude des inscriptions toponymiques, en parallèle avec les principes fondateurs du centre politique, permet d’approfondir la connaissance des systèmes politiques, leurs idéologies, et leurs politique d’urbanisme
I narrate toponymy of Beirut, considered as a revelator and a marker of the Lebanese body politic, constructed in Beirut since 1920. This memoir begins by reflecting on the rapports between the centre politic (capital city or seat of government), its founding principles, and toponymy : the toponyme is the ultimate insertion of the political in everyday’s banality. Beiruti toponymy writes the Grand-Liban (1920), the Lebanese Constitution (1926), on the city’s maps. Also it inscribes political confessionalism, resulting of the Lebanese National Pact (1943) and its sacred symbols, thus a confirmed presence of « East » and « West » and a Lebanese national narrative partially re-invented and presented as a « continuum ». It also presents signs of a visible continuity of the local elite. We put the Beiruti example in perspective with those of Damascus and of Dubai : the Damascene one is « re-written » by the Baath rule since 1963 and presents a toponymic rupture with the Syrian pre-baathist past but a confirmed presence of pan-Arabism; the Dubaian one is invented in order to give a historical depth to the map of Dubai and a commercial dimension to its place names. Study of toponyms, in parallel with that of founding principles of the centre, can inform political systems, their ideological background, and their urban policy

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OÌ, Mainnin M. B. "Townland names and other place-names of Irish-language origin in the parishes of Armagh, Eglish and Grange, County Armagh." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252597.

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Al, Nabhani Yousuf bin Harith bin Nasir. "The role and standardisation of geographical names on maps Oman as a case study /." Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/460/.

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Thesis (MSc.(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2007.
MSc.(R) thesis submitted to the Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Locatelli, Lauriane. "La toponymie et l'ethnonymie de la Pisidie antique (XIIIe s.a.C. ; début IVe s.p.C.)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC014.

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La Pisidie, région montagneuse du sud-ouest de l’Asie Mineure, est un véritable conservatoire toponymique de la culture et des langues anatoliennes. Notre thèse porte sur la toponymie et l’ethnonymie de la Pisidie et sur la persistance des langues anatoliennes dans la toponymie de la région. La toponymie et l’ethnonymie nous révèlent l’emprise sur le territoire de chaque peuplement, qu’il s’agisse du peuplement anatolien ou des peuplements exogènes (principalement grecs et romains). En effet, par le choix de la langue utilisée pour créer le nom du lieu ou du peuple, nous en apprenons davantage sur la région. Après avoir réalisé un catalogue des toponymes et des ethnonymes de la Pisidie classés par types et discuté leur origine à l’aide d’arguments linguistiques pour chacun d’entre eux, nous étudions la présence grecque et les colonies romaines en envisageant les dominations successives du point de vue de la toponymie. Plusieurs thèmes sont abordés : la question du contrôle de la région à l’époque hellénistique, les fondations séleucides, ainsi que les colonies romaines fondées par Auguste. Puis, nous nous concentrons sur l’identité des Pisidiens, en étudiant la question de leur origine et des topoi qui leurs sont associés. Les continuités et les ruptures territoriales de la Pisidie sont abordées avant un panorama toponymique présentant un classement linguistique et un classement sémantique des toponymes en fonction du référentiel sémantique (eau, relief, végétation, etc.). L’essentiel des toponymes est descriptif et renvoie à des éléments du paysage
Pisidia, a mountainous region in southwestern Asia Minor, is a real toponymic conservatory of Anatolian culture and languages. Our thesis deals with the toponymy and ethnonymy of Pisidia and the persistence of Anatolian languages in the toponymy of the region. Toponymy and ethnonymy reveal the territorial control of each settlement, whether it be Anatolian population or exogenous settlements (mainly Greek and Roman). Indeed, by choosing the language used to create the name of the place or the people, we learn more about the region. After having produced a catalog of toponyms and ethnonyms of the Pisidia classified by types and after having discussed their origin using linguistic arguments for each one, we study the Greek presence and the Roman colonies by considering the successive domination in regard to toponymy. Several themes were discussed : the question of the control of the region during the Hellenistic period, the Seleucid foundations, as well as the Roman colonies founded by Augustus. Then we focus on the identity of the Pisidians, studying the question of their origin and the topoi associated with them. The continuities and territorial cleavage of Pisidia are discussed before a toponymic panorama showing a linguistic classification and a semantic classification of toponyms based on the semantic repository (water, relief, vegetation, etc.). Most of the place names are descriptive and refer to elements of the landscape

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Smorag, Pascale. "L'histoire du Midwest raconté par sa toponymie /." Paris : PUPS, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41415640m.

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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Études nord-américaines--Paris 4, 1998. Titre de soutenance : La toponymie dans le Middle-West : fait de langue, fait de société.
Bibliogr. p. 303-315. Notes bibliogr. Index. PUPS = Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne.

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Bhattacharya, Sayantan. "Applying toponome imaging system for studying colon cancer." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47136/.

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Introduction In a proof of principle study, we have applied an automated fluorescence toponome imaging system (TIS) in order to examine, whether TIS can find protein network structures distinguishing cancerous from normal colon tissue from same patient. Methods/Materials Cancer specimen and corresponding normal tissue were harvested at colectomy from a single patient. 5μm sections were then prepared for TIS using a battery of different antibodies, including a number of putative CSC markers. Expression of multiple protein clusters was determined and Combinatorial Molecular Phenotypes (CMPs) were analysed, using specific image-analysis tools. Results By using a three symbol code and a power of combinatorial molecular discrimination (PCMD) of 221 per sub-cellular data point in one single tissue section, we demonstrate an in situ protein network structure, visualized as a mosaic of 6,813 protein clusters (Combinatorial molecular phenotype or CMPs) in the cancerous part of the colon. By contrast, in the histologically normal colon, TIS identifies nearly 5 times the number of protein clusters as compared to the cancerous part (32,009). Discussion and Conclusion By sub-cellular visualization procedures we found, that many cell surface membrane molecules were closely associated with the cell cytoskeleton as unique CMPs in the normal part of the colon, while the same molecules were disassembled in the cancerous part, suggesting presence of dysfunctional cytoskeleton-membrane complexes. As expected, glandular and stromal cell signatures were found, but interestingly also potentially TIS signatures identifying a very restricted subset of cells expressing several putative stem cell markers, all restricted to the cancerous tissue. The detection of these signatures is based on the extreme searching depth, high degree of dimensionality, and sub-cellular resolution capacity of TIS. These findings provide the technological rationale for the feasibility of a complete colon cancer toponome to be established by massive parallel high throughput/high content TIS mapping.

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Aksholakova, Assem. "Variabilität in der Toponymie: Almaty vs. Alma-Ata." Gesellschaft für Namenkunde e.V, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12543.

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With gaining the independence and the emergence of a new state the linguistic situation in Kazakhstan has been changed. The restoration and return of historical names, the fi xing of unifi ed rules of the transferring of Kazakh toponyms into other languages became the basis of national onomastic policy of independent Kazakhstan. After the law “On languages in the Republic of Kazakhstan” adopted in 1997 the activity on improvement of orthographic norms and formulation of new rules of transferring geographical names from Kazakh into Russian started. As a result of these acts many distorted names of inhabited localities and administrative-territorial units are gradually being put into an appropriate norm. Many of them are still to be corrected according to new “Law on Administrative - Territorial Structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan” (December 8, 1993.) and Presidential Decree (December 29, 1995.), Government Resolution (March 5, 1996.) where the rules on Russian transferring of Kazakh onyms were approved. Due to such activity to former capital of Kazakhstan Alma-Ata was returned its original name Almaty. Thus, in our article we decided to give our point of view on some issues relating to grammatical adaptation of toponym Almaty in Russian language.

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Laîné, Stéphane. "Évolution phonétique des toponymes dans le Nord-Cotentin." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1448.

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La création d’un Code officiel géographique en 1943, la multiplication des supports aux formes écrites des toponymes (documents administratifs, almanachs, panneaux d’indications routières, cartes géographiques …) permettent au grand public de penser que les noms de nos communes sont immuables. Or, il n’en est rien. Les graphies en usage aujourd’hui ont été fixées tardivement, en général au début du XIXe siècle. La prononciation des toponymes demeure multiple, malgré le rôle uniformisateur de l’école et, plus récemment, des médias de masse : prononciation « moderne », induite ou influencée par la graphie ; prononciation plus traditionnelle, transmise oralement et témoin des phénomènes linguistiques historiques ; prononciations dialectales, marquées par des archaïsmes et des caractéristiques d’ampleur locale ou régionale. Après une première partie où l’auteur définit l’aire géographique sur laquelle son travail a porté, les enjeux linguistiques de ses recherches et les outils techniques mis en œuvre, cette thèse expose dans une deuxième partie les résultats obtenus lors d’enquêtes orales effectuées auprès d’un échantillon de cinquante témoins représentatifs de la population de l’arrondissement de Cherbourg. Les formes recueillies sont analysées statistiquement et explicitées. Cette première approche permet de définir une estimation de la prononciation des noms de communes du Nord-Cotentin à l’aube du XXIe siècle et de comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui déterminent une réelle diversité des réalisations orales. Les prononciations dialectales obtenues sont également présentées et étudiées. Après cet aspect synchronique, une troisième partie est consacrée à l’aspect diachronique. Elle présente des reconstitutions hypothétiques de l’évolution phonétique de vingt-cinq toponymes et montre comment l’onomastique s’inscrit dans l’histoire plus générale de la langue, renouvelant ainsi un domaine de recherche qui néglige parfois l’oralité

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Aksholakova, Assem. "Variabilität in der Toponymie: Almaty vs. Alma-Ata." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-145325.

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With gaining the independence and the emergence of a new state the linguistic situation in Kazakhstan has been changed. The restoration and return of historical names, the fi xing of unifi ed rules of the transferring of Kazakh toponyms into other languages became the basis of national onomastic policy of independent Kazakhstan. After the law “On languages in the Republic of Kazakhstan” adopted in 1997 the activity on improvement of orthographic norms and formulation of new rules of transferring geographical names from Kazakh into Russian started. As a result of these acts many distorted names of inhabited localities and administrative-territorial units are gradually being put into an appropriate norm. Many of them are still to be corrected according to new “Law on Administrative - Territorial Structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan” (December 8, 1993.) and Presidential Decree (December 29, 1995.), Government Resolution (March 5, 1996.) where the rules on Russian transferring of Kazakh onyms were approved. Due to such activity to former capital of Kazakhstan Alma-Ata was returned its original name Almaty. Thus, in our article we decided to give our point of view on some issues relating to grammatical adaptation of toponym Almaty in Russian language.

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Baudot-Le, Touz Florence. "La formation de la toponymie routière en Bourgogne." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOL014.

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Etude des noms de voies de communication en Bourgogne. Etude générale des noms de voies de communication : historique de la route et de formation des odonymes en Bourgogne. Le traitement régional des formes françaises. Les noms de voies de communication et leur environnement : l'environnement naturel - les noms de voies de communications et l'activité humaine. Cartes. Particularités linguistiques de Bourgogne apparaissant dans quelques odonymes. Index.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Toponym'

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