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Journal articles on the topic 'Toponym'
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1
Koroleva, Inna. "Regional Onomastic Vocabulary in Linguaculturological Studies." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (February 2021): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.6.10.
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The article considers the possibility of implementing an integrated approach to the representation of a toponym in reference systems and databases, taking its linguistic and cultural specifics into account. It is shown that their informative field contains both linguistic and encyclopedic information, it is revealed that various information is encoded in the basics of toponyms: historical, geographical, social, cultural, ethnographic, linguistic aspects. Based on the material of the toponyms of Smolensk region, which are included in the electronic information system "Toponymy of Russia", created at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the implementation of an integrated approach in the presentation of a meaningful plan of toponyms is demonstrated. Cultural codes, which are contained in toponyms and reflect the national and cultural specifics of geographical names are characterized: anthropomorphic, faunal, spiritual, industrial (landscape), topomorphic (hydromorphic), emotional and characteristic, and cases of combining different codes in one toponym are described. Special attention is paid to cultural codes reflected in toponymic units with the names of geographical objects of the Russian-Belarusian border area. As a result of the conducted research, it is proposed to include information about cultural codes in the description of toponyms and present it as a separate parameter in the information system "Toponymy of Russia", which will allow users to expand their knowledge about the nominated object and its national and cultural specifics.
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Dambuev, Igor A. "Unstressed a/o Vowels in Russian Toponyms: Sources of Variation." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 3 (2023): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.3.039.
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The article examines the sources of the unstressed a/o variation in Russian toponyms spelling. This type of variation is known from the works of previous researchers of Russian toponymy and is also presented in Russia’s State Index of Place Names (SIPN), namely in the category of toponyms requiring spelling clarification. The material of the study is constituted by toponyms from the SIPN with variation in the spelling of unstressed a/o. The sources of the study are normative legal acts of the subjects of the country and municipalities, reference books of political divisions, lists of settlements and topographic maps of the 18th–21st centuries. Using different methods of onomastic research such as the analysis of name variants, etymological analysis, geolinguistic analysis, etc., the following sources for spelling variation of toponyms are identified and illustrated with examples: the influence of local dialects, de-etymologization of toponyms, hypercorrection of toponyms, the use of practical transcription rules, oral adoption of borrowed toponyms, phonetization of toponyms. The main prerequisite for variation is the unstressed position of the a/o vowels. The influence of local dialects may affect the spelling of a toponym, particularly in the case of de-etymologization, but it is not mandatory. De-etymologization manifests itself in the loss of connection with a specific appellative or anthroponym the toponym derives from. Toponymic variation is aggravated in the case of a known variation in the spelling of the corresponding appellative or anthroponym. Hypercorrection results from the urge to render a toponym in some form that feels intuitively correct. Hypercorrection and phonetization ignore both the traditions of the use of the toponym and its linguistic origin. The use of practical transcription leads to variation in the toponyms borrowed into Russian, particularly if these have traditional spellings. In the case of oral adoption of borrowed toponyms, variation occurs because of the adaptation of unfamiliar phonemes. It is noted that variation is often complex, and de-etymologization plays a crucial role.
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Dybo, Anna V., Ali Muratuly Baibossyn, Kuanyshbek K. Kenzhalin, Gulzhanat A. Begimova, Bekzhan Abdualiuly, and Vyacheslav N. Khoninov. "Revisiting the Mongolian Stratum of Kazakh Place Names." Вопросы Ономастики 21, no. 1 (2024): 27–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2024.21.1.002.
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The study examines a representative sample of toponyms located in the territory of Kazakhstan, that can potentially be of Mongolian origin. These toponyms are classified into three categories: 1) settlement names (oikonyms), 2) water body names (hydronyms), and 3) geographical feature names (oronyms). In cases of duplicate toponyms (oikonym and oronym), precedence is given to the geographical feature name, following the most common direction of toponymic transfer. The analysis investigates the significance of Mongolian names in the Kazakh language, encompassing motivational, word-formational, and etymological aspects, and proposes new hypotheses of their origin while considering earlier theories. The authors identify the main challenges faced by etymologists and toponymists and review previous authors’ unsuccessful etymological solutions. Errors detected in the data include references to Russified place names borrowed into contemporary Kazakh, inattention to early toponym records, neglect of phonetic changes in Kazakh and Mongolian, as well as their relative chronology, and disregard of potential phonetic adaptation patterns that one could expect based on the phonological peculiarities of both the source and receiving languages. The study aims to categorise place names according to the time and source of borrowing, each name being evaluated based on whether it was initially borrowed as a toponym or an appellative word that later integrated a Kazakh toponym. The analysis concludes that Kazakh toponymy of Mongolian origin (i.e. place names that were borrowed as toponyms) is predominantly recent and associated with the borders of two historical Mongolian states — the Dzungar and Kalmyk khanates.
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Sirazitdinov, Z. A., and Y. M. Absalyamov. "CREATION OF A TOPONYMIC DATABASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN FOR GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS." Tiltanym 185, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2022-1-118-134.
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Toponyms are a valuable source of language learning in diachrony, they also carry the features of national culture, national identity. Their appearance, change and disappearance are associated with the development and change of certain phenomena of the historical process. However, the value of toponymic data is not limited to the value for science and cultural studies, they also have applied value: in solving national economic problems, in the development of tourism and the formation of a single integral tourist image of the region. Taking into account the relevance of toponymic data, the article discusses the principles of creation and structure of toponymic data in the Republic of Bahskortostan. When determining the structure of the base of toponymy itself, the authors of the article consider it necessary to determine the choice of the type of classification of toponymic material. In the article, based on the consideration of existing classifications of toponyms, a database is proposed that includes the following linguistic and non-linguistic information fields: toponym in Russian, toponym in Bashkir language, object class, object subclass (object type), etymology, variant of the object name (used in language of the local population), the etymology of the variant, the type of word formation, the nature of the nomination, documentation, administrative referencing, geographical coordinates, historical and cultural content, illustrative content. The authors of the article disclose the current state of the process of creating a database, determine the stages of the upcoming work.
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Litovkina, Anna M. "Grammatical and Semantic Word-Formation of Toponymic Derivatives (on the Material of the Toponym “CИБИPЬ”)." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001021.
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The paper presents morphemic-derivational structure of toponymic derivatives (toponymy-derived formations) of proper name “Cибирь”. In revealed derived words authors identify morphemes, specify the methods of their production, provide statistics on word-formation activity of morphemes in the process of secondary nomination of toponymy-derived appellatives. Based on regional material of dialectal dictionaries they define the peculiarities of toponym’s word-formation family of words, as well as its paradigmatic relations with derived categories. Horonym “Cибирь” is considered in the context of perception by regional linguistic persona in the national toponymic space. Examples of semantic toponymy-derived word-formation are given. Thereby, in Russian language world picture it is possible to identify a set of regionally marked background knowledge, perceptions of values as well as historical and cultural characteristics of the analyzed toponym.
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Bekenova, G. "THE PRINCIPLE OF NOMINATION IN ONOMASTICS." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2022-3.02.
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Today, determining the origin of names, distinguishing their semantics are one of the difficult and complex tasks facing toponomastics. Scientists, local historians and even amateurs who want to look into the life of the early era, yesterday, delve into toponymic facts, analyze their etymology and try to reveal the meaning of the local name. Each area of toponymy is studied at different levels. Currently, there is a need to develop a scientifically based methodology for the semantics of a toponym, including a substratum toponym. Considering that such a technique can be developed only with a comprehensive study of the semantics of toponyms in each territory, in each language, along with the general, specific features of toponyms, this article draws attention to the hydronyms reflecting the criticism of the object. Also, depending on the water quality, color, shape of the hydro-object, appearance and characteristics of plants, animals, etc., a group of general semantic models is determined. This commonality, along with the national, linguistic peculiarities of the peoples, makes the main nominational criticism of the satisfaction of their consumer abilities, taking into account the benefits of the hydro-object for a person.
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Tóth, Valéria. "Linguistic Prestige and Toponym Use at the Crossroads of Languages and Cultures." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 3 (2021): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.3.033.
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The paper focuses on the general problems of ethnic and linguistic contacts, and their impact on toponymic systems. To illustrate these, the author uses empirical evidence from medieval Hungarian charters originating from the Carpathian Basin, and touches upon some later language contacts in the same area. The guiding principle of the paper is provided by the topics included in the title. First, it discusses the notion of linguistic prestige and its interpretation with regard to toponyms and the linguistic situation of the medieval Carpathian Basin. The author showcases that linguistic prestige played a significant role both in toponym borrowing and toponym use, so as it influenced the practice of medieval charter writing. Secondly, the paper highlights some of the general theoretical considerations of name-giving and toponym use which are closely related to the issue at hand. These refer to the nature of relations between toponyms and culture, as well as toponyms and identity. Finally, it investigates the phenomenon of toponym borrowing and name integration, while outlining a possible model of toponomastic analysis in relation to the latter. This model provides both a descriptive (synchronic) and historical (diachronic) framework for studying toponym pairs of different languages at different stages of name integration. The author proposes a functional approach to this model through the analysis of Hungarian–German toponym pairs, but due to its universal categories, this theoretical framework is applicable to any two languages in contact and any historical periods.
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Kuzemina, Iuliia Vladimirovna. "The toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank"." Litera, no. 11 (November 2024): 327–34. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.11.72157.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank". The subject of the study is a toponym as a nomination of a geographical object. The following methods were used in the research process: continuous sampling, field research, quantitative analysis, semantic analysis, functional analysis, contextual analysis. The result of this work is the compilation of classifications of toponyms included in the toponymic space of the novel "The Moscow Crank", based on the frequency of their use, the degree of reality / occasionality, semantics and the designated object. The field of application of the research results is fundamental and applied research in the field of philology. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank" is highlighted, and a comprehensive analysis of all toponyms used by the writer is carried out. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the toponymic space of A. Bely's novel "The Moscow Crank" is highlighted, and a comprehensive analysis of all toponyms used by the writer is carried out. As a result of the work done, it was concluded that the core of the toponymic space of the novel is the toponym Moscow, which unites around itself numerous urbanonyms associated with this city and toponyms of various types, opposed to the core of the toponymy of the work. The results obtained can be used both in further research on the analysis of Moscow microtoponymy and macrotoponymy, and for the general analysis of the onomastic and, in particular, the toponymic system of the Russian language. The results of this study also reveal the peculiarities of the influence of extralinguistic factors, in particular, cultural and socio-political factors on the development and change of both the form and semantics of geographical names.
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Bekenova, G. "HYDRONYMS OF THE NORTHERN REGION TYPOLOGY." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2022-2.01.
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Etymological analysis in toponymy involves the disclosure of the semantics of the name. The semantic aspect of the study is of great importance. Although almost all research scientists are focused on the semantics of the name, this aspect has not yet been fully analyzed. Currently, there is a need to develop a reliable, scientifically based reasoned methodology in the study of the semantics of a toponym, including a substratum toponym. Such technique can be developed only with a comprehensive study of the semantics of toponyms in each territory, in each language, along with the general, specific features of toponyms. The methodology for determining these features of semantics can be implemented through a linguistic typology that has not yet been used in toponomastics. It is clear that the work on identifying typological similarities and differences in the semantics of the toponymic system should be carried out on the basis of a large amount of material. An attempt to compare the Turkic (Kazakh) and Russian hydronyms of the northern region of Kazakhstan in this aspect and create their semantic typology is a natural phenomenon. This article will concern the hydronyms of the northern region of Kazakhstan from the point of view of semantic typology and consider the etymology of substarate hydronyms.
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Zalialetdinov, Ilnur Faridovitch, and Anastasia Vladimirovna Ageeva. "Interpretation of fantasy toponyms in French-language translated literature." Philology. Theory & Practice 17, no. 12 (December 23, 2024): 4593–97. https://doi.org/10.30853/phil20240651.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the transfer of fantasy toponyms in French-language translated literature. The article examines the toponymy of fiction of the fantasy genre, where, in addition to real-life geographical objects, there are author’s neologisms, the translation of which into a foreign language is fraught with significant difficulties. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that, for the first time, the key characteristics of the interpretation and recreation of toponymic units in fantasy literature are described and systematized on the basis of the French-language translations of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series of novels. As a result of the study, it was found that the actual strategies for the transfer of toponymy are exclusion and domestication, while the choice of specific linguistic means is directly correlated with both linguistic and non-linguistic characteristics of the unit. From the point of view of language, the etymology of the toponym is decisive, whereas the pragmatics of the unit is an extralinguistically significant factor. Considerable attention is paid to the semantics of lexical units and their correlation with reality, which often determine the choice of specific linguistic means of transmitting a fantasy toponym in French.
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Djindan, Nabillah, and Multamia RMT Lauder. "TOPONIMI GUNUNG SEMERU." JURNAL PESONA 6, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52657/jp.v6i2.1372.
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AbstrakToponimi adalah ilmu yang mempunyai obyek studi tentang penamaan rupabumi. Unsur rupabumi yang menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian ini adalah Gunung Semeru (3.676 mdpl). Data diperoleh berdasarkan pemetaan ekspedisi sejak abad ke-19 untuk memperhatikan perubahan nama gunung, perkamusan untuk menelusuri makna nama gunung, dan data pendukung lain seperti tradisi lisan maupun sejarahHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa toponim Semeru sudah ada sejak abad ke-19 dalam peta ekspedisi Belanda. Pada temuan selanjutnya bahwa toponim Semeru pada proses semiosis pertama menandakan konsep budaya yang tertanam dalam pikiran masyarakat bahwa Gunung Semeru merupakan ancaman, proses semiosis kedua menandakan konsep budaya yang menamakan dataran tinggi dengan bahasa Jawa berdasarkan bentuknya, yaitu Gumuk, Redi, dan Wukir. Proses semiosis tersebut diturunkan lagi ke dalam dua interpretasi, yakni toponim Semeru yang berkaitan dengan agama.Kata Kunci: etimologi, semeru, semiosis, toponimi AbstractToponymy is the science that has the object of study about topographical naming. The topographical element of concern in this study is Mount Semeru (3,676 masl). Data is obtained based on expedition mapping since the 19th century to pay attention to changes in mountain names, forecasting to trace the meaning of mountain names, and other supporting data such as oral traditions and history. The results showed that Semeru toponym had been around since the 19th century on a map of the Dutch expedition. In subsequent findings that Semeru toponym in the first semiosis process signifies a cultural concept embedded in the mind of the community that Mount Semeru is a threat, the second semiosis process signifies a cultural concept that calls the plateau with Javanese based on its form, Gumuk, Redi, and Wukir. The semiosis process is reduced again into two interpretations, namely Semeru toponym which is related to religion.Keywords: etymology, semeru, semiosis, toponymy
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Kiyko, Svitlana, and Ivan Yakubovych. "SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TOPONYMS IN GERMANY." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 843 (July 2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2023.843.36-46.
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The article focuses on the taxonomic study оf toponyms, based on semantic and etymological information. A toponym is a word or phrase used to indicate, denote, or identify a geographic locality. The purpose of the study is to describe comprehensively the toponymic system of the German language on a broad typological background. The object of the study is a toponymy localized in the modern borders of Germany. The subject of scientific consideration are the semantic and linguistic-cultural features of German toponyms. German-language toponymy is described as an object-system in the general language system. Toponymy divides place-names into two broad categories: habitation names and feature names. A habitation name denotes a peopled locality, and usually dates from the locality’s inception. Feature names refer to natural or physical features of the landscape and are subdivided into hydronyms (water features), oronyms (relief features), and places of natural vegetation growth (meadows, glades, groves). The systematicity of toponymy stems from the recognition of language as a system with appropriate structures and internal relations. The toponymic system is a part of the general linguistic system, while it is an object-system of a higher rank in relation to systems of a lower rank (hydronymic, oikonymic, oronymic, etc.). The choice of potential toponyms used for the nomination of geographical objects is determined by the physical and geographical environment and social conditions, which leads to the manifestation of compression and minimization of linguistic means used in the toponymic system of a certain territory. All types of toponymic derivation are based on the associative nature of human thinking. Speakers establish associations by contiguity by reinterpreting the meaning, so toponymic derivatives are different in semantics from the original units.
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Włoskowicz, Wojciech. "Homeland on Foreign Maps: Toponymy of Western Ukraine on Austrian, Interwar-Polish, and Soviet Topographic Maps with Special Focus on Toponymy of the Carpathian Mountains." Names 71, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2023.2598.
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The goal of this research was to examine the linguistic properties of Western Ukraine’s toponymy as presented on Austrian, interwar-Polish, and Soviet topographic maps from the late 18th century to the 1980s. The research question was, “To what extent does this toponymy include languages other than Ukrainian?” As this article demonstrates, the changing toponymy corresponds with general language policies implemented in Western Ukraine by foreign states. The analysis in this work comprises 1,741 toponymic forms that refer to 207 geographical features on nine multi-sheet topographic maps. The toponyms examined are mainly oikonyms. The data collection was limited to the districts of eastern Galicia where Ukrainian speakers outnumbered Polish speakers by at least three to one. Given that linguistic context, it comes as no surprise that examples of non-vernacular “polonized” toponym forms were found to be especially prevalent in this examination. The general finding of this research is that the toponymies of Austrian and Polish maps comprise a mixture of Ukrainian and Polish/Polonized forms. The toponymic “polonization” was quite inconsistent and may reflect the diverse periods and forms of Polish policies.
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LISOVSKY, Andrii, Vladyslav HARBAR, and Stanislav PRYDETKEVICH. "GEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES OF TOPONYM OF KHMELNYTSKYI REGION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.2.
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The study and research of geographical names, a separate administrative region, makes it possible to analyze how the influence and role of natural resources, the history of settlement and development of the territory have affected the life of the population. Geographical nomenclature of a certain territory is called toponymy of this region. Toponymy is especially important for such disciplines as physical geography, topography, local history, historical geography, cartography, economic and social geography.
In this article the concept of toponyms is considered, their classification is given. The toponymic zoning of Khmelnytskyi region is proposed. The influence of geographical, historical, cultural conditions on the emergence of toponyms of Khmelnytskyi region is investigated. The process of decommunization and derussification of geographical names of the studied territory is highlighted.
The analysis of the source base shows that the toponymy of Khmelnytskyi region is closely connected with the history of the region, especially with its settlement. The toponymic system of Khmelnytskyi region under the influence of different epochs underwent constant changes that influenced the process of toponym formation.
After analyzing the formation of the names of 131 rivers in Khmelnytskyi region, the length of which is more than 10 km, we obtained the following results: the largest number of names are formed by the characteristic properties (features) of water bodies, namely 23.3%. Also, a large number of names are related to the location of the water body - 20%. The smallest number of names are related to soil features - 1.5%. Of the 18 analyzed names of lakes in Khmelnytskyi region, the largest number of names are associated with the location of the water body, namely 6 names (Lake Krugle, Lake Ezerske, Lake Novostavske, Lake Terebizh, Lake Lisova Pisnya, Lake Lisove).
Comonyms and astionyms of Khmelnytskyi region are divided into thirteen groups. The largest number of names of rural settlements are derived from a person's own name or surname (37.3%). Out of 37 analyzed astionyms 16 belong to anthroponyms. The largest number of settlements whose names are derived from a person's own name or surname. The smallest number oikonyms are of memorial origin (1.5%)
On the basis of spatial localization of types of settlements similar in topoformant and uniqueness of their correlation, objectively existing hierarchical units of zoning were distinguished. The calculation of morphometric, as well as spatial toponymic characteristics of oikonyms of Khmelnytsky region, allowed to allocate: Volyn macro-region (1 rayon and 2 sub-rayons); Podil macro-region (3 rayons and 9 sub-rayons); Pivdenopodilskyi macro-region (2 rayons and 4 sub-rayons).
Within the framework of decommunization and de-Russification in the Khmelnytskyi region during 2022, more than 800 streets and lanes were renamed, and about 1300 more objects should be renamed.
Prospects for using the results of the study. The materials of this publication can be used for further decommunization and de-Russification of geographical names in Khmelnytskyi region. The developed scheme of toponymic zoning of Khmelnytskyi region can be taken into account in the toponymic zoning of the territory of Ukraine.
Key words: toponyms, homonyms, hydronyms, oikonyms, decommunization, de-Russification.
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George, Johnny. "Using the ANPS Typology to Unearth the Relationship Between Japanese Sign Language (JSL) Endonymic Toponym Distribution and Regional Identity." Names 71, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2023.2563.
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This study examines Japanese Sign Language (JSL) toponym distribution by categorizing 184 JSL endonymic toponyms via the Blair & Tent (2020) Australian National Placename Survey (ANPS) typology. Toponyms from the National Sign Language Toponym Map (Japan Federation of the Deaf et al. 2009) were collected and sorted by categories into a spreadsheet, which maintained token counts. Topographical category distribution shows that the Kinki region, which has a strong historical connection to Japan's national identity, has a disproportionately large number of signs related to commemorative eponyms. Past work on sign language toponyms has demonstrated the salience of social and structural factors on toponym spread and production. This study contributes to the understanding of toponym etiology by revealing how the incorporation of regional identity indices might support the preservation of particular kinds of toponyms.
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Włoskowicz, Wojciech. "Cartographers and geographers as toponym users, creators, and promoters. A linguistic perspective on cartographic and textual dissemination of geographical names." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-404-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cartographers and geographers constitute a special and in some way privileged group of toponym users and toponym creators. The principles of establishing and using geographical names by the mentioned scientists and professionals are determined by various superior scientific, legal, political or administrative regulations that are, generally speaking, not known and not observed by the general public in their general language use. However, the use of geographical names by general public is directly or indirectly influenced by name choices and name creations made by cartographers and geographers.</p><p>Nevertheless, neither cartographers nor geographers are independent “toponymic decision-makers”. Being privileged toponym users and creators, they are still only one “collective” player in a much broader and much more complex constellation of actors and factors such as: local communicative communities, already existing texts and previous maps, linguistic norm of a given language in which toponyms are meant to be used (or in which a map is to be prepared), toponymic codification of various types (official/linguistic/scientific codification), and superior (mainly legal) guidelines of language and toponymic policy of a given country. In other words: in their toponymic choices cartographers and geographers are both the influencing and the influenced ones.</p><p>The privileges which cartographers and geographers enjoy as toponym users and creators result mainly form the fact that the texts they create (and these comprise maps as well) are often automatically perceived by the general public as somehow prestigious, correct or even normative. On the other hand, the way geographers design toponyms as labels for geographical concepts differs from the “natural” and “spontaneous” way most toponyms were created or rather “came into being” in the past. The geographically and cartographically named objects are “defined” on the basis of scientific (e.g. physiographical or geological) criteria, which is obviously not the case with the geographical features “intuitively” perceived by laypeople both now and in the past.</p><p>The aim of the proposed paper is to provide an outline of a general (top)onomastic model of textual-normative dissemination of geographical names and to use this model in description and explanation of the special role cartographers and geographers play in fixing, establishing, propagating, and creating geographical names. Taking a different perspective, one could put the aim of the paper the following way as well: the goal is to describe cartographers and geographers as language users within the very specific and narrow scope of toponym use.</p>
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Windiastuti, Rizka, Adila Alfa Krisnadhi, and Indra Budi. "Toponym Extraction and Disambiguation from Text: A Survey." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2025): 418. https://doi.org/10.62527/joiv.9.1.2763.
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Toponym is an essential element of geospatial information. Traditionally, toponyms are collected in a gazetteer through field surveys that require significant resources, including labor, time, and money. Nowadays, we can utilize social media and online news portals to collect event locations or toponyms from the text. This article presents a survey of studies that focus on the extraction and disambiguation of toponyms from textual documents. While toponym extraction aims to identify toponyms from the text, toponym disambiguation determines their specific locations on the earth. The survey covered articles published between January 2015 and April 2023, presented in English, and gathered from five major journal databases. The survey was conducted by adopting the Kitchenham guidelines, consisting of an initial article search, article selection, and annotation process to facilitate the reporting phase. We employed Mendeley as a reference management tool and NVivo to categorize certain parts of the articles that are the focal points of interest in this survey. The primary focus of the survey was on the methods or approaches performed in the research articles to extract and disambiguate toponyms. Additionally, we also discuss some general challenges in toponym research, different applications for toponym extraction and disambiguation, data sources, and the use of languages other than English in the studies. The survey confirms that each approach has its limitations. Extracting and disambiguating toponyms from text is complex and challenging, especially for low-resource languages. We also suggest some research directions related to toponym extraction and disambiguation that could enrich the gazetteer.
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Otsomieva-Tagirova, Zabihat M., and Sapiyakhanum M. Temirbulatova. "Modeling of space functions in the toponymic system of Dagestan languages." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 2, no. 2 (March 2024): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.2.2-24.022.
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The article attempts to present the possibilities of using the modeling method to study the toponymic space in Dagestan languages. A field model of the toponymic space of Avar, Dargin and Kaitag settlements is proposed, taking into account the methods of nomination and education considered through the prism of the case system of these languages. The reference to the category of space in our work is primarily due to the fact that Dagestan languages have a developed system of spatial cases, the forms of which are reflected in their rich toponymic nomenclature. The toponym, as you know, is the “name of the place”, the designation of a point on the surface of the earth. The article discusses approaches to the definition of space functions in the toponymic system of Dagestan languages. The purpose of the work is to identify and compare various functional explanations of the essence of space in the toponymic system of related languages. The article describes the toponymic systems of the Avar, Dargin languages and the Haidak dialect of the Dargin language as the most interesting linguistic units in terms of expressing locative meanings in Dagestan toponymy. The characteristics of toponyms considered from the standpoint of their cognitive and cultural understanding are shown. Dagestan toponymy is defined by names formed by means of spatial case formants, the model of which is the most characteristic, ancient and archaic.
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Duncan, Daniel. "“Missouree Was Always Out of Step with Missourah”." Names 70, no. 3 (August 22, 2022): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2022.2383.
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Language users can create moral geographies, in which values are mapped in space, by indexically linking values and spatial referents. One understudied aspect of linguistic practice in this domain is the role of toponyms in constructing a moral geography. This investigation illustrates how sociolinguistic variants of a toponym can be used to construct a moral geography. I take as a case study sociolinguistic variation in the US state name Missouri, which can be produced as Missouree or Missourah. Qualitative analysis of a set of local newspaper columns shows these variants can be used as place names. However, they do not distinguish regions of physical space. Rather, the variants label moral spaces by setting each variant on opposing ends of cultural, geographic, and political axes of contrast. Because their primary role is to label moral space, I suggest that toponymic studies should consider the kind of geography that a toponym labels space within. I consider the usage here to be examples of “moral toponyms”, in contrast to traditional toponyms which label physical space.
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Borovsky, Andrei, and Elena Rakovskaya. "Research of Toponyms of the Irkutsk Region Using the Method of Artificial Intelligence." Bulletin of Baikal State University 31, no. 3 (October 22, 2021): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(3).382-390.
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Essential issues of toponymy presuppose studying separate words to reconstruct the denotative meaning of geographical names that were lost in the modern language and to find out how the peculiarities of the local topography, the inhabitants’ activities, etc. are reflected in them. It is possible to solve this kind of problems using intellectual methods of data analysis on the basis of information technologies. However, in scientific literature on toponymy, such methods are practically ignored. The article is devoted to the study of the origin and semantic meanings of geographical names based on finding semantic associates and calculating the semantic similarity of words using the embedding model. According to the proposed method, the origin of some toponyms of the Irkutsk region was determined, their semantic relations were revealed. The dichotomy method was used for toponyms that have two roots in their structure. This made it possible to improve the operation of the model by clarifying the morphemic composition of the original word. The method of word transformation was used to determine the etymology of the toponym «Moscow». We have received new versions of the origin of the toponym. It is shown that the application of the methods based on distributive semantics and vector representation of words, obtained on the basis of large arrays of text data, significantly expands the possibilities of research in the field of determining the origin of toponyms and clarifying their meaning.
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Lipatova, Ye V. "Hephyronyms in the structure of the Samarkand text." Neophilology 10, no. 4 (November 28, 2024): 871–78. https://doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2024-10-4-871-878.
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INTRODUCTION. Recently, the peripheral categories of onomastics have become the object of onomastic research, which include the name of the proper bridge – gephyronyms. This term is not noted in the most famous Dictionary of Russian Onomastic Terminology by N.V. Podolskaya. Being a meaningful independent unit of knowledge in the onomastic consciousness of native speakers, gephironim exist in a system-centric form and in an anthropocentric dimension, implementing the urban text. Understanding the essence of the toponym as a text goes back to the ideas of M.V. Gorbanevsky, who believed that the versatility of the components of a toponym is related to the toponym-text. The purpose of the study is to consider the spatial locus of the city of Samarkand based on the material of gephironim texts, which can unfold and represent known extralinguistic and cultural knowledge, representing the city-text.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The following methods are used in the study: observation, semiotic and semantic analysis, interpretation method. Empirical context of the study of – gephyronyms of Samarkand, recorded on the city map and in reference books, which are the object of scientific interest of the author.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A person fills the space of the city with specific toponymic units involved in the formation of the urban text, which allows “to read” the city. The coherence and integrity of the urban text are formed by toponyms-texts, the meanings of which include the following components: address, chronological, historical and cultural, local history, national-cultural, text, and this series remains open.CONCLUSION. Certain properties of the Samarkand text are reflected in toponym texts. Since any toponym performs an iconic function and urban semiotics is intertextual, each individual toponym-text enters into an intertextual relationship with another toponym-text, forming an urban text with onomastic information.
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Isaev, Yuriy Nikolaevich. "Volga toponym "Shigali" (etymological and folklore subjects)." Development of education, no. 1 (1) (September 25, 2018): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-21487.
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The article considers the etymology of the toponym Shigali. the spread of chuvash names of settlements as the chuvashes move from the lower reaches of the Volga to the Wild Field. Borrowed elements in the Chuvash language from Arabic, Mari languages are fixed. The identification of a number of historical data on the basis of archival sources allows us to consider the historical and etymological branch of the prevalence of the Shigali oikonym in different lexical variations and phonetic variants. Materials on toponymy of the Chuvash region from the point of view of different scientists are also considered. The key goal of the study, which is described in this article, is simple - to "read" the history of native land in the language of toponymy is very interesting. Everyone reads it as far as possible – who as a simple man, who as a scientific. To understand it correctly, a complex historical analysis and classification of toponyms is needed. The language of our native land is rich and eloquent and a person who can read toponymy, it can tell infinitely many interesting things.
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Mukhamedov, Yoqubjon Q. "THE ANALYSIS OF CHACH TOPONYM IN WRITTEN AND ARCHEOLOGIC SOURCES." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume02issue12-12.
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This article is based on an analysis of information provided in written and archeological sources on the toponym Chach, and it analyses issues related to the etymology and toponymy of the oasis name. The article is based on information from various sources including Greek, Chinese, Persian, Arabic and other ones, as well as the toponymic location of the oasis and the socio-economic life of the population is analyzed.
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Kovlakas, Elena F. "ON THE STUDY OF TOPONYMS IN COGNITIVE ASPECT." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 13, no. 4 (January 31, 2022): 326–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-326-354.
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Purpose. The article is a review of scientific research on toponymy in the cognitive aspect. Toponyms as proper names contain communicative pragmatics, the ability to transmit national and cultural information about the objects of reality. For a long time, researchers have tied a toponym to a geographical object, ignoring the sensory side of cognition, from which the perception of the object of reality (geographical object) begins. The study of toponyms in the cognitive aspect goes back to objects and their perception, to the anthropological paradigm in linguistics.
It is quite obvious that the problem of “person / language” is becoming increasingly relevant in linguistics, its solution making it possible to go beyond the language and pay attention to the person. We have made an attempt to systematize scientific research, establish links between existing theories and expand the range of toponymic research.
Methodology. As a method of scientific research, we have chosen a review of the scientific literature on the chosen topic, which allows us to systematize research and propose a direction that has not been thoroughly studies so far, while being, in our opinion, of particular importance.
Results. The main research paradigms are analyzed, the features of regional toponymic systems are highlighted, the need for expanding toponymic research in the direction of forming a toponymic picture of the world of a particular region is justified.
Practical implications. The results of the study may be of interest for the theory of language, archeology, history, ethnography, geography, as well as for further toponymic studies.
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Fedosyuk, M. Yu. "On the Reasons for the Growth of Analyticism and Productivity of Non-Idiomatic Nominations in the Russian Language of our Days." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 19. Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Issue №4_2022 (December 31, 2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu-2074-1588-19-2022-4-9-19.
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The article is aimed at finding ways for a systematically grounded determination of the causes of diachronic changes in any language, i.e. at the creation a way to explain any linguistic changes not by arbitrarily chosen single causes, but as a result of the interaction of social factors and intralinguistic factors caused by them. The article focuses on two processes taking place in the modern Russian language: the loss of declension by toponyms ending in -in(o), -ov(o) (for example, Ya zhivu v Pushkino / Butovo instead of Ya zhivu v Pushkine / Butove) and the replacement of the toponymic model Pushkinskaya ulitsa (ʻPushkin streetʼ) with the model ulitsa Pushkina (ʻthe street of Pushkinʼ). It is shown that the initial cause of both phenomena is social. It consists in strengthening the internal migration of the Russian population, as well as in the widespread dissemination of the media. As a result, the language community begins to consist of such native speakers who previously lived in different regions of the country or belonged to different social groups and therefore have mismatched background knowledge. The inability to rely on the knowledge of the recipients forces senders of messages, firstly, to avoid using am- biguous case forms (for example, when following the old norm in the sentence Ya zhivu v Pushkine, it remains unclear what the initial form of the toponym is: Pushkin or Pushkino), and secondly, to avoid using idiomatic toponymic models, since they do not make it possible to determine from which word the toponym is derived (the modern non-idiomatic toponym ulitsa Akademika Komarova (ʻStreet of Academician Komarovʼ) is much more unambiguous than the toponyms Komarovskaya ulitsa (ʻKomarovskaya Streetʼ) or ulitsa Komarovka (ʻKomarovka Streetʼ) built according to the old model).
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Hoffmann, István. "A Magyar Nemzeti Helynévtár Programról." Helynévtörténeti Tanulmányok 17 (December 31, 2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35528/helynevtort/17/08.
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On the Hungarian National Toponym Registry The paper introduces the key antecedents of the Hungarian National Toponym Registry Program supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and presents the main motivations behind the research project and its chief objectives. The prehistory of a comprehensive Hungarian toponym registry goes back to the dictionaries presenting the corpus of common nouns. In the second half of the 19th century, at the time of the creation of the Dictionary of the Hungarian language (A magyar nyelv szótára, CzF.), it was Frigyes Pesty who first organized com¬prehensive toponym collection activities in 1864. In the middle of the 20th century, the publication of the Explanatory dictionary of the Hungarian language (A ma¬gyar nyelv értelmező szótára, ÉrtSz.) coincided with the second major toponym collection project. It was also due to their inefficacy, however, that at the time of the publication of the Comprehensive dictionary of the Hungarian language (A magyar nyelv nagy szótára, Nszt.) those aspirations also appeared that focused on the creation of digital toponym registries that culminated in the plan for the Hungarian National Toponym Registry. This work was carried out in the topo¬nymist workshops of the University of Debrecen and Eötvös Loránd University but practically all toponym scholars have joined the program both from Hungary and the trans-border regions. The fact that this program needs to be carried out now is made even clearer by two circumstances. First, the population decrease of Hungarians outside Hungary and the continuous shrinking of the Hungarian language area. Second, the pro¬cesses of social modernization that significantly modify the ways people use space and thus also affect toponym awareness. Under these circumstances, the collection of toponyms still used today may also be considered as a way of saving linguistic and cultural records and heritage. The toponym registry also containing historical toponyms provides unparalleled resources for a host of academic dis¬ciplines while also enriching Hungarian toponym culture. In line with strict professional requirements, the Hungarian National Toponym Registry is created as a digital database but the material included in it will also be published in print form. Due to the magnitude of the work, hundreds of experts participate in it. The academic basis of the program is provided by universities of the Carpathian Basin offering programs in Hungarian Studies where special activ¬ities are offered primarily for Hungarian majors, also supported by online educa¬tional materials. The Hungarian National Toponym Registry is an exceptional opportunity for Hungarian toponomastics for the creation of a comprehensive toponym registry covering the entire Hungarian language area and representing both contemporary and historical name usage.
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Lipatova, Y. V. "Representation of the Samarkand text in the linguocognitive aspect." Neophilology 10, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2024-10-1-67-75.
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INTRODUCTION. The relevance of the study of the Samarkand text is due to the development of many issues related to the development of text theory and linguocognitive tradition in linguistics: the Samarkand text allows, on one toponym Samarkand, to identify a system of cognitive contexts, or conceptual thematic areas that underlie the formation of various meanings and senses that reflect information about certain facts and phenomena of reality associated with the toponym Samarkand. The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship of the toponym Samarkand with conceptual areas based on the identified characteristics and determine the status of the toponym as a special type of linguistic organization of knowledge.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material is poems in which the toponym Samarkand is presented. The collection of toponymic material is carried out using the continuous sampling method. The cognitive matrix method is used to describe the formats of toponymic knowledge.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Turning to the format of the cognitive matrix made it possible to show how universal human knowledge about the structure of the surrounding reality behind the toponymic unit Samarkand is formatted.CONCLUSION. The status of the toponym Samarkand as a special type of linguistic organization of knowledge is determined, the role of the prevailing conceptual and thematic areas that form the content of the Samarkand text is revealed.
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Mukhamedov, Yakubdjan K. "ANALYSIS OF CHOCH TOPONYM IN WRITTEN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES." Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan 03, no. 02 (March 1, 2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jsru-03-02-04.
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In this article, based on the analysis of information given in the written and archeological sources on the toponym of Choch, the issues related to the etymology and toponymy of the name of the oasis are analyzed. In the article, sources belonging to different periods, in particular Greek, Chinese, Persian, Arabic and other sources, along with information from archeological mainly numismatic materials, were considered. Also, the toponymic name of the oasis, its location, the socio-economic life of the population, and the opinions of the researchers were analyzed on a scientific basis.
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Humaidi, Humaidi, Umasih Umasih, M. Fakhruddin, Abrar Abrar, M. Hasmi Yanuardi, R. Wisnubroto, and Firdaus Hadi Santosa. "Pendampingan Penulisan Toponim Kabupaten Karawang Untuk Guru Sejarah di Karawang." Satwika : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (December 25, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/satwika.010203.
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ABSTACT
This Community Service Activity is an activity based on community assistance to write and produce a local history product for its own environment. This is based on an analysis of the situation and needs of the people who do not have historical records and only rely on memories.
The method used is service learning, which is divided into two activities that are synchronous and asynchronous. Synchronous consists of delivering material and presentations, while asynchronous is in the form of guidance on writing Karawang toponyms. The participants who took part in this Community Service Activity were 62 history teachers who produced a history book on the toponym of Karawang.
The results of this dedication show that history teachers have a strong interest in toponymy or local history. The process of finding sources, both literature study and field visits, provides an experience of researching history that strengthens soft skills in historical research.
ABSTRAK
Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah sebuah kegiatan yang berbasis pendampingan masyarakat untuk menulis dan menghasilkan sebuah produk sejarah lokal lingkungannya sendiri. Hal ini didasarkan atas sebuah analisis situasi kebutuhan masyarakat yang belum memiliki catatan sejarahnya dan hanya mengandalkan ingatan saja.
Metode yang digunakan adalah service learning yang terbagi menjadi dua kegiatan yaitu synchronous dan asynchronous. Anchronous terdiri atas penyampaian materi dan presentasi, sedangkan asynchronous berupa bimbingan penulisan toponim karawang. Peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan PkM ini adalah sebanyak 62 guru sejarah yang menghasilkan sebuah buku sejarah mengenai toponim Karawang.
Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa para guru sejarah memiliki ketertarikan yang kuat terhadap toponimi atau sejarah local. Proses pencarian sumber, baik study literatur dan kunjungan lapangan, memberikan sebuah pengalaman meneliti sejarah yang memperkuat sofskill dalam penelitian sejarah.
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Kulavkova, Katica. "Enforced linguistic conversion: translation of the Macedonian toponyms in the 20th century." Slavia Meridionalis 12 (August 31, 2015): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2012.012.
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Enforced linguistic conversion: translation of the Macedonian toponyms in the 20th centuryThe article deals with the issue of forced conversion of Macedonian toponyms, considered as a form of linguistic and cultural dislocation or luxation (the Latin luxatio originating from luxus – dislocated). The toponyms are not just eminently linguistic but also a part of civilization’s memory of nations and of humankind, and that is why they are protected by international regulations. The act of translating toponyms from one language to another, within the frames of culturally and ethnically marked space, is undeniable violence against the cultural heritage. A change of a toponym, its forced translation into another language is, according to these legal acts, a crime against culture. For a toponym is a true reflection of historical facts and historical memories. Toponyms can be transcribed onto a different alphabet, letter‑by‑letter (transliteration), but should not be translated, especially not on the territory which is their civilization’s cradle, where they are practiced and inherited. Violent conversion of toponyms is an introduction to conversion of historical narratives and modern ethno‑cultural identities. History shows that there are violent forms of linguistic, cultural, religious and ethnic dislocations. The example of radical dislocation of Macedonian toponyms is probably one of the few in modern history. It has been taking place over an almost entire century – from the 1920s to the 21st century’s first decade. Macedonian toponyms, for centuries present on the territory of ethnic Macedonia (for which there is indisputable evidence), are being dislocated from their original linguistic/cultural context within several national entities: the Greek, Albanian and – paradoxically – Macedonian states. Such violent translation of toponyms is not devoid of geopolitical consequences.The conversions of Macedonian toponyms are just a step towards a systematic negation of the Macedonian linguistic and cultural identity, and with that, they deny the right of Macedonian people for their own national country, for every negation lies under the intention of re‑interpreting and retouching the historical reality.Wymuszona konwersja językowa: tłumaczenie macedońskich toponimów w XX wiekuW artykule podjęto zagadnienia związane z wymuszoną konwersją toponimów macedońskich, co może być traktowane jako forma językowego i kulturowego przemieszczenia / zwichnięcia / luxatio (łac. luxatio, luxare, luxus – zwichnięcie). Toponimy są nie tylko szczególnymi znakami językowymi, świadczą też o cywilizacyjnej pamięci narodów i całej ludzkości, stanowią przy tym odbicie faktów i dziedzictwa kulturowego, chronionego mocą międzynarodowych regulacji prawnych. Przekład toponimów z jednego języka na inny w ramach jednej przestrzeni kulturowej i etnicznej oznacza niewątpliwie przemoc wobec tego dziedzictwa. Zamiana toponimu i jego wymuszone tłumaczenie na inny język na mocy ustanawianych w tym celu aktów prawnych staje się przestępstwem (zbrodnią) wobec kultury. Toponim jest bowiem rzeczywistym odbiciem faktów i wspomnień historycznych. Toponimy można przepisywać innym alfabetem, litera po literze (łac. transliteratio), ale nie można ich przekładać, zwłaszcza na terytorium, na którym były ustanowione, stosowane i dziedziczone. Wymuszona zamiana prowadzi faktycznie do przekształcenia narracji historycznych i tożsamości etniczno‑kulturowej. Historia dowodzi, że istnieją pewne formy przemocy prowadzące do dyslokacji językowej, religijnej i etnicznej. Radykalna rewizja macedońskich toponimów zidentyfikowanych jako słowiańskie jest prawdopodobnie jednym z nielicznych przykładów, jakie zna współczesna historia. Tak dzieje się od prawie stu lat – od początku 1920 roku aż do pierwszej dekady XXI stulecia. Toponimy, które pojawiły się na etnicznym terytorium Macedonii (na co istnieją niezaprzeczalne dowody), zostały przemieszczone z ich pierwotnego kontekstu językowego / kulturowego w ramach kilku podmiotów regulujących: greckiego, albańskiego i – jak się paradoksalnie wydaje – macedońskiego. Ten rodzaj zakłóceń językowych ma swoje geopolityczne konsekwencje.Wprowadzone zmiany toponimów świadczą o systematycznej negacji macedońskiej tożsamości językowej i kulturowej, a w konsekwencji o procesie negowania prawa narodu macedońskiego do własnego państwa narodowego, gdyż główną intencją każdej negacji jest reinterpretacja, przetwarzanie i zmiana rzeczywistości historycznej.
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Szőke, Melinda. "Historical Toponomastics and the Study of Medieval Hungarian Forged Chartres: Chronological Layers of the Pécsvárad Abbey Founding Charter." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 1 (2023): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.1.003.
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Charters written in Latin containing vernacular toponyms represent important sources in the early history of European toponymic system. Besides authentic and original charters, there are numerous forged charters and charters that can be read only in later copies. The umbrella term used for such documents is charters with an uncertain chronological status. From the perspective of historical toponomastics and linguistics, we may suppose the existence of multiple chronological layers in such documents. The author uses the example of the Pécsvárad Abbey Charter to introduce a method for distinguishing these layers using the charter’s toponymic data and the methods of historical toponomastics. Primarily, it takes to identify possible chronological periods that can be reflected in the studied charter, followed by the subsequent linguistic analysis of the language forms attested in the document with a special focus on place names as the key elements of the charter’s content. The author emphasises two techniques of analysing toponymic materials of charters that can help clarify the chronological attribution of specific forms: the comparative analysis of the Latin naming constructions largely used in Hungarian medieval charters and displaying a distinct statistical pattern in their evolution, and the method of toponym reconstruction which consists in establishing the possible evolution of the toponym based on a variety of linguistic, historical and geographical data and language laws. The first method helps isolate parts of the text that can relate to a specific chronological layer, while the application of the second leads to outlining the relative chronology of the toponym change and thus to attributing its form attested in the charter to a particular period of time. Although the analysis relies on one single Hungarian charter, it has wider-ranging consequences and may be applied to other Latin medieval sources that include toponymic units in other “vulgar” languages.
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LEKIĆ, Petar. "ON A TOPONYM IN THREE CHARTERS OF VRANJINA MONASTERY." Lingua Montenegrina 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.46584/lm.v16i2.464.
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The author of this paper analyzes a toponym mentioned in the three charters of Vranjina monastery. The subject toponym is Miholj brod on river Plavnica, which is used differently in language, as a derivative of its original form. Furthermore, by analyzing the same-origin toponyms, the author concludes that its name presents an older medieval form.
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Linko, Alla. "Die antiken Ortsnamen mit griechischer und lateinischer Etymologie im Ebenen Kilikien." Graeco-Latina Brunensia, no. 2 (2024): 79–111. https://doi.org/10.5817/glb2024-2-7.
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This article is devoted to a historical and philological analysis of the ancient toponymy of the Cilician Plain (Κιλικία πεδιάς) – a region of Asia Minor lying at the junction of Anatolia and Syria. Ancient toponyms of Greek and Latin origin are studied in detail for etymology, morphological structure and lexico-semantic features. Particular attention is paid to the use of toponyms in texts of different times, as well as epigraphic and numismatic sources, recording all surviving attestations, as well as to the problem of identifying the original form of a toponym and its etymologization. The features of the renaming of geographical objects in the Hellenistic-Roman period are considered. The paper contains an attempt to create a general classification of ancient Greek and Latin toponyms of Plain Cilicia according to chronology and to determine the word-formation models of toponyms peculiar to each historical period. The question of the possible attribution of some toponyms to the epoch of the «Sea Peoples» is being considered.
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Latifah Anum and Mhd Isman. "Toponimi Nama-Nama Desa Di Kecamatan Bangun Purba Kabupaten Deli Serdang: Kajian." Sintaks: Jurnal Bahasa & Sastra Indonesia 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/sin.v3i1.573.
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Toponymy is a science that has an object of study about toponyms in general and about geographical names in particular. The purpose of this study was to find out the toponym or origin of village names in the Bangun Purau subdistrict, Deli Regency, Serdang, for anthropolinguistic studies. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Source of data In this study, the source of data used a snowball approach (Snowball Sample), namely the determination of informants based on initial informant references. The data analysis technique is to collect data directly from the results of interviews by informants which are then analyzed based on toponymy aspects according to Surdayat's theory. The results of the analysis carried out can draw the conclusion that there is a toponymy of village names in the Bangun ancient sub-district, Deli district, Serdang anthropolinguistic studies.
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Babayev, Natig Gubad, Zaur Tahir Imrani, and Aynur Ramazan Zakirova. "Ethnos with Turkish Ancestry in the Toponymic Background of the Territory of Azerbaijan." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): e03512. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n7-009.
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Objective: Research shows that parallel toponyms exist in different types of toponymy, including oikonymy, oronymy, and hydronymy. Comparative analysis of parallel toponyms reveals that the people's ethnic origin, household, economic activity, and other areas are reflected here. Agriculture, cattle breeding, primarily sheep and horse breeding, crafts, and other fields had a special place in the life of the Turkic peoples. The mentioned economic fields are also of some importance in the toponymy of Azerbaijan. The large number of toponymic parallels of Azerbaijan and other Turkic-speaking countries once again proves the settlement of Turkic-speaking peoples in these areas since ancient times. Method: Every event or object can be studied from a certain point of view, which reflects the ultimate task of cognition. In the research process, certain concepts were clarified by using analysis and synthesis methods. Results: Examining the dictionary of geographical names of Turkic-speaking countries, information books, maps, and other materials shows that the toponyms of the countries of the Turkic world correspond to each other according to their linguistic affiliation, origin, and meaning. It is known that each of the Turkic peoples has its own ethnic name and language. Conclusions: Examining the residing areas of Turkic-speaking peoples elucidates that unlike peoples of Indo-European origin who settled in different continents, Turks live in the areas where they historically lived. These areas mainly cover a large extent, including some parts of the Asian continent, southeastern Europe, the northern part of the Caucasus, the South Caucasus, and South Azerbaijan. The units involved in the processes of the generation of names in the Azerbaijani system of toponyms are different, and this difference is clearly manifested. Toponyms are created gradually and in a consistent manner. When giving a geographic name to any object, all aspects of the language to which the name belongs are carefully contemplated. In this case, when conducting research on the origin of a toponym, it becomes easier and more reliable to find out to which language the object belongs. Research conducted for many years shows that most toponyms in the region, as well as paleotoponyms, are of ancient Turkish-Azerbaijani origin. These geographical names occupy a vital place in the toponymic stratification of Azerbaijan.
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MEIIRBEKOV, ASSYLBEK. "KHWAJA AHMAD YASAWI’S TOPONYMIC HERITAGE." Türk Kültürü ve HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ Araştırma Dergisi 105 (March 29, 2023): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34189/hbv.105.012.
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This paper represents the results of the pioneering research work that studied the toponymic heritage of real historical personality like Ahmad Yasawi. It proposed that the name-giver of the city of Turkestan is Ahmad Yasawi by means of conducting intensive toponymic research and by considering Ahmad Yasawi’s ‘Diwan-i Hikmat’ and Suleyman Baqirgani’s ‘Aqirzaman’ as historical documents. Also the research paper analyzes the legends and stories related to the life of Ahmad Yasawi by Bolatbek Qorganbekov and Mashkhur Zhusup as the toponymic legends, which can be considered as etymological foundations of some place names. The author of the current research work made the classification of Ahmad Yasawi’s toponymic heritage, which can be regarded as the first classification of historical personality’s toponymic heritage suggested by scholars. Moreover, the research work discovers Ahmad Yasawi’s deed from a new angle. All place names, which are regarded as the toponymic heritage of Ahmad Yasawi, were divided into three main groups. They are as following: 1. The place names whose author was Ahmad Yasawi himself; 2. Ahmad Yasawi’s, his relatives’, and followers’ graveyards, which are considered here as sacral places of Kazakhstan, and also they are nekronyms that can be accepted as toponymic heritage of Yasawi; 3. The place names which appeared under the influence of Yasawi’s relatives and followers. The total number of toponyms that are classified as Yasawi’s toponymic heritage is 33. They are 13 econyms, 2 hydronyms, one oronym, and 17 nekronyms. Keywords: Toponym, Toponymic Heritage, Nekronym, Hydronym, Econym, Intensive Toponymy, Khwaja Ahmad Yasawi, Turkestan.
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Dhieb, Mohsen, and Kamel Nasraoui. "An interactive map of Tunisian toponymy." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-61-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Toponyms are living bodies that evolve continuously over time. When studying the present toponymic items of one region, many factors intervene to determine their genesis, their origin, their present use and their recent evolution.</p><p> Portraying the Tunisian toponymic landscape with its various characteristics should address such issues for specialists and for common users. It is important first, to bring altogether the various toponyms of one place in one chosen language, and second to give insights on such characteristics of each toponym altogether. This should be done by an Interactive Toponymistic Map of Tunisia (ITM).</p><p> The goals of this research are first, to make an inventory of the Tunisian most used toponyms; second to classify them through the most known historical periods and their various transcriptions; and third to show the evolution of the overall Tunisian toponymic landscape in one sight by using an ITM.</p>
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Urazmetova, Alexandra V. "The role of numerals in the formation and functioning of the toponymic system: complex approach." Neophilology, no. 4 (2023): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2023-9-4-779-788.
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The aim of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of numerative toponyms on the material of the USA toponymic system. The material of the research was toponyms containing numerals from 1 to 10 in the amount of 20709 units, obtained by the method of continuous sampling from the USa toponymic database. The numerals transition process into the category of toponymic lexicon is investigated. The structural models of toponyms with numerals, the most frequent forms of writing numerals, as well as the most productive numerals on the map of the USA are revealed. The main numerals functions in the toponyms composition are determined. The percentage ratio of the studied units depending on the type of the designated object is revealed, which shows the preferable occurrence of numerals in the natural objects names composition, mainly hydronyms. The states of the USA with the largest and the smallest numeralized toponyms were identified. The prevalence of numerative toponyms on the territory of the USA is analyzed and the results are presented on the map. The numerative toponyms share in the USA toponymic lexicon is determined. The research makes a significant contribution to the toponym creation process knowledge, the role that numerals play in this process, and the peculiarities of their semantics and functioning. The research can be a starting point and a tool for further research in the field of toponymic naming, helping better understand and explain the place name formation cognitive mechanisms.
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Mikesy, Gábor. "A Magyar Nemzeti Helynévtárról." Névtani Értesítő 39 (December 29, 2017): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2017.12.
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The online database entitled The Hungarian National Toponym Registry (http://mnh.unideb.hu) offers historical and contemporary toponymic datasets to researchers and the general public. The paper puts forward a number of critical remarks in connection with the modern toponymic dataset, focusing on place names that can be searched and projected onto maps in the unit of the database known as the Hungarian Digital Toponym Registry (http://mdh.unideb.hu/ujkorihelynevtar.php). The main arguments are: 1) it is doubtful that the contents of the website satisfy the social expectations generated by the title of the database; 2) the concept of toponymic fieldwork concentrating thoroughly on settlements excludes important toponymic categories from cataloguing; 3) source criticism should be exercised when gazetteers with place names collected locally are concerned; 4) the Hungarian Digital Toponym Registry includes arbitrarily transformed name forms; 5) considering the number of philological, orthographic and geographic inaccuracies, the social utility of general public access to the project in its present phase is questionable.
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Habibli, Reyhan. "Regional toponym and topoconcepts." Scientific Bulletin 2 (2019): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54414/edgx6185.
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Toponyms contain various information. They deal with the history, culture, character and settlement in the certain area of the nation. Each toponym possesses a specific meaning and its understanding is connected with different associations. The teaching, patriotic and educative significance of the toponyms carries out a universal character. In this article the linguacognitive influence of the topoconcepts is studied, the cognitive indications are revealed and the concept zones which are important for the speakers of the language are determined.
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Kuai, Xi, Renzhong Guo, Zhijun Zhang, Biao He, Zhigang Zhao, and Han Guo. "Spatial Context-Based Local Toponym Extraction and Chinese Textual Address Segmentation from Urban POI Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030147.
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Georeferencing by place names (known as toponyms) is the most common way of associating textual information with geographic locations. While computers use numeric coordinates (such as longitude-latitude pairs) to represent places, people generally refer to places via their toponyms. Query by toponym is an effective way to find information about a geographic area. However, segmenting and parsing textual addresses to extract local toponyms is a difficult task in the geocoding field, especially in China. In this paper, a local spatial context-based framework is proposed to extract local toponyms and segment Chinese textual addresses. We collect urban points of interest (POIs) as an input data source; in this dataset, the textual address and geospatial position coordinates correspond at a one-to-one basis and can be easily used to explore the spatial distribution of local toponyms. The proposed framework involves two steps: address element identification and local toponym extraction. The first step identifies as many address element candidates as possible from a continuous string of textual addresses for each urban POI. The second step focuses on merging neighboring candidate pairs into local toponyms. A series of experiments are conducted to determine the thresholds for local toponym extraction based on precision-recall curves. Finally, we evaluate our framework by comparing its performance with three well-known Chinese word segmentation models. The comparative experimental results demonstrate that our framework achieves a better performance than do other models.
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Golec, Boris. "Slovenian toponymy of Ljubljana up to the first printed list of toponyms from 1787." Kronika 70, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 307–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56420/kronika.70.2.04.
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Early Slovenian toponymy of Ljubljana, the capital of the Republic of Slovenia and formerly of the Duchy of Carniola, has so far only received sporadic research attention. With German and Ecclesiastical Latin being official written languages in the central Slovenian territory and Slovenian remaining marginalized until the nineteenth century, Slovenian toponyms and micro-toponyms did not appear in sources until a very late stage. Whereas only one Slovenian toponym dates back to the Late Middle Ages, the vast majority were first recorded no earlier than the eighteenth century, mainly in the register of banns kept in Slovenian by Ljubljana’s cathedral parish. What is more, not even the Slovenian name of Ljubljana was documented in its original form until the second half of the sixteenth century. However, contrary to expectations, it did not first appear in a manuscript source but in one of the earliest books printed in Slovenian (1566). The contribution discusses sources for the Slovenian toponymy of Ljubljana and their explanatory value, it presents a few observations regarding the development of Slovenian toponyms, and brings forth a systematic overview of their appearances up to and including the first printed list of street names in German and Slovenian (1787).
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Wang, Yingying, Dazhuan Ge, Tongyan Zhang, and Yingjie Wang. "The Sustainable Development of Choronymic Cultural Landscapes in China Based on Geo-Informatic Tupu." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 4302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164302.
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As a part of cultural landscapes, toponyms with abundant cultural connotations and a long history are valuable cultural heritage assets. Choronyms not only reflect natural and social phenomena but also help with relevant management and naming work. In order to explore the historical development sequence of choronymic cultural landscape evolution, we analyze the spatial–temporal pattern evolution, spatial–temporal variation, spatial association, and semantic evolution of choronymic cultural landscapes since the Qin dynasty. We adopt the sequent snapshot model and an event-based state amendment model to establish a spatio-temporal database. That can provide decision supports and theoretical reference for the sustainable development of toponymic landscapes. Results indicate the following: (1) Spatial distribution of toponym density has been different since the Qin dynasty. The cores of toponym density spread from the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River to Yangtze Plain, Chengdu Plain, Pearl River Delta Plain. (2) Spatial distribution of choronyms is agglomerative since the Qin dynasty and uneven at national and provincial scales since the Yuan dynasty. Temporal distribution of toponyms at different levels is centralized. (3) Spatial agglomeration phenomena of toponyms are positively clustered in nine periods. The Ming dynasty presents the largest degree of spatial aggregation. (4) Words relevant to blessings, orientation, and hydrological features have high proportions in the top 20 words. (5) Spatial distribution of county-level choronyms named over the last 1000 years and “Millennium Ancient Counties” are unbalanced at national and provincial scales.
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Blair, David, and Jan Tent. "Revised Typology of Place-Naming." Names 69, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/names.2021.2260.
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A functional and systematic typology of toponyms is an essential instrument for the toponymist wishing to investigate the naming practices and patterns of a region. To this end, the Australian National Placenames Survey developed a toponym typology for Australia (Tent & Blair 2011). This was characterized as a ‘typology of motivations for naming’. Although various researchers have used this typology with seeming success, further application of the typology to the Survey’s database of toponyms has revealed the need for a re-evaluation of the naming process. This occasioned a modification of some toponym categories generating a revised typology which can be considered a ‘typology of expressions of the naming intention’.
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Nash, Joshua. "Official and Unofficial Toponyms on Norfolk Island." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 2 (2021): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.2.027.
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Norfolk Island (South Pacific), a small external territory of Australia, has a placenaming record marked by distinct historical, settlement, and land use periods. This brief communication considers the complex nexus of official–unofficial, embedded–unembedded, and English–Norfolk Island language toponyms as a way to make better sense of the localization of toponymic knowledge and to appreciate better how such knowledge functions within a minute society intricately connected to its own largely known past and an ever changing toponymic present. The data were collected during interview fieldwork on Norfolk Island during the period 2007–2009. It concludes by putting forward a four-category division of Norfolk Island toponyms: 1) official names adhering to common colonial forms; 2) official and unofficial descriptive names; 3) unofficial names commemorating local people; 4) unofficial and esoteric names remembering local events and people. These categories appear distinct, but they are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The differentiation of processes of toponyms becoming embedded and the localization of toponymic knowledge are a possible explanation for the loss of toponymic knowledge among younger people on Norfolk Island and suggests a general ecological disconnect across time involving people, history, and events associated with Norfolk Island toponyms. The Norfolk Island official–unofficial toponym distinction is applicable to other toponymic case studies, especially situations with competing placenaming histories.
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Бухарова, Гульнур Харуновна. "Geographical names of mongolian origin in Bashkir toponymy." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 2(40) (September 20, 2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2023-2-21-36.
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Статья посвящена изучению монгольских географических названий в топонимической системе Республики Башкортостан. Цель исследования – выявление в башкирской топонимии географических названий монгольского происхождения, анализ их словообразовательной структуры, семантики, происхождения и ареалов распространения в районах республики. Исследование актуально в плане интерпретации иноязычных топонимов, выявления особенностей их функционирования в топонимической системе Южного Урала. Научная новизна исследования состоит в том, что в нем сделан краткий экскурс в изучение монгольского пласта в башкирской топонимике и впервые дана этимология многих географических названий, образованных от ойконимических, оронимических, гидрографических терминов, дримонимов и этнонимов монгольского происхождения, сделана попытка их систематизации. Исследование проводится с использованием описательного, структурного, сравнительно-исторического методов анализа топонимов, а также методов этнолингвистической реконструкции и лингвокультурологической интерпретации. Проанализированный материал свидетельствует о том, что топонимы монгольского происхождения в башкирской топонимии составляют небольшой пласт и характеризуют природный и антропогенный ландшафт Башкортостана. Монгольские географические названия связаны также с общими верованиями монгольских и тюркских народов. Этнотопонимы монгольского происхождения в башкирской топонимии являются результатом смешения монгольских и башкирских племен и родов в результате монгольского завоевания. The work is devoted to the study of Mongolian place names in the toponymic system of one of the regions of the Russian Federation – the Republic of Bashkortostan. The study aims to discover in the Bashkir toponymy the geographical names of Mongolian origin to analyze their word formation structure, semantics, origin, and spatial distribution in the districts of the republic. The study is significant for the interpretation of foreign toponyms as it reveals the features of their functioning in the toponymic system of the Southern Urals. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that it makes a short excursion into the study of the Mongolian layer in Bashkir toponymy and, for the first time, presents the etymology of many geographical names formed from oikonymic, oronymic, hydrographic terms, drimonims and ethnonyms of Mongolian origin and tries to systematize them. The study was conducted using descriptive, structural, and comparative-historical methods of toponym analysis, as well as ethnolinguistic reconstruction and lingua-cultural interpretation methods. The analyzed material shows that toponyms of Mongolian origin represent a small layer in Bashkir toponymy. Ethnotoponyms of Mongolian origin in Bashkir toponymy result from the intermingling of Mongolian and Bashkir tribes and clans due to the Mongol conquest. Toponyms of Mongolian origin, formed from geographical terms, characterize Bashkortostan's natural and anthropogenic landscape. Mongolian geographical names are also associated with the common beliefs of Mongolian and Turkic tribes.
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Begimova, Gulzhanat, and Ali Baibossyn. "TOPONYMS OF THE ABAI DISTRICT WITH THE MEANING OF COLOR." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2022-4.02.
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The field of toponymy in linguistics can fully reflect national knowledge, culture and folk traditions, socio-political changes and the historical picture. Toponymy is divided into several semantic groups. The scientific article discusses the names of toponyms created on the basis of one of these semantic groups-the names of species-flowers. The names of flowers are found in all areas of linguistics. Thanks to the cognition and perception of the surrounding world, various words, phrases, and symbol words have appeared in linguistics. Including color symbols have a different meaning in each vernacular. Kazakh toponymy, created on the basis of color names, is not only a set of names, but also a system of linguistic units reflecting national cognition. This is due to the fact that the names of flowers express a new meaning in the composition of the toponym and reflect its symbolic properties. The scientific article analyzes the toponyms found in the Abai region, their connection with color names. The semantic and linguistic analysis of the names of land-waters created in such shades as "white, black, blue, brown, red" was carried out. During the analysis, toponyms such as Akbaytal, Akzhal, Akshoky, Aktau, Koksung, Kokzhartas, Karabastaz, Karakol were considered. In accordance with the topic, scientific views and opinions of scientists were taken into account. The symbolic meaning of the names of flowers was shown.
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ESTARÁN TOLOSA, María José. "Arse-Saguntum, la ciudad de los dos nombres." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 27, no. 1 (2021): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2021-27-1-5.
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One of the most notable features of ancient Sagunto (Valencia) is its toponymic duality, especially remarkable in coin legends from the 130s BCE onwards, which is an exceptional fact for Hispania Citerior, in both qualitative and quantitative terms. Both toponyms, Arse and Saguntum, are not simultaneously attested in other sources: they are virtually absent in Republican epigraphy and literature only mentions the second one, in diverse variants. This paper analyses the data relative to this double toponymy in order to historically contextualize this phenomenon, linking it with the Latinization of the city and its explicit movements towards Rome during the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE, a process that we propose to articulate in four main milestones, according to the preserved documents. Besides, this paper offers an explanation to the prevalence of the toponym Saguntum (of local origin and possibly referred to the port) regarding Arse (also local and referred to the city), independent from the elaboration of the foundational myth that links the Iberian settlement with the Ionian island of Zacynthos, since it is very likely that this legend was not created until the 1st century BCE
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Ernits, Enn. "Vadja loodus- ja viljelusnimedest." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 163–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.1.08.
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Vadja toponüüme koguti süstemaatiliselt XX sajandi teisel poolel. Sellest ajast pärinevad Eesti Keele Instituudi ja Emakeele Seltsi kohanimekogud. Siinkirjutajal õnnestus aastatel 2001–2004 panna kirja kõigest 40 kohanime. Vadja toponüümikat on seni uurinud peamiselt Paul Ariste. Käesoleval sajandil on väheste toponüümide algupära käsitlenud üksnes Leningradi oblasti Kingissepa rajooni asjaarmastajad. Käesolevas kirjutises, mis lähtub peamiselt mainitud kogudest ning käsitleb loodusja viljelusnimesid, on põhitähelepanu pööratud kohanimede päritolule. See võimaldab paigutada nad atribuutide ehk täiendosade järgi tähendusrühmadesse. Uurimuses tehakse kindlaks samuti kohanimede determinandid ehk liigisõnad. Tähelepanuta ei jää ka nende morfoloogilised iseärasused. Vadja keeles leidub nii primaarseid kui ka sekundaarseid kohanimesid, sageli on kirja pandud ka determinandita toponüüme, samuti üksikuid terminnimesid. Loodus- ja viljelusnimed on päritolult üsna sarnased. Nad on arenenud looduskogumeid, loomi, taimi, omadusi, asendit jt aspekte tähistavatest apellatiividest, tulenedes mõnikord ka reaalsete isikute või pühakute nimedest. Toponüümide moodustamise printsiibid sarnanevad teiste läänemeresoome keelte kohanimede moodustamise põhimõtetega. Nimede atribuut esineb peamiselt ainsuse nimetavas ja omastavas, determinant aga tavaliselt ainsuse ja harva mitmuse nimetavas käändes. Üks ja sama toponüüm võib mõnikord tähistada heinamaad, sood, metsa ja põldu. See näitab nende kunagist vahelduvat kasutusala. Kohanimede päritolu uurimisel on selgunud hulk üldnimesid, mida pole registreeritud väljaspool toponüümikat.
Abstract. Enn Ernits: Votic names of natural and cultivation objects. A more systematical recording of Votic toponyms took place in the second half of the 20th century. Since then, the place name collections of the Institute of the Estonian Language and the Mother Tongue Society have been dated. The author managed to record only 40 toponyms between 2001 and 2004. Votic toponymy has so far been studied mainly by Paul Ariste (1964, 1965a, 1965b, 1967, 1968). In this century, only the amateurs of the Kingisepp district of the Leningrad region have dealt with the origin of some toponyms (see Demina 2009). This paper, which is mainly based on the previously mentioned collections and deals with the names of natural and cultivation objects, focuses on their origin. This allows us to classify place names by attributes into groups by their meaning. The study also identifies the generic terms of place names. The morphological features of toponyms are not neglected either. In Votic language, there are both primary and secondary place names, often toponyms without a generic term and sometimes term names. Names of natural and cultivation objects are quite similar in origin. They have evolved from the apellatives denoting nature, animals, plants, features, location and other aspects, sometimes deriving from the names of real persons or saints. The principles of toponym forming are similar to those in other Finnic languages (Ariste (1967: 83). The attribute of names occurs mainly in the nominative and genitive of singular, but the generic term is usually in the singular and rarely the plural. The same toponym can simultaneously refer to meadows, marshes, forests and fields. This indicates their former, alternative use. Examination of the origin of place names revealed a number of common names not recorded outside the toponymy.
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Ainabek, Aidana, Bekzhan Abdualiuly, Kassiyet Molgazhdarov, Botagoz Artymbayeva, Aida Aubakirova, and Samal Zhuanyshpaeva. "Effects of Language Learning Strategies on Teaching Toponyms and Folk Geography Terms in Kazakh and Nogai Languages." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 11, no. 2 (May 14, 2024): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/2071.
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The study investigates the effect of language learning strategies in teaching toponyms in Kazakh and Nogai languages on students' achievement and attitudes. The study was conducted at a university's literature faculty in Astana, Kazakhstan, during the academic year 2023-2024, using an experimental research model. The experimental and control groups of the study consisted of 69 students studying in the 2nd grade at the Kazakh Literature Department in Astana, Kazakhstan. In the experimental group, Kazakh and Nogai toponyms were taught using language learning strategies, while the control group was taught using the lecture method. Experimental implementations lasted for six weeks in both groups. The data was collected using the Kazakh Toponymy Achievement Test, the Nogai Toponymy Achievement Test, and the Attitude Towards Activities Scale. The results showed that the experimental group students achieved higher levels of success in Kazakh and Nogai toponyms and developed positive attitudes towards the activities compared to their peers in the control group. Consequently, two recommendations emerged from the findings. First, teaching programs should be developed for effective language learning strategies in literature and language classes. Second, guidebooks and worksheets that exemplify language learning strategies in Kazakh and Nogai toponym subjects, in particular, and in literature courses, in general, should be created.