Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tornadoes / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tornadoes.

Journal articles on the topic 'Tornadoes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Tornadoes.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Brown, Rodger A., and Vincent T. Wood. "Detection of the Presence of Tornadoes at the Center of Mesocyclones Using Simulated Doppler Velocity Measurements." Weather and Forecasting 30, no. 4 (2015): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0014.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Simulations were conducted to investigate the detection of the Doppler velocity tornado signature (TS) and tornadic vortex signature (TVS) when a tornado is located at the center of the parent mesocyclone. Whether the signature is a TS or TVS depends on whether the tornado’s core diameter is greater than or less than the radar’s effective beamwidth, respectively. The investigation included three radar effective beamwidths, two mesocyclones, and six different-sized tornadoes, each of which had 10 different maximum tangential velocities assigned to it to represent a variety of strengths

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Chernokulsky, A. V., M. V. Kurgansky, I. I. Mokhov, et al. "Tornadoes in the Russian Regions." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 2 (2021): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2021-2-17-34.

Full text

Abstract:

New data are presented on tornadoes over land in Russia for the period of 1900–2018 based on various sources. In total, information on 1763 tornadoes was collected, including 993 tornadoes from eyewitness reports on tornado passage and/or associated impacts and 770 tornadoes from satellite data on tornado-induced windthrows. Both single tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, the cases of formation of several tornadoes within one meso- or synoptic-scale system, were reported. On average for 2009– 2018, more than 100 tornadoes are observed in Russia per year, including 15 significant tornadoes (with a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mulder, Kelsey J., and David M. Schultz. "Climatology, Storm Morphologies, and Environments of Tornadoes in the British Isles: 1980–2012." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 6 (2015): 2224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00299.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A climatology is developed for tornadoes during 1980–2012 in the British Isles, defined in this article as England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man. The climatology includes parent storm type, interannual variability, annual and diurnal cycles, intensities, occurrence of outbreaks (defined as three or more tornadoes in the same day), geographic distribution, and environmental conditions derived from proximity soundings of tornadoes. Tornado reports are from the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO). Over the 33 yea

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Anderson-Frey, Alexandra K., Yvette P. Richardson, Andrew R. Dean, Richard L. Thompson, and Bryan T. Smith. "Characteristics of Tornado Events and Warnings in the Southeastern United States." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 4 (2019): 1017–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0211.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The southeastern United States has become a prime area of focus in tornado-related literature due, in part, to the abundance of tornadoes occurring in high-shear low-CAPE (HSLC) environments. Through this analysis of 4133 tornado events and 16 429 tornado warnings in the southeastern United States, we find that tornadoes in the Southeast do indeed have, on average, higher shear and lower CAPE than tornadoes elsewhere in the contiguous United States (CONUS). We also examine tornado warning skill in the form of probability of detection (POD; percent of tornadoes receiving warning prior

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Grieser, Jürgen, and Francesca Terenzi. "Modeling Financial Losses Resulting from Tornadoes in European Countries." Weather, Climate, and Society 8, no. 4 (2016): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-15-0036.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Tornadoes are a notorious, common threat to human life and property in the United States. Although less common, violent tornadoes are also reported in Europe. The authors aim for an estimation of the average annual loss ratio of European buildings due to tornadoes. An aggregated loss model is used that takes as input the tornado intensity distribution over the Fujita scale (F scale), the distribution of tornado footprint sizes per F class, the vulnerability of European buildings, and the average occurrence rate of tornadoes. Information about these variables is taken from the European

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Anderson-Frey, Alexandra K., and Harold Brooks. "Tornado Fatalities: An Environmental Perspective." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 6 (2019): 1999–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0119.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Deadly tornadoes are rare events, but that level of rarity varies with many factors. In this work, we summarize and update past research on tornado fatalities, and also discuss the environments of deadly tornadoes both from the perspective of proximity soundings (i.e., point-based) and self-organizing maps (i.e., two-dimensional). In our study of 16 232 tornado events from 2003 to 2017, we find that deadly tornadoes are disproportionately likely to have high (E)F-scale ratings, to have right-moving supercell parent storm modes (deadly QLCS tornadoes are exceptionally rare and tend to

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Coleman, Timothy A., and P. Grady Dixon. "An Objective Analysis of Tornado Risk in the United States." Weather and Forecasting 29, no. 2 (2014): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-13-00057.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this paper, an objective analysis of spatial tornado risk in the United States is performed, using a somewhat different dataset than in some previous tornado climatologies. The focus is on significant tornadoes because their reporting frequency has remained fairly stable for several decades. Also, data before 1973 are excluded, since those tornadoes were rated after the fact and were often overrated. Tornado pathlength within the vicinity of a grid point is used to show tornado risk, as opposed to tornado days or the total number of reported tornadoes. The possibility that many tor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Wurman, Joshua, and Karen Kosiba. "Finescale Radar Observations of Tornado and Mesocyclone Structures." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 5 (2013): 1157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-12-00127.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A variety of vortex configurations observed at finescale with Doppler On Wheels (DOW) radars in and near the hook echoes of supercell thunderstorms are described. These include marginal/weak tornadoes, often with no documented condensation funnels, debris rings, or low-reflectivity eyes; multiple-vortex mesocyclones; multiple simultaneous tornadoes; satellite tornadoes; cyclonic–anticyclonic tornado pairs; multiple vortices within other multiple vortices; tornadoes with quasi-concentric multiple wind field maxima; lines of vortices outside tornadoes; and horizontal vortices. The kinem

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Antonescu, Bogdan, David M. Schultz, Fiona Lomas, and Thilo Kühne. "Tornadoes in Europe: Synthesis of the Observational Datasets." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 7 (2016): 2445–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0298.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A synthesis of tornado observations across Europe between 1800 and 2014 is used to produce a pan-European climatology. Based on regional tornado-occurrence datasets and articles published in peer-reviewed journals, the evolution and the major contributions to tornado databases for 30 European countries were analyzed. Between 1800 and 2014, 9563 tornadoes were reported in Europe with an increase from 8 tornadoes per year between 1800 and 1850 to 242 tornadoes per year between 2000 and 2014. The majority of the reports came from northern, western, and southern Europe, and to a lesser ex

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Brotzge, J., and S. Erickson. "Tornadoes without NWS Warning." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 1 (2010): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009waf2222270.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract During a 5-yr period of study from 2000 to 2004, slightly more than 26% of all reported tornadoes across the United States occurred without an NWS warning being issued. This study examines some of the reasons behind why no warnings were issued with these tornadoes, and what climatological, storm classification, and sociological factors may have played a role in the lack of warnings. This dataset of tornado records was sorted by F scale, geographically by region and weather forecast office (WFO), hour of the day, month of the year, tornado pathlength, tornado-to-radar distance, county

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Taszarek, Mateusz, and Harold E. Brooks. "Tornado Climatology of Poland." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 3 (2015): 702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00185.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Very few studies on the occurrence of tornadoes in Poland have been performed and, therefore, their temporal and spatial variability have not been well understood. This article describes an updated climatology of tornadoes in Poland and the major problems related to the database. In this study, the results of an investigation of tornado occurrence in a 100-yr historical record (1899–1998) and a more recent 15-yr observational dataset (1999–2013) are presented. A total of 269 tornado cases derived from the European Severe Weather Database are used in the analysis. The cases are divided

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Verbout, Stephanie M., Harold E. Brooks, Lance M. Leslie, and David M. Schultz. "Evolution of the U.S. Tornado Database: 1954–2003." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 1 (2006): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf910.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Over the last 50 yr, the number of tornadoes reported in the United States has doubled from about 600 per year in the 1950s to around 1200 in the 2000s. This doubling is likely not related to meteorological causes alone. To account for this increase a simple least squares linear regression was fitted to the annual number of tornado reports. A “big tornado day” is a single day when numerous tornadoes and/or many tornadoes exceeding a specified intensity threshold were reported anywhere in the country. By defining a big tornado day without considering the spatial distribution of the tor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Antonescu, Bogdan, and Aurora Bell. "Tornadoes in Romania." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 3 (2015): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00181.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The first tornado climatology for Romania is presented based on datasets attained from three periods between 1822 and 2013. The historical period (1822–1944) contains 33 tornado reports originating from historical newspaper archives and publications of the Romanian Meteorological Institute. Evidence of tornado observations in Romania before the nineteenth century is found in the representation of tornadoes in the Romania folk mythology. The socialist period (1945–89) contains only seven tornado reports, likely because during this period it was believed that tornadoes did not occur in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Schultz, Lori A., and Daniel J. Cecil. "Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes, 1950–2007." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 10 (2009): 3471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2896.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract An expanded “climatology” of U.S. tropical cyclone (TC) tornadoes covering the period 1950–2007 is presented. A major climatology published in 1991 included data on 626 TC tornadoes. Since then, almost 1200 more TC tornado records have been identified, with almost half of that number from the 2004–05 seasons alone. This work reexamines some findings from previous studies, using a substantially larger database. The new analyses strongly support distinctions between inner- and outer-region tornadoes, which were suggested in previous studies. Outer-region tornadoes (beyond 200 km from th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Allen, Michael J., Thomas R. Allen, Christopher Davis, and George McLeod. "Exploring Spatial Patterns of Virginia Tornadoes Using Kernel Density and Space-Time Cube Analysis (1960–2019)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 5 (2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050310.

Full text

Abstract:

This study evaluates the spatial-temporal patterns in Virginia tornadoes using the National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center’s Severe Weather GIS (SVRGIS) database. In addition to descriptive statistics, the analysis employs Kernel Density Estimation for spatial pattern analysis and space-time cubes to visualize the spatiotemporal frequency of tornadoes and potential trends. Most of the 726 tornadoes between 1960–2019 occurred in Eastern Virginia, along the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. Consistent with other literature, both the number of tornadoes and the tornado days have increased in V

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Agee, Ernest, and Erin Jones. "Proposed Conceptual Taxonomy for Proper Identification and Classification of Tornado Events." Weather and Forecasting 24, no. 2 (2009): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2222163.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A practical approach is recommended for identifying and archiving tornado events, based on the use of definitions that label all vortices as either type I, II, or III tornadoes. This methodology will provide a more meaningful tornado climatology in Storm Data, which separates and classifies all vortices associated in any manner with cumuliform clouds. Tornadoes produced within the mesocyclone of discrete supercell storms, with strong local updrafts (SLUs), will be classified as type I tornadoes. Frequently, these type I tornadoes result from the interaction of the SLU with strong rear

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Malamud, Bruce D., Donald L. Turcotte, and Harold E. Brooks. "Spatial–temporal clustering of tornadoes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 12 (2016): 2823–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2823-2016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The standard measure of the intensity of a tornado is the Enhanced Fujita scale, which is based qualitatively on the damage caused by a tornado. An alternative measure of tornado intensity is the tornado path length, L. Here we examine the spatial–temporal clustering of severe tornadoes, which we define as having path lengths L ≥ 10 km. Of particular concern are tornado outbreaks, when a large number of severe tornadoes occur in a day in a restricted region. We apply a spatial–temporal clustering analysis developed for earthquakes. We take all pairs of severe tornadoes in observed an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Groenemeijer, Pieter, and Thilo Kühne. "A Climatology of Tornadoes in Europe: Results from the European Severe Weather Database." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 12 (2014): 4775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00107.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A climatology of tornadoes (over land and water) is presented, based on the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD), which contains reports of 9529 tornadoes. With the exception of a few small countries, tornadoes have been reported from all regions of Europe. The highest density of tornado reports is in western and central Europe. ESWD tornado reports increased strongly from 1995 to 2006 as a result of increased data collection efforts, followed by a decrease that likely has a meteorological nature. There is strong underreporting in the Mediterranean region and eastern Europe. The da

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Antonescu, Bogdan, David M. Schultz, Alois Holzer, and Pieter Groenemeijer. "Tornadoes in Europe: An Underestimated Threat." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 4 (2017): 713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0171.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The social and economic impact of tornadoes in Europe is analyzed using tornado reports from the European Severe Weather Database between 1950 and 2015. Despite what is often assumed by the general public and even by meteorologists and researchers, tornadoes do occur in Europe and they are associated with injuries, fatalities, and damages, although their reported frequencies and intensities are lower compared with the United States. Currently, the threat of tornadoes to Europe is underestimated. Few European meteorological services have developed and maintained tornado databases and e

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Chernokulsky, Alexander, Michael Kurgansky, Igor Mokhov, et al. "Tornadoes in Northern Eurasia: From the Middle Age to the Information Era." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 8 (2020): 3081–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0251.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The last comprehensive statistics of tornadoes in northern Eurasia (NE) were published more than 30 years ago. This paper introduces a new database of tornadoes in NE that spans from the tenth century to 2016. The database, compiled using various sources, contains 2879 tornado cases over land and water and includes tornado characteristics. Tornadoes are common for most regions of NE, with a density reaching four cases per 104 km2 in 1900–2016 in some regions. Tornadoes over land have distinct annual and diurnal cycles: they form mostly in May–August, with a maximum in June, and during

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Radita Nur Nilam Sari and Sudarti. "Mekanisme Angin Puting Beliung dan Dampaknya Pada Lingkungan." Jurnal TESLINK : Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 7, no. 1 (2025): 231–39. https://doi.org/10.52005/teslink.v1i1.400.

Full text

Abstract:

Tornadoes or usually called tornadoes are a natural phenomenon that causes very significant damage to buildings, nature and infrastructure, and has a serious impact on people's lives. Studying the mechanisms by which tornadoes or tornadoes occur and their impact on the environment is important as an effective natural disaster preparedness and mitigation effort. This research uses a literature review method by collecting 25 relevant journals as review material. Tornadoes can cause serious damage to buildings, nature and infrastructure, and also have the potential to cause harm to local communit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Brotzge, Jerald A., Steven E. Nelson, Richard L. Thompson, and Bryan T. Smith. "Tornado Probability of Detection and Lead Time as a Function of Convective Mode and Environmental Parameters." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 5 (2013): 1261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-12-00119.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The ability to provide advanced warning on tornadoes can be impacted by variations in storm mode. This research evaluates 2 yr of National Weather Service (NWS) tornado warnings, verification reports, and radar-derived convective modes to appraise the ability of the NWS to warn across a variety of convective modes and environmental conditions. Several specific hypotheses are considered: (i) supercell morphologies are the easiest convective modes to warn for tornadoes and yield the greatest lead times, while tornadoes from more linear, nonsupercell convective modes, such as quasi-linea

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Moore, Todd W., and Tiffany A. DeBoer. "A review and analysis of possible changes to the climatology of tornadoes in the United States." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 3 (2019): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319829398.

Full text

Abstract:

This review and analysis illustrates that the spatial distribution and temporal clustering of tornadoes in the United States are changing. Tornado activity is increasing throughout the Southeast and in the southern portion of the Midwest and is decreasing throughout the southern and northwestern portions of the Great Plains and in the northern Midwest. This eastward shift is seen in tornado density maps, regional and gridded trends, and in an eastward shift of the mean center of tornadoes at the annual scale and in summer. The mean centers of tornado activity in other seasons are rather insens

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Antonescu, Bogdan, Hugo M. A. M. Ricketts, and David M. Schultz. "100 Years Later: Reflecting on Alfred Wegener’s Contributions to Tornado Research in Europe." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 4 (2019): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0316.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Alfred Wegener (1880–1930) was a leading geophysicist, atmospheric scientist, and an Arctic explorer who is mainly remembered today for his contributions to the theory of continental drift. Less well known are his contributions to research on tornadoes in Europe. Published 100 years ago, Wegener’s 1917 book Wind- und Wasserhosen in Europa (Tornadoes and Waterspouts in Europe) is an impressive synthesis of knowledge on tornadoes and is considered the first modern pan-European tornado climatology, with 258 reports from 1456 to 1913. Unfortunately, Wegener’s book was overlooked after the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Anderson-Frey, Alexandra K., Yvette P. Richardson, Andrew R. Dean, Richard L. Thompson, and Bryan T. Smith. "Near-Storm Environments of Outbreak and Isolated Tornadoes." Weather and Forecasting 33, no. 5 (2018): 1397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0057.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Between 2003 and 2015, there were 5343 outbreak tornadoes and 9389 isolated tornadoes reported in the continental United States. Here, the near-storm environmental parameter-space distributions of these two categories are compared via kernel density estimation, and the seasonal, diurnal, and geographical features of near-storm environments of these two sets of events are compared via self-organizing maps (SOMs). Outbreak tornadoes in a given geographical region tend to be characterized by greater 0–1-km storm-relative helicity and 0–6-km vector shear magnitude than isolated tornadoes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Baerg, Bryan M., William P. Gargan, Ariel E. Cohen, et al. "Radar-Based, Storm-Scale Circulation and Tornado-Probability Tendencies Preceding Tornadogenesis in Kansas and Nebraska." E-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 15, no. 3 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55599/ejssm.v15i3.77.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyzes the behavior of storm-scale circulations preceding initial tornadogenesis in 179 Kansas and Nebraska storms. Manually determined assessments of radar data for storm-scale circulations preceding the tornadoes are performed as far back in time prior to the tornado as a circulation is apparent, with average rotational velocity (Vrot), circulation diameter, and circulation clarity documented for the 0.5° elevation scan. These data are simultaneously combined with an indication of environmental conditions (as represented by the significant tornado parameter) to determine the tor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Bryukhan, Fedor, and Grigoriy Barulin. "Assessment of tornado hazard in the nuclear facilities siting areas." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 35, no. 3 (2020): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2003216b.

Full text

Abstract:

The potential hazard of destructive tornado effects on nuclear facilities determines the necessity to study the climatic regime of tornado passage and arrange the appropriate protection of these facilities in conformity with the national and international radiation safety standards. One of the most characteristic features of the climate in recent decades is a significant increase in the number of dangerous meteorological events, including tornadoes. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of tornadoes hazard for nuclear facilities and to determine the design characteristics of tornado

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Trapp, Robert J., Sarah A. Tessendorf, Elaine Savageau Godfrey, and Harold E. Brooks. "Tornadoes from Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Part I: Climatological Distribution." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 1 (2005): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-835.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to estimate the percentage of U.S. tornadoes that are spawned annually by squall lines and bow echoes, or quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs). This was achieved by examining radar reflectivity images for every tornado event recorded during 1998–2000 in the contiguous United States. Based on these images, the type of storm associated with each tornado was classified as cell, QLCS, or other. Of the 3828 tornadoes in the database, 79% were produced by cells, 18% were produced by QLCSs, and the remaining 3% were produced by other storm types, pr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dupilka, Max L., and Gerhard W. Reuter. "Forecasting Tornadic Thunderstorm Potential in Alberta Using Environmental Sounding Data. Part I: Wind Shear and Buoyancy." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 3 (2006): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf921.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study investigates, for Alberta, Canada, whether observed sounding parameters such as wind shear and buoyant energy can be used to help distinguish between thunderstorms with significant (F2–F5) tornadoes, thunderstorms with weak (F0–F1) tornadoes, and nontornadic severe thunderstorms. The observational dataset contains 87 severe convective storms, all of which occurred within 200 km of the upper-air site at Stony Plain, Alberta, Canada. Of these storms, 13 spawned significant (F2–F5) tornadoes, 61 spawned weak (F0–F1) tornadoes, and 13 had no reported tornadoes yet produced 3 cm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Anderson, Christopher J., Christopher K. Wikle, Qin Zhou, and J. Andrew Royle. "Population Influences on Tornado Reports in the United States." Weather and Forecasting 22, no. 3 (2007): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf997.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The number of tornadoes reported in the United States is believed to be less than the actual incidence of tornadoes, especially prior to the 1990s, because tornadoes may be undetectable by human witnesses in sparsely populated areas and areas in which obstructions limit the line of sight. A hierarchical Bayesian model is used to simultaneously correct for population-based sampling bias and estimate tornado density using historical tornado report data. The expected result is that F2–F5 compared with F0–F1 tornado reports would vary less with population density. The results agree with t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Liu, Brooke Fisher, Michael Egnoto, and JungKyu Rhys Lim. "How Mobile Home Residents Understand and Respond to Tornado Warnings." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 3 (2019): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0080.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Mobile home residents experience higher fatality rates from tornadoes than “fixed home” residents. Yet, research on how mobile home residents understand and respond to tornado warnings is lacking. Such research can help meteorologists and their partners better communicate tornado risk. We conducted four surveys with residents of the southeastern United States. This region has the highest concentration of tornado fatalities and killer tornadoes, in part because of the high density of mobile homes. Findings reveal that today’s tornado warning system inadequately prepares mobile home res

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

French, Michael M., Patrick S. Skinner, Louis J. Wicker, and Howard B. Bluestein. "Documenting a Rare Tornado Merger Observed in the 24 May 2011 El Reno–Piedmont, Oklahoma, Supercell*." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 8 (2015): 3025–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00349.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Unique observations of the interaction and likely merger of two cyclonic tornadoes are documented. One of the tornadoes involved in the interaction was the enhanced Fujita scale (EF5) El Reno–Piedmont, Oklahoma, tornado from 24 May 2011 and the other was a previously undocumented tornado. Data from three S-band radars: Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX); Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN); and the multifunction phased-array radar (MPAR), are used to detail the formation of the second tornado, which occurred to the northwest of the original tornado in an area of strong radial convergence. Radar data and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Kis, Amanda K., and Jerry M. Straka. "Nocturnal Tornado Climatology*." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 2 (2010): 545–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009waf2222294.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Very few studies on nocturnal tornadoes have been performed, and operational forecasting of nocturnal tornadoes is often guided by the results of studies that are biased toward daytime tornadoes. However, it is likely that tornado environments vary significantly over the diurnal cycle. For example, the depth and nature of storm inflow may change as the daytime boundary layer transitions into a stable nighttime boundary layer, and a low-level jet (LLJ) may form above in the residual layer and free atmosphere. The study performed herein is used to investigate features unique to nocturna

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kobayashi, Fumiaki, and Mika Yamaji. "Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Features of Tornadic Storms Occurred in Kanto, Japan, on May 6, 2012." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 6 (2013): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p1071.

Full text

Abstract:

The features of parent clouds of tornadoes generated in north Kanto, the middle of Honshu, on May 6, 2012 are discussed from the viewpoint of CG lightning. Cumulonimbus clouds (radar echo cells) that caused tornadoes had a peak lightning frequency of 20 strikes/min before the tornado generation. The number of lightning strikes decreased and positive lightning increased during the tornado generation. Cells that generated tornadoes were frequent lightning cells among echo cells generated around Kanto on that day, and long-landing and high-frequency lightning cells included mesocyclones in the cl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Boustead, Joshua M., Barbara E. Mayes, William Gargan, Jared L. Leighton, George Phillips, and Philip N. Schumacher. "Discriminating Environmental Conditions for Significant Warm Sector and Boundary Tornadoes in Parts of the Great Plains." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 6 (2013): 1498–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-12-00102.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Using system-relative composites, based on a dataset of significant tornadoes and null supercell events, environmental conditions associated with occurrences of significant tornadoes near discernible surface boundaries were compared to nontornadic boundary supercells, and warm sector significant tornadoes to nontornadic warm sector supercells, for a portion of the Great Plains. Results indicated that significant boundary tornadoes were associated with the exit region of a 300-hPa jet maximum, while null boundary events were in closer proximity to the 300-hPa jet entrance region. The d

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Bodine, David J., Matthew R. Kumjian, Robert D. Palmer, Pamela L. Heinselman, and Alexander V. Ryzhkov. "Tornado Damage Estimation Using Polarimetric Radar." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 1 (2013): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00158.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study investigates the use of tornadic debris signature (TDS) parameters to estimate tornado damage severity using Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), polarimetric radar data (polarimetric version of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler radar). Several TDS parameters are examined, including parameters based on the 10th or 90th percentiles of polarimetric variables (lowest tilt TDS parameters) and TDS parameters based on the TDS volumetric coverage (spatial TDS parameters). Two highly detailed National Weather Service (NWS) damage surveys are compared to TDS parameters. The TDS parame

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Houston, Adam L., and Robert B. Wilhelmson. "Observational Analysis of the 27 May 1997 Central Texas Tornadic Event. Part II: Tornadoes." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 3 (2007): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3301.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The 27 May 1997 central Texas tornadic event has been investigated in a two-part observational study. As demonstrated in Part I, the 1D environment associated with this event was unfavorable for significant (≥F2) tornadoes. Yet, the storm complex produced at least six significant tornadoes, including one rated F5 (the Jarrell, Texas, tornado). The purpose of this article is to examine the spatiotemporal interrelationships between tornadoes, preexisting boundaries, antecedent low-level mesocyclones, convective cells, and midlevel mesocyclones. It is shown that each of the six observed

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Deryugina, Tatyana, and Benjamin M. Marx. "Is the Supply of Charitable Donations Fixed? Evidence from Deadly Tornadoes." American Economic Review: Insights 3, no. 3 (2021): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20200230.

Full text

Abstract:

Do natural disasters increase charitable giving or simply reallocate a fixed supply of donations? We study this question using Internal Revenue Service data in the context of deadly tornadoes. We find that among zip codes located in the same state but more than 20 miles away from a tornado’s path, donations by households increase by about $2 million per tornado fatality. We find no negative effects of tornado fatalities on donations to charities located in these zip codes. The results imply that giving in response to new needs need not come at the expense of other causes. (JEL D64, L31, Q54)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Van Den Broeke, Matthew S., and Sabrina T. Jauernic. "Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Polarimetric Tornadic Debris Signatures." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 10 (2014): 2217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0094.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractNonmeteorological scatter, including debris lofted by tornadoes, may be detected using the polarimetric radar variables. For the 17 months from January 2012 to May 2013, radar data were examined for each tornado reported in the domain of an operational polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). Characteristics of the tornadic debris signature (TDS) were recorded when a signature was present. Approximately 16% of all tornadoes reported in Storm Data were associated with a debris signature, and this proportion is shown to vary regionally. Signatures were more frequen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Malamud, B. D., and D. L. Turcotte. "Statistics of severe tornadoes and severe tornado outbreaks." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 3 (2012): 6957–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-6957-2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The standard measures of the intensity of a tornado in the USA and many other countries are the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales. These scales are based on the damage that a tornado causes. Another measure of the strength of a tornado is its path length of touchdown, L. In this study we consider 4061 severe tornadoes (defined as L≥10 km) in the continental USA for the time period 1981–2010 (USA Storm Prediction Center Severe Weather Database). We find for individual severe tornadoes: (i) The noncumulative frequency-length statistics of severe tornado touchdown path lengths, 20 <

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gaffin, David M., and Stephen S. Parker. "A Climatology of Synoptic Conditions Associated with Significant Tornadoes across the Southern Appalachian Region." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 5 (2006): 735–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf951.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A 54-yr climatology (1950–2003) of synoptic conditions associated with significant (F2 or greater) tornado events in the southern Appalachian region was compiled to 1) investigate the observed relative minimum of tornadoes in the Great Tennessee Valley, 2) test a hypothesis concerning northwest versus southwest 500-hPa flow events across the Great Tennessee Valley and Cumberland Plateau, 3) examine common operational forecasting techniques often used with synoptic-scale data to determine potentially tornadic environments, and 4) compare the patterns associated with significant, outbre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Pîrloagă, Răzvan, Dragoş Ene, and Bogdan Antonescu. "Population Bias on Tornado Reports in Europe." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311485.

Full text

Abstract:

Tornadoes are associated with damages, injuries, and even fatalities in Europe. Knowing the spatial distribution of tornadoes is essential for developing disaster risk reduction strategies. Unfortunately, there is a population bias on tornado reporting in Europe. To account for this bias, a Bayesian modeling approach was used based on tornado observations and population density for relatively small regions of Europe. The results indicated that the number of tornadoes could be 53% higher that are currently reported. The largest adjustments produced by the model are for Northern Europe and parts

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Simmons, Kevin M., and Daniel Sutter. "WSR-88D Radar, Tornado Warnings, and Tornado Casualties." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 3 (2005): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf857.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The impact of the installation of Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars in the 1990s on the quality of tornado warnings and occurrence of tornado casualties is examined. This analysis employs a dataset of tornadoes in the contiguous United States between 1986 and 1999. The date of WSR-88D radar installation in each National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office is used to divide the sample. Tornado warnings improved after the installation of Doppler radar; the percentage of tornadoes warned for increased from 35% before WSR-88D installation to 60% after installati

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Tanamachi, Robin L., Howard B. Bluestein, Jana B. Houser, Stephen J. Frasier, and Kery M. Hardwick. "Mobile, X-band, Polarimetric Doppler Radar Observations of the 4 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, Tornadic Supercell." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 7 (2012): 2103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00142.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract On 4 May 2007, a supercell produced an EF-5 tornado that severely damaged the town of Greensburg, Kansas. Volumetric data were collected in the “Greensburg storm” by the University of Massachusetts X-band, mobile, polarimetric Doppler radar (UMass X-Pol) for 70 min; 10 tornadoes were detected. This mobile Doppler radar dataset is one of only a few documenting an EF-5 tornado and the supercell’s transition from short-track, cyclic tornado production (mode 1) to long-track tornado production (mode 2). Using bootstrap confidence intervals, it is determined that the mode-2 tornadoes moved

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Molina, Maria J., John T. Allen, and Vittorio A. Gensini. "The Gulf of Mexico and ENSO Influence on Subseasonal and Seasonal CONUS Winter Tornado Variability." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 10 (2018): 2439–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0046.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) influence winter tornado variability and significant tornado (EF2+, where EF is the enhanced Fujita scale) environments. Increases occur in the probability of a significant tornado environment from the southern Great Plains to the Midwest during La Niña, and across the southern contiguous United States (CONUS) during El Niño. Winter significant tornado environments are absent across Florida, Georgia, and the coastal Carolinas during moderate-to-strong La Niña events. Jet stream modulation by ENSO contributes to higher tor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hatzis, Joshua J., Jennifer Koch, and Harold E. Brooks. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Near-Miss Violent Tornadoes in the United States." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 1 (2018): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0046.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In the hazards literature, a near-miss is defined as an event that had a nontrivial probability of causing loss of life or property but did not due to chance. Frequent near-misses can desensitize the public to tornado risk and reduce responses to warnings. Violent tornadoes rarely hit densely populated areas, but when they do they can cause substantial loss of life. It is unknown how frequently violent tornadoes narrowly miss a populated area. To address this question, this study looks at the spatial distribution of possible exposures of people to violent tornadoes in the United State

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Reames, Larissa J. "Diurnal Variations in Severe Weather Forecast Parameters of Rapid Update Cycle-2 Tornado Proximity Environments." Weather and Forecasting 32, no. 2 (2017): 743–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0029.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Nocturnal tornadoes are disproportionately dangerous compared with their daytime counterparts; thus, it is imperative to improve the forecasting of these tornadoes. This study uses a large (194 cases) and geographically expansive dataset of Rapid Update Cycle tornado proximity (within 80 km of initial tornado touchdown) soundings from 2003 to 2011 to investigate tornado forecast parameter differences between F1–F2 (weak) and F3+ (strong) nocturnal and daytime tornadoes. The findings suggest that, when considered alone, 0–1- and 0–3-km wind shears show the highest skill in distinguishi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Kahraman, Abdullah, and Paul M. Markowski. "Tornado Climatology of Turkey." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 6 (2014): 2345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00364.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A climatology of tornadoes in Turkey is presented using records from a wide variety of sources (e.g., the Turkish State Meteorological Service, European Severe Weather Database, newspaper archives, Internet searches, etc.). The climatology includes the annual, diurnal, geographical, and intensity distributions of both mesocyclonic and nonmesocyclonic tornadoes. From 1818 to 2013, 385 tornado cases were obtained. The tornadoes range from F0 to F3, with F1 being the most frequently reported or inferred intensity. Mesocyclonic tornadoes are most likely in May and June, and a secondary ma

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chernokulsky, Alexander, Andrey Shikhov, Alexey Bykov, and Igor Azhigov. "Satellite-Based Study and Numerical Forecasting of Two Tornado Outbreaks in the Ural Region in June 2017." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (2020): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111146.

Full text

Abstract:

Strong tornadoes are common for the European part of Russia but happen rather rare east of the Urals. June 2017 became an exceptional month when two tornado outbreaks occurred in the Ural region of Russia, yielded $3 million damage, and resulted in 1 fatality and 14 injuries. In this study, we performed detailed analysis of these outbreaks with different data. Tornadoes and tornado-related environments were diagnosed with news and eyewitness reports, ground-based meteorological observations, sounding data, global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models data, synoptic charts, satellite images

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Wurman, Joshua, Karen Kosiba, Trevor White, and Paul Robinson. "Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 14 (2021): e2021535118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021535118.

Full text

Abstract:

Tornadoes cause damage, injury, and death when intense winds impact structures. Quantifying the strength and extent of such winds is critical to characterizing tornado hazards. Ratings of intensity and size are based nearly entirely on postevent damage surveys [R. Edwards et al., Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 94, 641–653 (2013)]. It has long been suspected that these suffer low bias [C. A. Doswell, D. W. Burgess, Mon. Weather Rev. 116, 495–501 (1988)]. Here, using mapping of low-level tornado winds in 120 tornadoes, we prove that supercell tornadoes are typically much stronger and wider than damage

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!