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Journal articles on the topic 'Torpor metabolic rate'

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Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Geiser, Fritz, Shannon E. Currie, Kelly A. O'Shea, and Sara M. Hiebert. "Torpor and hypothermia: reversed hysteresis of metabolic rate and body temperature." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 11 (2014): R1324—R1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00214.2014.

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Regulated torpor and unregulated hypothermia are both characterized by substantially reduced body temperature (Tb) and metabolic rate (MR), but they differ physiologically. Although the remarkable, medically interesting adaptations accompanying torpor (e.g., tolerance for cold and ischemia, absence of reperfusion injury, and disuse atrophy) often do not apply to hypothermia in homeothermic species such as humans, the terms “torpor” and “hypothermia” are often used interchangeably in the literature. To determine how these states differ functionally and to provide a reliable diagnostic tool for

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2

Geiser, Fritz. "Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor." Annual Review of Physiology 66, no. 1 (2004): 239–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13525796.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Although it is well established that during periods of torpor heterothermic mammals and birds can reduce metabolic rates (MR) substantially, the mechanisms causing the reduction of MR remain a controversial subject. The comparative analysis provided here suggests that MR reduction depends on patterns of torpor used, the state of torpor, and body mass. Daily heterotherms, which are species that enter daily torpor exclusively, appear to rely mostly on the fall of body temperature (Tb) for MR reduction, perhaps with the exception of very small sp

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3

Geiser, Fritz. "Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor." Annual Review of Physiology 66, no. 1 (2004): 239–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13525796.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Although it is well established that during periods of torpor heterothermic mammals and birds can reduce metabolic rates (MR) substantially, the mechanisms causing the reduction of MR remain a controversial subject. The comparative analysis provided here suggests that MR reduction depends on patterns of torpor used, the state of torpor, and body mass. Daily heterotherms, which are species that enter daily torpor exclusively, appear to rely mostly on the fall of body temperature (Tb) for MR reduction, perhaps with the exception of very small sp

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4

Geiser, Fritz. "Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor." Annual Review of Physiology 66, no. 1 (2004): 239–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13525796.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Although it is well established that during periods of torpor heterothermic mammals and birds can reduce metabolic rates (MR) substantially, the mechanisms causing the reduction of MR remain a controversial subject. The comparative analysis provided here suggests that MR reduction depends on patterns of torpor used, the state of torpor, and body mass. Daily heterotherms, which are species that enter daily torpor exclusively, appear to rely mostly on the fall of body temperature (Tb) for MR reduction, perhaps with the exception of very small sp

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5

Geiser, Fritz. "Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor." Annual Review of Physiology 66, no. 1 (2004): 239–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13525796.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Although it is well established that during periods of torpor heterothermic mammals and birds can reduce metabolic rates (MR) substantially, the mechanisms causing the reduction of MR remain a controversial subject. The comparative analysis provided here suggests that MR reduction depends on patterns of torpor used, the state of torpor, and body mass. Daily heterotherms, which are species that enter daily torpor exclusively, appear to rely mostly on the fall of body temperature (Tb) for MR reduction, perhaps with the exception of very small sp

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6

Withers, PC, KC Richardson, and RD Wooller. "Metabolic Physiology of Euthermic and Torpid Honey Possums, Tarsipes-Rostratus." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 6 (1989): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890685.

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Euthermic honey possums have a higher body temperature (Tb), basal metabolic rate and wet thermal conductance than other marsupials of similar mass. Honey possums enter torpor when cold-stressed and deprived of food. The pattern of decline in body temperature and oxygen consumption during torpor generally resembles that of other heterothermic endotherms. The duration of torpor bouts in honey possums was about 10 h; torpor bouts longer than one day were not observed. The Tb declined during torpor to within 1-2�C of ambient temperature (Ta>5�C) and oxygen consumption rate declined dramaticall

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7

Heldmaier, Gerhard, Martin Klingenspor, Martin Werneyer, Brian J. Lampi, Stephen P. J. Brooks, and Kenneth B. Storey. "Metabolic adjustments during daily torpor in the Djungarian hamster." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, no. 5 (1999): E896—E906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.5.e896.

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Djungarian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus) acclimated to a short photoperiod (8:16-h light-dark cycle) display spontaneous daily torpor with ad libitum food availability. The time course of body temperature (Tb), metabolic rate, respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate and enzyme changes was measured during entrance into torpor and in deep torpor. RQ, blood glucose, and serum lipids are high during the first hours of torpor but then gradually decline, suggesting that glucose is the primary fuel during the first hours of torpor, with a gradual change to lipid utilization. No major changes in enzy

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8

Soto, Marion, Lucie Orliaguet, Michelle L. Reyzer, M. Lisa Manier, Richard M. Caprioli, and C. Ronald Kahn. "Pyruvate induces torpor in obese mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 4 (2018): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717507115.

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Mice subjected to cold or caloric deprivation can reduce body temperature and metabolic rate and enter a state of torpor. Here we show that administration of pyruvate, an energy-rich metabolic intermediate, can induce torpor in mice with diet-induced or genetic obesity. This is associated with marked hypothermia, decreased activity, and decreased metabolic rate. The drop in body temperature correlates with the degree of obesity and is blunted by housing mice at thermoneutrality. Induction of torpor by pyruvate in obese mice relies on adenosine signaling and is accompanied by changes in brain l

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9

Song, X., G. K�rtner, and F. Geiser. "Reduction of metabolic rate and thermoregulation during daily torpor." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 165, no. 4 (1995): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00367312.

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10

Keicher, Lara, J. Ryan Shipley, Ewa Komar, Ireneusz Ruczyński, Paul J. Schaeffer, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Flexible energy-saving strategies in female temperate-zone bats." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 6 (2022): 805–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13535733.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Torpor is characterized by an extreme reduction in metabolism and a common energy-saving strategy of heterothermic animals. Torpor is often associated with cold temperatures, but in the last decades, more diverse and flexible forms of torpor have been described. For example, tropical bat species maintain a low metabolism and heart rate at high ambient and body temperatures. We investigated whether bats (Nyctalus noctula) from the cooler temperate European regions also show this form of torpor with metabolic inhibition at high body temperatures

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11

Keicher, Lara, J. Ryan Shipley, Ewa Komar, Ireneusz Ruczyński, Paul J. Schaeffer, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Flexible energy-saving strategies in female temperate-zone bats." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 6 (2022): 805–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13535733.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Torpor is characterized by an extreme reduction in metabolism and a common energy-saving strategy of heterothermic animals. Torpor is often associated with cold temperatures, but in the last decades, more diverse and flexible forms of torpor have been described. For example, tropical bat species maintain a low metabolism and heart rate at high ambient and body temperatures. We investigated whether bats (Nyctalus noctula) from the cooler temperate European regions also show this form of torpor with metabolic inhibition at high body temperatures

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12

Geiser, F. "Hibernation in the Eastern Pygmy Possum, Cercartetus-Nanus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 1 (1993): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930067.

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The pattern of torpor was examined in the eastern pygmy possum, Cercartetus nanus (21 g). Animals displayed torpor regularly in the laboratory, and the occurrence of torpor increased with decreasing air temperature (T(a)). At high T(a) (18-degrees-C) animals usually exhibited daily torpor, but torpor bouts of up to 2 days were observed occasionally. The duration of torpor bouts lengthened with a lowering of T(a) and the mean bout duration at T(a) = 5-degrees-C was 17.0 +/- 2.5 days. The minimum metabolic rate (measured as rate of oxygen consumption) of torpid individuals was 0.018 +/- 0.003 mL

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13

Buck, C. Loren, and Brian M. Barnes. "Effects of ambient temperature on metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and torpor in an arctic hibernator." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 1 (2000): R255—R262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.1.r255.

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Arctic ground squirrels ( Spermophilus parryii) overwinter in hibernaculum conditions that are substantially below freezing. During torpor, captive arctic ground squirrels displayed ambient temperature (Ta)-dependent patterns of core body temperature (Tb), metabolic rate (TMR), and metabolic fuel use, as determined by respiratory quotient (RQ). At Ta 0 to −16°C, Tb remained relatively constant, and TMR rose proportionally with the expanding gradient between Tb and Ta, increasing >15-fold from a minimum of 0.0115 ± 0.0012 ml O2 · g−1 · h−1. At Ta 0–20°C, Tbincreased with Ta; however, TMR did

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14

Fjelldal, Mari Aas, Rune Sørås, and Clare Stawski. "Universality of Torpor Expression in Bats." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 95, no. 4 (2022): 326–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13532210.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Although heterothermy is employed by species at a global level within the order of Chiroptera (bats), the possibility of torpor being expressed in bat species inhabiting warmer climate zones has been explored only in the past couple decades. Recent studies suggest that the benefit of expressing torpor is not limited to saving energy during cold exposure or food shortage but may be just as important for saving water during heat waves. Thus, even if the physiological challenges faced by bats may depend on the habitat they live in, species expres

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15

Fjelldal, Mari Aas, Rune Sørås, and Clare Stawski. "Universality of Torpor Expression in Bats." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 95, no. 4 (2022): 326–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13532210.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Although heterothermy is employed by species at a global level within the order of Chiroptera (bats), the possibility of torpor being expressed in bat species inhabiting warmer climate zones has been explored only in the past couple decades. Recent studies suggest that the benefit of expressing torpor is not limited to saving energy during cold exposure or food shortage but may be just as important for saving water during heat waves. Thus, even if the physiological challenges faced by bats may depend on the habitat they live in, species expres

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16

Staples, James F. "Metabolic Flexibility: Hibernation, Torpor, and Estivation." Comprehensive Physiology 6, no. 2 (2016): 737–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00689.x.

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ABSTRACTMany environmental conditions can constrain the ability of animals to obtain sufficient food energy, or transform that food energy into useful chemical forms. To survive extended periods under such conditions animals must suppress metabolic rate to conserve energy, water, or oxygen. Amongst small endotherms, this metabolic suppression is accompanied by and, in some cases, facilitated by a decrease in core body temperature—hibernation or daily torpor—though significant metabolic suppression can be achieved even with only modest cooling. Within some ectotherms, winter metabolic suppressi

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17

Brown, Jason C. L., Alexander R. Gerson, and James F. Staples. "Mitochondrial metabolism during daily torpor in the dwarf Siberian hamster: role of active regulated changes and passive thermal effects." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 5 (2007): R1833—R1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00310.2007.

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During daily torpor in the dwarf Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus, metabolic rate is reduced by 65% compared with the basal rate, but the mechanisms involved are contentious. We examined liver mitochondrial respiration to determine the possible role of active regulated changes and passive thermal effects in the reduction of metabolic rate. When assayed at 37°C, state 3 (phosphorylating) respiration, but not state 4 (nonphosphorylating) respiration, was significantly lower during torpor compared with normothermia, suggesting that active regulated changes occur during daily torpor. Using top-

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18

Génin, F., M. Nibbelink, M. Galand, M. Perret, and L. Ambid. "Brown fat and nonshivering thermogenesis in the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 3 (2003): R811—R818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00525.2002.

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The gray mouse lemur Microcebus murinus is a rare example of a primate exhibiting daily torpor. In captive animals, we examined the metabolic rate during arousal from torpor and showed that this process involved nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). Under thermoneutrality (28°C), warming-up from daily torpor (body temperature <33°C) involved a rapid (<5 min) increase of O2 consumption that was proportional to the depth of torpor ( n = 8). The injection of a β-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) known to elicit NST induced a dose-dependent increase in metabolic rate ( n = 8). Moreover, maximum

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19

Geiser, F. "Hibernation and Daily Torpor in Marsupials - a Review." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940001.

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Most heterothermic marsupials appear to display one of the two patterns of torpor that have been described in placental mammals. During shallow, daily torpor body temperature (T(b)) falls for several hours from about 35-degrees-C to values between 11 and 28-degrees-C, depending on the species, and metabolic rates fall to about 10-60% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR). In contrast during deep and prolonged torpor (hibernation), T(b) falls to about 1-5-degrees-C, metabolic rates to about 2-6% of BMR and torpor bouts last for 5-23 days. Shallow, daily torpor has been observed in the opossums (Did

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20

O'Mara, M. Teague, Sebastian Rikker, Martin Wikelski, Andries Ter Maat, Henry S. Pollock, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 171359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171359.

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Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff ba

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21

Liu, Jian-Nan, and William H. Karasov. "Metabolism during winter in a subtropical hibernating bat, the Formosan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros terasensis)." Journal of Mammalogy 93, no. 1 (2012): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450272.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The 60-g subtropical Formosan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros terasensis, hibernates in the wild at warm roost (and hence body) temperatures up to 23uC. For small hibernators, torpid metabolic rate is temperature dependent and thus hibernation in warm hibernacula is predicted to be energetically costly. This species, however, rarely feeds during the hibernation season to offset the expected high energetic costs. In this study we used a respirometry system to quantify physiological characteristics of euthermic and torpid H. terasensis in winter. W

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22

Liu, Jian-Nan, and William H. Karasov. "Metabolism during winter in a subtropical hibernating bat, the Formosan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros terasensis)." Journal of Mammalogy 93, no. 1 (2012): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450272.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The 60-g subtropical Formosan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros terasensis, hibernates in the wild at warm roost (and hence body) temperatures up to 23uC. For small hibernators, torpid metabolic rate is temperature dependent and thus hibernation in warm hibernacula is predicted to be energetically costly. This species, however, rarely feeds during the hibernation season to offset the expected high energetic costs. In this study we used a respirometry system to quantify physiological characteristics of euthermic and torpid H. terasensis in winter. W

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23

Liu, Jian-Nan, and William H. Karasov. "Metabolism during winter in a subtropical hibernating bat, the Formosan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros terasensis)." Journal of Mammalogy 93, no. 1 (2012): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450272.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The 60-g subtropical Formosan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros terasensis, hibernates in the wild at warm roost (and hence body) temperatures up to 23uC. For small hibernators, torpid metabolic rate is temperature dependent and thus hibernation in warm hibernacula is predicted to be energetically costly. This species, however, rarely feeds during the hibernation season to offset the expected high energetic costs. In this study we used a respirometry system to quantify physiological characteristics of euthermic and torpid H. terasensis in winter. W

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24

Liu, Jian-Nan, and William H. Karasov. "Metabolism during winter in a subtropical hibernating bat, the Formosan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros terasensis)." Journal of Mammalogy 93, no. 1 (2012): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450272.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The 60-g subtropical Formosan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros terasensis, hibernates in the wild at warm roost (and hence body) temperatures up to 23uC. For small hibernators, torpid metabolic rate is temperature dependent and thus hibernation in warm hibernacula is predicted to be energetically costly. This species, however, rarely feeds during the hibernation season to offset the expected high energetic costs. In this study we used a respirometry system to quantify physiological characteristics of euthermic and torpid H. terasensis in winter. W

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25

Liu, Jian-Nan, and William H. Karasov. "Metabolism during winter in a subtropical hibernating bat, the Formosan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros terasensis)." Journal of Mammalogy 93, no. 1 (2012): 220–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450272.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The 60-g subtropical Formosan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros terasensis, hibernates in the wild at warm roost (and hence body) temperatures up to 23uC. For small hibernators, torpid metabolic rate is temperature dependent and thus hibernation in warm hibernacula is predicted to be energetically costly. This species, however, rarely feeds during the hibernation season to offset the expected high energetic costs. In this study we used a respirometry system to quantify physiological characteristics of euthermic and torpid H. terasensis in winter. W

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26

Sørås, Rune, Mari Aas Fjelldal, Claus Bech, et al. "State dependence of arousal from torpor in brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 6 (2022): 815–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427205.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To cope with periods of low food availability and unsuitable environmental conditions (e.g., short photoperiod or challenging weather), many heterothermic mammals can readily go into torpor to save energy. However, torpor also entails several potential costs, and quantitative energetics can, therefore, be influenced by the individual state, such as available energy reserves. We studied the thermal energetics of brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the northern part of its distributional range, including torpor entry, thermoregulatory ab

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27

Sørås, Rune, Mari Aas Fjelldal, Claus Bech, et al. "State dependence of arousal from torpor in brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 6 (2022): 815–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427205.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To cope with periods of low food availability and unsuitable environmental conditions (e.g., short photoperiod or challenging weather), many heterothermic mammals can readily go into torpor to save energy. However, torpor also entails several potential costs, and quantitative energetics can, therefore, be influenced by the individual state, such as available energy reserves. We studied the thermal energetics of brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the northern part of its distributional range, including torpor entry, thermoregulatory ab

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28

Sørås, Rune, Mari Aas Fjelldal, Claus Bech, et al. "State dependence of arousal from torpor in brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 6 (2022): 815–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427205.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To cope with periods of low food availability and unsuitable environmental conditions (e.g., short photoperiod or challenging weather), many heterothermic mammals can readily go into torpor to save energy. However, torpor also entails several potential costs, and quantitative energetics can, therefore, be influenced by the individual state, such as available energy reserves. We studied the thermal energetics of brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the northern part of its distributional range, including torpor entry, thermoregulatory ab

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29

Sørås, Rune, Mari Aas Fjelldal, Claus Bech, et al. "State dependence of arousal from torpor in brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 6 (2022): 815–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427205.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To cope with periods of low food availability and unsuitable environmental conditions (e.g., short photoperiod or challenging weather), many heterothermic mammals can readily go into torpor to save energy. However, torpor also entails several potential costs, and quantitative energetics can, therefore, be influenced by the individual state, such as available energy reserves. We studied the thermal energetics of brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the northern part of its distributional range, including torpor entry, thermoregulatory ab

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30

Sørås, Rune, Mari Aas Fjelldal, Claus Bech, et al. "State dependence of arousal from torpor in brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 192, no. 6 (2022): 815–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427205.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To cope with periods of low food availability and unsuitable environmental conditions (e.g., short photoperiod or challenging weather), many heterothermic mammals can readily go into torpor to save energy. However, torpor also entails several potential costs, and quantitative energetics can, therefore, be influenced by the individual state, such as available energy reserves. We studied the thermal energetics of brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the northern part of its distributional range, including torpor entry, thermoregulatory ab

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31

Mathers, Katherine E., and James F. Staples. "Differential posttranslational modification of mitochondrial enzymes corresponds with metabolic suppression during hibernation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 317, no. 2 (2019): R262—R269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2019.

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During hibernation, small mammals, including the 13-lined ground squirrel ( Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), cycle between two distinct metabolic states: torpor, where metabolic rate is suppressed by >95% and body temperature falls to ~5°C, and interbout euthermia (IBE), where both metabolic rate and body temperature rapidly increase to euthermic levels. Suppression of whole animal metabolism during torpor is paralleled by rapid, reversible suppression of mitochondrial respiration. We hypothesized that these changes in mitochondrial metabolism are regulated by posttranslational modifications to

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32

O'Mara, M. Teague, Sebastian Rikker, Martin Wikelski, Maat Andries Ter, Henry S. Pollock, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 171359. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440209.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the

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33

O'Mara, M. Teague, Sebastian Rikker, Martin Wikelski, Maat Andries Ter, Henry S. Pollock, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 171359. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440209.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the

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34

O'Mara, M. Teague, Sebastian Rikker, Martin Wikelski, Maat Andries Ter, Henry S. Pollock, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 171359. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440209.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the

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35

O'Mara, M. Teague, Sebastian Rikker, Martin Wikelski, Maat Andries Ter, Henry S. Pollock, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 171359. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440209.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the

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36

O'Mara, M. Teague, Sebastian Rikker, Martin Wikelski, Maat Andries Ter, Henry S. Pollock, and Dina K. N. Dechmann. "Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 171359. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440209.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the

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37

Malan, André, Dominique Ciocca, Etienne Challet, and Paul Pévet. "Implicating a Temperature-Dependent Clock in the Regulation of Torpor Bout Duration in Classic Hibernation." Journal of Biological Rhythms 33, no. 6 (2018): 626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730418797820.

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Syrian hamsters may present 2 types of torpor when exposed to ambient temperatures in the winter season, from 8°C to 22°C (short photoperiod). The first is daily torpor, which is controlled by the master circadian clock of the body, located in the SCN. In this paper, we show that daily torpor bout duration is unchanged over the 8°C to 22°C temperature range, as predicted from the thermal compensation of circadian clocks. These findings contrast with the second type of torpor: multi-day torpor or classic hibernation. In multi-day torpor, bout duration increases as temperature decreases, followi

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38

Dunbar, Miranda B., and Thomas E. Tomasi. "AROUSAL PATTERNS, METABOLIC RATE, AND AN ENERGY BUDGET OF EASTERN RED BATS (LASIURUS BOREALIS) IN WINTER." Journal of Mammalogy 87, no. 6 (2006): 1096–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13475605.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) will move into leaf litter during cold bouts of winter, and because temperatures fluctuate at these roosts, our 1st goal was to quantify winter arousals in response to ambient temperature (Ta). Additionally, we measured changes in metabolism and body temperature (Tb) during hibernation and arousals at various Ta. Using these data, we estimated winter energy budgets. Bats were captured during autumn of 2003 and 2004 in southwestern Missouri and kept in environmental chambers simulating natural conditions. We

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39

Dunbar, Miranda B., and Thomas E. Tomasi. "AROUSAL PATTERNS, METABOLIC RATE, AND AN ENERGY BUDGET OF EASTERN RED BATS (LASIURUS BOREALIS) IN WINTER." Journal of Mammalogy 87, no. 6 (2006): 1096–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13475605.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) will move into leaf litter during cold bouts of winter, and because temperatures fluctuate at these roosts, our 1st goal was to quantify winter arousals in response to ambient temperature (Ta). Additionally, we measured changes in metabolism and body temperature (Tb) during hibernation and arousals at various Ta. Using these data, we estimated winter energy budgets. Bats were captured during autumn of 2003 and 2004 in southwestern Missouri and kept in environmental chambers simulating natural conditions. We

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40

Dunbar, Miranda B., and Thomas E. Tomasi. "AROUSAL PATTERNS, METABOLIC RATE, AND AN ENERGY BUDGET OF EASTERN RED BATS (LASIURUS BOREALIS) IN WINTER." Journal of Mammalogy 87, no. 6 (2006): 1096–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13475605.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) will move into leaf litter during cold bouts of winter, and because temperatures fluctuate at these roosts, our 1st goal was to quantify winter arousals in response to ambient temperature (Ta). Additionally, we measured changes in metabolism and body temperature (Tb) during hibernation and arousals at various Ta. Using these data, we estimated winter energy budgets. Bats were captured during autumn of 2003 and 2004 in southwestern Missouri and kept in environmental chambers simulating natural conditions. We

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41

Dunbar, Miranda B., and Thomas E. Tomasi. "AROUSAL PATTERNS, METABOLIC RATE, AND AN ENERGY BUDGET OF EASTERN RED BATS (LASIURUS BOREALIS) IN WINTER." Journal of Mammalogy 87, no. 6 (2006): 1096–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13475605.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) will move into leaf litter during cold bouts of winter, and because temperatures fluctuate at these roosts, our 1st goal was to quantify winter arousals in response to ambient temperature (Ta). Additionally, we measured changes in metabolism and body temperature (Tb) during hibernation and arousals at various Ta. Using these data, we estimated winter energy budgets. Bats were captured during autumn of 2003 and 2004 in southwestern Missouri and kept in environmental chambers simulating natural conditions. We

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42

Dunbar, Miranda B., and Thomas E. Tomasi. "AROUSAL PATTERNS, METABOLIC RATE, AND AN ENERGY BUDGET OF EASTERN RED BATS (LASIURUS BOREALIS) IN WINTER." Journal of Mammalogy 87, no. 6 (2006): 1096–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13475605.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) will move into leaf litter during cold bouts of winter, and because temperatures fluctuate at these roosts, our 1st goal was to quantify winter arousals in response to ambient temperature (Ta). Additionally, we measured changes in metabolism and body temperature (Tb) during hibernation and arousals at various Ta. Using these data, we estimated winter energy budgets. Bats were captured during autumn of 2003 and 2004 in southwestern Missouri and kept in environmental chambers simulating natural conditions. We

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43

Turbill, Christopher. "Temperature effects on metabolic rate and torpor in southern forest bats (Vespadelus regulus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 2 (2009): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09029.

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I measured the metabolic rate (MR) of four male southern forest bats (Vespadelus regulus; 5.5 g) exposed to a diurnal increase in air temperature (Ta) from 13 to 26°C, simulating conditions in natural tree roosts. Three bats remained in torpor throughout the day, despite the rise in Ta, whereas one bat aroused at a Ta of 25.2°C and was normothermic for 108 min until re-entering torpor when Ta declined in the afternoon. All bats aroused shortly after lights off. Torpid MR increased exponentially with rising Ta, yet even at 26°C remained only 16% of minimum resting MR at the same Ta. Rest-phase

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44

Matheson, A. L., K. L. Campbell, and C. K. R. Willis. "Feasting, fasting and freezing: energetic effects of meal size and temperature on torpor expression by little brown bats Myotislucifugus." Journal of Experimental Biology 213, no. 12 (2010): 2165–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524615.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Torpor is an adaptation for energy conservation employed by many species of small-bodied endotherms. However, surprisingly little is known regarding proximate factors influencing day-to-day variation in torpor expression in the wild. We used open-flow respirometry to quantify torpor expression in nine little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus, LeConte 1831) at two ambient temperatures (7 degrees C and 17 degrees C) following either sham feeding or consumption of a high-protein meal (50% or 100% of the mass required to reach satiation for each indivi

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45

Matheson, A. L., K. L. Campbell, and C. K. R. Willis. "Feasting, fasting and freezing: energetic effects of meal size and temperature on torpor expression by little brown bats Myotislucifugus." Journal of Experimental Biology 213, no. 12 (2010): 2165–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524615.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Torpor is an adaptation for energy conservation employed by many species of small-bodied endotherms. However, surprisingly little is known regarding proximate factors influencing day-to-day variation in torpor expression in the wild. We used open-flow respirometry to quantify torpor expression in nine little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus, LeConte 1831) at two ambient temperatures (7 degrees C and 17 degrees C) following either sham feeding or consumption of a high-protein meal (50% or 100% of the mass required to reach satiation for each indivi

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46

Matheson, A. L., K. L. Campbell, and C. K. R. Willis. "Feasting, fasting and freezing: energetic effects of meal size and temperature on torpor expression by little brown bats Myotislucifugus." Journal of Experimental Biology 213, no. 12 (2010): 2165–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524615.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Torpor is an adaptation for energy conservation employed by many species of small-bodied endotherms. However, surprisingly little is known regarding proximate factors influencing day-to-day variation in torpor expression in the wild. We used open-flow respirometry to quantify torpor expression in nine little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus, LeConte 1831) at two ambient temperatures (7 degrees C and 17 degrees C) following either sham feeding or consumption of a high-protein meal (50% or 100% of the mass required to reach satiation for each indivi

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47

Matheson, A. L., K. L. Campbell, and C. K. R. Willis. "Feasting, fasting and freezing: energetic effects of meal size and temperature on torpor expression by little brown bats Myotislucifugus." Journal of Experimental Biology 213, no. 12 (2010): 2165–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524615.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Torpor is an adaptation for energy conservation employed by many species of small-bodied endotherms. However, surprisingly little is known regarding proximate factors influencing day-to-day variation in torpor expression in the wild. We used open-flow respirometry to quantify torpor expression in nine little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus, LeConte 1831) at two ambient temperatures (7 degrees C and 17 degrees C) following either sham feeding or consumption of a high-protein meal (50% or 100% of the mass required to reach satiation for each indivi

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48

Heldmaier, Gerhard, Sylvia Ortmann, and Ralf Elvert. "Natural hypometabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals." Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 141, no. 3 (2004): 317–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13525542.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Daily torpor and hibernation are the most powerful measures of endotherms to reduce their energy expenditure. During entrance into these torpid states metabolic rate is suppressed to a fraction of euthermic metabolism, paralleled by reductions in ventilation and heart rate. Body temperature gradually decreases towards the level of ambient temperature. In deep torpor body temperature as well as metabolic rate are controlled at a hypothermic and hypometabolic level. Torpid states are terminated by an arousal where metabolic rate spontaneously re

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49

Heldmaier, Gerhard, Sylvia Ortmann, and Ralf Elvert. "Natural hypometabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals." Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 141, no. 3 (2004): 317–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13525542.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Daily torpor and hibernation are the most powerful measures of endotherms to reduce their energy expenditure. During entrance into these torpid states metabolic rate is suppressed to a fraction of euthermic metabolism, paralleled by reductions in ventilation and heart rate. Body temperature gradually decreases towards the level of ambient temperature. In deep torpor body temperature as well as metabolic rate are controlled at a hypothermic and hypometabolic level. Torpid states are terminated by an arousal where metabolic rate spontaneously re

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50

Heldmaier, Gerhard, Sylvia Ortmann, and Ralf Elvert. "Natural hypometabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals." Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 141, no. 3 (2004): 317–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13525542.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Daily torpor and hibernation are the most powerful measures of endotherms to reduce their energy expenditure. During entrance into these torpid states metabolic rate is suppressed to a fraction of euthermic metabolism, paralleled by reductions in ventilation and heart rate. Body temperature gradually decreases towards the level of ambient temperature. In deep torpor body temperature as well as metabolic rate are controlled at a hypothermic and hypometabolic level. Torpid states are terminated by an arousal where metabolic rate spontaneously re

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