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Journal articles on the topic 'Torque model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Yang, Zi-Qi, and Mehrdad R. Kermani. "A Computationally Efficient Hysteresis Model for Magneto-Rheological Clutches and Its Comparison with Other Models." Actuators 12, no. 5 (2023): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12050190.

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The collaborative robot market has experienced rapid growth, leading to advancements in compliant actuation and torque control. Magneto-rheological (MR) clutches offer a hardware-level solution for achieving both compliance and torque control through adjustable coupling between the input and output of the MR clutch. However, the presence of frequency-dependent magnetic hysteresis makes controlling the output torque challenging. In this paper, we present a comparative study of six widely used hysteresis models and propose a computationally efficient algebraic model to address the issue of hyste

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2

Rawashdeh, Samir A. "Attitude Analysis of Small Satellites Using Model-Based Simulation." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (April 15, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3020581.

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CubeSats, and small satellites in general, being small and relatively light, are sensitive to disturbance torques in the orbital environment. We developed a simulation tool that includes models of the major environmental torques and small satellite experiences in low Earth orbit, which allows users to study the attitude response for a given spacecraft and assist in the design of attitude control systems, such as selecting the magnet strength when using passive magnetic stabilization or designing the shape of the spacecraft when using aerodynamic attitude stabilization. The simulation tool name

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3

Zhang, Xuejian, Yue Deng, Yan Wang, Chuanrong Yin, and Junzhao Gao. "Effects of Implanting Torques on Implant Osseointegration in an Animal Model." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 12, no. 5 (2022): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2022.2983.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of insertion torque on implant osseointegration in an animal model. Methods: First, the first to fourth premolars of nine healthy adult beagles’ mandibular were extracted to form an edentulous area, and then the beagles were equally divided into three groups with different torques (low torque: 10–30 Ncm; medium torque: 30–50 Ncm; high torque: > 70 Ncm). Three implants were placed on each side of the edentulous area of the beagles (54 total), and the dogs were observed for 8 weeks. Implant performance and removal torque values (RTV) were determined at 1,

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4

Lewis, Martin G. C., Maurice R. Yeadon, and Mark A. King. "Are Torque-Driven Simulation Models of Human Movement Limited by an Assumption of Monoarticularity?" Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093852.

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Subject-specific torque-driven computer simulation models employing single-joint torque generators have successfully simulated various sports movements with a key assumption that the maximal torque exerted at a joint is a function of the kinematics of that joint alone. This study investigates the effect on model accuracy of single-joint or two-joint torque generator representations within whole-body simulations of squat jumping and countermovement jumping. Two eight-segment forward dynamics subject-specific rigid body models with torque generators at five joints are constructed—the first model

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5

Shaw, Tiffany A., and William R. Boos. "The Tropospheric Response to Tropical and Subtropical Zonally Asymmetric Torques: Analytical and Idealized Numerical Model Results." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 1 (2012): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0139.1.

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Abstract The tropospheric response to prescribed tropical and subtropical zonally asymmetric torques, which can be considered as idealizations of vertical momentum transfers by orographic gravity waves or convection, is investigated. The linear analytical Gill model response to westward upper-tropospheric torques is compared to the response to a midtropospheric heating, which is a familiar point of reference. The response to an equatorial torque projects onto a Kelvin wave response to the east that is of opposite sign to the response to the east of the heating at upper levels. In contrast, the

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6

Robinette, D. L., J. M. Schweitzer, D. G. Maddock, C. L. Anderson, J. R. Blough, and M. A. Johnson. "Predicting the Onset of Cavitation in Automotive Torque Converters—Part II: A Generalized Model." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/312753.

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The objective of this investigation was to develop a dimensionless model for predicting the onset of cavitation in torque converters applicable to general converter designs. Dimensional analysis was applied to test results from a matrix of torque converters that ranged from populations comprised of strict geometric similitude to those with more relaxed similarities onto inclusion of all the torque converters tested. Stator torque thresholds at the onset of cavitation for the stall operating condition were experimentally determined with a dynamometer test cell using nearfield acoustical measure

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7

Young, Fletcher R., Hillel J. Chiel, Matthew C. Tresch, Charles J. Heckman, Alexander J. Hunt, and Roger D. Quinn. "Analyzing Modeled Torque Profiles to Understand Scale-Dependent Active Muscle Responses in the Hip Joint." Biomimetics 7, no. 1 (2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7010017.

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Animal locomotion is influenced by a combination of constituent joint torques (e.g., due to limb inertia and passive viscoelasticity), which determine the necessary muscular response to move the limb. Across animal size-scales, the relative contributions of these constituent joint torques affect the muscular response in different ways. We used a multi-muscle biomechanical model to analyze how passive torque components change due to an animal’s size-scale during locomotion. By changing the size-scale of the model, we characterized emergent muscular responses at the hip as a result of the changi

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8

Hu, Shengqiao, Houcai Liu, Huimin Kang, Puren Ouyang, Zhicheng Liu, and Zhengjie Cui. "High Precision Hybrid Torque Control for 4-DOF Redundant Parallel Robots under Variable Load." Actuators 12, no. 6 (2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12060232.

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As regards the impact and chattering of 4-DOF redundant parallel robots that occur under high-speed variable load operating conditions, this study proposed a novel control algorithm based on torque feedforward and fuzzy computational torque feedback hybrid control, which considered both the joint friction torque and the disturbance torque caused by the variable load. First of all, a modified dynamic model under variable load was established as follows: converting terminal load change to terminal centroid coordinate change, then mapping to the calculation of terminal energy, and lastly, establi

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9

Zhou, R. S., and M. R. Hoeprich. "Torque of Tapered Roller Bearings." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 3 (1991): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920664.

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An analytic tapered roller bearing torque model is presented along with laboratory test data. Initial results of this proposed model are favorable. An accurate general purpose torque prediction tool could be obtained by extending the concepts presented in conjunction with a more comprehensive analysis of actual bearing operating conditions. By using EHL (Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication) theory and micro-macro contact analysis, the bearing torque can be determined by predicting each torque component for each roller due to raceway rolling, raceway moments due to EHL pressure distribution, and fri

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10

Khorsandi, Farzaneh, and Paul D. Ayers. "The Effect of Friction on Actuation Torques of Foldable Rollover Protective Structures." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 24, no. 4 (2018): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.12844.

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Abstract. The number of fatal tractor rollover accidents with an inoperative foldable rollover protective structure (FROPS) has increased sharply in recent years. Operators frequently leave the FROPS in the folded-down position after lowering the FROPS to pass a low overhead obstacle. One possible explanation for leaving the FROPS in the folded position is that raising and lowering the FROPS is a time-consuming and strenuous process. The actuation torques required to raise and lower a FROPS are not well known and may be influenced by friction. The actuation torques of ten FROPS from four diffe

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11

Chen, Gang, and Pablo Zurita-Gotor. "The Tropospheric Jet Response to Prescribed Zonal Forcing in an Idealized Atmospheric Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 7 (2008): 2254–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2589.1.

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Abstract This paper explores the tropospheric jet shift to a prescribed zonal torque in an idealized dry atmospheric model with high stratospheric resolution. The jet moves in opposite directions for torques on the jet’s equatorward and poleward flanks in the troposphere. This can be explained by considering how the critical latitudes for wave activity absorption change, where the eastward propagation speed of eddies equals the background zonal mean zonal wind. While the increased zonal winds in the subtropics allow the midlatitude eddies to propagate farther into the tropics and result in the

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12

Gençali, A. A., N. Niang, O. Toyran, et al. "The torque reversals of 4U 1626–67." Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (January 25, 2022): A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141772.

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We investigated the detailed torque-reversal behavior of 4U 1626–67 in the framework of the recently developed comprehensive model of the inner disk radius and torque calculations for neutron stars accreting from geometrically thin disks. The model can reproduce the relation between the torque and X-ray luminosity across the torque reversals of 4U 1626–67. Our results imply that: (1) rotational equilibrium is reached when the inner disk radius equals the co-rotation radius, rco, while the conventional Alfvén radius is greater than but close to rco; (2) both spin-up and spin-down torques are op

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13

Najimaldin, M. Abbas1, N. Saleh2 Dawood, and M. Shakor1 Ali. "Three phase induction motor torque tracking algorithm based on the rotor time constant identification." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 3 (2022): 1320–27. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1320-1327.

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The indirect vector control system can realize the on-line identification of the rotor time constant based on electromagnetic torque. However, still effective range of the torque model is suitable only for heavy load conditions. In this paper, an improved torque tracking model is constructed by modifying the conventional torque model with rotor time constant identification. Through the establishment of the small signal model of the identification system, the stability of the torque model is deeply analyzed, and it is concluded that the torque model has two balance points, namely the expected b

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14

Park, Min-Jong, Hyeon-Ho Jeon, Jong-Dae Park, et al. "Development of a MBD simulation model for axle torque prediction of an electric agricultural vehicle." Journal of Agricultural Machinery Engineering 4, no. 1 (2024): 51–61. https://doi.org/10.12972/jame.20240006.

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The purpose of this study is to develop an electric all-wheel-drive vehicle simulation model for axle torque prediction. Simulation model was developed using RecurDyn, a multibody dynamics software, and tire-soil interaction parameters were inputted to reflect soil conditions. Driving simulation was performed at a speed of 7.5 km/h, which is the rated speed of driving motor. Traction was inputted between the soil and simulation model, and traction forces were considered as 25, 50, 75, and 100 N. Simulation was conducted for 20 seconds, and for the first 10 seconds, the simulation model was sta

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15

Zhang, Sheng Guo, Xiao Ping Dang, and Kai Wang. "Modeling of Electromagnetic Force/Torque for Magnetically Levitated Planar Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.311.

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This paper models the electromagnetic force/torque of a long-stroke magnetically levitated planar motor. Based on the Lorenz force volume integral law and the force/torque superposition principle of rigid body, the electromagnetic force/torque is modeled. Experimenting results indicate the model is consistent with the measured results in sine distribution and sine period, and the errors between the model values and the measured values originate mainly from the measurement system. So this model represents analytically the electromagnetic forces and torques of the planar motor and it can be used

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16

Feng, Jianbo, Sizhong Chen, Zhiquan Qi, Jiaming Zhong, and Zheng Liu. "Electromagnetic Hysteresis Based Dynamics Model of an Electromagnetically Controlled Torque Coupling." Processes 7, no. 9 (2019): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090557.

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This paper proposes a novel computationally efficient, easy-to-implement electromagnetic hysteresis based dynamics model of a kind of intelligent electromagnetic torque controlled coupling (EMTC), which, with drag torque under consideration, first models the electromagnetic hysteresis existing in the primary clutch with the classical Preisach model, and then models the transferred torques in the three friction elements of the center coupling in the slipping and locked modes, respectively. The performance of the model is verified by simulation and experiment jointly, which lays the basis for th

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17

Tzouganakis, Panteleimon, Vasilios Gakos, Christos Kalligeros, Christos Papalexis, Antonios Tsolakis, and Vasilios Spitas. "Torque Calculation and Dynamical Response in Halbach Array Coaxial Magnetic Gears through a Novel Analytical 2D Model." Computation 12, no. 5 (2024): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation12050088.

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Coaxial magnetic gears have piqued the interest of researchers due to their numerous benefits over mechanical gears. These include reduced noise and vibration, enhanced efficiency, lower maintenance costs, and improved backdrivability. However, their adoption in industry has been limited by drawbacks like lower torque density and slippage at high torque levels. This work presents an analytical 2D model to compute the magnetic potential in Halbach array coaxial magnetic gears for every rotational angle, geometry configuration, and magnet specifications. This model calculates the induced torques

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18

Park, Jinrak, Seibum Choi, and Jiwon Oh. "Adaptive Engine Torque Compensation with Driveline Model." MATEC Web of Conferences 166 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816604004.

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Engine net torque is the total torque generated by the engine side, and includes the fuel combustion torque, the friction torque, and additionally the starter motor torque in case of hybrid vehicles. The engine net torque is utilized to control powertrain items such as the engine itself, the transmission clutch, also the engine clutch, and it must be accurate for the precise powertrain control. However, this net torque can vary with the engine operating conditions like the engine wear, the changes of the atmospheric pressure and the friction torque. Thus, this paper proposes the adaptive engin

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19

Gholami, Amir, and Majid Majidi. "Development of a neuromuscular driver model with an estimation of steering torque feedback in vehicle steer-by-wire systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, no. 3 (2019): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419319829980.

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In this paper, a neuromuscular driver model for sensing torque feedback or haptic interaction between the vehicle equipped with steer-by-wire (SBW) system and the driver has been developed. The proposed driver model consists of a preview model and a neuromuscular model. The preview driver model calculates the desired angle of the steering-wheel to follow the path, and the neuromuscular driver model, with the ability of perceiving real-time torque feedback, determines the real angle of the steering-wheel angle according to muscular system transfer functions to follow the desired steering-wheel

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20

Wilkie, Jack, Paul D. Docherty, and Knut Möller. "Model-based bone material property identification." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 11 (2020): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2020-0083.

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AbstractCorrect torqueing of bone screws is important for orthopaedic surgery. Surgeons mainly tighten screws ad hoc, risking inappropriate torqueing. An adaptive torque-limiting screwdriver may be able to measure the torque-rotation response and use parameter identification of key material properties to recommend optimal torques. This paper analyses the identifiability and sensitivity of a model of the bone screwing process. The accuracy with which values of the Young modulus (E) of the bone were identified depended on the value of E, with larger values being less accurately identified. The e

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21

Beeby, Morgan, Deborah A. Ribardo, Caitlin A. Brennan, Edward G. Ruby, Grant J. Jensen, and David R. Hendrixson. "Diverse high-torque bacterial flagellar motors assemble wider stator rings using a conserved protein scaffold." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 13 (2016): E1917—E1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518952113.

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Although it is known that diverse bacterial flagellar motors produce different torques, the mechanism underlying torque variation is unknown. To understand this difference better, we combined genetic analyses with electron cryo-tomography subtomogram averaging to determine in situ structures of flagellar motors that produce different torques, fromCampylobacterandVibriospecies. For the first time, to our knowledge, our results unambiguously locate the torque-generating stator complexes and show that diverse high-torque motors use variants of an ancestrally related family of structures to scaffo

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22

Peng, Jifeng. "Effects of Aerodynamic Interactions of Closely-Placed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Pairs." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102842.

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In this study, a numerical model was developed to study the effects of aerodynamic interactions between a pair of counter-rotating vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in close proximity. In this model, the rotor rotation is not prescribed as a constant as in most other studies, but is determined by the moment of inertia and the total torque of the rotor, including the aerodynamic torque, generator torque, and a torque representing friction. This model enables study of the behavior of the rotor under an arbitrary ambient wind profile. The model was applied to an isolated rotor with five straigh

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23

Oh, Jong-Seok, Seung-Bok Choi, and Yang-Sub Lee. "Torque Measurement of 3-DOF Haptic Master Operated by Controllable Electrorheological Fluid." Measurement Science Review 15, no. 1 (2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2015-0003.

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Abstract This work presents a torque measurement method of 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) haptic master featuring controllable electrorheological (ER) fluid. In order to reflect the sense of an organ for a surgeon, the ER haptic master which can generate the repulsive torque of an organ is utilized as a remote controller for a surgery robot. Since accurate representation of organ feeling is essential for the success of the robot-assisted surgery, it is indispensable to develop a proper torque measurement method of 3-DOF ER haptic master. After describing the structural configuration of the haptic

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Poguluri, Sunny Kumar, Dongeun Kim, and Yoon Hyeok Bae. "A Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Pitch-Type Wave Energy Converter Using Weakly and Fully Nonlinear Models." Energies 17, no. 4 (2024): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040898.

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In this study, the performance of a wave energy converter (WEC) rotor under regular and irregular wave conditions was investigated using 3D nonlinear numerical models. Factors such as the power take-off (PTO) load torque, wave periods, spacing of multiple WEC rotors, and wave steepness were analyzed. Two models were employed: a weakly nonlinear model formulated by incorporating the nonlinear restoring moment and Coulomb-type PTO load torque based on the potential flow theory, and a fully nonlinear model based on computational fluid dynamics. The results show that the average power estimated by

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25

Sun, Liang, Guang Hua Zong, Wei Wang, and Wen Wen. "Design and Simulation of a Steering Engines’ Stiffness Testing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.360.

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Through the way of imposing sinusoidal torques of certain frequencies and amplitudes on the steering engines in servo state, and at the same time, measuring the changes of steering engines’ shaft angle, the system measures the steering engines’ stiffness. In the design of its structure, a frameless direct drive torque motor is used to provide loading torque, while with the aim of improving the torque loading performance and simplifying the control model, a spring beam is used to transfer torque. A control mode of three close-loop including torque, position and current is applied and a kind of

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26

Allum, J. H. J., and F. Honegger. "A Postural Model of Balance-Correcting Movement Strategies." Journal of Vestibular Research 2, no. 4 (1992): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1992-2406.

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The patterns of joint torques and movement strategies underlying human balance corrections were examined using a postural model. Two types of support-surface perturbation, dorsiflexion rotation (ROT) and rearward translation (TRANS), were employed. These two perturbations were adjusted to produce similar profiles of ankle dorsiflexion in order to obtain information on the role of lower leg proprioceptive inputs on triggering balance corrections. In addition, the dependence of balance control on head angular and linear accelerations was investigated by comparing the responses of normal and vest

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27

Hajnrych, Stanisław J., Rafał Jakubowski, and Jan Szczypior. "Yokeless Axial Flux Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnets Machine Rotor Parameters Influence on Torque and Back-Emf." Energies 13, no. 13 (2020): 3418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133418.

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The paper presents the results of a 3D FEA simulations series of a dual air gap Axial Flux (AF) electric machine with Surface-Mounted Permanent magnets (SPM) with parameterized rotor geometry. Pole number and pole span influence on back-emf, as well as cogging and ideal electromagnetic torques angular characteristics were investigated for each model with the common segmented yokeless stator with concentric windings. Synchronous and BLDC drives supply were used to estimate back-emf distortion. Ideal torque ripple and cogging torque spectra were analyzed. It was concluded that the number of pole

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28

Liu, Fuhao. "Dynamic analysis of drag torque for spur gear pairs considering the double-sided films." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 12 (2016): 2253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216631370.

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Taking into account different drag torque, this paper investigates the influence of the lubricant films located in the backlash between meshing gear teeth pair on the gear dynamical behaviors. Numerical simulations show that the influence of the lubricant film on the coast side is significant under low loading, but under increased drag torques the influence is diminished. The shape of the hysteresis loop of double-sided films suggests that this model can make more sense. The sensitive of the drag torque is studied to illustrate the inverse relationship between drag torque and gear rattle: incr

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29

Soechting, J. F., and M. Flanders. "Evaluating an Integrated Musculoskeletal Model of the Human Arm." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 119, no. 1 (1997): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2796071.

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A simplified model of the mechanical properties of muscle and of the musculoskeletal geometry was used to predict torques at the shoulder and elbow during arm movements in the sagittal plane. Subjects made movements to 20 targets spaced on the diameter of a circle centered on the initial location of the hand. Movement kinematics and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of nine shoulder and elbow muscles were recorded. Muscle force was predicted using rectified EMG activity as an input to a Hill-type model of muscle dynamics. The model also made simplifying assumptions about muscle geometry. Mu

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Lieber, R. L., and S. D. Shoemaker. "Muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the torque profile of frog hip joint." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 3 (1992): R586—R590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.3.r586.

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The relative contributions of muscle force, moment arm, and tendon compliance were determined as a function of joint angle in the frog semitendinosus-hip joint system. Muscle, joint, and tendon properties were individually measured and then combined to predict the torque generated at the hip joint as a function of joint angle (i.e., the hip torque profile). Predicted torques were then compared to experimentally measured torques using a stepwise regression model to quantify the relative importance of muscle, joint, and tendon contributions to the hip torque profile. Variation in moment arm acco

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Garcia, Roberta Veloso, Maria Cecília F. P. S. Zanardi, and Hélio Koiti Kuga. "Spin-Stabilized Spacecrafts: Analytical Attitude Propagation Using Magnetic Torques." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/242396.

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An analytical approach for spin-stabilized satellites attitude propagation is presented, considering the influence of the residual magnetic torque and eddy currents torque. It is assumed two approaches to examine the influence of external torques acting during the motion of the satellite, with the Earth's magnetic field described by the quadripole model. In the first approach is included only the residual magnetic torque in the motion equations, with the satellites in circular or elliptical orbit. In the second approach only the eddy currents torque is analyzed, with the satellite in circular

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Wilkie, Jack, Paul D. Docherty, and Knut Möller. "Developments in Modelling Bone Screwing." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (2020): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3029.

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AbstractINTRODUCTION: A torque-rotation model of the bone-screwing process has been proposed. Identification of model parameters using recorded data could potentially be used to determine the material properties of bone. These properties can then be used to recommend tightening torques to avoid over or under-tightening of bone screws. This paper improves an existing model to formulate it in terms of material properties and remove some assumptions. METHOD: The modelling methodology considers a critical torque, which is required to overcome friction and advance the screw into the bone. Below thi

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33

Okubo, Hiroki, and Mont Hubbard. "Analysis of Arm Joint Torques at Ball-Release for Set and Jump Shots in Basketball." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049004.

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A kinetic model of the shooting arms has estimated arm joint torques for one-hand set- and jump-shots in basketball. The dynamic model has three rigid planar links with rotational joints imitating an upper arm, forearm and hand with shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. In general shots controlled by hand, forearm and upper arm motions, there are many torque combinations of shoulder, elbow and wrist joints to produce shooters’ desired ball-release speed, angle and backspin angular velocity. The minimum of the sum of squares of the torque combinations exists at ball-release, when the release angula

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Mijailovich, Srboljub M., Milos Kojic, Miroslav Zivkovic, Ben Fabry, and Jeffrey J. Fredberg. "A finite element model of cell deformation during magnetic bead twisting." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 4 (2002): 1429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00255.2002.

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Magnetic twisting cytometry probes mechanical properties of an adherent cell by applying a torque to a magnetic bead that is tightly bound to the cell surface. Here we have used a three-dimensional finite element model of cell deformation to compute the relationships between the applied torque and resulting bead rotation and lateral bead translation. From the analysis, we computed two coefficients that allow the cell elastic modulus to be estimated from measurements of either bead rotation or lateral bead translation, respectively, if the degree of bead embedding and the cell height are known.

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35

Chu, Ngoc-Hung, Dang-Binh Nguyen, Nhu-Khoa Ngo, et al. "A New Approach to Modelling the Drilling Torque in Conventional and Ultrasonic Assisted Deep-Hole Drilling Processes." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122600.

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This paper presents a new approach to developing the torque model in deep hole drilling, both for conventional and ultrasonic assisted drilling processes. The model was proposed as a sum of three components: the cutting, the chip evacuation and the stick-slip torques. Parameters of the new model were carried out by applying the regression analysis technique, with the correlation values higher than 0.999. The data were collected from 36 experimental dry drilling tests, both in conventional and ultrasonic assisted cutting conditions, with the depth-to-diameter of the drilled holes of 7.5. The ma

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Qi, Guoyuan, and Xiaogang Yang. "Modeling of a Chaotic Gyrostat System and Mechanism Analysis of Dynamics Using Force and Energy." Complexity 2019 (July 2, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5439596.

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Incorporating both viscous friction torque and external torque, a mathematical model of a gyrostat system consisting of three rotors and a fixed outer frame is configured. This model is transformed into a Kolmogorov-type system for force analysis. The force field in the gyrostat system includes four different torques—inertial, internal, dissipative, and external. Correspondingly, four different energies are identified and the interconversion of energies is analyzed. The Casimir power being equivalent to the error power between the supplied power and the dissipative power is found and used to a

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Okazaki, Yoshimitsu, Emiko Hayakawa, Kazumasa Tanahashi, and Jun Mori. "Mechanical Performance of Metallic Bone Screws Evaluated Using Bone Models." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214836.

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To evaluate mechanical performance properties of various types of cortical bone screw, cancellous bone screw, and locking bolt, we conducted torsional breaking and durability tests, screw driving torque tests into bone models, and screw pullout tests (crosshead speed: 10 mm/min) after driving torque tests. The 2° proof and rupture torques of a screw, which were estimated from torque versus rotational angle curves, increased with increasing core diameter of the screw. The durability limit of metallic screws obtained by four-point bending durability tests increased with increasing core diameter.

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Orhan, Zeynep Dilan, and Levent Ciğerim. "Evaluation of Effect of Different Insertion Speeds and Torques on Implant Placement Condition and Removal Torque in Polyurethane Dense D1 Bone Model." Polymers 16, no. 10 (2024): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101361.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different insertion speeds at eight different insertion torque values ranging from 25 to 60 during implantation in a dense polyurethane (PU) D1 bone model on the placement condition and removal torque of dental implants. In this study, 50 pcf single-layer PU plates were used. In the study, a total of 320 implant sockets were divided into two groups, Group 1 (30 rpm) and Group 2 (50 rpm), in terms of insertion speed. Group 1 and Group 2 were divided into eight subgroups with 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 torques. There were 20 implant

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Lee, Jin-Hwan, and Sang-Yong Jung. "Noise Reduction Design with Trapezoidal Back-EMF and Asymmetric Air-Gap for Single-Phase BLDC Refrigerator Cooling Fan Motor." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175467.

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In this study, a novel method for reducing the noise generated by single-phase claw-pole motors employed as refrigerator fan blowers is proposed. A single-phase claw-pole motor has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, easy manufacturing, and a high number of turns. However, in such motors, current delays occur owing to a high inductance; therefore, it is necessary to merge the back-electromotive force and current phases into the same phase using the phase advance method. Additionally, a single-phase motor exhibits dead torque and zero torque at an electrical angle of 180° owing to its ele

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Su, Xuzhong, and Xinjin Liu. "Theoretical research of spinning triangle division on spun yarn torque." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 6 (2019): 839–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2019-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to theoretically study the effects of ring spinning triangle division on spun yarn torques. Design/methodology/approach The case that the spinning triangle is divided into two parts, primary triangles and final triangle, is investigated. Theoretical model of yarn torque was given by linking the fiber tension in the spinning triangle to yarn torque under the assumption that the arrangement of fibers (substrands) in the substrands (yarn) is hexagonal close packing. Then, as an application of the proposed method, 14.6tex cotton yarns were taken as an example f

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Kim, Wan-Soo, Yeon-Soo Kim, and Yong-Joo Kim. "Development of Prediction Model for Axle Torque of Agricultural Tractors." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 1773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14012.

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HighlightsA prediction model was developed for estimating the axle torque of an agricultural tractor.The model was developed by complementing and modifying a previously proposed traction equation.Compared to the actual axle torque, the proposed model attained MAPE of 2.1%, RMSE of 29 Nm, and RD of 2.7%.The model predicted axle torque more accurately than the traction force-based prediction model.Abstract. The tractor driving axle torque is an important factor in optimal transmission design and service life evaluation. Axle torque measurement sensor systems are very expensive, and traction forc

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Hasan, SK, and Anoop K. Dhingra. "Development of a model reference computed torque controller for a human lower extremity exoskeleton robot." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 235, no. 9 (2021): 1615–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596518211009032.

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Exoskeleton robot–based neurorehabilitation has received a lot of attention recently due to positive evidence supporting its ability to provide different forms of physical therapy and in helping evaluate the patient recovery rate accurately. The performance of exoskeleton robot–based physical therapy depends on the accuracy of the motion control system. While the computed torque control scheme based on inverse dynamics is ideal from a theoretical perspective, the stability and tracking performance strongly depends on the model accuracy. Expecting a deterministic payload for a rehabilitation ro

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Guillaume, Durandau, Rampeltshammer Wolfgang, van der Kooij Herman, and Sartori Massimo. "Neuromechanical Model-Based Adaptive Control of Bilateral Ankle Exoskeletons: Biological Joint Torque and Electromyogram Reduction Across Walking Conditions." IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS 38, no. 3 (2021): 1380–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6817952.

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To enable the broad adoption of wearable robotic exoskeletons in medical and industrial settings, it is crucial they can adaptively support large repertoires of movements. We propose a new human-machine interface to simultaneously drive bilateral ankle exoskeletons during a range of “unseen” walking conditions and transitions that were not used for establishing the control interface. The proposed approach used person-specific neuromechanical models to estimate biological ankle joint torques in real-time from measured electromyograms (EMGS) and joint angles. We call this “neur

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Zheng, Nanxian, Jia Wang, Miaojie Wu, Huishan Liu, and Yourui Tao. "Analysis of Flexible Bearing Load Under Various Torque Conditions." Machines 13, no. 7 (2025): 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13070627.

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This paper aims to develop a model for calculating the ball load of the thin-walled flexible bearing (FB) in a harmonic drive under various external torque conditions. The effect of the flexspline (FS) on the FB ball load is considered, and the equivalent ring is improved to calculate the ball load of the FB. Then, the accuracy of the proposed model in calculating the ball load is verified using a finite element analysis model. Finally, a fitting formula is obtained to rapidly evaluate the FB ball load via the geometrical parameters of the FB and the FS under various external torques. The resu

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Liu, Jiaqi, Xiaopeng Li, Meng Yin, Lai Wei, and Haozhe Wang. "Modeling and Rotation Control Strategy for Space Planar Flexible Robotic Arm Based on Fuzzy Adjustment and Disturbance Observer." Mathematics 12, no. 16 (2024): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12162513.

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In precise space operation tasks, the impact of disturbing torques on the space flexible robotic arm (SFRA) cannot be ignored. Besides, the slender structure of the SFRA is very likely to generate vibration of the robotic arm. These are all potential hidden dangers in space safety. To quantify the potential risk, an accurate dynamics model of the SFRA considering the disturbing torque is built by Lagrange principle and the assumed modal method (AMM). Moreover, the effects of the disturbing torque, modal order and nonlinear terms on the deformation accuracy of the SFRA are compared. It is obser

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Certosini, Cesare, Francesco Vinattieri, Renzo Capitani, and Claudio Annicchiarico. "Development of a real-time steering system model for driving simulators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (2018): 2701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018804389.

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Driving simulators have boosted the vehicle design with the introduction of human beings in the simulation loop. For a realistic functioning, the steering system must provide an accurate behaviour, since the hand wheel is a crucial human interface. Despite a large diffusion of steering models, this paper deals with the creation of a specific solution for real-time applications, characterized by precise features as numerical stability and low computational cost. The proposed model is based on a physical structure and considers all the key phenomena, such as the system elasticities, the power st

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Conceição, Filipe, Mark A. King, Maurice R. Yeadon, Martin G. C. Lewis, and Stephanie E. Forrester. "An Isovelocity Dynamometer Method to Determine Monoarticular and Biarticular Muscle Parameters." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 6 (2012): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.6.751.

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This study aimed to determine whether subject-specific individual muscle models for the ankle plantar flexors could be obtained from single joint isometric and isovelocity maximum torque measurements in combination with a model of plantar flexion. Maximum plantar flexion torque measurements were taken on one subject at six knee angles spanning full flexion to full extension. A planar three-segment (foot, shank and thigh), two-muscle (soleus and gastrocnemius) model of plantar flexion was developed. Seven parameters per muscle were determined by minimizing a weighted root mean square difference

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Wingertszahn, Patrick, Oliver Koch, Lorenzo Maccioni, Franco Concli, and Bernd Sauer. "Predicting Friction of Tapered Roller Bearings with Detailed Multi-Body Simulation Models." Lubricants 11, no. 9 (2023): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090369.

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In the presented work, a parametric multibody simulation model is presented that is capable of predicting the friction torque and kinematics of tapered roller bearings. For a highly accurate prediction of bearing friction, consideration of solid and lubricant friction is mandatory. For tapered roller bearings in particular, the friction in the contact between the rolling element and raceway is of importance. Friction forces in the contact between the rolling element end face and inner ring rib as well as roller cage pocket contacts are also considered in the model. A large number of tests were

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Buchanan, T. S., D. P. Almdale, J. L. Lewis, and W. Z. Rymer. "Characteristics of synergic relations during isometric contractions of human elbow muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 56, no. 5 (1986): 1225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.56.5.1225.

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We studied the patterns of EMG activity in elbow muscles in three normal human subjects. The myoelectrical activity of 7-10 muscles that act across the human elbow joint was simultaneously recorded with intramuscular electrodes during isometric joint torques exerted over a range of directions. These directions included flexion, extension, varus (internal humeral rotation), valgus (external humeral rotation), and several intermediate directions. The forces developed at the wrist covered a range of 360 degrees, all orthogonal to the long axis of the forearm. The levels of EMG activity were obser

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Cao, Dong, Bin Tang, Haobin Jiang, Chenhui Yin, Di Zhang, and Yingqiu Huang. "Study on Low-Speed Steering Resistance Torque of Vehicles Considering Friction between Tire and Pavement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (2019): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9051015.

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Electric power steering (EPS) systems under existing vehicle power systems cannot provide enough power for heavy-duty commercial vehicles under pivot or low-speed steering conditions. To solve this problem, the paper proposes an EPS system that is based on the hybrid power system constituted by the vehicle power system and the supercapacitor in parallel. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention and withdrawal mechanisms of a super-capacitor in the new EPS, the law of steering resistance torque at a low or extremely low vehicle speed should be explored. Firstly, the finite e

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