Journal articles: 'Torque tube'

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Kondratenko, Leonid A., and Lubov I. Mironova. "Investigation of dynamics of roll forming processes." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401134.

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This article contains the analysis of tube expander dynamics in complex interaction of structural elements of heat-exchange tubes attachment assembly in the process of roll-forming operation, description of dynamic process theoretical aspect. It is shown that torque variations lead to velocity fluctuations and influence the service life of operative parts of tube expander and quality of tube attachment assemblies.

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Yokell, S. "Expanded, and Welded-and-Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929023.

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This paper discusses some practical aspects of expanded and welded-and-expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints. It reviews elastic-plastic tube expanding theory, which it uses as the basis for setting pressures for uniform-pressure expanding and for estimating residual interfacial stress at the tube-hole interface. It addresses uniform-pressure-expanded tube joint strength and the problem of correlating of roller-expanded joint strength with wall reduction and rolling torque. It advocates two-stage expanding: 1) applying just sufficient pressure or torque to create firm tube-hole contact over substantially the tubesheet thickness; and 2) re-expanding at full pressure or torque. It points out the advantages of segregating heats of tubing and mapping the tube-heat locations. It recommends non-TEMA Standard (and non-HEI Power Plant Standard) grooves for grooved-hole joints made by roller-expanding, when the tubes are thin-walled, high-strength, low-elastic-modulus, and for joints made by uniform-pressure expanding [1, 2]. It states what to examine when considering grooves for small-diameter tubes. It reviews tube-to-tubesheet welding requirements and discusses welding before and after expanding. It suggests TEMA revise its standards to define strength and seal welds and urges the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Committee (the Code Committee) to incorporate the TEMA definition in Section VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (the Code) [3]. It makes recommendations for pressure and leak-testing. The work shows why welded-and-expanded joints should be full-strength expanded and why expansion length should equal the tubesheet thickness minus 1/8 in. (approximately 3 mm) rather than the lengths the TEMA and HEI Standards permit.

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Chen, Tsung-Chia, Jyun-Jie Lian, and Cheng-Chi Wang. "Analysis of Micro-Machining Process for External Thread of Micro Round Tube." Materials 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 4327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154327.

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This study aims to analyze the stainless steel micro round tube external threading process for the influence of different outer threading pitches (0.25 mm, 0.4 mm) and outer diameters (Ø1.9, Ø1.94, Ø2). This study also analyzes the effects of different friction factors (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) and different tube thicknesses (0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and 0.6 mm) on the threading process. This study considers size effect to use corrected material parameters for the microtube to conduct the finite element analysis by DEFORM-3D software. The goal is to understand stainless steel (SUS304) micro round tube threading and the difference by using macro material parameter analysis. The historic forming data from the simulation and experiment of threading processing are presented, and the corresponding stress/strain distribution and thread shape are also calculated. The experiment results are compared to the simulation results to verify the reliability of this analysis method. The result shows that the torque/stress/strain obtained by the modified model is always lower than by Swift’s model. It means that the size effect can be considered to apply on the forming process and provided proper torque to form the external thread of the micro round tube, e.g., the maximum torque of the round die for M2 × 0.25 occurs over the fourth stroke. For the influence of the outer diameter of the micro round tube, the larger diameter induces the larger maximum torque on the round die for M2 × 0.4, but for the smaller pitch of M2 × 0.25, the larger maximum torque is not influenced by the diameter of the tube. When the pitch of the round die is increased, the torque, stress and strain are also increased relatively. As the friction factor and torque between the round die and tube increase, the stress and strain become lower. Changing the tube thickness will not significantly change the torque, the stress, and the strain. These results guide the simulation and experiment of optimized micro round tube threading development and design to reduce cost and increase product quality.

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de Béjar, Luis A., and Richard L. Stockstill. "Hydrodynamic Forces on Spillway Torque-Tube Gates." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 136, no. 10 (October 2010): 681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000216.

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Wijayanto, Danar Susilo, Nugroho Agung Pambudi, Yusuf Wijaya, Ngatou Rohman, and Husin Bugis. "Biodiesel fuel blend performance evaluation using a radial finned tube heater." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2017-0342.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of biodiesel fuel blending and heating on engine torque and power. Design/methodology/approach To obtain torque and power data, a 1200 AWD dynamometer was used. The 1200 AWD dynamometer is a device used to obtain readings, and is made up of a chassis, inertia roller, roller sensor and converter modules, and can also be connected to a personal computer. Findings The result revealed that biodiesel blending and heating significantly affected torque and power. When only biodiesel blend ratio was varied, the highest torque and power were obtained at 30 per cent fuel blending. Also, the highest torque and power were obtained at 20 mm when only a spaced finned tube heater was used. When both variables were combined, the highest torque was obtained at a 20 per cent biodiesel blend and a 10 mm radial radiator finned spacing. Maximum power for two variables was obtained at the 20 per cent blend ratio and 20 mm finned tube heater spacing. Originality/value A novel radial finned tube heater is used.

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Akmal, Jamiatul, Ign Wiratmaja Puja, Satryo S. Brodjonegoro, Rochim Suratman, and I. Wayan Suweca. "Newly Designed Adhesive Joint for Torque Loaded Tube." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.7.

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Adhesive joint is commonly applied to CFRP/GFRP composite tube, however, its failure rate is still high and this will limit the use of composite tube for industrial purpose. The literature study showed that the stress distribution at the joint, when loaded, is not evenly distributed and creates stress concentration at the edges. Attempts have been made by researchers to improve the joint design so that the stress would be more evenly distributed and minimize stress concentration, however, the improvement has been very limited. In this work, a comprehensive parameter study has been performed to observe the properties of adhesive joint of torque loaded tube. Based on the observation, a new type of adhesive joint is proposed which successfully reduces the stress concentration along the joint during torque loading. The analysis was performed using finite element method.

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Shafiei, A., and H. Kazempour-Liasi. "Failure analysis of gas turbine torque tube bolts." Engineering Failure Analysis 124 (June 2021): 105369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105369.

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Qiao, Jian, Shu Qing Kou, Dong Ye He, and She Hua Yang. "Torque Strength and Influencing Factors Analysis for Assembled Camshaft by Knurling Joining." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.216.

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A key functional aspect of assembled camshafts is the joining strength between the shaft tube and the cam lobe, which is depended on the assembly or joining method. The assembly process by knurling joining and torque deformation of assembled camshaft were numerically studied and the key influencing factors on the press fit load and joining strength were analyzed. The experiments including to the press fit and torque strength of lobe/tube joining were carried out.The results show that the torque strength of the cam lobe/shaft joining can availably increase by matching cam and tube materials, choosing appropriate knurling form, enlarging magnitude of interference and extending knurling width. The numerical results agree well with the experiments and are significant in the design and manufacture of assembled camshaft.

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9

Yokell, Stanley. "Appropriate Correlations for Assessing Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Strength." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767176.

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This paper advocates correlating rolling torque or hydraulic expanding pressure with shear load strength instead of percent wall reduction as the criterion of expanding adequacy for thin-walled tubes. It compares magnitudes of measurements required to estimate wall reduction with cumulative hole-drilling and tube-manufacturing tolerances and graphically illustrates data scatter increase with ratio of tube diameter to wall thickness. As background it discusses expanding theory. It covers hydraulic, roller and hybrid expanding. It describes appropriate annular groove widths for hydraulic and hybrid expanding and concludes with comments on tube rolling procedure specifications and recommendations for two-stage and hybrid expanding.

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Chung, Michael, Robert J. Nikolai, Ki Beom Kim, and Donald R. Oliver. "Third-Order Torque and Self-Ligating Orthodontic Bracket–Type Effects on Sliding Friction." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022608-114.1.

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Abstract Objective: To examine the influence of third-order torque on kinetic friction in sliding mechanics involving active and passive self-ligating brackets. Materials and Methods: Wire-slot frictional forces were quantified and compared across five sets of brackets and tubes within a simulated posterior dental segment with −15°, −10°, −5°, 0°, +5°, +10°, and +15° of torque placed in the second-premolar bracket; a working archwire was pulled through the slots. Results: Increasing the torque from 0° to ±15° produced significant increases in frictional resistance with all five sets of brackets and tubes. At 0° and ±5° of torque, generally less friction was created within the passive than within the active self-ligating bracket sets, and the conventional bracket sets with elastomeric ligation generated the most friction. At ±10° of torque, apparently with wire-slot clearance eliminated, all bracket-and-tube sets displayed similar resistances, with one exception at +10°. At ±15° of torque, one passive set and one active set produced significantly larger frictional resistances than the other three sets. Conclusions: Third-order torque in posterior dental segments can generate frictional resistance during anterior retraction with the archwire sliding through self-ligating bracket slots. With small torque angles, friction is less with passive than with active self-ligating brackets, but bracket design is a factor. Frictional forces are substantial, regardless of ligation if the wire-slot torque exceeds the third-order clearance.

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11

Wu, Puwei, Jiao Shi, Jinbao Wang, Jianhu Shen, and Kun Cai. "Critical Output Torque of a GHz CNT-Based Rotation Transmission System Via Axial Interface Friction at Low Temperature." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163851.

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It was discovered that a sudden jump of the output torque moment from a rotation transmission nanosystem made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) occurred when decreasing the system temperature. In the nanosystem from coaxial-layout CNTs, the motor with specified rotational frequency (ωM) can drive the inner tube (rotor) to rotate in the outer tubes. When the axial gap between the motor and the rotor was fixed, the friction between their neighbor edges was stronger at a lower temperature. Especially at temperatures below 100 K, the friction-induced driving torque increases with ωM. When the rotor was subjected to an external resistant torque moment (Mr), it could not rotate opposite to the motor even if it deformed heavily. Combining molecular dynamics simulations with the bi-sectioning algorithm, the critical value of Mr was obtained. Under the critical torque moment, the rotor stopped rotating. Accordingly, a transmission nanosystem can be designed to provide a strong torque moment via interface friction at low temperature.

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XIAO, SHAOPING, RAY HAN, and WENYI HOU. "SPIN IN CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED OSCILLATORS." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 01 (February 2006): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06004097.

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In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations are performed on a [10, 10]/[5, 5] carbon nanotube-based oscillator. In our work, we observed a spin phenomenon of the inner tube when it oscillated in an isolated oscillator system. If there exist a rocking motion when the inner tube started to oscillate, an axial torque would be observed, and it would drive the inner tube to spin. When the oscillation became stable, the torque almost vanished, and the spin was stabilized with a constant frequency of 21.78 GHz. Such a spin phenomenon was also observed when the oscillator system was at a room temperature of 300 K. However, both magnitude and direction of the spin angular velocity varied from time to time, even after the oscillation of the inner tube stopped due to the energy dissipation.

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13

Bogaert, D., W. De Waele, K. Faes, and O. Zaitov. "Torque resistance of joints made by magnetic pulse crimping." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i3.20579.

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The possibility to use strong electromagnetic pulses to plastically deform electrically conductivematerials has been known for several decades. Despite its energy-efficiency and potential cost-efficiency,wide-spread use of the technology on an industrial level hasn’t been reached. As recently shown bySchäfer and Pasquale [1], more research towards industrial applicability is being conducted. This thesis willexperimentally investigate the feasibility of realizing torsion resistant tube joints manufactured by magneticpulse crimping. To get acquainted with the subject, first a literature study was performed. The generalprinciples of the electromagnetic pulse technology were studied. Differences between the widelyinvestigated welding technology and less documented crimping technology were obtained. Through theresults of earlier work [2] on crimping of tubes to obtain axial strength, it became clear that the crimpingprocess requires an optimization of geometrical parameters of the workpieces. This optimization isconsidered the main focal point of this thesis.

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Xu, Wenbin, Yingying Yang, Chenwei Dai, and Jingang Xie. "Optimization of spinning parameters of 20/316L bimetal composite tube based on orthogonal test." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 27, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2020-0026.

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AbstractThe spin forming parameters of bimetallic composite pipe were optimized by FEM and experiment, and the torque and the residual contact pressure were analyzed during forming process. Adoption of The orthogonal test of four factors and five levels to gain the optimal spinning parameters (δ = 0.16mm, Ψ = 0.4mm, β = 3.0∘, f = 0.5) and the effects of factors on analysis indicators under the condition of maximum residual contact pressure and small torque. The simulation results showed that the residual contact pressure was nearly 1MPa higher and the torque was lower about 160N·m than unoptimized results. It proved that the orthogonal test method was effective for the optimization of spinning parameters of bimetal composite tube. The accuracy of numerical simulation value was verified by the drawing experiment of the composite tube.

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Keefe, Andrew C., and Gregory P. Carman. "Thermo-mechanical characterization of shape memory alloy torque tube actuators." Smart Materials and Structures 9, no. 5 (September 28, 2000): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/9/5/311.

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Zhou, Yong, Hao Su, Yijun Dai, Wei Chen, and Feng Xie. "Design and research of torque tube used in HTS motor." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 19, no. 4 (August 2014): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11859-014-1024-2.

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Sharan, A. S., Somashekhar S. Hiremath, and C. S. Venkatesh. "Modeling and Simulation of Jetpipe Servovalve Torque Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2308.

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The torque motor is a precision mechatronic component used to convert low electric signal into linear mechanical displacement of the Jetpipe. Such torque motors are categorized under multi disciplinary engineering systems, which are complex in nature and also induces challenges to integrate with hydraulic system. This paper applies model-based system design approach of jetpipe servovalve torque motor to study the effect of critical parameters like armature length and air gap, feedback spring stiffness, and flexure tube stiffness on the dynamic performance of the were studied.

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Gong, Yongzhi, Faxing Ding, Liping Wang, Borong Huang, Yingjie Shan, and Fei Lyu. "Finite Model Analysis and Practical Design Equations of Circular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns Subjected to Compression-Torsion Load." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 5564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195564.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties and the composite action of circular concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns subjected to compression-torsion load using finite element model analysis. Load–strain (T–γ) curves, normal stress, shear stress, and the composite action between the steel tubes and the interior concrete were analyzed based on the verified 3D finite element models. The results indicate that with the increase of axial force, the maximum shear stress at the core concrete increased significantly, and the maximum shear stress of the steel tubes gradually decreased. Meanwhile, the torsional bearing capacity of the column increased at first and then decreased. The torque share in the columns changed from the tube-sharing domain to the concrete-sharing domain, while the axial force of the steel tube remained unchanged. Practical design equations for the torsional capacity of axially loaded circular CFST columns were proposed based on the parametric analysis. The accuracy and validity of the proposed equations were verified against the collected experimental results.

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Hermes, Matthias, Daniel Staupendahl, Christoph Becker, and A. Erman Tekkaya. "Innovative Machine Concepts for 3D Bending of Tubes and Profiles." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.37.

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The paper deals with two new processes and developed special machines for profile and tube bending. The first process is a new roll-based machine for three-dimensional bending of profiles with symmetrical and asymmetrical cross-sections that has been developed. Compared to conventional processes like stretch bending, the advantage of Torque Superposed Spatial (TSS) Bending is the kinematic adjustment of the bending contour, leading to higher flexibility and cost efficiency especially in small batch production. The second process is the new process of Incremental Tube Forming (ITF). This process is based on a combination of a spinning process and kinematic free form bending of tubular semi-finished products. It is suitable for bending tubes two- and three-dimensionally to arbitrary contours and for manufacturing tailored tubes. The combined spinning and bending process leads to low bending forces with the possibility of a significant springback reduction.

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Kim, Jun-Hyoung, and Cheol Kim. "Analyses of Behaviors of a Shape-Memory-Alloy Torque Tube Actuator." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2010.34.8.1083.

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Mammar, M., S. Djouimaa, A. Hamidat, S. Bahria, and M. El Ganaoui. "Wind effect on full-scale design of heliostat with torque tube." Mechanics & Industry 18, no. 3 (2017): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2016059.

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MORI, Takashi, Kenji SUZUKI, and Eizo URATA. "20411 Compliance of a flexure tube in torque-motor for servovalves." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2007.13 (2007): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2007.13.405.

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YOSHINAGA, Reo, Masataka NAKABAYASHI, Junpei YOSHIDA, Satoshi SHIMAWAKI, and Toshiya ISHIKAWA. "Single Torque Measurement of SMA Actuator Protected by Rolled Film Tube with an Outer Sliding Guide Tube." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2020.31 (2020): 2B19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2020.31.2b19.

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Tataroğlu, Samet, Erdem Ok, Sibel Kaya, Aykut Şen, Vedat Z. Doğan, Zahit Mecitoğlu, Erdem Akay, Sedat Süsler, and Halit S. Türkmen. "Design and Manufacturing of a Composite Drive Shaft." Key Engineering Materials 706 (August 2016): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.706.73.

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In this study, a composite drive shaft for heavy commercial vehicles is designed and manufactured. The carbon/epoxy composite material is used for the shaft tube and the end joints are made of steel. The material properties of the carbon/epoxy composite are obtained by performing coupon tests. The shaft tube is modeled using ANSYS finite element software. The static, buckling and modal analysis are achieved to obtain the Tsai-Wu strength ratio, the critical buckling torque and free vibration frequencies, respectively. The shaft tube is manufactured by using filament winding method. The steel end connections are bonded to the shaft tube during the filament winding process.

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Zubov, L. M. "Large deformations of a cylindrical tube with prestressed coatings." Доклады Академии наук 484, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524845542-546.

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The problem of large deformations in a combined nonlinear elastic hollow cylinder under internal and external pressures, loaded with a longitudinal force and torque at the end faces, is under consideration. The combined cylinder is a tube with the internal and external coatings in the form of prestressed hollow circular cylinders. An exact solution to the problem is found, which is valid for any model of isotropic incompressible elastic materials.

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Li, Zhaomin, Haijuan Kong, Muhuo Yu, Shu Zhu, and Minglin Qin. "Coating Strategy for Surface Modification of Stainless Steel Wire to Improve Interfacial Adhesion of Medical Interventional Catheters." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020381.

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Poor interfacial bonding between stainless steel wire and the inner and outer layer resin matrix significantly affects the mechanical performance of braid-reinforced composite hollow fiber tube, especially torsion control. In this work, a coating of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) deposited on the surface of stainless steel wire greatly enhanced the mechanical performance of braid-reinforced composite hollow fiber tube. This method takes advantage of the hydrogen bonding between polyether block amide (PEBA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for surface modification of stainless steel wire, as well as the good compatibility between PEBA and TPU. The mechanical properties of composited tubes demonstrate that the interlaminar shear strength, modulus of elasticity, and torque transmission properties were enhanced by 27.8%, 42.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. The results indicating that the interfacial adhesion between the coated stainless steel wire and the inner and outer matrix was improved. In addition, the interfacial properties of composite hollow fiber tube before and after coating was characterized by the optical microscope, and results show that the interfacial adhesion properties of the modified stainless steel wire reinforced resin matrix composites were greatly improved.

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Zhao, Hui, Litong Zhang, Bo Chen, and Jiaxin Zhang. "Effects of Thickness on Mechanical Properties of 2D C/SiC Torque Tube." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 34, no. 5 (October 2019): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-019-2158-z.

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Zi-Ming, Feng, Tan Jing-Jing, Sun Yanan, Zhang De-Shi, and Duan Wei-Bo. "3D-Dynamic Modelling and Performance Analysis of Service Behavior for Beam Pumping Unit." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9205251.

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In consideration of the rod, the tube, and the liquid column, a 3D dynamic model was established, which could be expressed as a set of partial differential equations. A measured torque curve and a calculated torque curve of Nan1-2-22 oil-well in Daqing oilfield were contrasted with each other which improved the rationality of this model. At last, we researched the influence of the stroke and the frequency of stroke on the displacement of rod, suspension velocity, suspension acceleration, polish rod load, and net torque of gearbox. This 3D dynamic model has a higher calculated accuracy and veracity and could be used to design and optimize the structure of rod pumping and the working process of pumping wells.

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Li, Shaoxiang, Hong Xiao, Pu Wang, Huasong Liu, and Jiaquan Zhang. "Analysis on Electromagnetic Field of Continuous Casting Mold Including a New Integral Method for Calculating Electromagnetic Torque." Metals 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090946.

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Based on the Maxwell’s equations, a finite element model is established to study the characteristics of electromagnetic field in the mold of billet and bloom continuous casting with electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). A novel integral method for calculating electromagnetic torque is proposed to evaluate the stirring intensity of stirrer. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, a well-designed electromagnetic torque detecting device is fabricated. The predicted value of electromagnetic torque and magnetic flux density are consistent with the measured data. The optimum frequency is determined by the maximal electromagnetic torque of the strand. The effect of stirring current intensity and different stirrer positions along the length of mold on the electromagnetic field has been studied numerically. The results show that the optimum frequency is smaller when the copper tube of the mold is thicker and the section size is bigger. Besides, the electromagnetic torque of the strand is a quadratic function of the running current intensity. Moreover, the installation position of stirrer strongly affects the prediction of electromagnetic field distribution, further influencing the optimum frequency and the electromagnetic torque of strand.

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He, Bing, Zhongxing Mi, Youjiang Wang, and Bohong Gu. "Unit cell modeling on torsion damage behavior of a novel three-dimensional integrated multilayer fabric-reinforced composite tubular structure." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 19-20 (February 24, 2019): 4253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519832837.

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Torsion damage behaviors of composite tubes are key factors in the design of tube structures, such as transmission shafts. During service, torsion in the transmission shaft induces delamination damage. A novel three-dimensional fully integrated multilayer tubular fabric aimed to eliminate delamination was invented by authors. This fabric is in tubular form with several layers of crimp-free in-layer yarns oriented at prescribed orientations and fully interlocked by a set of through-layer yarns, which are often made of the same type of fibers as the in-layer yarns. We investigated torsion damage behaviors of the integrated fabric-reinforced composite tubes. The torque–torsion angle curves were obtained and the torsion damages were phenomenologically analyzed. A unit cell model of the integrated fabric composite circular tube was established to numerically reveal the torsion damage mechanisms. For optimizing the torsion behaviors, the axial yarns should have high stiffness and the binder yarn should have high strength. More specifically, the axial yarn should use carbon fiber tows, and high-strength polymer fiber tows could be used for the binder yarns.

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Borras, F. Xavier, Roy van den Nieuwendijk, Vikram Ramesh, Matthijn B. de Rooij, and Dik J. Schipper. "Stern tube seals operation: A practical approach." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 2 (February 2021): 168781402199440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814021994404.

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Stern tube seals are a key component of the propulsion system of a ship. The purpose of these sealing rings is to ensure a reliable sealing condition, preventing the spillage of lubricant to the environment. The research on these large rotary seals is limited due to their complex accessibility: stern tube seals are located below the seawater level on a moving ship. A dynamic setup replicating the operating conditions of a stern tube seal is presented together with a novel arrangement for monitoring the flow rate across the seal. The frictional torque, the operating temperature, and the lubricant migration across the seal are measured under various shaft velocities and pressure differences. The existing theory for rotary lip seals is reviewed for the stern tube seal application. From the results it is deduced that the stern tube seals tested operate within the elastohydrodynamic regime with film thicknesses in the sub-micrometer range.

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Leão, Gonçalo, Carlos M. Costa, Armando Sousa, and Germano Veiga. "Detecting and Solving Tube Entanglement in Bin Picking Operations." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072264.

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Manufacturing and production industries are increasingly turning to robots to carry out repetitive picking operations in an efficient manner. This paper focuses on tackling the novel challenge of automating the bin picking process for entangled objects, for which there is very little research. The chosen case study are sets of freely curved tubes, which are prone to occlusions and entanglement. The proposed algorithm builds a representation of the tubes as an ordered list of cylinders and joints using a point cloud acquired by a 3D scanner. This representation enables the detection of occlusions in the tubes. The solution also performs grasp planning and motion planning, by evaluating post-grasp trajectories via simulation using Gazebo and the ODE physics engine. A force/torque sensor is used to determine how many items were picked by a robot gripper and in which direction it should rotate to solve cases of entanglement. Real-life experiments with sets of PVC tubes and rubber radiator hoses showed that the robot was able to pick a single tube on the first try with success rates of 99% and 93%, respectively. This study indicates that using simulation for motion planning is a promising solution to deal with entangled objects.

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Luo, Xianwu, An Yu, Bin Ji, Yulin Wu, and Yoshinobu Tsujimoto. "Unsteady vortical flow simulation in a Francis turbine with special emphasis on vortex rope behavior and pressure fluctuation alleviation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 231, no. 3 (February 7, 2017): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917692153.

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Hydro turbines operating at partial flow conditions usually have vortex ropes in the draft tube that generate large pressure fluctuations. This unsteady flow phenomenon is harmful to the safe operation of hydropower stations. This paper presents numerical simulations of the internal flow in the draft tube of a Francis turbine with particular emphasis on understanding the unsteady characteristics of the vortex rope structure and the underlying mechanisms for the interactions between the air and the vortices. The pressure fluctuations induced by the vortex rope are alleviated by air admission from the main shaft center, with the water-air two phase flow in the entire flow passage of a model turbine simulated based on the homogeneous flow assumption. The results show that aeration with suitable air flow rate can alleviate the pressure fluctuations in the draft tube, and the mechanism improving the flow stability in the draft tube is due to the change of vortex rope structure and distribution by aeration, i.e. a helical vortex rope at a small aeration volume while a cylindrical vortex rope with a large amount of aeration. The preferable vortex rope distribution can suppress the swirl at the smaller flow rates, and is helpful to alleviate the pressure fluctuation in the draft tube. The analysis based on the vorticity transport equation indicates that the vortex has strong stretching and dilation in the vortex rope evolution. The baroclinic torque term does not play a major role in the vortex evolution most of the time, but will much increase for some specific aeration volumes. The present study also depicts that vortex rope is mainly associated with a pair of spiral vortex stretching and dilation sources, and its swirling flow is alleviated little by the baroclinic torque term, whose effect region is only near the draft tube inlet.

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McMulkin, Mark L., Jeffrey C. Woldstad, Paul B. McMahan, and Timothy M. Jones. "Wheel Turning Strength for Four Wheel Designs." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 10 (October 1993): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701018.

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This paper reports the results of an experiment to evaluate the isometric wheel turning strength of 12 male and 12 female subjects using four different wheel designs. Three of the wheels investigated were new designs developed specifically for this study, while the fourth was a wheel currently used on many railroad car hand brakes. The three new designs considered were a cylindrical tube (4.3 cm in diameter), a cylindrical tube (2.5 cm in diameter) with spheres mounted along the edge, and a circular zig-zag design. Strength data were collected using a mock-up of the ladder and platform arrangement found on most railroad hopper and box cars. The task simulated the final tightening exertion required to secure railroad car hand brakes. Strength capabilities were measured using two methods: 1) a three second average during a six-second trial; 2) the peak reached on a separate trial in which subjects did not sustain an exertion. Results showed that the torque generated by the subjects was highest for the zig-zag design, followed in order by the wheel with the spheres, the cylindrical wheel, and the standard wheel; average torque values were 191 Nm, 147 Nm, 132 Nm, and 95 Nm, respectively. The average strength values (three-second average) for six-second maximum exertions produced lower average torque values (122 Nm) than the ramp to maximum exertion (161 Nm).

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Fang, Haiyang, Ronghai Qu, Jin Wang, Zhe Zhu, and Hong Chen. "Design of a Novel Torque Tube for a Direct-Drive Superconducting Wind Generator." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 25, no. 3 (June 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2014.2366453.

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Kealy, Tim, and Carlos Tiu. "Calibration of a Commercial Kneader for Rheological Applications." Applied Rheology 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2002-0013.

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Abstract In the case of some highly viscous fluids, or thick pastes (such as those exhibiting high yield stress and/or high plastic viscosity), neither rotational nor tube type viscometers are suitable for rheological characterisation. Due to their capacity for generating and maintaining high torque or high rates of rotation, kneaders and mixers can often engender shear rates in excess of those of conventional rotational viscometers. Often these devices are instrumented, to measure and record the rate of rotation of the mixing blades and the related torque on the shaft turning the blades. The major problem facing users of these mixers lies in data interpretation, specifically in relating rate of rotation and torque data to shear rate and shear stress respectively. If it were possible to obtain such relationships, useful rheological data could be generated with instrumented mixers.

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Kovaľ, Vladimír. "High aspect ratio lead zirconate titanate tube structures: II. Directed assembly via dielectrophoresis." Processing and Application of Ceramics 6, no. 1 (2012): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1201043k.

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This paper reports on the controlled manipulation of high aspect ratio ferroelectric microtubes on pre-patterned templates by dielectrophoresis. Microtubes of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT, a chemical formula of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48 )O3) with an outer diameter of 2 ?m, a length of about 30 ?m and a wall thickness of 400 nm were prepared by vacuum infiltration method using macroporous silicon templates. To position and align tubes at designed places, an alternating electric field was applied to a colloidal suspension of PZT tubes through lithographically defined microelectrodes. This would enable creation of a stable electrical connection to individual tubes for making a testing structure for rapid electrical characterization. Electric-field assisted assembly experiments demonstrated that the frequency and magnitude of the applied electric field control dielectrophoretic long-range forces, and hence spatial movement of the tubes in a non-uniform electric field. The most efficient biasing for the assembly of tubes across the electrode gap of 12 ?m was a square wave signal of 5 Vrms and 10 Hz. By varying the applied frequency in between 1 and 10 Hz, an enhancement in tube alignment was observed due to possible changes in dielectrophoretic torque. The results indicate a great potential for utilizing dielectrophoresis in construction of more complex, hierarchical 3-D device structures using the PZT 1-D like tubes as the building units.

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Alssafar, Saifalden Y., and Faleh H. M. Al-Mahdawi. "Certain Assessment of Using MWCNT Nps in Drilling Fluid to Mitigate Stick-Slip Problem during Drilling Operation System." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2019.3.6.

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Stick- slip is the continuous stopping& release of the Bit/BHA due to the irregular down-hole rotation prompted by the existing relationship between the friction torque and the torque applied from the surface to free the bit. Friction coefficient between BHA and wellbore is the main player of stick slip amount, which can be mitigated by support a good lubricators as additives in drilling mud. Mathematical (or empirical) solves should be done through adjusting all parameters which supposed to reduce stick- slip as low as possible using different models, one of the main parameters is drilling mud. As per Nanoparticles drilling fluid is a new technology that offers high performance it’s necessary to find out the relationship between the use of Nano fluid and the minimum stick- slip vibration. In this study (multiwall carbon Nano tube) will be used as a Nanoparticles in Fresh water bentonite mud and polymer mud by five tests per each one to find out the coefficient of friction and used it in a special torque and drag software as a part of drilling vertical well simulation to calculate expected bottom hole torque within five different Nano concentration per each mud type. In fresh water bentonite mud torque reduction was from 4000 ft-lb to 3500 ft-lb, while in polymer mud torque failed and didn’t reduce, so it raised from 2050.88 ft-lb to be around 2200 ft-lb.

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Mu, Hongbin, Wei Wei, Lingxing Kong, Yulong Zhao, and Qingdong Yan. "Braking characteristics integrating open working chamber model and hydraulic control system model in a hydrodynamic retarder." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 1952–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218780510.

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Hydraulic control system has important influence on the steady and transient braking performance of a hydrodynamic retarder. The braking characteristics of hydrodynamic retarder regulated by hydraulic control system should be investigated first, before designing and making the braking strategy and control method. The accurate and detailed braking characteristics models of open working chamber and hydraulic control system are established, integrated, and validated by steady and dynamic experimental data. Based on full factorial design experimental method, the influence of control parameters on braking performance achieving steady state is analyzed with parameter sensitivity, and the effect of control parameters on braking response characteristics is conducted. Then the influence of different tube lengths between working chamber and hydraulic control system on braking performance is discussed and analyzed. The results show the control pressure and rotor rotational speed both have significant impact on braking characteristics with obvious nonlinear, coupling, and interaction effect. The longer response time of hydraulic control system will be for the larger braking torque. Shortening the tube lengths as much as possible is needed to improve the braking torque, cooling flow rate, and system integration.

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Fabregat-Sanjuan, Albert, Francesc Ferrando Piera, and Silvia De la Flor López. "An experimental approach to the thermomechanical characterization of a NiTiCu shape memory alloy using strain gauges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 231, no. 1-2 (September 25, 2016): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716669533.

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In this work, a characterization of a NiTiCu (Ti44.6Ni5Cu (at.%)) shape memory alloy (tube specimens) has been done via tension, compression and torsion tests conditions. Torsion tests were done in a special homemade equipment, which is based on an instrumented dividing head with a specifically designed thermal chamber. This configuration is able to measure torque and twist angle with isothermal tests at different temperatures as well as to apply thermal cycles with a fixed twist angle. Moreover, tube specimens were instrumented with stacked strain gauges rosettes in order to obtain the strain tensor. Strain gauges were also used to calibrate the equipment and to identify the real stress state in torsion tests. The results have shown differences between the shear modulus measured on torsion tests and the shear modulus calculated from the measurements at tension and compression tests due to the tension/compression asymmetry and a non-constant strain ratio value. Thermal cycling tests at different values of fixed twist angles not only have led to characterize the evolution of torque as a function of the temperature but also to understand the different interacting mechanisms in torsion tests.

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Zhao, Hui, Litong Zhang, Bo Chen, and Jiaxin Zhang. "The effect of fiber orientation on failure behavior of 3DN C/SiC torque tube." Ceramics International 44, no. 4 (March 2018): 4190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.222.

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42

Zhao, Hui, Litong Zhang, Bo Chen, Zongbei He, Jiaxin Zhang, and Yongsheng Liu. "The effects of fiber orientation on failure behaviors of 2D C/SiC torque tube." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 37, no. 14 (November 2017): 4323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.04.024.

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Sahoo, Pradeep Kumar, and Sunil Sarangi. "A new technique for the analysis of torque tube heat exchangers of superconducting generators." Cryogenics 36, no. 5 (May 1996): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(96)81104-0.

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Zappalorto, Michele, and Paolo Lazzarin. "Torsional stress distributions in tubes with external and internal notches." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 47, no. 6 (June 21, 2012): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324712451398.

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Practical expressions useful to assess the elastic stress distribution in a torque loaded axisymmetric tube, weakened by circumferential U- and blunt V-shaped notches, are presented. The solution is obtained as an extension of a previous analytical solution valid for axisymmetric solid shafts. It accounts for the local geometry (notch tip root radius and notch opening angle) as well as for the global geometry (inner and outer diameter of the tube). Shear stress fields are written as a function of the shear stress at the notch tip. Varying global and local geometries, the obtained equations are compared with a large bulk of finite element results, showing a good agreement.

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Ong, Chin Siang, David A. D’Alessandro, Duke E. Cameron, and Serguei Melnitchouk. "Pulmonary Venoatrial Connection Using a Ringed Tube Graft to Repair Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 11, no. 5 (August 27, 2020): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135120918785.

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Left-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (left pulmonary veins to left vertical vein) was repaired in a 70-year-old patient by ligation of the vertical vein and connection of the pulmonary veins to the left atrial appendage using a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene tube graft. The graft made the connection technically easier and facilitated a torque-free and tension-free anastomosis that was “stented” open by the rings.

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Kim, Seung-Jun, Yong Cho, and Jin-Hyuk Kim. "Effect of Air Injection on the Internal Flow Characteristics in the Draft Tube of a Francis Turbine Model." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071182.

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Under low flow-rate conditions, a Francis turbine exhibits precession of a vortex rope with pressure fluctuations in the draft tube. These undesirable flow phenomena can lead to deterioration of the turbine performance as manifested by torque and power output fluctuations. In order to suppress the rope with precession and a swirl component in the tube, the use of anti-swirl fins was investigated in a previous study. However, vortex rope generation still occurred near the cone of the tube. In this study, unsteady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes analyses were conducted with a scale-adaptive simulation shear stress transport turbulence model. This model was used to observe the effects of the injection in the draft tube on the unsteady internal flow and pressure phenomena considering both active and passive suppression methods. The air injection affected the generation and suppression of the vortex rope and swirl component depending on the flow rate of the air. In addition, an injection level of 0.5%Q led to a reduction in the maximum unsteady pressure characteristics.

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Sidle, Stacy, Ananth Sridharan, Inderjit Chopra, Matt Feshler, and Peter Kull. "Investigation of Engine–Airframe Vibration Due to Main Rotor Hub Loads Using a Substructuring Framework." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 64, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.64.042001.

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This paper presents a methodology to analyze the coupled structural dynamic response of an elastic airframe and engines of a helicopter in response to main rotor hub loads. Transfer functions of individual components (airframe, engine, mount struts, and torque tube) are coupled together using a substructuring approach to obtain consistent coupled solutions of the entire system. Using this approach, a twin-engine, four-bladed helicopter is analyzed using NASTRAN-based models of the airframe and engines. This efficient substructuring approach is validated against the fully coupled NASTRAN model using forced response studies. Characteristics of the mount properties, i.e., the torque tube stiffness, and aft mount stiffness and damping are systematically varied to study their effect on the engine vibration response. The fore and aft mount element properties for minimizing the 8P engine response are identified without increasing 4P response. A compromise between 4P and 8P response is also identified from parametric studies of rear mount properties, using just three parameters to represent the design space. Using the substructuring approach presented here, future studies can be performed to rapidly match airframe characteristics with available engines at approximately 1000 times the speed of running a detailed finite element model (millions of degrees of freedom), without any reduction in accuracy.

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Vaithilingam, Chockalingam, Norhisam Misron, Mohammad Zare, Ishak Aris, and Mohammad Marhaban. "Computation of Electromagnetic Torque in a Double Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor Using Flux Tube Methods." Energies 5, no. 10 (October 18, 2012): 4008–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en5104008.

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Khalkhali, Abolfazl, Sharif Khakshournia, and Parvaneh Saberi. "Optimal design of functionally graded PmPV/CNT nanocomposite cylindrical tube for purpose of torque transmission." Journal of Central South University 23, no. 2 (February 2016): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3081-5.

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50

Castro, Laura, Gustavo Urquiza, Adam Adamkowski, and Marcelo Reggio. "Experimental and Numerical Simulations Predictions Comparison of Power and Efficiency in Hydraulic Turbine." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/146054.

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On-site power and mass flow rate measurements were conducted in a hydroelectric power plant (Mexico). Mass flow rate was obtained using Gibson's water hammer-based method. A numerical counterpart was carried out by using the commercial CFD software, and flow simulations were performed to principal components of a hydraulic turbine: runner and draft tube. Inlet boundary conditions for the runner were obtained from a previous simulation conducted in the spiral case. The computed results at the runner's outlet were used to conduct the subsequent draft tube simulation. The numerical results from the runner's flow simulation provided data to compute the torque and the turbine's power. Power-versus-efficiency curves were built, and very good agreement was found between experimental and numerical data.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Torque tube'

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