Journal articles: 'Torsion test'

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Li, Xin, and Li Liang. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Torsional Behavior of Precast Concrete Screw Pile Body." Applied Mechanics and Materials 188 (June 2012): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.188.137.

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Precast concrete screw pile is a new kind of pile foundation. Because the pile bears very large torsion in construction, the torsional properties of pile body including cracking torsion, ultimate torsion and torsional deformation were studied in this paper in order to improve the anti-torsional ability of precast concrete screw pile. Experimental method and numerical method are used to research the torsional behavior of precast concrete pile body. Experimental and numerical results of cracking torsion, ultimate torsion and relationship between torsion and angle of twist per unit length of different specimens are obtained. In addition, five factors of strength level of concrete, degree of prestress, distance of spiral hoop, concrete cover and diameter of spiral hoop influencing on torsional behavior of precast concrete pile body are researched by orthogonal numerical test. The rational finite element model and solution method are concluded for calculating the torsional behavior of concrete pile. Moreover, the rational pile type and design parameters of precast concrete screw pile are obtained.

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Jiang, Chenchen, Haojian Lu, Ke Cao, Wenfeng Wan, Yajing Shen, and Yang Lu. "In Situ SEM Torsion Test of Metallic Glass Microwires Based on Micro Robotic Manipulation." Scanning 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6215691.

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Microwires, such as metallic, semiconductor, and polymer microwires and carbon fibers, have stimulated great interest due to their importance in various structural and functional applications. Particularly, metallic glass (MG) microwires, because of their amorphous atoms arrangement, have some unique mechanical properties compared with traditional metals. Despite the fact that substantial research efforts have been made on the mechanical characterizations of metallic glass microwires under tension or flexural bending, the mechanical properties of microwires under torsional loading have not been well studied, mainly due to the experimental difficulties, such as the detection of torsion angle, quantitative measurement of the torsional load, and the alignment between the specimen and torque meter. In this work, we implemented the in situ SEM torsion tests of individual La50Al30Ni20 metallic glass (MG) microwires successfully based on a self-developed micro robotic mechanical testing system. Unprecedented details, such as the revolving vein-pattern along the torsion direction on MG microwires fracture surface, were revealed. Our platform could provide critical insights into understanding the deformation mechanisms of other microwires under torsional loading and can even be further used for robotic micromanufacturing.

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Zhou, Hai Jun, Hong Hong Huang, and Hua Zhang. "An Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Superelastic NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Bar Subjected to Torsion." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3992.

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An experimental study on mechanical behavior of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) bar subjected to torsion was made. The SMA specimen was in round bar shape, material phase was austenite and stress mode was torsion. The test was carried out by applying repeated cyclic uniform torsional load. Strain rate, strain amplitude and number of cycles were considered as test parameters. The test was described and analyzed in terms of three fundamental mechanical quantities: secant stiffness, energy loss per unit weight and equivalent damping. The test results show that SMA bar subjected to torsion, have great potential for application in seismic devices due to their considerable superelasticity and stable cyclic behaviors.

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Sung, Po-Hsien, Tei-Chen Chen, and Cheng-Da Wu. "Atomistic Simulation of ZrNi Metallic Glasses Under Torsion Test." Nano 12, no. 08 (August 2017): 1750094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500941.

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ZrNi metallic glass alloy nanowires (NWs) under torsion are studied using molecular dynamics simulations based on the many-body embedded-atom potential. The effect of cooling rate on the deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of ZrNi NWs is evaluated in terms of shear strain, torque, potential energy and radial distribution function. Simulation results show that for slower cooling rates, the NWs have larger packing density, whereas for faster cooling rates, the packing density of atoms decreases. The amount of deformation increases with increasing torsional angle before it reaches a critical torsional angle ([Formula: see text]. The torque required for deformation and the [Formula: see text] value increase with decreasing cooling rate, indicating a larger mechanical strength. Localized shear bands concentrate at regions with high shear strains, leading to the formation of torsional buckling.

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Thiyyakkandi, Sudheesh, Michael McVay, Peter Lai, and Rodrigo Herrera. "Full-scale coupled torsion and lateral response of mast arm drilled shaft foundations." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 12 (December 2016): 1928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0241.

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Drilled shaft foundations supporting mast arm assemblies are subjected to significant torsion and lateral load during severe wind loading (e.g., hurricane). Past centrifuge studies in granular soils suggest that the design of such foundations should be performed for a coupled load case, since the lateral resistance is considerably reduced by the concurrent application of torsion. However, current design practice still considers lateral load and torsion independently due to the lack of field verification of centrifuge results. This paper reports on a full-scale test program to investigate the coupled load behavior of drilled shafts. A novel load test setup (with a heavy-duty mast arm assembly) and instrumentation were used for the combined torsion and lateral loading (e.g., wind loading). The study revealed a significant reduction in lateral resistance due to the influence of torque as observed from previous centrifuge studies. Torsional resistance was reduced (approximately 20%) by the impact of lateral load when compared with the anticipated torsional resistance based on unit skin friction values, derived from the axial load test results (i.e., no influence of lateral load). A comparison of measured torsional resistance during the combined loading with the predicted values using different approaches was also made. O’Neill and Hassan’s beta (β) method (sand) and alpha method (clay) are found to predict the torsional resistance reasonably well (±10%), while all other methods based on the standard penetration test and cone penetration test considered in the study overpredicted or underpredicted the resistance.

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Yu, Zhigang, and Deshan Shan. "Experimental and numerical studies of T-shaped reinforced concrete members subjected to combined compression-bending-shear-torsion." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (May 17, 2021): 2809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211012577.

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The study of reinforced concrete members subjected to combined loads always has been an important research topic in the field of engineering, but the torsional behavior of T-shaped reinforced concrete members subjected to combined loads has yet to be determined. This paper is focused on providing a detailed explanation of the torsional behavior of T-shaped reinforced concrete members subjected to combined compression-bending-shear-torsion. From the perspective of experimental tests and numerical analyses, in this paper, we discuss the effects of combined loads on the torsion bearing capacity, the development of cracks and the failure mode, strains of key points in the concrete and longitudinal reinforcement, and the relation of torsion and angular displacement. We conducted experiments and numerical analyses of four groups of reinforced concrete members by using the main variables of the axial pressure ratio and the bending moment. Also, the experimental and calculated results are compared based on the elastic-plastic damage constitutive model of concrete. Based on the test data and the existing formula, we also extended the formula used to calculate the torsion bearing capacity and provided diagrams of the interaction when combined loads were applied. In addition, the results of this study highlight the turning point from torsion failure to compression-bending-torsion failure. The test results demonstrated that torsion capability increases in the specified range of axial pressure ratio and decreases as bending increases. The test results also indicate the importance of considering the effects of compression-shear-bending on the torsion bearing capacity in the engineering design.

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PRICE, KENNETH L. "A DOMAIN TEST FOR LIE COLOR ALGEBRAS." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 07, no. 01 (February 2008): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498808002679.

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Lie color algebras are generalizations of Lie superalgebras and graded Lie algebras. The properties of a Lie color algebra can often be related directly to the ring structure of its universal enveloping algebra. We study the effects of torsion elements and torsion subspaces. Let [Formula: see text] denote a Lie color algebra. If [Formula: see text] is homogeneous and torsion then x2 = 0 in [Formula: see text]. If no homogeneous element of [Formula: see text] is torsion, then [Formula: see text] so [Formula: see text] is semiprime. In this case we can give a test which uses Gröbner basis methods to determine when [Formula: see text] is a domain. This is applied in an example to show [Formula: see text] may be a domain even if [Formula: see text] contains torsion elements and torsion subspaces.

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Ashour, Samir A., Sabry A. Shihata, Ali A. Akhtaruzaman, and Faisal F. Wafa. "Prestressed high-strength concrete beams under torsion and bending." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-054.

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Test results of 16 rectangular prestressed high-strength concrete beams subjected to the combined action of torsion and bending are presented. The major variables were the ratio of torsion to the bending moment (T/M) and the prestressing level. The beams were subjected to two levels of prestressing, corresponding to 0.05fc' and 0.10fc', where fc' is the compressive strength of concrete (about 90 MPa). Test results showed that the torque-twist relations for the test beams were approximately linear up to cracking and thereafter became nonlinear. Increasing the T/M ratio and the prestressing level increases both torsional stiffness and strength. Several theoretical methods available in the literature developed for normal-strength concrete were used to predict the torsional strength of the tested high-strength concrete beams. Interaction equations were used along with some other methods to predict the torsional capacity in the presence of a bending moment. Good agreement was observed between the experimental and theoretical results.Key words: beams (supports), bending, cracking, failure, high-strength concrete, interaction diagram, prestressed concrete, stiffness, torsion, torsional strength.

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9

Goanta, Viorel. "Device for Torsional Fatigue Strength Assessment Adapted for Pulsating Testing Machines." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072667.

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The torsional fatigue test determines the fatigue limit for a certain asymmetry coefficient of the cycle. The assessment of fatigue tests is performed on specialized machines. There are two types of torsion testing machines: universal machines that have the torsion component and specialized machines only for torsion testing. Nevertheless, no matter which proposed option we choose, the purchase prices for these testing machines or the values spent for self-management are quite high. This paper presented a device used for torsion fatigue testing, adaptable to a universal pulsating testing machine, designed to determine the torsion fatigue limit for different materials. The built device is simple and reliable, and therefore inexpensive. By using this device, we can determine the limit of the torsional fatigue after any stress cycle and we can use the parameters obtained from the universal machine to which it was attached. The torque and twisting angle of the test specimen during the test can be determined by calculation. The paper also presented an experimental method for determining shear strains based on calibration experiment, using a specimen on which strain gauges were mounted. The values taken from this calibration experiment were compared with those obtained from the theoretical calculation.

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Da Cruz, Daniel Magalhães, Fernanda Mazuco Clain, and Carlos Eduardo Marcos Guilherme. "Experimental study of the torsional effect for yarn break load test of polymeric multifilaments." Acta Polytechnica 62, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2022.62.0538.

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Polymeric multifilaments have gained a significant interest in recent decades. In the studies of mechanical characteristics, although there are different types of tests, such as rupture, abrasion, creep, impact and fatigue, it can be said that the main mechanical characterisation is the tensile rupture strength (Yarn Break Load, YBL), which also serves as a parameter for other tests. The objective of this work is to evaluate the results of breaking strength under different torsional conditions in polymeric multifilaments and to determine optimal twists for failures. The test were carried out with the following materials: polyamide, polyester, and high modulus polyethylene (HMPE), and for torsional conditions: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, and 480 turns per metre. As a result, for these torsion groups, curves were obtained for the three materials that present an optimal point of maximum rupture value, which was also experimentally proven. The twist that optimises the breaking strength of HMPE is 38 turns per metre, 56 turns per metre for polyester, and 95 turns per metre for polyamide. The twist groups that exceed the optimal torsion have a deleterious effect on the material, where the multifilament ceases to be homogeneous and starts to create an excessive "spring effect". The results found differ from the recommendation of the standard that regulates the YBL test, and thus, a relationship is built between groups of optimal torsion and linear density that provides evidence that the increase in linear density causes the optimal torsion for rupture to also increase, while the standard places a condition of 30 turns per metre for linear densities greater than 2200 dtex, and 60 turns per metre for linear densities less than 2200 dtex. In addition to optimal torsion values, this conclusion is paramount, the test procedure makes a general recommendation that does not optimise the breaking strength.

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11

Tjell, Carsten. "Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test-." Journal of Whiplash & Related Disorders 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j180v01n02_02.

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Markham, Charles H., and Shirley G. Diamond. "A Predictive Test for Space Motion Sickness." Journal of Vestibular Research 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1993-3309.

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Eye torsion was examined in 13 astronaut subjects, tested during repeated episodes of 0 G and 1.8 G in parabolic flight aboard NASA’s KC-135. Four findings are included. 1) A strong relationship between previous history of SMS and ocular torsional disconjugacy in novel gravitational states. 2) Responses were unchanged in 4 subjects retested a year later. 3) Ocular torsional disconjugacy scores increased as exposure to 0 and 1.8 G increased. This was particularly evident in subjects who had had SMS. 4) Torsional studies during 10 to 20 parabolas are required to accurately predict SMS. The hypothesis of otolith asymmetry, compensated in 1 G but becoming unmasked in novel gravitational states, is proposed to explain the torsional disconjugacy and ensuing SMS.

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FUJII, Mitsumi, and Fumihito NISHIMURA. "Development of Pure Torsion Test System for Micro Torsion Bars." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 89, no. 3 (March 5, 2023): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.89.275.

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Jin, Nan, Sébastien Mavromatis, Jean Sequeira, and Stéphane Curcio. "A Robust Method of Eye Torsion Measurement for Medical Applications." Information 11, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11090408.

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The detection of eye torsion is an important element for diagnosis of balance disorders, although it is rarely available in existing eye tracking systems. A novel method is proposed in this paper to provide robust measurement of torsional eye movements. A numerical approach is presented to estimate the iris boundary only according to the gaze direction, so the segmentation of the iris is more robust against occlusions and ambiguities. The perspective distortion of the iris pattern at eccentric eye positions is also corrected, benefiting from the transformation relation that is established for the iris estimation. The angle of the eye torsion is next measured on the unrolled iris patterns via a TM (Template Matching) technique. The principle of the proposed method is validated and its robustness in practice is assessed. A very low mean FPR (False Positive Rate) is reported (i.e., 3.3%) in a gaze test when testing on five participants with very different eye morphologies. The present method always gave correct measurement on the iris patterns with simulated eye torsions and rarely provided mistaken detections in the absence of eye torsion in practical conditions. Therefore, it shows a good potential to be further applied in medical applications.

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15

Gusel, Leo. "Multi Regression Analysis of Flow Curve Obtained by Torsion Test." Advanced Materials Research 856 (December 2013): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.159.

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This paper presents determination of flow curve of steel by using multi regression analysis based on only few experimental points of torsion test. It is necessary to know the flow curve of the formed metal and the best way to obtain one are different experiments such as tensile, upsetting or torsion tests. In the paper torsion test was used for obtaining the flow curve. In torsion test a cylindrical specimen is twisted by torque acting around its axis. Experimental data of torsion test were processed by determination of statistical characteristic of experimental results.

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Zhu, Yingbo, Shui Wan, Kongjian Shen, Qiang Su, and Xiayuan Li. "Modified rotating-angle softened truss model for composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs under pure torsion." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 9 (February 6, 2020): 1902–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219898063.

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Replacement of traditional concrete webs with corrugated steel webs will lead to a significant decrease in torsional stiffness of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs, which needs special attention in the design of wide and curved composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs. To improve the accuracy of prediction on the entire torsional performance of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs, a modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion is developed in this study. Modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion mainly takes into account the new three-stage average stress coefficients, the new two-stage shear strain relationship between corrugated steel web and slabs, and the torsional deformation coordination of whole cross section. To testify the accuracy of modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion and to better understand the performance of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs under pure torsion, two scaled specimens are tested in this article. The torque–twist curves and shear strains calculated by modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion reach a good agreement with experimental results, which indicates that modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion can successfully predict the entire torsional performance of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs. In addition, compared with test data obtained from previous literature, the proposed modified rotating-angle softened truss model for torsion is more capable of predicting full torsional response of composite box-girder with corrugated steel webs than other rotating-angle models, especially at cracking stage and ultimate stage.

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Lu, Xiuyu, Jing Liu, Guifeng Zhou, Lulu Feng, and Zhen Wang. "Correlation between Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of 2000 MPa Cold-Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires during Galvanizing Simulated Annealing." Metals 9, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030326.

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In the present experiment, hot-dip galvanizing simulated annealing of 2000 MPa cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires was carried out at 450 °C. The effects of microstructural evolution on the mechanical properties of the as-prepared wires were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile test, torsion test, and Vickers hardness test. In addition, the relationship between torsion laps and microstructural evolution of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires was investigated in detail. It was found that the torsional performance of the wires deteriorated after annealing at 450 °C for 2–5 min, and the corresponding microstructural evolution was accompanied by the partial degradation of lamellar pearlites due to the diffusion and dislocation pinning of dissolved carbon atoms in ferrites, and it is not feasible to achieve the matching of strength and torsion laps by prolonging the holding time. The deterioration in torsional performance can be attributed to the microstructural difference between the surface and the center of the annealed wires. When the proportion of non-lamellar structure between the surface and the center in each specimen exceeded 8%, the microhardness difference was found to be greater than 40 HV and the torsion lap was less than 3 circles.

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Fatihhi, S. J., Syahrom Ardiyansyah, Muhamad Noor Harun, and Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir. "Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone through Compression and Combined Compression-Torsion Test: A Comparative Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.415.

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In realistic service of life, trabecular bone is subjected to multiaxial stress histories during physiological routine activities thus investigation on the mechanical environment is important to evaluate the mechanistic aspects of bone failure in trauma. This study attempts to compare the material properties of trabecular bone with regard to mechanical properties in axial compression and combined compression-torsion. How superimposed axial compression and torsion loads would alter the axial mechanical properties is explained. Shear loading demonstrates tenfold reduction in modulus and 27% reduction in yield strength of bone in comparison to the properties of bone in pure compression. This condition shows that superimposed torsional loading is possible to accelerate bone yielding.

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Talaeitaba, Sayed Behzad, and Davood Mostofinejad. "A New Test Setup for Experimental Test of RC Beams under Combined Shear and Torsion." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.355.

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Studying the RC beams’ behavior, when they are exposed to combined shear and torsion is one of the most important problems in civil engineering which has been going on for half a century. In this study, to build a suitable set up and to load the beams properly, is of special importance when an area of little bending as the test area is needed in the pure shear and torsion test. In this investigation, based on the primary principle of structure analysis and fixed support, a setup is developed and its efficiency has been evaluated. Also this support system has been tested for five RC beams under the eccentricity of zero (pure shear) to extreme (pure torsion) and its efficiency has been evaluated and confirmed through these five tests.

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Jung, Jaeho, and Jonathan M. Holmes. "Quantitative intraoperative forced torsion traction test." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 19, no. 4 (August 2015): e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.07.019.

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Garcia de Andrade, L. C. "Electron gyroscopes to test torsion gravity?" Il Nuovo Cimento B 109, no. 10 (October 1994): 1123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02723236.

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Thiyyakkandi, Sudheesh, Michael McVay, Peter Lai, and Rodrigo Herrera. "Suitability of jetted and grouted precast pile for supporting mast arm structures." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 9 (September 2017): 1231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0467.

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Jetted and grouted precast piles (JGPPs) are prefabricated piles installed utilizing jetting and pressure grouting. These piles are well-suited for urban environments as they overcome the inherent drawbacks of currently chosen deep foundations (e.g., noise and vibration disturbances due to pile driving, quality control issue with cast-in-place construction). Past studies in a large test chamber facility have shown that JGPPs can support very high axial and torsional loads owing to their improved skin and tip resistances subsequent to the side- and tip-grouting. However, this new pile has not yet been implemented in practice due to the lack of field verification of its constructability as well as load resistance. This paper presents the full-scale field construction of two JGPPs and the load test program performed to investigate the applicability of the new pile as a foundation for miscellaneous structures. As such structures are subjected to high torsion and lateral load during severe wind-loading (e.g., hurricanes), the test program included combined torsion and lateral loading as well as simple lateral loading. An actual pole – mast arm assembly was used in the coupled torsion and lateral load test to simulate the typical field-loading scenario. The load was applied using a crane and the pile’s rotations and translations were monitored using the novel instrumentation systems. The field tests showed that JGPPs possess high torsion and lateral resistances compared to identically sized drilled shafts, which is a common foundation type used for such structures. The two methods available for predicting axial resistance of the new pile are found to be suitable for the estimation of torsional resistance as well. It was also found that the concurrent application of torsion significantly reduces lateral resistance of the new pile foundation as observed for drilled shafts. In general, the study reveals that the JGPPs are well-suited foundations for miscellaneous structures.

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Joh, Changbin, Imjong Kwahk, Jungwoo Lee, In-Hwan Yang, and Byung-Suk Kim. "Torsional Behavior of High-Strength Concrete Beams with Minimum Reinforcement Ratio." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (January 17, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1432697.

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Although there is a growing trend to use higher strength for concrete and steel in reinforced concrete structures due to the lightness and slenderness of these members together with the simplified arrangement of their reinforcement, there is still the necessity to inspect the reduction of ductility resulting from the gain in strength. Taking into account that this also concerns the design for torsion, this study intends to investigate the regulations related to the torsional minimum reinforcement ratio in view of the minimum ductility requirement with focus on Eurocode 2. To that goal, the relation between the torsional cracking moment and the ductile behavior is discussed for the beam reinforced with the minimum torsional reinforcement ratio to examine the eventual properness of the minimum torsional reinforcement ratio recommended by Eurocode 2. Moreover, a pure torsion test is performed on 18 beams made of 80 MPa concrete reinforced by high-strength bars with rectangular section and various test variables involving the minimum torsional reinforcement ratio, the transverse-to-longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and the total reinforcement ratio. As a result, for the high-strength concrete beams, the minimum torsional reinforcement ratio recommended by Eurocode 2 was insufficient to prevent the sudden loss of strength after the initiation of the torsional cracking. But with regard to the compatibility torsion of statically indeterminate structure, the adoption of the minimum torsional reinforcement ratio recommended by Eurocode 2 might secure enough deformability under displacement-controlled mode to allow the redistribution of the torsional moment.

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Kim, Y. D., H. K. Yang, and J.-M. Hwang. "Development of a simple computerized torsion test to quantify subjective ocular torsion." Eye 31, no. 11 (June 16, 2017): 1562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2017.90.

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Marciniak, Zbigniew, and Dariusz Rozumek. "Fatigue Crack Growth Rate under Different Bending to Torsion Ratios in 10HNAP Steel." Key Engineering Materials 465 (January 2011): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.465.187.

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The paper contains the fatigue test results of rectangular cross-section specimens made of 10HNAP steel. The specimen height to width ratio was 1.5. Bending with torsion tests were carried out for the following ratios of bending to torsional moments MaB / MaT = 0.47, 0.94, 1.87 and the loading frequency 26.5 Hz. The tests were performed in a high cycle fatigue regime for the stress ratio R = - 1 and phase shift between bending and torsion loading equal to  = 0.

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Fang, Shu-juan, and Qing-tao Lv. "EPS Sensor Torsion Bar Design and Structure Analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 04051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823204051.

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Torsion bar design is very important on Electrical power steering(EPS) development. The mathematical model and structure for torsion bar are developed, and the torsion bar outer spline is cancelled based on the automotive parameters. This kind of structure leads to cost down and time saving on torsion bar manufacturing process. The 3D model and finite element on sub-EPS(torsion bar, input shaft, output shaft) are developed, and then do the contact nonlinear analysis based on interference between torsion bar and output shaft. The EPS structure and test reliability according to function test and durability test are verified and the test results are passed.

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Kim, Jungyun. "Launching Performance Analysis of a Continuously Variable Transmission Vehicle With Different Torsional Couplings." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1814387.

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This article describes the launching behaviors of passenger cars equipped with continuously variable transmission (CVT), which have different torsional couplings: a torsion damper and a dual mass flywheel. To reduce the driveline vibration and noise, a torsional coupling is installed in the CVT vehicle, in which the wet type multiplate clutch is used as a start device. In addition, a torsional coupling makes considerable effects on the launching performance of a vehicle. The launching performances, considered here, are the acceleration performance with various throttle positions and the transient characteristics of vehicle creep and throttle tip-in. By using the mathematical models of each driveline component, we developed a simulation program to investigate the launching performance in various launching conditions. In order to verify our simulation program, we performed the road test of a prototype vehicle that has torsion damper as a torsional coupling. Finally, we analyzed and compared the launching performances in two cases of a torsion damper and a dual mass flywheel using the developed simulation program.

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Jian, Ranran, Weimin Yang, Mohini Sain, Chuanwei Zhang, and Lupeng Wu. "Design and Ductile Behavior of Torsion Configurations in Material Extrusion to Enhance Plasticizing and Melting." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183181.

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In the present work, the ductile formation mechanism of a newly proposed torsion configuration has been investigated. One of the unique attributes of this paper is the first-time disclosure of the design and fabrication of a novel prototype screw with torsional flow character validating the orthogonal test model experimentally. The torsional spiral flow patterns that occurred in the torsion channel cause a ductile deformation of polymer in the form of a spiral, which in turn enhances the radial convection, achieving an effective mass transfer of material from the top region to the bottom region and vice versa. Furthermore, the characteristic parameters of torsion configuration have a significant influence on the plasticizing and melting capability of polymer. By range analysis and weight matrix analysis, the best factor and level combination was obtained. Results indicated that the aspect ratio of the torsion channel is almost equal to 1, and the plasticizing and melting capability of polymer is optimal. This novel design innovation offers a paradigm shift in the energy-efficient plasticization of polymer compounds.

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Kiss, Imre, and Vasile Alexa. "Study on Deformation Behavior of Non–Hardenable Austenitic Stainless Steel (Grade X5CrNi18–10) by Hot Torsion Tests." Tehnički glasnik 14, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20200317151347.

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The steel’s deformation resistance, in which high strain rates have an important influence on the mechanism of failure, might be obtained from a suitably instrumented torsion test. Determination of stainless steel deformability by hot torsion test is the only method that allows obtaining large deformations along the length of the test specimen, so it is mainly used to determine the characteristics at large plastic deformations. By this method, the hot deformability of stainless steel is determined by subjecting to hot torsion the cylindrical stainless steel specimens maintained at the deformation temperature in a tubular oven belonging to the Laboratory of Metal Rolling and Plastic Deformation, at the Faculty of Engineering – Hunedoara, University Politehnica Timişoara. For the experimental hot torsion tests, several stainless steel grades were used and included in a large series of studies destined to determining the deformation behavior of steel. Having in view the previous results obtained in the study of deformability characteristics of two stainless steels (hardenable martensitic stainless steel, grade X46Cr13 and non–hardenable ferritic stainless steel, grade X6Cr17), this paper includes the results of the hot torsion tests conducted to find the deformation behavior of the non–hardenable austenitic stainless steel (grade X5CrNi18–10). For analysis of laboratory hot torsion tests results the univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used, estimating the relationships among the hot–testing temperature, torque moment and number of torsions up to the breaking point of the specimens of austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, the optimum range of heating temperatures applied for deforming the studied steels results clearly from the deformability – temperature (plasticity – temperature and deformation resistance – temperature) diagrams. Correlations are useful because they can indicate a predictive relationship that can be exploited in the laboratory or industrial practice.

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Zhu, Mingqiao, Zefeng Yan, Lin Chen, Zhongliang Lu, and Y. Frank Chen. "Experimental study on composite mechanical properties of a double-deck prestressed concrete box girder." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 12 (May 22, 2019): 2545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219845150.

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A series of tests were carried out on a scaled (1:8) double-deck prestressed concrete box girder in this study, aiming to study the structural response and failure mechanism of the box girder under prestressed axial compression, transverse bending, and torsion. The test results, such as the twist angle, crack development, and distortion of the box girder, were analyzed in detail. The results show that (1) the box girder eventually suffered lateral bending damage, and the cross-section of the support distorted severely; (2) torsional cracking occurred in the pure torsion region at the mid-span, but the longitudinal and transverse rebars did not yield, indicating that the pure torsion section of the box girder was still in the early stage of torsion failure; and (3) after the cracking of the box girder, stress redistribution phenomenon occurred, resulting in obvious nonlinear strain variations. Comparison of the longitudinal and transverse steel strains showed that transverse steel withstood the most shear stress during the early stage of torsion.

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Erpalov, Mikhail V., and E. A. Kungurov. "Examination of Hardening Curves Definition Methods in Torsion Test." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.598.

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Torsion tests allow studying the rheological properties of materials over a wide range of strain and strain rate values, as well as temperature. A key moment in construction of hardening curves is the interpretation of experimental data, which are usually the torque – angle of twist curves. However, there is a number of independent methods to obtain interpretation of experimental data. In addition, there is no single approach to determining the degree of equivalent strain in torsion test. The aim of this paper is to review existing hardening curves definition methods in torsion test and to examine them with the use of finite element modelling.

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Martins, Renata de Castro, Maria Guiomar de Azevedo Bahia, and Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono. "The Influence of Cyclic Straining in Torsion on Fatigue Resistance and Torsional Properties of ProTaper NiTi Endodontic Instruments." Materials Science Forum 643 (March 2010): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.643.79.

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This study evaluated the influence of cyclic straining in torsion on fatigue resistance and torsional properties of ProTaper (S1, S2, F1, F2, F3) NiTi instruments. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by means of torsion and bending tests, performed according to ISO 3630-1 specification, while the fatigue resistance was evaluated using a bench test device employing an artificial canal with 5mm curvature radius and angle of curvature of 45º. The dimensional aspects, diameter (D3) and cross-sectional area (A3) at 3mm from the tip of the instruments were determined by means of image analysis of optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface characteristics of instruments before and after they were submitted to cyclic straining in torsion and the morphological aspects of the fractured surfaces were analyzed by SEM. The maximum torque and the bending moment at 45º were higher for instruments with larger D3 and A3. The F1 and F2 instruments followed the Coffin-Manson’s relation, i.e., their number of cycles to failure (NCF) varied inversely with the strain amplitude. With the exception of S1 and S2 instruments, there was a tendency of decreasing the maximum torque after the instruments have been submitted to cyclic straining in torsion. With the exception of S1 instruments, there was a tendency of decreasing the NCF after torsional cycling. The analyses by SEM showed the presence of longitudinal cracks on the instruments previously cycled in torsion. The morphological aspects of the fractured surfaces of instruments tested in torsion or flexural fatigue did not changed by the cyclic straining in torsion. These changes in mechanical properties with torsional cycling can be related to the generation of imperfections such as longitudinal cracks on the instruments.

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PENNINGTON, J. TIMOTHY, and FU-SHIANG CHIA. "GASTROPOD TORSION: A TEST OF GARSTANG'S HYPOTHESIS." Biological Bulletin 169, no. 2 (October 1985): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1541490.

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Nomura, K., T. Shirafuji, and K. Hayashi. "Spinning Test Particles in Spacetime with Torsion." Progress of Theoretical Physics 86, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 1239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp/86.6.1239.

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Hoffman, Justine, and Jae W. Park. "Improved Torsion Test Using Molded Surimi Gels." Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 10, no. 2 (June 2001): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j030v10n02_07.

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Furch, Jan, and Quy Hung Nguyen. "Lifetime Test of Tracked Vehicle Torsion Bars using Monte Carlo Method." Emerging Science Journal 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01238.

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The article deals with the service life of torsion bars in tracked vehicles. The aim of the article is to show the suitability of accelerated tests and modelling for determining the service life of torsion bars, which takes many years in real operation. The design of a test bench for accelerated tests is presented together with limiting conditions, which were afterwards verified. Subsequently, a virtual model of the torsion bar of a tracked vehicle was created with the help of finite elements. Dynamic modelling was performed by MSC Adams software with a module using finite elements. Furthermore, the article shows the possibility of using the Monte Carlo method to determine the service life of torsion bars of tracked vehicles. The Monte Carlo utility of Accelerated Life Testing Analysis (ALTA) software is used to obtain failure data at specified test stress levels. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, one data set is generated containing values that are arranged in dependence on the specific lifetime distribution of the Weibull distribution. Finally, a comparison of the experiment with the calculated values is performed. The results obtained can be used to compile an accelerated test plan. This modelling design saves a lot of money and time to determine the life of the torsion bar in tracked vehicles.

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Tian, Tie, Xing Zi Mao, and Lin Mi. "Present Status of Damping Test Techniques for Magnesium Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.85.

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The present situation of damping capacity for magnesium alloys test techniques and its equipment were reviewed. Because there were many types of test equipment, So it pointed out the suitability of all testing equipment and schemes for damping testing of magnesium alloys. And based on the research results of dislocation damping mechanism of magnesium alloys. The author holds that test scheme for torsional deformation of torsion pendulum and test scheme for bending and shearing deformation of dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer meet high-precision test requirements for non-linear damping capacity of magnesium alloys. The study make great value for testing damping of magnesium alloys and reflecting their damping advantage.

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Nastitip, Geminingsih, Teuku Budi Aulia, and Muttaqin Muttaqin. "ANALISIS KAPASITAS PUNTIR ELEMEN BALOK BETON MUTU TINGGI DENGAN SUBSTITUSI ADITIF, AGREGAT HALUS SERTA AGREGAT KASAR (PENGGUNAAN FLY ASH BATU BARA, PASIR POZZOLAN DAN CANGKANG SAWIT)." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 1, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v1i3.11782.

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Along with the construction development which is not symmetrical and both the column and the beam made small then the torsion load highly affect the building structure. The torsion load often occurs in the building components such as beam, column and the joint of column and beam. The loads of floor plates and small beam will create a torsion moment on the certain beam. Earthquake can cause dangerous torsion force in all elements of building constructions. Like the load outside the center of the mass in which the torsion stress can be very high. This research aims to find out the torsion capacity on hybrid high performance concrete beam element in which the hybrid high performance concrete using additive alternative materials, by using 7 test objects variations, the size of the test objects used is 20 x 25 x 120 cm3 and the test done for 28 days of concrete period. From the test output obtained that the highest torsion moment found out in Test object number 6 (BU6) using pozzolanic fly Ash (10%) + fine aggregate of the sand pozzolan (10%) + coarse aggregate of palm kernel shell (40%) + Nano material filler of iron ore as 10.4 kNm. The highest torsion angle is also created on BU6 as 0,0246 rad. The concrete performance highly affects the torsion strength, the highest concrete performance is found out from BU6 which is 59,48 MPa.

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Schettino, Giulia, Daniele Serra, Giacomo Tommei, and Vincenzo Di Pierri. "A Test of Gravitational Theories Including Torsion with the BepiColombo Radio Science Experiment." Universe 6, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6100175.

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Within the framework of the relativity experiment of the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury, which was launched at the end of 2018, we describe how a test of alternative theories of gravity, including torsion can be set up. Following March et al. (2011), the effects of a non-vanishing spacetime torsion have been parameterized by three torsion parameters, t1, t2, and t3. These parameters can be estimated within a global least squares fit, together with a number of parameters of interest, such as post-Newtonian parameters γ and β, and the orbits of Mercury and the Earth. The simulations have been performed by means of the ORBIT14 orbit determination software, which was developed by the Celestial Mechanics Group of the University of Pisa for the analysis of the BepiColombo radio science experiment. We claim that the torsion parameters can be determined by means of the relativity experiment of BepiColombo at the level of some parts in 10−4, which is a significant result for constraining gravitational theories that allow spacetime torsion.

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Ge, Shan, Yu Cheng Yin, and Zhi Qiang Liu. "Development and Application of Test Equipment for Torsion Strength of Non-Metal Materials." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.1.

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In order to determine the torsion strength of non-metal materials at ambient and high temperature, a kind of equipment with inductive heating, infrared thermometer and torque loading by mechanical electrical rider was development. This equipment has advantages such as quick heating, accurate temperature test and controlling, easy controlling and continues of torque loading and test atmosphere can be controlled. The torsion strength of fireclay bricks with sample size of 40 mm × 40 mm × 230 mm, were tested separately at room temperature, 800°C, 1000°C, 1100°C and 1200°C, using this equipment. Results indicated that for the same batch of samples, the torsion strength determined by this equipment has good consistency, and mean while, it was found that the torsion strength decreased with the increase of test temperature obviously. In additional, developed equipment could be used for the determination of torsion creep at high temperature, the highest temperature of fracture under certain torque during the heating process, torque cycle fatigue failure of materials and so on.

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Macikowski, Krzysztof, Bogdan Warda, Grzegorz Mitukiewicz, Zlatina Dimitrova, and Damian Batory. "Change in the Torsional Stiffness of Rectangular Profiles under Bending Stress." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072567.

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This article presents the results of research on the change in torsional stiffness of two rectangular profiles, arranged one on top of the other, which were permanently connected at their ends. The flat bars were expanded in the middle of their active length. The test involved determining the increase in the stiffness of a twisted test set before and after expanding. The authors present an analysis of the structure load and compare the results of tests carried out using analytical (for selected cases), numerical and experimental methods, obtaining satisfactory compliance. The analytical calculations included the influence of limited deplanation in the areas of the profile’s restraint. The ANSYS package software was used for calculations with the Finite Element Method. A change in the stiffness increase index at torsion was determined. The obtained results showed that expanding the test sets in their middle causes an increase in torsional stiffness, which is strongly dependent on the design parameters such as bending deflection, torsion angle and dimensions of the cross-section of the flat bar in the package.

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42

Zhou, Hong Xia, and Bin Liu. "Characteristics Analysis and Optimization of Flying-Wing Vehicle Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1077 (December 2014): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.177.

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To study structural characteristics of flying-wing vehicle, static and dynamic model of half wing span, static and dynamic model of all wing span, optimization model were established. Based on associated static test and ground resonance test data, these models were modified to implement static, dynamic and optimization analysis. Results demonstrated that structural bending and torsional deformations are mainly at outer wing surface. Torsion at inner wing is positive, while torsion at outer wing is negative. Total spar axial force along the wing span increases gradually from inner wing to outer wing and then decreases gradually after reaching the inner-outer wing interface. After axial force is transmitted to the inner wing, it is going to concentrate at the rear spar obviously. Structural bending rigidity and torsional rigidity satisfy requirements of both static force and flutter, without flutter problem of main structural mode. Viewed from the optimization size, ±45° and 0° skin at inner-outer wing turn thickens significantly. This can increase structural bending and torsional rigidity, which is good for satisfying multiple constraints comprehensively.

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Wang, Qing-Li, Hang-Cheng Gao, and Kuan Peng. "Study of the Behavior of Square Concrete-Filled CFRP Steel Tubular under a Bending-Torsion Load." Polymers 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071472.

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To study the behavior of square concrete-filled CFRP (carbon fiber polymer) steel tubular under bending-torsional load, nine square section concrete-filled CFRP steel tubular specimens are designed. The T-θ curve and failure mode of square concrete-filled CFRP steel tubular are studied under a bending-torsional load. Based on the test results, a finite element modeling method is proposed by using the finite element software ABAQUS, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the simulation is in good agreement with the experimental results. On the basis of verifying the reliability of the model, the whole stress process and parameter analysis of the component are studied, and the calculation expression of bearing capacity of square concrete-filled CFRP steel tubular under bending-torsion load is proposed. The predicted specimen-bearing capacity of the proposed calculation expression of the bearing capacity of square concrete-filled CFRP steel tubular under bending-torsion load is basically consistent with the test results.

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Bonder, Yuri. "Torsion or not torsion, that is the question." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 12 (October 2016): 1644013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816440132.

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A hypothesis of general relativity (GR) is that spacetime torsion vanishes identically. This assumption has no empirical support; in fact, a nonvanishing torsion is compatible with all the experimental tests of GR. The first part of this essay specifies the framework that is suitable to test the vanishing-torsion hypothesis, and an interesting relation with the gravitational degrees of freedom is suggested. In the second part, some original empirical tests are proposed based on the observation that torsion induces new interactions between different spin-polarized particles.

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Ritchie, S. J. K., and P. S. Leevers. "Non-uniform and dynamic torsion of elastic beams Part 2: The double torsion test." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 34, no. 5 (July 1999): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324991513650.

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Kong, L. G., and L. M. Zhang. "Experimental study of interaction and coupling effects in pile groups subjected to torsion." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 7 (July 2008): 1006–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-038.

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Piles in a pile group subjected to torsion simultaneously mobilize lateral and torsional resistances. Hence, complicated pile–soil–pile interaction effects and load deformation coupling effects occur in the pile group. In this study, a series of centrifuge model tests were carried out to investigate these effects in three-diameter spaced 1 × 2, 2 × 2, and 3 × 3 pile groups subjected to torsion in both loose and dense sands. The test results showed that the effect of horizontal movement of a pile on lateral behaviors of its adjacent piles is significant in 3 × 3 pile groups and such effect varies with group configuration and pile position. The p-multiplier concept can be used to quantify the effect and values for the p-multiplier are suggested. The effect of lateral movement of a pile on the torsional resistances of its adjacent piles and the effect of torsional movement of a pile on the lateral resistances of its adjacent piles were found to be minor in these tests. For an individual pile in a pile group subjected to torsion, the mobilized lateral resistance was found to substantially increase the torsional resistance of the pile. Such a coupling effect is quantified by a coupling coefficient, β, which describes the contribution of subgrade reaction to the increase of torsional shear resistance.

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Zhang, Dongdong, Feng Li, Qilin Zhao, and Yingchang Duan. "Analytical solutions of the torsional mechanism for a new hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–aluminum twin-trackway space truss bridge." Advances in Structural Engineering 19, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 1832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216656196.

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For emergency purposes, a lightweight space truss bridge was designed. The bridge is composed of twin triangular deck-truss beams incorporating new structural forms and advanced fiber-reinforced polymer profiles. As a new structure, the structural properties of its triangular deck-truss beam have been studied in detail; however, a design-oriented study facilitating the application of the entire twin-trackway bridge under pure torsion remains to be undertaken. The objective of this article is to analytically explore the torsional mechanism of the twin-trackway bridge, which is characterized by torsional angle and torsional stiffness. To verify the derivation procedures and formulae, the pure torsion test and numerical analysis are conducted on a full-scale specimen. The results indicate that the analytical solutions compare well with the experimental and numerical results. The torsional moment is primarily resisted by the vertical bending of twin triangular deck-truss beams. The simplified analytical model can be used with sufficient accuracy for the design of the bridge.

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Rosiak, M. "The Results Of Consolidation Of Sinters Being Deformed Under Complex Loading Condition." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 1197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0151.

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Abstract The paper deals with the analysis of the possible application of deformation to sinters under uniaxial compression combined with oscillatory torsion. The main problem of the technology relating to the manufacturing of heavy duty machine components using metal powders is associated with the difficulty to obtain sufficiently high, homogeneously distributed densities across the product volume. The tests were carried out using a test stand allowing the deformation under uniaxial compression combined with torsion. The sintered test specimens were made from the NC 100.24 iron powder. The fabricated sintered test specimens were subject to deformation under the uniaxial compression combined with oscillatory torsion, at three different torsion angle values α = ±30; ±50; ±70 respectively. In order to investigate the effect of different torsion frequencies, each test was made at each torsion angle α for at three different frequencies f = 1 Hz; 0.71Hz; 0.32Hz, respectively, and at the same compression velocity. The results obtained allow to conclude that the application of the combined uniaxial compression and oscillatory torsion (for the preset value of draft) during the tests permitted to obtain the average density of the sinters greater than that obtainable in the case of only unconstrained uniaxial compression. The effect of increased density was enhanced by both the additional torsion-induced deformation, and the tangential stress which would promote the closing of pores.

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Bao, Wu. "The Design of Torsional Fatigue Life Test of Vehicle Steering Driveshaft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.310.

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The torsion fatigue life test which aimed at the automotive steering shaft designs the test bed of micro-controller based on PIC16F877 and makes the accurate test methods possible. The installation of a torque sensor in series with the magnetic particle brake can detect feedback on the test load. A serial port communication between micro-controller and programmable power supply can automatically adjust the output of current size of programmable power supply, and make torsional load output by the magnetic particle brake constant. The system is not only accurate in statistics testing and capable of memorizing the number of tests but also low cost and of practical value.

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Leski, Andrzej, Wojciech Wronicz, Piotr Kowalczyk, Michał Szmidt, Robert Klewicki, Karol Włodarczyk, and Grzegorz Uliński. "Modular Test Stand for Fatigue Testing of Aeronautical Structures – Verification of Assumptions." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2020, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2020-0008.

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Abstract The Modular Test Stand was developed and manufactured to decrease the cost of fatigue testing and reduce the time of its completion as well as to enable testing specimens under more complex load conditions. The stand consists of three connected sections, similar to a wing box, all being loaded in the same way. Thanks to that, several specimens can be tested simultaneously. This configuration requires that stress and strain distribution should be reasonably uniform, as assumed in the design stage. The structure can be loaded with bending or torsion. A whole section, selected structural node or a specimen mounted in the structure as well as a repair or a sensor can be a test object. Two stands, one for bending and one for torsion were prepared. This paper presents the verification of the assumed strain and stress distributions on the skin panels. The measurements were performed with the use of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) as well as strain gauges. DIC measurements were performed on one skin panel of the central section. Five strain gauge rosettes were installed on both panels of the one section. In addition, one rosette was applied to one skin panel in each of two other sections. Measurements were performed on the stand for torsion as well as on the stand for bending. The results of DIC analysis and strain gauge measurement during torsion show uniform shearing strain distributions on the panels. During bending, on the tensioned side, the strains obtained indicate quite uniform strain distributions. On the compressed side, local buckling of the skin panels results in high strain gradients. Strain levels obtained with the use of a DIC analysis and strain gauge measurements were similar. Moreover, horizontal displacements of markers in the spar axis during bending was determined based on a series of photographic. The deflection line obtained in this way has a shape similar to arc, which is characteristic of the constant bending moment. The stand was tested with torsional and bending loads in order to verify the design assumptions. The results of strain distributions on the skin panels with the use of DIC and strain gauges as well as the deflection line of the spar axis indicate that the Modular Test Stand performs as assumed and can be used for tests.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Torsion test'

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