To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tort liability.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tort liability'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tort liability.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ward, S. L. "Tort liability of nonprofit governing boards /." New York [u.a.] : Garland, 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/277567513.pdf.
Full text
2
Dubiel, David M. "Police fears of liability : an omnipresent threat? /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000484/02/1939FT.htm.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: Jennifer Hedlund. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62). Also available via the World Wide Web.
3
Enteen, Aaron Lewis. "Elementary classroom teachers' knowledge of tort liability for negligence." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3277.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research study was to investigate the legal knowledge of Florida's public elementary classroom teachers in the area of tort liability for negligence. A second purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of school law in the area of negligence according to specific variables to determine if significant differences in knowledge existed among groups of teachers classified by: years of teaching experience, whether or not teachers took a school law course or inservice, college degree held and whether or not teachers had administrative experience. A validated survey instrument consisting of 22 scenarios based on decided court cases in the United States was utilized. These cases included court decisions ranging from 1938-1994, and represented the categories of duty and standard of care, proper instruction, proper supervision, proper maintenance, field trips, and post-injury treatment.
A random sample of 420 elementary classroom teachers were sent the survey instrument to complete, and a total of 309 surveys were returned producing a return rate of 77%. The results of this research study revealed that the overall level of legal knowledge of public elementary classroom teachers in the State of Florida produced a mean percent correct of 53%. The range of scores varied from 18%-82%, with the approximate average of correct answers of 12 out of 22. The category of proper instruction produced the lowest mean percent correct of 35%, and the area of post-injury treatment yielded the highest mean percent correct of 78%.
The findings of this study emphasize the necessity of preparing teachers regarding their legal rights, duties and responsibilities. The need for teachers to receive training at the preservice and inservice levels has become clear by this study.
4
Beuermann, Christine. "Strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149683.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis adopts a novel approach to resolving the present difficulties experienced by the courts in determining whether to impose strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort. It looks beyond the traditional classifications of 'vicarious liability' and 'liability for breach of a non-delegable duty of care' and for the first time seeks to explain all instances of strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort in terms of the various relationships in which the courts impose such liability. The thesis shows that, despite appearances, there is a unifying feature to the various relationships in which the courts currently impose strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort. That feature is authority. Whenever the courts impose strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort, the defendant is either vested with authority over the person who wrongfully harmed the plaintiff or has vested or conferred a form of authority upon that person in respect of the plaintiff. This thesis uses this feature of authority to construct a new expositive framework within which strict liability for the wrongdoing of another in tort can be understood. - provided by Candidate.
5
Lacefield, Kevin Lee. "A Legal Analysis of Litigation Against Oklahoma Educators and School Districts under the Oklahoma Governmental Tort Claims Act." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28446/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation analyzed public court decisions in cases against Oklahoma school districts and their employees involving sovereign immunity claims filed under Oklahoma's Governmental Tort Claims Act. The questions addressed were: (1) How have the Oklahoma courts interpreted the Governmental Tort Claims Act, (Okla. Stat. tit. 51 § 151 et seq.) in litigation against school districts and their employees? (2) What are the limits of immunity protection for Oklahoma school districts and their employees? (3) How has the statute of limitations in Okla. Stat. tit. 51 § 156 and Okla. Stat. tit. 51 § 157 been applied to Oklahoma educators in tort litigation? This dissertation utilized legal research as the methodology to answer the research questions. Chapter II provides a review of existing literature regarding sovereign immunity in the United States. Chapter III is a comprehensive study of Oklahoma sovereign immunity cases filed against Oklahoma school districts and educators under the Governmental Tort Claims Act with regard to negligence, corporal punishment and the statute of limitations. Chapter IV discusses the findings of the analysis of cases in Oklahoma and the amount of protection afforded to Oklahoma school districts and educators.
6
Feng, Xue. "Corporate liability towards tort victims in the personal injury context." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/39748.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines approaches to establishing liability in corporate groups. It considers the problem that arises when an insolvent subsidiary's tort creditors suffer personal injury, and try to pursue recourse against other group companies - especially the parent company. Courts have tried to provide answers regarding the parent company's liability for the torts of their subsidiaries, but have had limited success. The thesis reveals difficulty in extending liability to the parent company by way of insolvency law provisions, and by piercing the corporate veil. It recounts the hesitation of the courts in broadening their perspective beyond individual companies, so as to take the group itself as the responsible entity. The thesis points, furthermore, to shortcomings in proposals for a new rule of unlimited pro rata liability. Motivated by the inadequacy of current solutions to this pressing group problem, the thesis explores alternative tort law remedies under an approach suggested by the Supreme Court in the leading cases of VTB Capital Plc v Nutritek International Corp and others and Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd. Chapter III discusses the role of tort of negligence in establishing the parent company's liability. The work analyses case law decisions on how to widen the application of negligence in the corporate group context, and compares UK law with relevant United States' and Australian case law. Since this group problem involves multiple legal entities, Chapters IV and V evaluate the possibility of using the doctrine of joint tortfeasance and/or the theory of vicarious liability in establishing the parent company's liability for its subsidiary company's torts. These two doctrines' extensions in corporate tort cases are seldom discussed in the literature. To conclude, tort law solutions, especially the doctrines of tort of negligence and joint tortfeasance based on participations are recommended to be further developed for corporate tort problems.
7
Schlag, Jenny Melanie. "Tort law liability of directors and officers towards third party creditors : a comparative study of common and civil law with special focus on Canada and Germany." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81234.
Full textAbstract:
Where individuals standing outside of the corporation have been harmed by the acts of one of its directors or officers, the question becomes whether they have only a claim against the corporation or whether they may have also a personal claim against the executive inflicting the harm on them.The issue of how far it should be possible to hold directors and officers personally liable for tort has been a contested one and even courts within one and the same jurisdiction provide different solutions. On the one hand, there is the general basic principle that individuals causing harm to others should be held responsible. On the other hand, the fact that directors and officers act as agents on behalf of the corporation might call for an exception to this basic tort law principle.
This thesis will compare the solutions proposed by Common law (with focus on the law of Ontario) and German law as an example of a Civil law jurisdiction. An attempt will be made to see in how far the proposed solutions are consistent with legal principles like the separate legal entity of the corporation and the concept of limited liability as well as with arguments related to economic efficiency.
8
McIvor, Claire Marie. "Liability in tort for the acts of third parties : a search for coherence." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3693/.
Full textAbstract:
The circumstances in English tort law in which one person may be held non-vicariously liable for the acts of another have been quietly expanding in recent years, to the point where third party liability can now be said to constitute a distinct category of tortuous liability. As an obviously exceptional form of liability, it is subject to special restrictions designed to strictly limit the specific instances in which it will be recognised. Unfortunately, however, the exact substance and scope of these restrictions are far from clear, for there has been a systematic failure on the part of the courts in deciding third-party liability actions to articulate with any precision the grounds upon which their findings have been based. As a result, the law on third party tort liability has developed on an ad hoc basis and has become confused and incoherent. The specific purpose of this thesis is thus to seek out the foundational principles governing the existing categories of liability in tort for the acts of third parties, with a view to identifying a coherent basis upon which such liability can develop in the future.
9
Judd, Terry W. "Volunteer Labor Supply and Liability of Volunteers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36591.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines factors affecting volunteer labor supply with two specific goals: (1) a reassessment of the model and empirical process outlined by Paul Menchik and Burton Weisbrod using a larger data set from a more recent time period; and (2) an exploration of how volunteer labor supply is affected by liability exposure of volunteers, a factor which Menchik and Weisbrod did not address.Data from a nationwide 1992 poll on volunteering conducted by the Gallup Organization and Independent Sector is applied to the quantitative approach which Menchik and Weisbrod used on data from 1977. Tobit regression analysis finds significance in some variables in the Menchik and Weisbrod model -- including variables relating to gender, offspring, education, religiosity, and parental attitudes to giving. Volunteer liability exposure has been a subject of debate in the U.S. Congress and other public policy arenas, and the Volunteer Liability Protection Act became law in 1997. The volunteer liability factor is measured in two ways -- using the variability of certain legal protections for line volunteers among state laws and using per capita tort filings per state as a "litigousness index." The "litigousness index" variable demonstrated value in predicting volunteer labor supply, which suggests that potential volunteers respond to a more generalized rather than activity-specific threat of lawsuits. Individuals' information searches probably do not go as far as to examine legal provisions affecting their specific activities.Master of Arts
10
Bracey, Karen Elizabeth. "Implications of tort law on professional liability in the design and construction industries." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03142009-040444/.
Full text
11
Mineiro, Michael C. "Commercial human space flight in the United States : federal licensing and tort liability." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111580.
Full textAbstract:
In the early 21st century, the private commercial space transportation industry demonstrated that commercial human space flight is both technologically and economically feasible. In 2004, the United States Congress responded by passing legislation authorizing the Department of Transportation to license and regulates commercial human space flight.This thesis examines and assesses the U.S. commercial human space flight vehicle licensing and regulatory law. Tort liability is inextricably linked to the success of the commercial human space flight industry and to that end this thesis provides an analysis of U.S. tort liability law in the event of a commercial human space flight vehicle accident.
12
Lilienthal, Gary I. "The development of the tort of passing-off." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/886.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the historical development of the tort of passing-off. Morison said that the term “passing off” indicates the act of offering goods for sale with an accompanying misrepresentation, either by words or by conduct as to the origin of the goods, whereby the purchaser has been misled and business has been diverted from the plaintiff to the defendant.1 It is called a strict liability tort because the plaintiff does not need to show any wrongful intention on the part of the defendant, fraud apparently having been abandoned as an element for proof in the tort of passing-off.The composite research question of the thesis is in two parts, as follows: ‘Has the historical development of the tort of passing off resulted in the tort becoming a strict liability tort? If so, why and how did this development take place?'The tort of passing-off derives from the direct rule by the English Kings of earlier times, and was developed both as a general regulatory instrument to control industry, and in particular to make industry more war-ready.2 The tort of passing-off has a very substantial history in the jurisprudence of the medieval and late middle ages craft gilds and counties of the United Kingdom. The purpose of this thesis is to set out how the tort developed from the ordinances of gild and county jurisprudence into the royal courts, and to see whether, why and how from that form of development it developed as a strict liability tort.
13
Johnson, Tracy Lou. "An Analysis of Legal Liability of Virginia Educators and School Systems." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505215/.
Full textAbstract:
The doctrine of sovereign immunity in the Commonwealth of Virginia has evolved over time and the redefinition of the doctrine has been subjected to the interpretation by courts involving cases with varied facts and circumstances that have challenged the boundaries and flexibility of this legal concept. Determining the protection that a state agent was entitled to was the guiding principle in case law regarding sovereign immunity; however, understanding the purpose and intent of the doctrine of sovereign immunity was critical to determining the boundaries and criteria of the doctrine of immunity. In this dissertation, the researcher analyzed tort law as it applied to educators and public-school districts through the Virginia court system under common law and the Virginia Tort Claims Act (VTCA, 1981). The case analysis provided an overview of lawsuits heard and decisions rendered in negligence cases brought against educators and educational entities prior to and after the enactment of the Virginia Tort Claims Act in 1981.
14
Pappalardo, Kylie M. "A tort law framework for copyright authorisation." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102226/1/Kylie%20Pappalardo%2C%20A%20Tort%20Law%20Framework%20for%20Copyright%20Authorisation.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis considers whether, and in what circumstances, internet services providers should be held liable when internet users download and share copyright infringing film and music files. The research draws from the law’s focus on personal responsibility to argue that ISPs should only be under a duty to take steps to prevent infringement where they have created the risk of infringement or where they have significant control over the primary infringers and their actions. Concepts of fault, responsibility, causation and control are analysed in the context of copyright and negligence cases to provide a robust analytical framework for determining copyright liability in the online environment.
15
Giancoli, Brunno Pandori. "Função punitiva da responsabilidade civil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-11022015-123351/.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo tem como propósito compreender a função punitiva da responsabilidade civil no Brasil com suas características e peculiaridades. São desenvolvidos 10 capítulos para a compreensão do tema. Inicia-se uma análise com a compreensão da própria ideia de função. Posteriormente passa-se a uma específicas funções da responsabilidade civil. É realizado, também, uma incursão histórica no campo da responsabilidade civil para entender a origem da função punitiva. Após, realiza-se uma análise das objeções da função punitiva para, posteriormente, desenvolver sua natureza jurídica; seus objetivos; pressupostos e requisitos; a experiência; e o desenvolvimento dogmático em outros países. O estudo percorre, ainda, as técnicas de aplicação da função punitiva, bem como suas fontes positivadas e a sua interpretação jurisprudencial.This study aims to understand the function of punitive liability in Brazil with its characteristics and peculiarities. 10 chapters are developed for the understanding of the topic. Begins with an analysis to understand the very idea of function. Later goes to a specific function of the indemnity. It also conducted a historical foray into the field of civil responsibility to understand the origin of the punitive function. After, we make an analysis of the objections of the punitive function to subsequently develop their legal nature, your goals, requirements and assumptions, the experience, and the dogmatic development in other countries. The study also runs the technical application of the punitive function as well as their sources positivadas and its judicial interpretation.
16
Dively, John A. McCarthy John R. "Tort liability of Illinois school districts, boards of education, and school personnel for student injuries." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9633391.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed May 10, 2006. Dissertation Committee: John R. McCarthy (chair), Marcilene Dutton, Edward R. Hines, David L. Tucker. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-153) and abstract. Also available in print.
17
Saba, John. "The tort liability of the United States government for negligent inspection and certification of aircraft /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72796.
Full text
18
Infantino, Marta. "Comparative Law of causation in Tort Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123595.
Full textAbstract:
this article analyzes the causal element of torts from the perspective of comparative law, focusing on the field of tort liability. Thus, it specifies both the particular aspects of the investigation as well as each legal system studied. then, the article discusses the differences and similarities of each system. Later, it stops on the dominant approaches examining its success on facing the tort phenomenon in order to highlight the essential characteristics that determine the various approaches tort liability can assume.El presente artículo analiza el elemento causal de la responsabilidad civil desde una perspectiva de derecho comparado, haciendo énfasis sobre el campo de la responsabilidad aquiliana. Así, precisando tanto los aspectos particulares de la propia investigación como de cada Ordenamiento Jurídico estudiado, el artículo aborda las diferencias y similitudes de cada Ordenamiento. De esta forma, se detiene sobre los enfoques dominantes examinando la capacidad de los mismos. Ello con la finalidad de evidenciar las características esenciales que determinan los diversos alcances que puede asumir la responsabilidad aquiliana.
19
Pino-Emhart, Alberto. "Apologies and damages : the moral demands of tort law as a reparative mechanism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c1de602-c8a4-4de0-aa6c-4f4e8ec975be.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to justify on moral grounds the existence of tort systems. The argument is that corrective justice is necessary but not sufficient to succeed at this task. Corrective justice is necessary because it is the only principle that can adequately justify the bilateral structure of tort litigation between claimants and defendants, and full compensatory damages as the default remedy in most tort systems. However, it is argued that the critiques to corrective justice lead us to the important lesson that tort law is more than just corrective justice. Three gaps of corrective justice are identified: the equivalence between gains and losses, the definition of what counts as a tort, and the diversity of remedies. The thesis offers a solution to these problems based on the values of restorative and distributive justice. It is argued that restorative justice plays an important role in tort law, providing an apologetic framework for material compensation (the message that money awards communicate), but especially for symbolic remedies, such as apologies, nominal damages, non-pecuniary damages, punitive damages, and gain-based damages, solving the diversity of remedies problem. This restorative framework of tort remedies is compatible with corrective justice. Distributive justice also plays an important role in tort law. Even though corrective and distributive justice are conceptually separate concepts, in the context of tort law they cannot be separated. It is argued that the definition of what counts as a tort involves a distributive task. Following this argument, the thesis argues that there is a distributive uneasiness in tort law, because tort law protects some interests regardless of how they were acquired, and regardless of whether their distribution amounts to an unfair distribution of resources. It is suggested that the distributive mechanism of insurance can solve, or at least ameliorate, this uneasiness.
20
Bouwer, K. A. "Building disappointment : the limits and potential of tort liability for energy efficiency problems in domestic buildings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1517971/.
Full textAbstract:
This interdisciplinary thesis examines the potential for liability in tort in relation to two problems, which recur frequently in energy efficient buildings: energy efficiency failings – the ‘performance gap’ – and summer overheating. It works at the interface between tort theory, climate change litigation and energy efficiency, a key requirement for the mitigation of climate change. It is grounded in two key theoretical perspectives. The conception of private law is pluralist: a structural model of tort based on Cane’s ‘anatomy’: variably protected interests of parties in a correlative relationship. It relies on instrumental approaches to private law, informed by regulatory theory, strongly to emphasise the potential for liability outcomes to frustrate an already weak and poorly enforced policy area. The second theoretical perspective is a conception of climate change as a multiscalar phenomenon, a workable solution to which will require coherent treatment on all levels and across all scales. It highlights the need for ‘climate consciousness’: greater attention on small and more mundane issues that interface with aspects of domestic climate policy. The first half of the thesis explores the research context and encompasses most of the interdisciplinary work. It explains how building energy efficiency might technically be achieved and how problems arise. It explores the governing regulation, including the shortcomings of regulatory enforcement. The second half of the thesis examines doctrinal and theoretical mismatches that could arise in adjudicating the problem areas. The core conclusions include concerns that disputes in this poorly regulated area might undermine decarbonisation and hence, climate change mitigation policy; in addition, ‘climate blind’ litigation can lead to perverse outcomes which reinforce a lack of awareness of both climate adaptation and mitigation policy goals.
21
Zwiefelhofer, Thomas. "Die Sorgfaltspflichten des liechtensteinischen Geldwäschereirechts verglichen mit den entsprechenden Bestimmungen des schweizerischen Rechts /." Zürich : Schulthess, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015610814&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
22
Roth, Louise Marie. "What’s the Rush? Tort Laws and Elective Early-term Induction of Labor." SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622462.
Full textAbstract:
Tort laws aim to deter risky medical practices and increase accountability for harm. This research examines their effects on deterrence of a high-risk obstetric practice in the United States: elective early-term (37-38 weeks gestation) induction of labor. Using birth certificate data from the Natality Detail Files and state-level data from publicly available sources, this study analyzes the effects of tort laws on labor induction with multilevel models (MLM) of 665,491 early-term births nested in states. Results reveal that caps on damages are associated with significantly higher odds of early-term induction and Proportionate Liability (PL) is associated with significantly lower odds compared to Joint and Several Liability (JSL). The findings suggest that clinicians are more likely to engage in practices that defy professional guidelines in tort environments with lower legal burdens. I discuss the implications of the findings for patient safety and the deterrence of high-risk practices.
23
Selelionytė-Drukteinienė, Simona. "Valstybės deliktinės atsakomybės raidos tendencijos." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20081203_090827-58170.
Full textAbstract:
Plečiantis sritims, kuriose valstybė dalyvauja kaip privalomus vykdyti nurodymus duodantis subjektas, sudėtingėjant valstybės aparatui, daugėja atvejų, kai valstybė neužtikrina kvalifikuoto, efektyvaus valstybės pareigūnų darbo ir tai dažnai lemia žalos mažiau teisių santykyje su valstybe turinčiam asmeniui atsiradimą. Kita vertus, valstybei imantis reguliuoti vis daugiau visuomeninio gyvenimo sričių, auga visuomenės pasitikėjimas, kad situacija yra kontroliuojama valstybės institucijų. Tokiose srityse atsiradus žalos kyla pagrįstas visuomenės interesas ieškoti už ją atsakingo. Kadangi valstybė yra išskirtinis, nuolat egzistuojantis teisės subjektas, nukentėjusiajam palanku siekti visų nesėkmių finansinę naštą perkelti į valstybės biudžetą. Dėl to valstybės deliktinės atsakomybės ribos šiuolaikinėje teisinėje valstybėje stipriai plečiasi. Tačiau atlyginant valdžios institucijų sukeltą žalą yra perskirstomi tos pačios visuomenės, kurios dalimi yra nukentėjusysis, materialiniai resursai, todėl kyla klausimas, kiek valstybės atsakomybės plėtros tendencija atitinka pačių nukentėjusiųjų interesus. Disertacija siekiama išanalizuoti valstybės deliktinės atsakomybės raidos tendencijas Europos valstybėse ir JAV, įvertinti tradiciškai šioje srityje taikomos valstybės imuniteto doktrinos pagrįstumą šiuolaikinėje teisinėje valstybėje, valstybės atsakomybės galimybę ir būtinybę srityse, kurios tradiciškai laikytos už civilinės jurisdikcijos ribų, atskleisti plačių valstybės atsakomybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]With the expansion of areas where the state participates as a subject having the right to give mandatory instructions, the state apparatus getting more and more complex, the number of cases when the state fails to ensure efficient, qualified work of the state officials is also increasing. On the other hand, when state takes over more and more areas of public life under its control, at the same time the trust from the society that the situation is controlled by the state institutions grows as well. When damage occurs in such areas a legitimate interest of the society to find the liable for it arises. Since the state is an exclusive subject of law – it does exist all the time – it is very convenient from the point of view of the victim to shift the financial burden of all failures onto the state budget. Therefore the limits of state liability are rapidly expanding in a contemporary state governed by the rule of law principle. Nevertheless, reparation of damage caused by public institutions determines re-distribution of material resources of the same society, a part of which the victim is. Therefore the question of how far the expansion of state liability limits corresponds to the interests even of the same plaintiffs arises. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development trends of the state liability in tort in European countries and the United States of America, to evaluate the justification of the state immunity doctrine in the modern legal state, traditionally... [to full text]
24
Merkel, Dany. "Congenital disability, medical negligence and wrongful life actions, the limits of liability in Anglo-American tort law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/MQ46035.pdf.
Full text
25
McDaniel, Rick R. "A Legal Analysis of Litigation Against Georgia Educators and School Districts Under the Georgia Governmental Tort Claims Act." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700100/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the impact of the 1992 Georgia Tort Claims Act on educators in court decisions involving liability cases against Georgia school districts and/ or their respective employees. By examining pertinent court cases in which Georgia educators were, for the first time, subjected to potential litigation, the researcher outlines circumstances in which educators can and should be held liable for their actions. Additionally, the researcher analyzes the Tort Claims Acts of Texas, Oklahoma, and Mississippi as well. This analysis allows the researcher to contrast the types of litigious actions that educators in each of these states are held liable. Findings include the types of actions in which educators in each of the respective states are subject to liability. Case study analysis of randomly selected court cases involving tort liability, provides the infrastructure for in-depth research allowing the following questions to be addressed: (1) How have Georgia courts interpreted the Georgia Tort Claims Act in litigation against school personnel and school districts? (2) How do tort liability rulings, involving school personnel or districts, in other states within the United States compare with similar cases filed in Georgia since 1992? The Georgia Tort Claim Act of 1992 propelled an array of circumstances in which educational entities would be held liable for their actions. This research clearly explains the types of actions in which educators in the state of Georgia are subject to suit and to what degree they are subsequently held liable. Case study research also uncovered specific areas in which Georgia educators can be held liable. Specific research involving actions deemed either ministerial or discretionary are detailed specifically through case analysis. Additionally, the degree to which liability insurance provides protection for educational entities or their respective employees is also addressed in this research in order that state-by-state comparisons can be understood.
26
Simonsz, David. "In search of international tort law : civil liability of arms manufacturers for indirect sales to embargoed conflict zones." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5847.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation seeks to demonstrate the practical possibilities of holding arms companies liable under the common law of torts as a possible instrument in support of the enforcement of public international law and international human rights law. The United Kingdom is used as primary example because its tort law has been widely spread across the world by colonialism, so any case that is successful in the UK may be successful in other common law countries with (relatively) little modification. This increases the relevance of this dissertation.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Alejandro Lorite of the Department of Law, American University - Cairo.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
27
Perry, Shaun Patrick. "An Analysis of Litigation against Kansas Educators and School Districts under the Kansas Tort Claims Act." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984221/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the significance of the Kansas Tort Claims Act of 1979 on state of Kansas court decisions in litigation against Kansas school districts and their employees. Through providing a historical perspective of the adoption and abolishment of the doctrine of sovereign immunity in the United States, which subsequently led to the enactment of the Federal Tort Claims Act, and ultimately led to the Kansas Tort Claims Act, the researcher analyzes pertinent case law and scholarly commentary pertaining to school negligence litigation. The goal of the analysis is to answer the following research question: How have Kansas state courts interpreted the Kansas Tort Claims Act in litigation against state school districts and their employees? Although the KTCA provides citizens with a vehicle for redress against governmental entities by virtue of tort claims, the KTCA also provides immunities from liability for governmental entities and their employees under exceptions to the KTCA. Most notably, the discretionary function exception and the recreational use exception are two exceptions to liability applied in a significant number of tort cases against Kansas school districts and employees. The case law analysis provides explanations for the types of actions of negligence that Kansas courts have qualified for school district or school employee liability, and, when permitted, negligent actions that qualified for immunity under a KTCA exception to liability.
28
Porter, Michael. "Restitution in Chinese and American Tort Law: A Comparison of Historical Factors and Modern Cases." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398901345.
Full text
29
Mancone, Nichole A. "Sovereign Immunity: a Study of Higher Education Cases." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801943/.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored the legal parameters of sovereign immunity and its waivers for employees of public institutions of higher education in the state of Texas. This empirical study examined the decisions of the Texas Judiciary concerning public university litigation in the area of sovereign immunity, with a review of major state court decisions. Legal research methodology was used in this study. The data for this study included case study review of six cases decided by the Texas judiciary. Information about each of the cases and the important legal inferences from the cases was discussed. A review of the history of sovereign immunity and the current status of the application of the Texas Tort Claims Act was also included. Based on the review of the relevant case law and scholarly commentary, the study findings suggest that a) Texas courts recognize and apply the doctrine of sovereign immunity, unless the application of the doctrine is restricted by the Texas Tort Claims Act; b) the Texas Tort Claims Act establishes limited waivers to sovereign immunity applicable only under specified circumstances and subjects; c) Texas courts were consistent in applying the circumstances by which an institution or its actors waived sovereign immunity. Practice recommendations are included for education professionals at Texas state institutions of higher education.
30
Olsson, Fredrik, and David Köröndi. "Sufficiently Serious : How clear must a Member State´s breach of Community law be to make it liable?" Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2283.
Full textAbstract:
In the autumn of 2007, the Swedish Chancellor of Justice rejected a claim for damages by an individual against the Swedish state on the grounds that the breach was not to be regarded as sufficiently serious. The claim for damages was based on the Swedish custom authority’s confiscation of alcoholic beverages imported to Sweden by individuals, an act that the ECJ had found contrary to Community law.
This study is evaluating the compatibility of the Chancellor of Justice´s decision with Community law. An analysis of the guidelines given by the ECJ concerning state liability in general, and the sufficiently serious criterion in particular, are also presented in order to make this evaluation. This analysis illustrates that there are some conditions which are crucial when a national court is to make the assessment whether a breach is considered sufficiently serious to warrant restitution to an individual. Most importantly, the clarity of the infringed Community provision and the margin of discretion awarded to the Member State when committing the breach are factors that, according to the ECJ, are decisive when making this assessment.
The Swedish Chancellor of Justice´s decision to deny the claim for damages is, when comparing it to the guidelines given by the ECJ, definitely questionable.
31
Gibson, James Bryan Beil Richard O. "Medical malpractice and tort reform effects on the death rate, a 2004 cross-sectional analysis /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1823.
Full text
32
Desai, Parth. "Health care and tort reform: an analysis of flaws in the malpractice liability system and reforms to address them." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12348.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.When a patient is bringing a lawsuit, he or she is seeking retributive justice for a harm that they believe was done to them at the hands of a negligent physician. The foundation of malpractice litigation from a legal point of view is that the threat of litigation forces physicians to practice safely and more carefully. Meanwhile physicians believe that malpractice litigation is a punitive approach that seeks to isolate individual cases and assign blame and shame, rather than promote a culture of openness about mistakes and how to avoid them in the future. While the patient safety system relies on transparency and the availability of case information to accomplish its aims, the liability system, as argued by physicians, suppresses the transparency of this information because physicians fear legal retribution in the face of open disclosure. This compromises the foundational dynamic of the physician-patient relationship, and as a result detracts from the quality of care. Studies have found that in punishing the 3 percent of negligent injuries that actually result in malpractice claims, four innocent doctors are punished for every doctor that is actually at fault. Clearly the medical malpractice system is also struggling to maintain an efficient system of corrective justice. If the medical malpractice system seeks to deter negligence, promote patient safety and improve quality and access to medical services in a cost effective manner, then the current system seems to be flawed in meeting these aims. The flaws in this system not only promote a culture of non-disclosure and compromised physician-patient relations but also contribute to a culture of defensive medicine (unnecessary tests) to confirm a diagnosis. With the threat of malpractice litigation ever present, physicians have responded by avoiding high-risk patients and reducing their access to care. Combined, these flaws not only compromise quality and access of care, but also fuel an unjustifiable increase in the costs of care. It is no surprise that studies have found that at least $28 billion is spent each year on an interrelated combination of medical liability litigation and defensive medicine. This statistic, from 2005, compared to total National Health Expenditures from 2005 (1.982 trillion dollars) indicates that this cost was about 1.4% of total National Health Expenditures in 2005. While this may seem like a small percentage of total health care expenditures, at a time when health care costs and declining access are of major public concern, the costs are indefensible because they are not necessarily improving patient safety or health outcomes. As questions linger about waste and inefficiency limiting access and compromising the quality of healthcare, it is necessary to assess the expansive impact that medical malpractice litigation is having on the field of medicine.
33
Madsen, Jesse. "Doe v. Unocal: An Ambiguous Standard for Multinational Corporate Liability." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/690.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
34
Squitieri, Chris. "Matching Observations Found in Texas Department of Insurance’s Medical Malpractice Claim Data and the National Practitioners Database." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1041.
Full textAbstract:
In regards to health care, the civil tort system serves to both deter negligent behavior on the part of the provider and compensate victims for losses which must include bodily harm attributable to negligent medical care. Due to the unique malpractice landscape that evolved in the United States, national tort reform has increased over the last several decades and a need for reliable data exists. This paper matches claims from the National Practitioner's Data Bank to an independent state data bank to determine is systematic, nonrandom differences between the observations exist. The paper found that systematic differences existed and their existence was implicitly proven in a paper published in 2013. This calls into question the current state of knowledge surrounding medical malpractice liability reform.
35
Ellis, Christopher Keith. "THE EXAMINATION OF HAZING CASE LAW AS APPLIED BETWEEN 1980-2013." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/epe_etds/59.
Full textAbstract:
This study contributes to the knowledge and understanding of the application of hazing law and response of courts to case law where hazing has been alleged between the years of 1980-2013. This study expands upon the 2009 research conducted by Carroll, Connaughton, Spengler and Zhang, which used a content analysis methodology to look at anti-hazing case law as applied in cases where educational institutions were named as defendants, and the 2002 unpublished dissertation of Guynn which explored anti-hazing case law and its application in cases involving high school students. This study examines all court cases between 1980-2013 where a judicial opinion was written and an allegation of hazing or an injury resulting from hazing occurred.
This study uses content analysis methodology to identify, code and analyze cases and applies analogical reasoning to the case review to 1) examine the breadth of legal cases that occurred between 1980-2013, 2) identify the legal issues most likely to be created by an incident of hazing, and 3) apply predictive analysis for how those issues may impact individuals, organizations, and institutions.
The study identified that legal issues related to 1) tort liability and negligence, 2) allegations of violations of 42 U.S.C. Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act, 3) hazing, 4) assault and battery, and 5) Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 were most commonly argued in courts of law following an incident of hazing. A discussion of each area of law and the parameters under which a court would make decisions in this area of law were provided for discussion.
36
MORGERA, Elisa. "Corporate accountability in international environmental law : emerging standards and the contribution of international organizations." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7016.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 15 February 2007Examining Board: Prof. Pierre-Marie Dupuy (European University Institute); Prof. Francesco Francioni (European University Institute); Prof. Alan Boyle (University of Edinburgh); Prof. Tullio Scovazzi (University of Milano-Bicocca)
First made available online: 20 July 2021
This study aims to define the legal contours of the concept of corporate accountability in international environmental law. This concept is often related to the insistent calls by international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and academics to ensure some sort o f international oversight over private companies, particularly multinational ones, to avoid the most serious environmental harm caused by them. Corporate accountability is also equally relevant when considering the growing practice of international organizations to increasingly engage the private sector in attaining global goals for the protection of the environment.
37
Calabresi, Guido. "A broader view of the Cathedral: The meaning of the liability rule. Correcting a misapprehension." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123520.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, the author analyses the tort not only from a private view, but also from a public function as part of the legalpolitical- economic structure of a State. Likewise, he analyses the significance of the liability rule and how this social-democratic way of organizing law and entitlements fixes the size of the liability;however, it is an inaccurate description of what occurs in the world, as in the case of eminent domain. Therefore, he claims a more significant economic role for the liability rule.En el presente artículo, el autor analiza la responsabilidad extracontractual no solo desde una visión privada, sino también desde una función pública como parte de la estructura legal-política-económica de un Estado. Asimismo, analiza el significado de la regla de responsabilidad y de cómo esta manera social-demócrata de organizar el derecho y las titularidades fijan el tamaño de la responsabilidad; sin embargo, esta es una descripción inexacta de lo que ocurre en el mundo como en el caso de las expropiaciones. Por ello, afirma un papel económico más significativode la regla de responsabilidad.
38
Price, Charie Wesley. "A Legal Analysis of Litigation against Louisiana Educators and School Districts, Before and After the Louisiana Governmental Claims Act." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157570/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation analyzed court decisions in injuries on school grounds cases under the Louisiana Governmental Claims Act. The question addressed was: How have the Louisiana courts interpreted the Louisiana Governmental Claims Act in litigation against Louisiana school districts and their employees? The intent of this study was to show how Louisiana's legal system has evolved, and how that evolution affected tort cases involving school boards and school board employees. Doctrinal legal research was the methodology used to answer the research question. To limit the number of cases analyzed, this study only focused on tort claims involving injury on school property. In order to gain a broad perspective, tort claims cases filed prior to the 1974 Louisiana Constitution, cases filed after the 1974 Louisiana Constitution, and cases filed after the 1995 Louisiana Liability Limits Amendment, and the Louisiana Governmental Claims Act of 1996 were analyzed. By analyzing the tort claims brought against Louisiana school districts and employees during the various time-periods, it was clear to see how the case rulings reflected the frequent changes of the Louisiana Constitution and its' laws. In the end, the state continued to control who could sue them and how much they would pay in damages.
39
Higa, Flávio da Costa. "A perda de uma chance no direito do trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-03092012-085655/.
Full textAbstract:
A responsabilidade civil vem sofrendo constante evolução no sentido de aumentar o campo de reparação do dano injusto, o que provocou uma ruptura paradigmática em seus pressupostos, centrando suas preocupações na indenização à vítima. Nesse contexto, vem ganhando relevo a teoria da perda de uma chance, consistente na possibilidade de reparar o dano causado pela privação da oportunidade de obter um benefício ou de evitar um prejuízo. Outrora irreparável, por ser considerado um prejuízo meramente hipotético, a chance passou a ser reputada, pela jurisprudência, uma entidade própria, substantiva em si mesma, e dotada de valor econômico. O Direito modificou a maneira de interagir com a álea, antes, repelindo-a, e, agora, absorvendo-a e levando-a em consideração no julgamento. O trabalho, uma das maiores fontes de afirmação e expressão da cidadania, também merece uma tutela especial, de modo a resguardar os princípios constitucionais da dignidade da pessoa humana, do valor social do trabalho e da livre iniciativa. Diante disso, não há como o Direito do Trabalho ficar alijado da doutrina das oportunidades perdidas, pois ambos os sujeitos da relação capital e trabalho podem sofrer essa modalidade de ofensa, cuja reparação se impõe como conquista sintomática da evoluçãosocial. Portanto, a análise da imbricação epistemológica entre esses dois fenômenos a perda de uma chance e o Direito do Trabalho , com a explicação dos seus condicionamentos, a sistematização das suas relações, o esclarecimento dos seus vínculos, e a avaliação dos seus resultados e aplicações, constitui o objeto desse estudo, cuja importância se revela, desde logo, a partir do acentuado descompasso entre o atual estado de ebulição jurisprudencial que o tema experimenta e a absoluta escassez de material doutrinário específico.Tort liability has been in constant evolution by way of increasing the field of unfair damage recovery, which has caused a paradigmatic breach in its presupposition, centralizing on its concern for the indemnity of the victim. In this context, the loss-of-achance- doctrine has been gaining importance. This theory consists of the possibility of repairing the damage caused by the privation of the opportunity to obtain a benefit or avoid a loss. Formerly irreparable for being considered merely a hypothetical loss, the chance became reputed by jurisprudence, a personal entity, substantive in itself and endowed with economic value. The law changed the way of interacting with the alea, formerly repelling it, and now, absorbing it and taking it into consideration in the trial. The labor, one of the greatest sources of affirmation and expression of the citizen, also deserves special defense so as to protect the constitutional principles of the dignity of the human being, the social value of labor and free initiative. Thus, there is no way for the Labor Law to be disabled of the doctrine of lost opportunities, because both subjects of the capital and labor relation can suffer this modality of injury, whose reparation instills itself as a symptomatic conquest of the social evolution. Therefore, an analysis of the epistemological imbrications between these two phenomena the loss-of-a-chance and the Labor Law , with the explanation of their contingents , and the systemization of their relations, the enlightenment of their bonds, and the evaluation of their results and applications, constitute the objective of this study, whose importance is revealed, as of now, from the accentuated disorder between the current state of ebullient jurisprudence that the theme has been undergoing and the absolute scarcity of specific doctrinal material.
40
Lindau, Johanna. "Ansvarsproblematiken avseende självkörande fordon : En komparativ studie utifrån svensk, engelsk och amerikansk rätt." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138115.
Full textAbstract:
Den tekniska utvecklingen, närmare bestämt introduktionen av fenomenet självkörande fordon, har medfört att det i skrivande stund föreligger viss oklarhet beträffande ansvarsfrågan enligt gällande rätt. Denna oklarhet har varit föremål för diskussion i ett delbetänkande från regeringen. I SOU 2016:28 finns sammanfattade förslag på reglering, däremot endast avseende försöksverksamheten ”Drive Me” som biltillverkaren Volvo ligger bakom. För att bemöta denna oklarhet har rättsläget diskuterats och problematiserats i hopp om ökad insikt i frågan. Detta utifrån framförallt skadeståndslagen, trafikskadelagen och produktansvarslagen samt generella skadeståndsrättsliga principer och ansvarsformer. Sammantaget har det kunnat konstateras att det inte finns någon självklar lösning på problemet, även om det i ett flertal situationer går att få en uppfattning av vad som vore juridiskt rimligt. Uppsatsen bidrar således till en problematisering av rättsläget inför den kommande harmoniseringen av teknik och juridik; ett steg i utvecklingen.The technological development, specifically the introduction of the phenomenon of driverless vehicles, has meant that the time of writing, some ambiguity regarding the issue of liability under the law exists. This uncertainty has been discussed in an interim report from the government. Proposals on regulation are summarized in current SOU, however, only for the pilot project “Drive Me” as the automaker Volvo is behind. In order to address this uncertainty, the legal position has discussed and problematized in the hope of increasing awareness on the issue. Mainly from tort liability, Traffic damage Act, product liability law and liability forms and general principles of tort law. Overall, it´s been established that there is no obvious solution to the problem, although it´s possible to get an idea of what would be legally reasonable in a number of situations. The essay contributes thus to a discussion of problems of the legal position for the upcoming harmonization of technology and law; a stage of development.
41
Björk, Caroline. "Principalansvaret med inriktning på att en handling skall vara utförd i tjänsten - en komparativ studie och en kritisk analys av det svenska rättsläget." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7189.
Full textAbstract:
Svensk rätt tillämpar ett så kallat principalansvar. Principalansvar innebär ett ansvar för annans culpa och är med andra ord ett arbetsgivaransvar. Arbetsgivaren skall dock endast ersätta skada som arbetstagaren vållar i tjänsten. Gränsdragningen av vad som skall anses vara ”utfört i tjänsten” är dock inte tydlig i alla situationer. I NJA 2000 s 380 ansågs ett bedrägeri, vilket var utfört av en jurist, inte ha varit utfört i tjänsten. Frågan är dock om tolkningen av ”utfört i tjänsten” i rättsfallet var den mest ändamålsenliga med hänsyn till framtida rättsfall av samma art.
I uppsatsen redogörs för vad som enligt svensk gällande rätt är att anse som utfört i tjänsten, det vill säga omfånget av rekvisitet. Uppsatsen innehåller även en komparativ del, vari engelsk och tysk rätt behandlas avseende användandet av rekvisitet ”utfört i tjänsten”. Uppsatsen utmynnar i ett ställningstagande huruvida uttrycket enligt författarens mening tolkats rätt eller om det bör tolkas annorlunda mot vad som är fallet idag.
42
Balčiūnas, Vytautas. "Civilinės deliktinės atsakomybės sąlygos: CK, Europos deliktų teisės principų ir DCFR palyginimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20140627_175431-40642.
Full textAbstract:
Darbe atliekamas Lietuvos Respublikos civilinio kodekso (CK) ir Europoje vyraujančių deliktų teisės vienodinimo tendencijų – Europos deliktų teisės principų (PETL) ir Bendros principų sistemos projekto (DCFR) civilinės deliktinės atsakomybės sąlygų palyginimas, siekiant skirti ir įvertinti jų atitiktį dabartiniame Europos deliktų teisės harmonizavimo ir unifikavimo etape. Atliekant tyrimą apibendrinamos pagrindinės Vakarų Europos deliktų teisės tradicijos, pateikiama bendra PETL, DCFR ir Lietuvos deliktų teisės sistemos charakteristika. Daromos išvados, kad PETL ir DCFR grindžiamos generalinio delikto principu. Juose skiriamos ir detaliai konkretizuojamos visos, būdingos ir Lietuvos deliktų teisės sistemai, sąlygos, kurioms esant gali būti taikoma civilinė deliktinė atsakomybė – žala, kaltė ir priežastinis ryšys. Konstatuojamas esminis CK skirtumas nuo PETL ir DCFR nuostatų, apibrėžiant trečiųjų asmenų, turinčių teisę į neturtinės žalos atlyginimą, ratą. CK trečiųjų asmenų teisė į neturtinės žalos atlyginimą įtvirtinta tik nukentėjusiojo gyvybės atėmimo atveju. PETL ir DCFR tokią trečiųjų asmenų teisę numato ir nukentėjusiojo sveikatos sužalojimo atvejais. Kaltė pagal PETL ir DCFR nuostatas gali turėti ir tyčios formą. Pabrėžiama, jog tokia nuostata prieštarauja CK. Vertinant priežastinio ryšio sąlygą daroma išvada, jog CK įtvirtinta jos samprata neprieštarauja PETL ir DCFR nuostatoms.Work carried out the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania (CC) and Europe prevailing trends in the convergence of tort law – the Principles of European Tort Law (PETL) and the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) civil tort liability in terms of comparison in order to allocate and assess their compliance with current European tort law harmonization and unification stage. The study summarizes the main Western European tradition of tort law, the general PETL, DCFR and Lithuanian tort law system performance. Conclude that PETL and DCFR based on the general tort principle. They are awarded and all the details down specific characteristic of the Lithuanian tort law system and the conditions, under which may be subject the civil tort liability – damage, fault and causation. Finding the essential difference between CC and the PETL, DCFR provisions under definition the circle of third parties, who are entitle to non-pecuniary damages. The right of the third parties by CC consolidated only the victim’s death. PETL and DCFR provide the third party under victim’s death and personal injury cases. Fault by PETL and DCFR provisions could have the form of intentional. Emphasized that such a provision is contrary to CC. Assessing the condition of causality, it is concluded, that the CC provides its conception in compliance with the PETL and DCFR provisions.
43
Dröge, Henner. "Haftung für Gremienentscheidungen /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2008. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz289526167inh.htm.
Full text
44
Walker, Kimberley. "Clearing the Brownfields: Offsetting the Risks to Sustainable Development of Contaminated Land." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37477.
Full textAbstract:
This research develops eight recommendations for amendments to key Ontario legislation affecting Brownfield redevelopment that, if implemented, will reduce the liability and risk associated with the development of contaminated land and benefit stakeholders, such as, municipalities and developers.
Utilizing the methodology of law and economics, this research examines the legal landscape in Ontario and expands the dialogue regarding the risks of developing contaminated land. Through this examination, this research uncovers the origins of the risks of Brownfield redevelopment and extrapolates recommendations for amendments to legislation and policy that balance the liability of Brownfield redevelopment with the protection of the environment.
Recent developments in environmental law appear to increase environmental protection, but actually limit Brownfield redevelopment in Ontario by increasing liability and costs. The polluter pays principle that has been entrenched in Canadian law has governed the law in respect of contaminated lands for decades. However, as society evolves, the common law is forced to re-evaluate environmental protection in the face of contaminated lands. This evolution of the law is an attempt to intervene to correct a market failure that exists with respect to contaminated lands. The increased liability associated with Brownfield redevelopment translates into heightened costs to redevelop the land, which also severely threatens environmental justice in Ontario. The recommendations in this research will benefit stakeholders, the public, and the environment. With respect to stakeholders, it will be of assistance to municipalities, cities, developers, corporations, secured lenders, mortgage insurers and the government. The risks associated with Brownfield redevelopment can be offset by the recommended corrections to legislation regarding liability and stronger policies that create accessible programs and incentives to promote just, innovative, and sustainable redevelopment.
45
McFadden, Owen M. "An analysis and comparison of court holdings dealing with tort liability for injuries sustained in public school and higher education programs of physical education, athletics and intramural sports from 1977-1987." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54241.
Full textAbstract:
Physical education programs, athletic programs and intramural sports programs are a vital part of the American educational system. However, since the mid-sixties, there has been an increase in sports injury litigation against the teachers and coaches who direct and supervise these programs.
The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the study was to report the legal liability of elementary, secondary and higher education physical educators, athletic coaches and intramural sports directors from 1977-1987. In addition this study compared the holdings of the court cases from 1977-1987 to the holdings of the court cases found in five unpublished manuscripts.
From 1977 to 1987 there were 92 elementary and secondary lawsuits and 19 college lawsuits involving these professionals, including their supervisors. There were 41 cases involving liability against the boards of education and boards of trustees. The groups were found not liable in 23 of the cases. The primary reason for not being liable was their protection from suit because of the doctrine of governmental immunity. However, in states where the doctrine of governmental immunity did not exist boards of education and boards of trustees were found liable for improper supervision, lack of proper medical assistance and creating a dangerous situation or hazard.
Sixteen cases were reported against school employees. In 10 of the cases the court rulings were held against these employees. The reasons included: improper supervision, failure to follow state athletic association rules and improper instruction. Cases held in favor of the school employees resulted when: employees were acting within the scope of their employment, the employees were providing adequate supervision and instruction and the students purposely disregarded safety rules.
The results of this study, when compared to five previous studies, indicated that even though the number of cases reported were similar the present study showed an increase in the number of decisions favoring the plaintiff at the elementary and secondary level. Also, the present study revealed an increase of 250% in the number of lawsuits reported at the college level and a 23% increase in the number of cases favoring the plaintiff.Ed. D.
46
Caselta, Daniel Costa. "Responsabilidade civil por danos decorrentes da prática de cartel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-09112015-114806/.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação de mestrado visa a estudar a responsabilidade civil por danos decorrentes da prática de cartel, a qual é considerada como a mais grave infração à ordem econômica. No primeiro capítulo, o fenômeno do cartel é estudado sob a perspectiva econômica, analisando-se as principais características e efeitos da conduta. No segundo capítulo, examina-se a disciplina jurídica do cartel no direito brasileiro, estudando-se as normas que preveem a responsabilização pela prática de cartel na lei concorrencial e na esfera penal. O terceiro capítulo pretende analisar os objetivos e o papel da responsabilidade civil no contexto mais amplo da política de defesa da concorrência. O quarto capítulo estuda a reparação civil dos danos decorrentes do cartel no direito federal norte-americano e no direito comunitário europeu. O quinto capítulo examina a responsabilidade civil por danos decorrentes da prática de cartel no direito brasileiro. Nesse contexto, são examinados os pressupostos da reparação civil (ato ilícito, culpa, nexo causal e dano), a legitimidade ativa e passiva para as ações indenizatórias, a interação entre a responsabilidade civil e o programa de leniência, bem como a prescrição da pretensão indenizatória. No sexto capítulo, são analisadas algumas propostas de reforma do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para aperfeiçoamento do sistema de reparação civil em matéria de cartel. Finalmente, a conclusão procura expor de maneira sistematizada as principais ideias apresentadas ao longo do trabalho, bem como avaliar o estágio atual da responsabilidade civil por danos decorrentes da prática de cartel no direito brasileiro.This dissertation aims to study the civil liability for damages arising from cartel behavior, which is considered the most serious antitrust violation. The first chapter studies the cartel from an economic perspective, analyzing the key features and effects of the conduct. The second chapter examines the legal framework regarding cartel behavior under Brazilian law, by studying the rules that provide for the responsibility for cartel under antitrust law and at the criminal level. The third chapter aims to analyze the objectives and the role of civil liability in the broader context of antitrust policy. The fourth chapter studies the civil liability for damages arising from cartel behavior in US federal law and European Community law. The fifth chapter examines the civil liability for damages resulting from cartel behavior in Brazilian law. In this context, the chapter examines the requisites for civil liability (tort, fault, causation and damage), standing to sue and to be sued, the interaction between the indemnification claims and the leniency program, as well as the statute of limitations. The sixth chapter discusses some proposals to reform the Brazilian legal framework with the purpose of improving the system of civil liability concerning cartel behavior. Finally, the conclusion seeks to expose in a systematic way the main ideas presented throughout the work, and to assess the current state of civil liability for damages resulting from cartel behavior in Brazilian law.
47
Böh, Wolfgang. "Die Aufklärungspflicht einer Bank bei der Finanzierung einer Beteiligung an einem geschlossenen Immobilienfonds /." Frankfurt ; New York : P. Lang, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015519905&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
48
Weber, Moritz. "Die Haftung des Analysten für fehlerhafte Wertpapieranalysen /." Lohmar [u.a.] : Eul, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2859686&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full text
49
Germano, Geandrei Stefanelli. "Punitive damages nas relações de consumo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-03102012-084841/.
Full textAbstract:
O estudo em comento tem por objetivo analisar se o instituto jurídico dos punitive damages, oriundo da Common Law, tem aplicabilidade no ordenamento jurídico nacional, particularmente no âmbito das relações de consumo. Para tanto, a presente obra, além de apresentar um panorama histórico da responsabilidade civil punitiva, expõe como tal responsabilidade vem sendo aceita no Brasil e conclui como sendo dois os seus principais instrumentos de atuação: a indenização punitiva e os punitive damages. Diferenciando-os, entendemos que os punitive damages eram os mais adequados a atual sociedade de consumo brasileira, por constituir-se um valor fixado em separado, com o intuito específico de punir e avaliado conforme a complexidade do caso pelo magistrado, conferindo dinamismo e eficiência às punições. Nesse sentido, propusemos os critérios que em nosso sentir seriam os mais adequados para a aplicação dos punitive damages e a fixação do quantum punitivo no âmbito das relações de consumo, bem como os fatores que justificam a aplicação do referido instituto jurídico nestas relações. Apresentamos, ademais, uma análise da aplicabilidade dos punitive damages nos ordenamentos jurídicos de Common e Civil Law que mais influenciam o ordenamento jurídico nacional.This study aims to examine whether the legal institution of punitive damages, coming from the Common Law, is applicable in national law, particularly in the context of consumer relations. This essay, besides presenting historical overview of punitive liability, explains how this responsibility is being accepted in Brazil and concludes that there are two main instruments of action. The first instrument is based on the increase of the compensatory damages to punish the defendant. The other one is the punitive damages. We believe that punitive damages were more suitable to the current consumer society in Brazil, because it represents a value that is set apart, with the purpose of punishing and evaluated according to the complexity of the case by the magistrate, giving dynamism and efficiency to the punishment. In this sense, we proposed rules that in our opinion would be most suitable for the application of punitive damages and setting of the punitive quantum under products liability, as well as factors warranting the application of this legal institution in these relationships. We present, moreover, analysis of the applicability of punitive damages in the legal systems of Common and Civil Law that most influence Brazilian Law.
50
Laroche, Hélène. "Les concours de responsabilités civiles." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1001/document.
Full textAbstract:
Il y a concours de responsabilités lorsque plusieurs règles de responsabilités s'appliquent à un même litige, de telle sorte qu'elles peuvent donner une réponse à la demande d'indemnisation de celui qui se prétend victime. La croissance exponentielle des règles de responsabilité, depuis le XIXè siècle, a fait progresser dans la même mesure le phénomène des concours de responsabilités. En effet, plus les règles sont nombreuses, plus le risque qu'elle se rencontrent, se chevauchent, est grand. De cette arborescence, parfois désordonnée, de règles de responsabilité, il résulte pour le plaideur et son conseil une insécurité juridique certaine. Le juge, rarement guidé par le législateur, peine parfois à résoudre certains concours et ne dispose pas de méthode fiable pour cela, rendant ses décisions sans la motivation nécessaire à la compréhension des règles qui gouvernent la résolution des concours, empêchant toute anticipation. Il est tentant, alors, de faire table rase de ces règles de responsabilité afin de reconstruire un système plus ordonné, mettant fin aux concours. Une voie tout à la fois plus raisonnable et plus efficace fut retenue, celle de l'édiction de règles de conflit à même de résoudre tous les concours de responsabilités. Le prix de la sécurité juridique est donc trouvé dans une méthode préservant la grande richesse du droit français de la responsabilité et organisant des rapports harmonieux entre les différentes normesShared liability occurs when several liability regimes apply to the same litigation and may respond to a plaintiff’s request for compensation. The exponential growth of liability rules since the 19th century has caused the phenomenon of shared liability to increase at the same rate. Indeed, the greater the number of rules, the greater the risk they overlap. Their structure, which can sometimes appear confusing, leads to legal uncertainty for both the litigant and his counsel. The judge, rarely helped by the legislator, may sometimes find it difficult ruling how liability should be shared as he does not have a reliable method to fall back on, thereby rendering sometimes unforeseeable and seemingly unjustifiable decisions. It is therefore tempting to do away with liability rules and rebuild a more organised system. So a more reasonable and efficient approach has been retained by decreeing conflict-of-law rules that can resolve any combination of liabilities. The price of legal certainty thus lies in a method preserving the heritage of French liability law, while ensuring that the different standards match