Academic literature on the topic 'Toshka New River Valley project'

The Middle Cumberland Archaeological Project is a multi-institution research effort launched in 2010 that includes archaeologists with Florida State University, the Tennessee Division of Archaeology, and Middle Tennessee State University, working together to identify and assess Archaic shell-bearing sites in the western Middle Cumberland River Valley of Tennessee. In 2012, the project investigated the substantial Archaic shell-bearing deposits at archaeological site 40DV7, located on the Cumberland River in Davidson County, Tennessee. This interdisciplinary project gathered basic site-level data regarding the horizontal and vertical extent of cultural deposits, radiocarbon assays to determine site chronology, bulk and column samples for flotation and water-screening to aid in zooarchaeological analysis and paleoethnobotanical analysis, and geomorphological samples of the immediate environment. The results of the 2012 excavations, combined with earlier data collected by the senior authors, provide significant new data about the occupation history and freshwater shellfish composition of this site. In addition, radiocarbon data presented in this chapter reveal that 40DV7 manifests the longest continuous Archaic shell-bearing occupation yet identified in the region, spanning the period ca. 6500–4500 cal BP.

Ironmakers in the Middle Atlantic states used canals and railways to reduce costs and expand the scale of production with new techniques based on mineral-coal fuel beginning in the 1820s. Salisbury forge and furnace proprietors, who still had teamsters hauling ore, fuel, and metal along dirt roads with wagons in summer and sleds in winter, knew that improved transportation systems would help them get their products to outside buyers. They were less aware that canals and railroads would eventually force them to confront new techniques adopted by ironmakers outside their district. Entrepreneurs in northwestern Connecticut had become interested in waterways as early as 1760, when they wanted to improve the Housatonic’s channel north to Massachusetts in order to float logs downriver to their sawmills. Although the General Assembly authorized a lottery to raise £300 for the project in 1761, the promoters accomplished nothing. The start of construction on the Erie Canal stimulated interest in building a canal along the Housatonic River that would open new markets for the northwest’s ironmakers. Urged on by John M. Holley and others, the Ousatonic Canal proprietors organized a company in 1822 to build from tidewater to Stockbridge, Massachusetts. However, when canal engineer Benjamin Wright’s survey showed the company would have to build enough locks to raise boats a total of 604 feet as they traversed the canal, the project’s supporters backed out. The promoters of the Sharon Canal project, intended to start in Sharon and go down the Oblong River into New York and thence follow the route later used by the Harlem Railroad, accomplished even less. John M. Holley had experienced railroad travel on his 1831 trip to Harpers Ferry. He and his neighbors realized that a railway up the Housatonic valley would gather traffic from the region’s ironworks and, with a connection to the Western Railroad in Massachusetts, open the first year-round route from New York City to Albany. (The railroad along the Hudson River between New York and Albany did not open until 1851.) Several of the region’s ironmasters, including J. M. Holley’s son A. H. Holley, helped raise funds for the construction of the Housatonic Railroad when the state issued a charter in 1836.

<em>Abstract.</em>—The lower American River, located in Sacramento County, California, provides important habitat, a high-quality water source, a critical floodway, and a spectacular regional recreational parkway. It is also a key water source for the Central Valley Project, which provides irrigation water to 3 million acres of the country’s most productive agricultural lands. The river supports 43 species of native and nonnative fish, including fall-run Chinook salmon <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </em>and steelhead <em>O. mykiss</em>. In the last decade, one quarter of all fall-run Chinook salmon produced in California’s Central Valley have come from the American River. The Sacramento region’s population is expected to double to more than 2 million people in the next 30 years. Water demand to meet population growth will cause additional stress on a river system that currently experiences low flow and high temperatures during critical salmonid spawning and rearing life stages. Increased demand for American River water outside the region will contribute to higher fall river water temperatures and more frequent fluctuating flows that result in stranding and/or isolation of fish. In 1993, regional stakeholders decided that new methods were needed to avoid water shortages, environmental degradation, groundwater contamination, and limits to economic prosperity. Consequently, they created the Water Forum. After 6 years of intense, interest-based negotiations, 40 stakeholder organizations approved the comprehensive Water Forum Agreement in 2000. The agreement allows the region to meet its needs in a balanced way through implementation of a comprehensive package of linked actions.

<em>Abstract.</em>—Parcel by parcel, urban/suburban development is one of the most active converters of land in the Hudson River Valley in New York State. We are taking an integrative approach to understanding the drivers of and responses to urbanization, by studying how economy drives land use change and how that, in turn, affects downstream indicators of ecosystem state. The ultimate goal of the project is to provide a tool for policymakers, illustrating consequences of different development strategies. In this paper, we discuss synoptic ecological assessments of two major Hudson River tributaries in Dutchess County, the Wappinger Creek and Fishkill Creek watersheds. Physical, chemical, geographic, and biotic indices are compiled, creating a multivariate data set. These data, when set into a geographic information database, provide a spatial response to land use. Application of a regionally calibrated index of biotic integrity showed little relationship to urbanization, although some component metrics indicated a response. Chemical or biogeochemical indicators were more reflective of urbanization gradients. A hierarchy of responses, beginning with physicochemical and moving up to fish assemblages, reflected decreasing responses to urbanization. However, fish densities and the stable isotopic ratios of nitrogen determined in a sentinel species (eastern blacknose dace <em>Rhinichthys atratulus</em>) were significantly affected by urbanization. Longitudinal gradients of elevation were identified as strong drivers of development, potentially confounding relationships of land-use attributes and ecological responses.

The area of the town of Mailuu Suu, Kyrgyzstan, is polluted by radionuclides and heavy metals in tailing dumps and heaps resulting from the historic exploitation of U-mines in the Mailuu Suu area in Kyrgyzstan. Radioactive substances are stored in 23 tailings and 13 mining debris heaps situated along the Mailuu Suu River. The objective of the EC-TACIS funded project is to evaluate and prepare measures to be taken by the authorities to reduce the radiological exposure of the population and to prevent environmental pollution by radionuclides and heavy metals in case of loss of tightness of dams

Abstract The development of third world countries is surrounded by a thousand challenges, one of them is to increase and modernize the transport infrastructure to improve competitiveness in an increasingly interconnected world. Colombia in recent years has undertaken a titanic task of construction of highways to meet this purpose, have hired more than 8170 km of roads, however, this task generates a major challenge for the oil industry since the construction of these roads generates an unplanned interference with the hydrocarbon transport infrastructure that, if not handled correctly, can caus